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[{"start":"00:00:00","end":"00:00:04","text":"And what if I told you that on June 21, 2025, while the world slept, a military operation was executed"},{"start":"00:00:04","end":"00:00:08","text":"to deactivate a nuclear threat, but for some reason,"},{"start":"00:00:08","end":"00:00:13","text":"25% of the Bitcoin network's computational power instantly collapsed."},{"start":"00:00:13","end":"00:00:16","text":"Worldwide. What you're about to discover in this video is not just a the-"},{"start":"00:00:16","end":"00:00:21","text":"ory, these are documented facts, correlations impossible to ignore, and a truth that"},{"start":"00:00:21","end":"00:00:25","text":"those who know it don't want you to discover. My name is Ivan Prats, and today we are going to unravel"},{"start":"00:00:25","end":"00:00:30","text":"how the United States-Israel's Operation Midnight Hammer revealed something much deeper"},{"start":"00:00:30","end":"00:00:32","text":"than a simple coincidence."},{"start":"00:00:32","end":"00:00:40","text":"While Americans were sleeping, seven B-2 Spirit stealth bombers took off"},{"start":"00:00:40","end":"00:00:45","text":"in complete silence. Their cargo: nearly 14-ton bunker-buster bombs designed to"},{"start":"00:00:45","end":"00:00:51","text":"destroy bunkers 100 meters underground. The targets: Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan."},{"start":"00:00:51","end":"00:00:54","text":"Three names that would mean little to the average citizen, but which hide Iran's"},{"start":"00:00:54","end":"00:00:59","text":"best-kept secret. Trump declared on the same night of the attack that Iran's nuclear facilities"},{"start":"00:00:59","end":"00:01:03","text":"had been completely destroyed. But here's the strange part:"},{"start":"00:01:03","end":"00:01:06","text":"exactly 70 minutes after the announcement, something unthinkable happened."},{"start":"00:01:06","end":"00:01:11","text":"The global hash rate of Bitcoin, which is the measure of the total computational power of the Bitcoin blockchain,"},{"start":"00:01:11","end":"00:01:14","text":"began to collapse, and this was not a gradual drop in terms of percentage"},{"start":"00:01:14","end":"00:01:17","text":"nor in terms of timing. This type of drop is usually common during the months"},{"start":"00:01:17","end":"00:01:22","text":"of the halving, which was in '24. This was not a normal fluctuation at all, where"},{"start":"00:01:22","end":"00:01:28","text":"a catastrophic 25% of the hash rate collapsed. 224 exahashes per second, disappeared."},{"start":"00:01:28","end":"00:01:31","text":"As if someone had turned off a quarter of all the computers in the world"},{"start":"00:01:31","end":"00:01:35","text":"mining Bitcoin. Coincidence? Perhaps, but get ready, because this story is just"},{"start":"00:01:35","end":"00:01:36","text":"beginning."},{"start":"00:01:36","end":"00:01:39","text":"To understand all this, we must first go back to March of this same year."},{"start":"00:01:39","end":"00:01:43","text":"Tulsi Gabbard, Donald Trump's new Director of National Intelligence, appeared before"},{"start":"00:01:43","end":"00:01:45","text":"Congress, and her testimony was categorical."},{"start":"00:01:45","end":"00:01:50","text":"Iran is not building weapons or created them; the program was suspended in '23 and has not been active for"},{"start":"00:01:50","end":"00:01:55","text":"a long time. 18 intelligence agencies, a unanimous consensus: Iran had enriched uranium,"},{"start":"00:01:55","end":"00:01:59","text":"but no active weapons program. So why attack nuclear facilities"},{"start":"00:01:59","end":"00:02:04","text":"that supposedly didn't pose a threat? On June 17, just four"},{"start":"00:02:04","end":"00:02:08","text":"days before the attack, Trump publicly contradicted his own intelligence director."},{"start":"00:02:08","end":"00:02:11","text":""I don't care what she says," the American president declared. Did Trump"},{"start":"00:02:11","end":"00:02:15","text":"know something his own country's intelligence didn't? Or was there another objective"},{"start":"00:02:15","end":"00:02:17","text":"in those facilities that they didn't want the public to know about?"},{"start":"00:02:18","end":"00:02:20","text":"Pay attention, because here's where the story gets fascinating."},{"start":"00:02:20","end":"00:02:23","text":"The same nuclear facilities attacked:"},{"start":"00:02:23","end":"00:02:28","text":"Fordow, buried 100 meters under a mountain; Natanz, Iran's largest enrichment complex;"},{"start":"00:02:28","end":"00:02:32","text":"and Isfahan, the nuclear conversion plant, shared something more than uranium;"},{"start":"00:02:32","end":"00:02:36","text":"they shared an electrical grid, a network that powered not only centrifuges, but something"},{"start":"00:02:36","end":"00:02:39","text":"much more lucrative. Documents from the National Council of Resistance"},{"start":"00:02:39","end":"00:02:43","text":"of Iran reveal that the Revolutionary Guard Corps controlled two-thirds"},{"start":"00:02:43","end":"00:02:47","text":"of Bitcoin mining devices as well, an operation that consumed 2000 megawatts"},{"start":"00:02:47","end":"00:02:50","text":"daily. And do you know the price of electricity at these facilities?"},{"start":"00:02:50","end":"00:02:56","text":"0.002 dollars per kilowatt-hour, it's the cheapest cost on the entire planet."},{"start":"00:02:56","end":"00:02:58","text":"Are you starting to see the connection, or is this going to get even more interesting?"},{"start":"00:03:04","end":"00:03:08","text":"The first missiles impacted. At that exact moment, Bitcoin's hash rate registered its first"},{"start":"00:03:08","end":"00:03:12","text":"drop: 50 exahashes disappeared in just 60 minutes."},{"start":"00:03:12","end":"00:03:17","text":"Analysts from Glassnode confirmed it. The network dropped from almost 1000 exahashes per second to barely 700,"},{"start":"00:03:17","end":"00:03:20","text":"but here's the data that will make your blood run cold: Iran only controlled, according to"},{"start":"00:03:20","end":"00:03:26","text":"official public data, 3.1% of the global hash rate, approximately 28.5 exahashes."},{"start":"00:03:26","end":"00:03:31","text":"However, the drop was 274. How can 3% cause a 25% drop,"},{"start":"00:03:31","end":"00:03:36","text":"unless those nuclear facilities were not the only ones connected to the network?"},{"start":"00:03:36","end":"00:03:40","text":"Official reports speak of significant damage to Natanz, where 15,000 centrifuges"},{"start":"00:03:40","end":"00:03:44","text":"were left without electricity, but leaked intelligence reports tell another story."},{"start":"00:03:44","end":"00:03:49","text":"Later assessments admitted that the nuclear program was only delayed by a few months,"},{"start":"00:03:49","end":"00:03:54","text":"at most. They spent 75 missiles and 7 B-2 bombers for a delay of only a few"},{"start":"00:03:54","end":"00:03:55","text":"months?"},{"start":"00:03:55","end":"00:03:58","text":"If you study a bit of history between Iran and the West, you realize that the news outlets"},{"start":"00:03:58","end":"00:04:03","text":"have been saying that Iran is about to have a nuclear bomb since the 80s."},{"start":"00:04:03","end":"00:04:07","text":"More than 40 years have passed, and the nuclear bomb has never arrived. Is that strange?"},{"start":"00:04:07","end":"00:04:10","text":"The truth is yes, because it is. Rumors are already circulating online that the real objective"},{"start":"00:04:10","end":"00:04:15","text":"was in the basements, in the hidden mining farms, under the pretext of nuclear research,"},{"start":"00:04:15","end":"00:04:19","text":"operations that generated billions of dollars annually for the Iranian regime."},{"start":"00:04:19","end":"00:04:20","text":"Iranian."},{"start":"00:04:20","end":"00:04:23","text":"Bitcoin allowed them to evade sanctions, finance operations, and move outside the international banking"},{"start":"00:04:23","end":"00:04:28","text":"banking system, very lucrative farms that on June 21, someone decided to shut down."},{"start":"00:04:28","end":"00:04:32","text":"Coincidentally, this hash rate collapse benefited American miners."},{"start":"00:04:32","end":"00:04:36","text":"Foundry USA, based in New York, saw its market share increase while"},{"start":"00:04:36","end":"00:04:39","text":"miners in the Middle East disconnected."},{"start":"00:04:39","end":"00:04:43","text":"The 7 Bitcoin ETFs registered inflows of more than 1.5 billion during the recovery"},{"start":"00:04:43","end":"00:04:47","text":"in the same days of the military operation by Israel and the United States. Who buys"},{"start":"00:04:47","end":"00:04:50","text":"during a crisis? You can be sure the average citizen doesn't. Those who do"},{"start":"00:04:50","end":"00:04:52","text":"are those who know what's coming next."},{"start":"00:04:52","end":"00:04:56","text":"All this shows a connection that I myself cannot decipher, it's as if a piece of the puzzle is missing."},{"start":"00:04:56","end":"00:04:57","text":"is missing."},{"start":"00:04:57","end":"00:05:01","text":"Trump, the pro-crypto president; Gabbard, the intelligence director contradicting the official narrative;"},{"start":"00:05:01","end":"00:05:06","text":"the surgical attacks that coincidentally destroyed the electrical infrastructure,"},{"start":"00:05:06","end":"00:05:10","text":"but didn't quite dismantle the nuclear program. If Iran wasn't building weapons,"},{"start":"00:05:10","end":"00:05:13","text":"if the real objective was Bitcoin, if all this was planned, what else are they not"},{"start":"00:05:13","end":"00:05:14","text":"telling us?"},{"start":"00:05:14","end":"00:05:18","text":"On the last day of the conflict, June 23, Iran responded by attacking US bases,"},{"start":"00:05:18","end":"00:05:22","text":"but Trump declared on social media that he was warned before they did it, and that"},{"start":"00:05:22","end":"00:05:27","text":"no missile actually hit causing damage or casualties, as if there had been some kind of"},{"start":"00:05:27","end":"00:05:28","text":"prior agreement."},{"start":"00:05:28","end":"00:05:31","text":"A few hours later, Trump declared a ceasefire agreed upon by all involved,"},{"start":"00:05:31","end":"00:05:36","text":"ending the conflict. What we witnessed between June 21 and 23 was not just"},{"start":"00:05:36","end":"00:05:40","text":"a military attack; it was potentially the first cryptogeopolitical war in history."},{"start":"00:05:40","end":"00:05:44","text":"A war where bombs don't just destroy bunkers, but computational networks, where"},{"start":"00:05:44","end":"00:05:48","text":"power isn't just measured in megatons, but in exahashes, and here's the part that"},{"start":"00:05:48","end":"00:05:50","text":"should resonate with you: if they can do this with Bitcoin,"},{"start":"00:05:50","end":"00:05:51","text":"what else can they control?"},{"start":"00:05:51","end":"00:05:55","text":"Your digital money, your transactions, your financial future. Where is it all connected?"},{"start":"00:05:55","end":"00:05:56","text":"Everything traceable, everything vulnerable."},{"start":"00:05:56","end":"00:05:59","text":"Operation Midnight Hammer was not the end; it was the beginning."},{"start":"00:05:59","end":"00:06:02","text":"It's the moment when the wars of the future showed their true face, and now that"},{"start":"00:06:02","end":"00:06:04","text":"you know the truth, the question is: what are you going to do with it?"},{"start":"00:06:04","end":"00:06:07","text":"If this video opened your eyes or at least made you think, share it, because"},{"start":"00:06:07","end":"00:06:09","text":"knowledge is the only weapon we have left."},{"start":"00:06:09","end":"00:06:13","text":"Subscribe for more investigations they don't want you to see, hit the bell icon, and remember,"},{"start":"00:06:13","end":"00:06:18","text":"in the world of power, there are no coincidences, only conspiracies that will eventually cease to be so."}]

[{"end": "00:00:07", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "there's a prophecy uh recently"}, {"end": "00:00:10", "start": "00:00:04", "text": "commemorated and uh uh by Metropolitan"}, {"end": "00:00:13", "start": "00:00:07", "text": "NE alos which says that one day this was"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:10", "text": "uttered years ago 20 years ago by a"}, {"end": "00:00:19", "start": "00:00:13", "text": "aesthetic INR Theodore an atic INR he"}, {"end": "00:00:21", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "says one day you'll be sipping coffee"}, {"end": "00:00:22", "start": "00:00:19", "text": "you will hear the news that the Israelis"}, {"end": "00:00:25", "start": "00:00:21", "text": "have hit the nuclear program of Persia"}, {"end": "00:00:27", "start": "00:00:22", "text": "that will be when the major worldwide"}, {"end": "00:00:30", "start": "00:00:25", "text": "events will start at the same time"}, {"end": "00:00:31", "start": "00:00:27", "text": "another sign either shortly before or"}, {"end": "00:00:33", "start": "00:00:30", "text": "after"}, {"end": "00:00:35", "start": "00:00:31", "text": "erdogan the head of turkey will fall and"}, {"end": "00:00:37", "start": "00:00:33", "text": "this will be the sign of the great"}, {"end": "00:00:40", "start": "00:00:35", "text": "events that were mentioned in these"}, {"end": "00:00:40", "start": "00:00:37", "text": "prophecies"}, {"end": "00:01:20", "start": "00:01:16", "text": "[Music]"}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:29", "text": "r"}, {"end": "00:01:42", "start": "00:01:35", "text": "[Music]"}, {"end": "00:01:44", "start": "00:01:38", "text": "for so that is a fascinating video"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:42", "text": "Father Peter Hees is here with us uh"}, {"end": "00:01:49", "start": "00:01:44", "text": "could you please tell us a little bit"}, {"end": "00:01:51", "start": "00:01:46", "text": "more about who that man was Father Peter"}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:49", "text": "and uh and a little bit more about that"}, {"end": "00:01:56", "start": "00:01:51", "text": "prophecy so that is that is Metropolitan"}, {"end": "00:01:59", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "neus of moru he is a disciple and a"}, {"end": "00:02:03", "start": "00:01:56", "text": "close confident of several contemporary"}, {"end": "00:02:06", "start": "00:01:59", "text": "Orthodox Saints St pisos St pidos St"}, {"end": "00:02:09", "start": "00:02:03", "text": "yakos St amenos and he's labored all for"}, {"end": "00:02:11", "start": "00:02:06", "text": "the last 20 years to collect all of the"}, {"end": "00:02:13", "start": "00:02:09", "text": "prophecies that came down to us from"}, {"end": "00:02:16", "start": "00:02:11", "text": "these Saints and others throughout"}, {"end": "00:02:18", "start": "00:02:13", "text": "history and he is constantly teaching"}, {"end": "00:02:20", "start": "00:02:16", "text": "and telling the world what the Orthodox"}, {"end": "00:02:23", "start": "00:02:18", "text": "Saints have to say about the events that"}, {"end": "00:02:26", "start": "00:02:20", "text": "are coming could you talk a little bit a"}, {"end": "00:02:27", "start": "00:02:23", "text": "bit about the significance of turkey uh"}, {"end": "00:02:29", "start": "00:02:26", "text": "and and what do you think in light of"}, {"end": "00:02:32", "start": "00:02:27", "text": "the prophecies how will turkey's"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:29", "text": "involvement happen"}, {"end": "00:02:38", "start": "00:02:32", "text": "here well the key the key sign of the"}, {"end": "00:02:40", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "this disintegration of turkey will be"}, {"end": "00:02:42", "start": "00:02:38", "text": "the end of the erogan according to the"}, {"end": "00:02:45", "start": "00:02:40", "text": "prophecies and the new leadership will"}, {"end": "00:02:47", "start": "00:02:42", "text": "be inclined toward the west and they"}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:45", "text": "will do the bidding of the West and one"}, {"end": "00:02:51", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "of that the key thing that will happen"}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:49", "text": "was they will they will close the"}, {"end": "00:02:57", "start": "00:02:51", "text": "Straits uh and not allow the the Russian"}, {"end": "00:02:59", "start": "00:02:55", "text": "military to pass to go to the Middle"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:57", "text": "East where uh a lot of their interests"}, {"end": "00:03:06", "start": "00:02:59", "text": "will be at stake uh and that will happen"}, {"end": "00:03:09", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "during a a short war between turkey and"}, {"end": "00:03:12", "start": "00:03:06", "text": "Greece because that's a prerequisite for"}, {"end": "00:03:16", "start": "00:03:09", "text": "these Straits to be shut there must be a"}, {"end": "00:03:17", "start": "00:03:12", "text": "war uh uh Fair State going on otherwise"}, {"end": "00:03:20", "start": "00:03:16", "text": "they they're not justified by"}, {"end": "00:03:23", "start": "00:03:17", "text": "international law so the prophecies are"}, {"end": "00:03:26", "start": "00:03:20", "text": "that turkey will strike Greece over a"}, {"end": "00:03:28", "start": "00:03:23", "text": "the disputed six miles between the two"}, {"end": "00:03:30", "start": "00:03:26", "text": "countries and they have long had this"}, {"end": "00:03:34", "start": "00:03:28", "text": "dispute well-known dispute going back"}, {"end": "00:03:36", "start": "00:03:30", "text": "decades and decades and uh the the uhu"}, {"end": "00:03:38", "start": "00:03:34", "text": "they will get the nod for this because"}, {"end": "00:03:40", "start": "00:03:36", "text": "ultimately it's it will be in the best"}, {"end": "00:03:44", "start": "00:03:38", "text": "interest of NATO to shut the Straits and"}, {"end": "00:03:47", "start": "00:03:40", "text": "keep Russia out uh from the Middle East"}, {"end": "00:03:49", "start": "00:03:44", "text": "and so this this is all very much"}, {"end": "00:03:51", "start": "00:03:47", "text": "whereas 20 years ago 15 years ago we"}, {"end": "00:03:53", "start": "00:03:49", "text": "would hard it would be hard to see these"}, {"end": "00:03:55", "start": "00:03:51", "text": "things as possibly materializing even"}, {"end": "00:03:58", "start": "00:03:53", "text": "though the prophecies go back many many"}, {"end": "00:04:00", "start": "00:03:55", "text": "decades St P's reposed 30 years ago and"}, {"end": "00:04:03", "start": "00:03:58", "text": "he was saying these things now you can"}, {"end": "00:04:06", "start": "00:04:00", "text": "see them literally in front of us uh"}, {"end": "00:04:08", "start": "00:04:03", "text": "erdogan's party has has largely lost"}, {"end": "00:04:10", "start": "00:04:06", "text": "power in the last elections he has said"}, {"end": "00:04:13", "start": "00:04:08", "text": "he's going to step down and now we're on"}, {"end": "00:04:16", "start": "00:04:10", "text": "the verge of possibly uh the the attack"}, {"end": "00:04:20", "start": "00:04:13", "text": "on Iran's nuclear facilities which is"}, {"end": "00:04:23", "start": "00:04:16", "text": "also set as a sign to provoke um the uh"}, {"end": "00:04:26", "start": "00:04:20", "text": "the larger War so turkey's according to"}, {"end": "00:04:29", "start": "00:04:23", "text": "the prophecies at the center uh of of"}, {"end": "00:04:33", "start": "00:04:26", "text": "all the development going"}, {"end": "00:04:33", "start": "00:04:29", "text": "forward for"}, {"end": "00:04:52", "start": "00:04:44", "text": "[Music]"}]

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\u0437\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u044f \u0431\u0438"}, {"end": "00:04:06", "start": "00:03:58", "text": "\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0438"}, {"end": "00:04:08", "start": "00:04:04", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438"}, {"end": "00:04:13", "start": "00:04:06", "text": "\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442"}, {"end": "00:04:17", "start": "00:04:08", "text": "\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:13", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "00:04:25", "start": "00:04:17", "text": "\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 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"\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:06:36", "start": "00:06:31", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:06:39", "start": "00:06:34", "text": "\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433"}, {"end": "00:06:42", "start": "00:06:36", "text": "\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0435"}, {"end": "00:06:47", "start": "00:06:39", "text": "1915 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "00:06:50", "start": "00:06:42", "text": "\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e"}, {"end": "00:06:54", "start": 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\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 15\u0442\u0430 \u0438 16\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "00:07:13", "start": "00:07:09", "text": "\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433"}, {"end": "00:07:17", "start": "00:07:11", "text": "\u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "00:07:20", "start": "00:07:13", "text": "\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440"}, {"end": "00:07:25", "start": "00:07:17", "text": "\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432"}, {"end": "00:07:28", "start": "00:07:20", "text": "\u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0448 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:25", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0448\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:07:38", "start": "00:07:28", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:07:41", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438"}, {"end": "00:07:41", "start": "00:07:38", "text": "\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:07:46", "start": "00:07:42", "text": "\u0430"}, {"end": "00:07:51", "start": "00:07:43", "text": "\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "00:07:53", "start": 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\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438"}, {"end": "00:08:11", "start": "00:08:05", "text": "\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0438"}, {"end": "00:08:16", "start": "00:08:08", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e"}, {"end": "00:08:19", "start": "00:08:11", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438"}, {"end": "00:08:23", "start": "00:08:16", "text": "\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:08:28", "start": "00:08:19", "text": "\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432"}, {"end": "00:08:32", "start": "00:08:23", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "00:08:33", "start": "00:08:28", "text": "\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442 320-\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "00:08:37", "start": "00:08:32", "text": "\u0441\u044a"}, {"end": "00:08:42", "start": "00:08:33", "text": "148 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:37", "text": "\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:08:47", "start": "00:08:42", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "00:08:52", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e"}, {"end": "00:08:57", "start": "00:08:47", "text": "\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u044f"}, {"end": "00:09:00", "start": "00:08:52", "text": "\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": 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\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c"}, {"end": "00:09:22", "start": "00:09:16", "text": "\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0448"}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:20", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "00:09:27", "start": "00:09:22", "text": "\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0436"}, {"end": "00:09:30", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:09:34", "start": "00:09:27", "text": "\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435"}, {"end": "00:09:37", "start": "00:09:30", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "00:09:42", "start": "00:09:34", "text": "\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:09:45", "start": "00:09:37", "text": "\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:42", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440"}, {"end": "00:09:53", "start": "00:09:45", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438"}, {"end": "00:09:55", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0430\u043b \u0438 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"\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:10", "text": "\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "00:10:19", "start": "00:10:14", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "00:10:23", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "\u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "00:10:28", "start": "00:10:19", "text": "\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:23", "text": "\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438"}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:28", "text": "\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435"}, {"end": "00:10:41", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "862 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:36", "text": "\u043f\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "00:10:46", "start": "00:10:41", "text": "216 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:46", "text": "\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0439"}, {"end": 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\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "00:12:36", "start": "00:12:32", "text": "\u0441\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "00:12:46", "start": "00:12:38", "text": "\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "00:12:50", "start": "00:12:41", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "00:12:54", "start": "00:12:46", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438"}, {"end": "00:12:58", "start": "00:12:50", "text": "\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u043e"}, {"end": "00:13:03", "start": "00:12:54", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435"}, {"end": "00:13:07", "start": "00:12:58", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:13:10", "start": "00:13:03", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0435 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"\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0438"}, {"end": "00:21:03", "start": "00:20:55", "text": "200 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "00:21:06", "start": "00:21:00", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "00:21:09", "start": "00:21:03", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438"}, {"end": "00:21:12", "start": "00:21:06", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 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\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "00:21:38", "start": "00:21:31", "text": "\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:21:43", "start": "00:21:34", "text": "\u0440\u043d\u0434 \u0440\u043d\u0441 \u0445\u0435\u0440\u0446\u043e\u0433\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "00:21:47", "start": "00:21:38", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u0443"}, {"end": "00:21:50", "start": "00:21:43", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "00:21:50", "start": "00:21:47", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441"}, {"end": "00:22:02", "start": "00:21:50", "text": "\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435"}, {"end": "00:22:05", "start": "00:21:55", "text": "\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 700 800 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "00:22:08", "start": "00:22:02", "text": "862 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:22:13", "start": "00:22:05", "text": "\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0435"}, {"end": "00:22:16", "start": "00:22:08", "text": 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\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0430"}, {"end": "00:22:40", "start": "00:22:29", "text": "\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442"}, {"end": "00:22:41", "start": "00:22:33", "text": "\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437"}, {"end": "00:22:45", "start": "00:22:40", "text": "\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a"}, {"end": "00:22:50", "start": "00:22:41", "text": "\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e"}, {"end": "00:22:50", "start": "00:22:45", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442"}, {"end": "00:23:02", "start": "00:22:58", "text": "\u0449\u043e \u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442"}, {"end": "00:23:09", "start": "00:23:06", "text": "[\u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430]"}, {"end": "00:23:16", "start": "00:23:13", "text": "[\u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430]"}, {"end": "00:23:30", "start": "00:23:26", "text": "[\u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430]"}, {"end": "00:23:30", "start": "00:23:28", "text": "\u0444\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442"}, {"end": "00:23:35", "start": "00:23:32", "text": "[\u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430]"}, {"end": "00:23:47", "start": "00:23:44", "text": "[\u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430]"}, {"end": "00:23:57", "start": "00:23:54", "text": "[\u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430]"}, {"end": "00:24:02", "start": "00:23:59", "text": "\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:06", "start": "00:24:00", "text": "\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "00:24:09", "start": "00:24:02", "text": "\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0443\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:12", "start": "00:24:06", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:16", "start": "00:24:09", "text": "\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0448\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:21", "start": "00:24:12", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "00:24:25", "start": "00:24:16", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:29", "start": "00:24:21", "text": "\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:32", "start": "00:24:25", "text": "\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u0438\u043a \u0442\u043e\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u043a\u043e\u044f \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0443"}, {"end": "00:24:34", "start": "00:24:29", "text": "\u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:37", "start": "00:24:32", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "00:24:39", "start": "00:24:34", "text": "\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:43", "start": "00:24:37", "text": "\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "00:24:43", "start": "00:24:39", "text": "\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442"}, {"end": "00:25:06", "start": "00:24:58", "text": "148 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435"}, {"end": "00:25:11", "start": "00:25:03", "text": "861 \u0432\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435"}, {"end": "00:25:15", "start": "00:25:06", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0435\u0441\u0442 10"}, {"end": "00:25:18", "start": "00:25:11", "text": "\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435"}, {"end": "00:25:22", "start": "00:25:15", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441"}, {"end": "00:25:26", "start": "00:25:18", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0438"}, {"end": "00:25:26", "start": "00:25:22", "text": "\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435"}, {"end": 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"\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b"}, {"end": "00:26:17", "start": "00:26:08", "text": "\u043b\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b"}, {"end": "00:26:19", "start": "00:26:12", "text": "\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438"}, {"end": "00:26:23", "start": "00:26:17", "text": "\u044f\u0441 \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e"}, {"end": "00:26:26", "start": "00:26:19", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "00:26:28", "start": "00:26:23", "text": "\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "00:26:32", "start": "00:26:26", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0449\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:26:35", "start": "00:26:28", "text": "\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435"}, {"end": "00:26:36", "start": "00:26:32", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442"}, {"end": "00:26:41", "start": "00:26:35", "text": "\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "00:26:42", "start": "00:26:36", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0438"}, {"end": "00:26:46", "start": "00:26:41", "text": "\u043e\u0432\u0438"}, {"end": "00:26:51", "start": "00:26:42", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "00:26:56", "start": "00:26:46", "text": "\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0448"}, {"end": "00:27:02", "start": "00:26:51", "text": "\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043e\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438"}, {"end": "00:27:05", "start": "00:26:56", "text": 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\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0448 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "00:27:26", "start": "00:27:18", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435"}, {"end": "00:27:26", "start": "00:27:22", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0435 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435"}, {"end": "00:27:33", "start": "00:27:28", "text": "\u0441\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "00:27:37", "start": "00:27:30", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a"}, {"end": "00:27:42", "start": "00:27:33", "text": "\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435"}, {"end": "00:27:47", "start": "00:27:37", "text": "\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0448 \u0430\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "00:27:49", "start": "00:27:42", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d"}, {"end": "00:27:52", "start": "00:27:47", "text": "\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "00:27:52", "start": "00:27:49", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u0439"}, {"end": "00:28:02", "start": "00:27:57", "text": "\u0431\u0438\u043b"}, {"end": "00:28:05", "start": "00:27:58", "text": "\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e \u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "00:28:09", "start": 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"start": "00:31:00", "text": "40 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0439"}, {"end": "00:31:10", "start": "00:31:06", "text": "\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0442 \u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "00:31:18", "start": "00:31:10", "text": "\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0441"}, {"end": "00:31:22", "start": "00:31:13", "text": "\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "00:31:27", "start": "00:31:18", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e 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{"end": "00:58:50", "start": "00:58:45", "text": "\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0444\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:59:00", "start": "00:58:51", "text": "\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438 \u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u043e"}, {"end": "00:59:04", "start": "00:58:55", "text": "\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:59:09", "start": "00:59:00", "text": "\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435"}, {"end": "00:59:13", "start": "00:59:04", "text": "\u0441\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "00:59:17", "start": "00:59:09", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435"}, {"end": "00:59:20", "start": "00:59:13", "text": "\u0441\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "00:59:24", "start": "00:59:17", "text": "\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 180 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d"}, {"end": "00:59:28", "start": "00:59:20", "text": "189 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438"}, {"end": "00:59:30", "start": "00:59:24", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "00:59:35", "start": "00:59:28", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "00:59:39", "start": "00:59:30", "text": "\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438"}, {"end": "00:59:45", "start": "00:59:35", "text": "\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d"}, {"end": "00:59:46", "start": "00:59:39", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u0435"}, {"end": "00:59:52", "start": "00:59:45", "text": "\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438"}, {"end": "00:59:56", "start": "00:59:46", "text": "\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "00:59:58", "start": "00:59:52", "text": "\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0434"}, {"end": "01:00:00", "start": "00:59:56", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432"}, {"end": "01:00:04", "start": "00:59:58", "text": "180 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d"}, {"end": "01:00:10", "start": "01:00:00", "text": "189 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:00:12", "start": "01:00:04", "text": "\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "01:00:18", "start": "01:00:10", "text": "\u0441\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442"}, {"end": "01:00:23", "start": "01:00:12", "text": "\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:00:26", "start": "01:00:18", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "01:00:30", "start": "01:00:23", "text": "\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "01:00:33", "start": "01:00:26", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435"}, {"end": "01:00:36", "start": "01:00:30", "text": "\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435"}, {"end": "01:00:40", "start": "01:00:33", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d"}, {"end": "01:00:43", "start": "01:00:36", "text": "\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0448 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "01:00:45", "start": "01:00:40", "text": "\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0448 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u043e \u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435"}, {"end": "01:00:50", "start": 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\u0444\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:01:12", "start": "01:01:04", "text": "\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d"}, {"end": "01:01:16", "start": "01:01:07", "text": "\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 17"}, {"end": "01:01:19", "start": "01:01:12", "text": "\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 18 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "01:01:23", "start": "01:01:16", "text": "\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442"}, {"end": "01:01:26", "start": "01:01:19", "text": "\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 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\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u044f"}, {"end": "01:02:04", "start": "01:01:57", "text": "\u0449\u043e \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e"}, {"end": "01:02:08", "start": "01:02:00", "text": "\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435 \u0434\u0430"}, {"end": "01:02:11", "start": "01:02:04", "text": "\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:02:15", "start": "01:02:08", "text": "\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043b"}, {"end": "01:02:18", "start": "01:02:11", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0448 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432"}, {"end": "01:02:21", "start": "01:02:15", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c"}, {"end": "01:02:26", "start": "01:02:18", "text": "\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436 \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:02:30", "start": "01:02:21", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0433\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442"}, {"end": "01:02:31", "start": "01:02:26", "text": "\u0441\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442 200 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438 100 \u043c\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0438"}, {"end": "01:02:36", "start": "01:02:30", "text": "100"}, {"end": "01:02:38", "start": "01:02:31", "text": "\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:02:44", "start": "01:02:36", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:02:47", "start": "01:02:38", "text": "\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434"}, {"end": "01:02:51", "start": "01:02:44", "text": "\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438"}, {"end": "01:02:56", "start": "01:02:47", "text": "\u044f\u0437\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0439"}, {"end": "01:02:56", "start": "01:02:51", "text": "\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438"}, {"end": "01:03:07", "start": "01:02:56", "text": "\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0439\u0449\u0435 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043b \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "01:03:09", "start": "01:03:02", "text": "\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:03:14", "start": "01:03:07", "text": "\u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "01:03:16", "start": "01:03:09", "text": "\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u044a\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:03:19", "start": "01:03:14", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "01:03:23", "start": "01:03:16", "text": "\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e"}, {"end": "01:03:26", "start": "01:03:19", "text": "\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:03:31", "start": "01:03:23", "text": "\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:03:32", "start": "01:03:26", "text": "\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438"}, {"end": "01:03:38", "start": "01:03:31", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:03:42", "start": "01:03:32", "text": "\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:03:46", "start": "01:03:38", "text": "\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "01:03:51", "start": "01:03:42", "text": "\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435"}, {"end": "01:03:54", "start": "01:03:46", "text": "\u0448\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434 \u0438\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430 \u0430"}, {"end": "01:03:55", "start": "01:03:51", "text": "\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0446\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "01:03:59", "start": "01:03:54", "text": "\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:04:04", "start": "01:03:55", "text": "\u0441\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "01:04:06", "start": "01:03:59", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:04:12", "start": "01:04:04", "text": "\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "01:04:14", "start": "01:04:06", "text": "\u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "01:04:20", "start": "01:04:12", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430"}, {"end": "01:04:22", "start": "01:04:14", "text": "\u043c\u0443 \u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "01:04:26", "start": "01:04:20", "text": "\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "01:04:28", "start": "01:04:22", "text": "\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0448\u043e\u043a"}, {"end": "01:04:32", "start": "01:04:26", "text": "\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435"}, {"end": "01:04:33", "start": "01:04:28", "text": "\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435"}, {"end": "01:04:38", "start": "01:04:32", "text": "\u0432\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:04:43", "start": "01:04:33", "text": "\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:04:45", "start": "01:04:38", "text": "\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 300"}, {"end": "01:04:45", "start": "01:04:43", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:04:55", "start": "01:04:48", "text": "\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430"}, {"end": "01:04:59", "start": "01:04:52", "text": "\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0441"}, {"end": "01:05:02", "start": "01:04:55", "text": "\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438 8090 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "01:05:04", "start": "01:04:59", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u043b 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\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 300-\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:05:26", "start": "01:05:18", "text": "\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0438"}, {"end": "01:05:26", "start": "01:05:20", "text": "\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043b\u043e"}, {"end": "01:05:38", "start": "01:05:26", "text": "\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f"}, {"end": "01:05:40", "start": "01:05:30", "text": "\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:05:43", "start": "01:05:38", "text": 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\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "01:07:12", "start": "01:07:05", "text": "\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e"}, {"end": "01:07:16", "start": "01:07:08", "text": "\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438"}, {"end": "01:07:20", "start": "01:07:12", "text": "\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a \u0443\u0449\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0448 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c"}, {"end": "01:07:25", "start": "01:07:16", "text": "\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b 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\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0448 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:17:27", "start": "01:17:24", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440"}, {"end": "01:17:37", "start": "01:17:28", "text": "\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430"}, {"end": "01:17:42", "start": "01:17:33", "text": "\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0430\u0437 \u0431\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0431\u0442"}, {"end": "01:17:46", "start": "01:17:37", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430"}, {"end": "01:17:49", "start": "01:17:42", "text": 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{"end": "01:18:08", "start": "01:18:05", "text": "\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "01:18:15", "start": "01:18:07", "text": "\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430"}, {"end": "01:18:19", "start": "01:18:08", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:18:23", "start": "01:18:15", "text": "\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "01:18:26", "start": "01:18:19", "text": "\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 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"\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u043a"}, {"end": "01:19:19", "start": "01:19:12", "text": "\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0446\u0438"}, {"end": "01:19:23", "start": "01:19:16", "text": "\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438"}, {"end": "01:19:28", "start": "01:19:19", "text": "\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:19:31", "start": "01:19:23", "text": "\u0441\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:19:36", "start": "01:19:28", "text": "\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 200"}, {"end": "01:19:39", "start": "01:19:31", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043e"}, {"end": "01:19:42", "start": "01:19:36", "text": "\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "01:19:46", "start": "01:19:39", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e"}, {"end": "01:19:48", "start": "01:19:42", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439"}, {"end": "01:19:50", "start": "01:19:46", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u0433\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b"}, {"end": "01:19:53", "start": "01:19:48", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442"}, {"end": "01:19:56", "start": "01:19:50", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0430"}, {"end": "01:20:03", "start": "01:19:53", "text": "\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "01:20:06", "start": "01:19:56", "text": "1947 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:20:11", "start": "01:20:03", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0446 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "01:20:17", "start": "01:20:06", "text": "\u0440\u0430\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d"}, {"end": "01:20:21", "start": "01:20:11", "text": "\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e 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\u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:21:14", "start": "01:21:05", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434"}, {"end": "01:21:17", "start": "01:21:08", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0430 \u0449\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "01:21:22", "start": "01:21:14", "text": "\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "01:21:25", "start": "01:21:17", "text": "\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "01:21:32", "start": "01:21:22", "text": "\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:21:37", "start": "01:21:25", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e"}, {"end": "01:21:37", "start": "01:21:32", "text": "\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:21:46", "start": "01:21:37", "text": "\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:21:50", "start": "01:21:42", "text": "\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438"}, {"end": "01:21:53", "start": "01:21:46", "text": "\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0448 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:21:55", "start": "01:21:50", "text": "\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u043a"}, {"end": "01:22:00", "start": "01:21:53", "text": "\u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435"}, {"end": "01:22:04", "start": "01:21:55", "text": "\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 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"\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0438"}, {"end": "01:27:27", "start": "01:27:17", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:27:31", "start": "01:27:22", "text": "\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:27:32", "start": "01:27:27", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "01:27:34", "start": "01:27:31", "text": "\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "01:27:38", "start": "01:27:32", "text": "\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "01:27:41", "start": "01:27:34", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043b \u0432"}, {"end": "01:27:45", "start": "01:27:38", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e"}, {"end": "01:27:50", "start": "01:27:41", "text": "\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0432\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:27:55", "start": "01:27:45", "text": "\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432"}, {"end": "01:27:59", "start": "01:27:50", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438 \u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0438"}, {"end": "01:28:02", "start": "01:27:55", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0438"}, {"end": "01:28:05", "start": "01:27:59", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438"}, {"end": "01:28:07", "start": "01:28:02", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438"}, {"end": "01:28:10", "start": "01:28:05", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d"}, {"end": "01:28:15", "start": "01:28:07", "text": "\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430"}, {"end": "01:28:16", "start": "01:28:10", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e 1923 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:28:21", "start": "01:28:15", "text": "\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438"}, {"end": "01:28:21", "start": "01:28:16", "text": "\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:28:31", "start": "01:28:21", "text": "\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:28:34", "start": "01:28:26", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:28:39", "start": "01:28:31", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043c"}, {"end": "01:28:43", "start": "01:28:34", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043c\u0443"}, {"end": "01:28:47", "start": "01:28:39", "text": "\u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e"}, {"end": "01:28:50", "start": "01:28:43", "text": "\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 20 000"}, {"end": "01:28:53", "start": "01:28:47", "text": 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\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:29:15", "start": "01:29:06", "text": "\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 20"}, {"end": "01:29:19", "start": "01:29:11", "text": "000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0448 \u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 20 000"}, {"end": "01:29:24", "start": "01:29:15", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0438"}, {"end": "01:29:27", "start": "01:29:19", "text": "\u043c\u0438\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b"}, {"end": "01:29:30", "start": "01:29:24", "text": "\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b"}, {"end": "01:29:35", "start": "01:29:27", "text": "\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d"}, {"end": "01:29:37", "start": "01:29:30", "text": "\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435"}, {"end": "01:29:39", "start": "01:29:35", "text": "\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441"}, {"end": "01:29:41", "start": "01:29:37", "text": "1914 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d"}, {"end": "01:29:43", "start": "01:29:39", "text": "\u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:29:47", "start": "01:29:41", "text": "\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435"}, {"end": "01:29:53", "start": "01:29:43", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438"}, {"end": "01:29:56", "start": "01:29:47", "text": "\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:30:01", "start": "01:29:53", "text": "\u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:30:04", "start": "01:29:56", "text": "\u043d\u0438\u0437 \u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0439"}, {"end": "01:30:06", "start": "01:30:01", "text": "\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0442"}, {"end": "01:30:12", "start": "01:30:04", "text": "\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430"}, {"end": "01:30:17", "start": "01:30:06", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b \u043e\u0442 4000"}, {"end": "01:30:21", "start": "01:30:12", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0437 \u044f\u0437 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:30:23", "start": "01:30:17", "text": "\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0438\u0449\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430"}, {"end": "01:30:29", "start": "01:30:21", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:30:32", "start": "01:30:23", "text": "\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 20 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438"}, {"end": "01:30:37", "start": "01:30:29", "text": "\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e"}, {"end": "01:30:41", "start": "01:30:32", "text": "\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435 20 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e 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\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "01:30:57", "start": "01:30:51", "text": "\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442"}, {"end": "01:31:00", "start": "01:30:54", "text": "\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0448 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0448"}, {"end": "01:31:02", "start": "01:30:57", "text": "\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435"}, {"end": "01:31:04", "start": "01:31:00", "text": "\u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438"}, {"end": "01:31:08", "start": "01:31:02", "text": "\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f \u0438 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:31:12", "start": "01:31:04", "text": "\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430 20 000"}, {"end": "01:31:17", "start": "01:31:08", "text": "\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:31:20", "start": "01:31:12", "text": "\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u044f\u0437 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0430"}, {"end": "01:31:22", "start": "01:31:17", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0440\u043e"}, {"end": "01:31:26", "start": "01:31:20", "text": "\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430"}, {"end": "01:31:28", "start": "01:31:22", "text": "\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "01:31:33", "start": "01:31:26", "text": "\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:31:39", "start": "01:31:28", "text": "\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437"}, {"end": "01:31:39", "start": "01:31:33", "text": "\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043b"}, {"end": "01:31:48", "start": "01:31:39", "text": "\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043d\u0435"}, {"end": "01:31:50", "start": "01:31:43", "text": "\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043d"}, {"end": "01:31:52", "start": "01:31:48", "text": "\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0440"}, {"end": "01:31:58", "start": "01:31:50", "text": "\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430"}, {"end": "01:32:02", "start": "01:31:52", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e 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"start": "01:33:00", "text": "\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d"}, {"end": "01:33:09", "start": "01:33:05", "text": "\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "01:33:12", "start": "01:33:07", "text": "\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "01:33:14", "start": "01:33:09", "text": "\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:33:21", "start": "01:33:12", "text": "\u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438"}, {"end": "01:33:24", "start": "01:33:14", "text": "\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438"}, {"end": "01:33:29", "start": "01:33:21", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "01:33:30", "start": "01:33:24", "text": "\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0433\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0438"}, {"end": "01:33:34", "start": "01:33:29", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0432\u0430"}, {"end": "01:33:37", "start": "01:33:30", "text": "\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435"}, {"end": "01:33:40", "start": "01:33:34", "text": "\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442"}, {"end": "01:33:44", "start": "01:33:37", "text": "\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:33:48", "start": "01:33:40", "text": "\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "01:33:52", "start": "01:33:44", "text": "\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0448 \u0442\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f"}, {"end": "01:33:58", "start": "01:33:48", "text": "\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u044f\u0442 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\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e"}, {"end": "01:35:34", "start": "01:35:29", "text": "\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u043e\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435 \u0438 10"}, {"end": "01:35:43", "start": "01:35:34", "text": "\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435"}, {"end": "01:35:48", "start": "01:35:38", "text": "118 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u043a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d"}, {"end": "01:35:49", "start": "01:35:43", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0435\u043d \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:35:54", "start": "01:35:48", "text": "\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c\u0443"}, {"end": "01:35:55", "start": "01:35:49", "text": "\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0446\u0438 \u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b"}, {"end": "01:35:59", "start": "01:35:54", "text": "\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "01:36:03", "start": "01:35:55", "text": "\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0438"}, {"end": "01:36:05", "start": "01:35:59", "text": "7 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440"}, {"end": "01:36:07", "start": "01:36:03", "text": "\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043e 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"\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440"}, {"end": "01:37:10", "start": "01:37:02", "text": "\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:37:13", "start": "01:37:06", "text": "\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u0444 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430"}, {"end": "01:37:16", "start": "01:37:10", "text": "\u0434\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0430 \u0448 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430"}, {"end": "01:37:19", "start": "01:37:13", "text": "\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430"}, 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\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0444\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435"}, {"end": "01:49:31", "start": "01:49:26", "text": "\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0439 \u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043d"}, {"end": "01:49:41", "start": "01:49:31", "text": "\u044f\u0441 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e"}, {"end": "01:49:44", "start": "01:49:36", "text": "\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0449\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e"}, {"end": "01:49:48", "start": "01:49:41", "text": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442"}, {"end": "01:49:52", "start": "01:49:44", "text": 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[{"end": "00:00:04", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "right now the Chinese Communist party"}, {"end": "00:00:06", "start": "00:00:02", "text": "and the United States are fighting a"}, {"end": "00:00:08", "start": "00:00:04", "text": "hidden spy war against one another and"}, {"end": "00:00:11", "start": "00:00:06", "text": "on the front lines of this battle for"}, {"end": "00:00:14", "start": "00:00:08", "text": "China is their shadowy Ministry of State"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:11", "text": "security also known as the MSS we'll see"}, {"end": "00:00:19", "start": "00:00:14", "text": "how this agency has a long history of"}, {"end": "00:00:21", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "brutal political purges and"}, {"end": "00:00:23", "start": "00:00:19", "text": "interrogation tactics it's one of the"}, {"end": "00:00:25", "start": "00:00:21", "text": "world's largest and most secretive"}, {"end": "00:00:29", "start": "00:00:23", "text": "agencies of all for context they're said"}, {"end": "00:00:31", "start": "00:00:25", "text": "to have an estimated 110,000 agents"}, {"end": "00:00:33", "start": "00:00:29", "text": "compared to the cia's rough"}, {"end": "00:00:37", "start": "00:00:31", "text": "21,000 it's like their version of the"}, {"end": "00:00:39", "start": "00:00:33", "text": "FBI and the CIA all rolled up into one"}, {"end": "00:00:41", "start": "00:00:37", "text": "they have both a domestic and a foreign"}, {"end": "00:00:43", "start": "00:00:39", "text": "Mission Under One Roof at least that's"}, {"end": "00:00:45", "start": "00:00:41", "text": "how this partially redacted document"}, {"end": "00:00:48", "start": "00:00:43", "text": "from the US justice department describes"}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "it but not many people in the west even"}, {"end": "00:00:52", "start": "00:00:48", "text": "know about their history that informs"}, {"end": "00:00:54", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "many of their tactics that they use"}, {"end": "00:00:56", "start": "00:00:52", "text": "today not many people know about some of"}, {"end": "00:00:58", "start": "00:00:54", "text": "the most Brazen intelligence missions"}, {"end": "00:01:01", "start": "00:00:56", "text": "that they've pulled off where they've"}, {"end": "00:01:03", "start": "00:00:58", "text": "targeted and killed dozens of CIA agents"}, {"end": "00:01:06", "start": "00:01:01", "text": "in their country including in brutal"}, {"end": "00:01:09", "start": "00:01:03", "text": "public executions the way it works is"}, {"end": "00:01:11", "start": "00:01:06", "text": "the MSS has control of its own separate"}, {"end": "00:01:13", "start": "00:01:09", "text": "police force called the State security"}, {"end": "00:01:15", "start": "00:01:11", "text": "police which is a component of the"}, {"end": "00:01:17", "start": "00:01:13", "text": "people's armed police I actually"}, {"end": "00:01:18", "start": "00:01:15", "text": "recently got into an argument with a"}, {"end": "00:01:21", "start": "00:01:17", "text": "member of China's people's armed police"}, {"end": "00:01:23", "start": "00:01:18", "text": "on Twitter with their quasi unofficial"}, {"end": "00:01:25", "start": "00:01:21", "text": "account that has over 100,000 followers"}, {"end": "00:01:27", "start": "00:01:23", "text": "I directly messaged him and asked if I"}, {"end": "00:01:29", "start": "00:01:25", "text": "could come and visit and observe their"}, {"end": "00:01:31", "start": "00:01:27", "text": "military training in China he said that"}, {"end": "00:01:33", "start": "00:01:29", "text": "they're aware of of who I am and the"}, {"end": "00:01:35", "start": "00:01:31", "text": "geopolitical tensions between our"}, {"end": "00:01:36", "start": "00:01:33", "text": "countries meant that it was impossible"}, {"end": "00:01:38", "start": "00:01:35", "text": "so it's good to know that the MSS is"}, {"end": "00:01:40", "start": "00:01:36", "text": "watching my work even if it might just"}, {"end": "00:01:42", "start": "00:01:38", "text": "be hate watching he did mention some"}, {"end": "00:01:44", "start": "00:01:40", "text": "interesting things though he said that"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:42", "text": "the MSS is responsible for both internal"}, {"end": "00:01:48", "start": "00:01:44", "text": "and external roles and they're now"}, {"end": "00:01:51", "start": "00:01:46", "text": "granted with limited law enforcement"}, {"end": "00:01:53", "start": "00:01:48", "text": "rights in China I tried to turn him into"}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:51", "text": "an asset for the West at that point but"}, {"end": "00:01:56", "start": "00:01:53", "text": "he said that I wouldn't be able to get"}, {"end": "00:01:58", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "any secrets out of him fair enough but"}, {"end": "00:02:01", "start": "00:01:56", "text": "how can you tell an MSS agent apart from"}, {"end": "00:02:03", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "their people's armed police take a look"}, {"end": "00:02:05", "start": "00:02:01", "text": "at this seal you can see the emblem of"}, {"end": "00:02:07", "start": "00:02:03", "text": "the Chinese Communist party and their"}, {"end": "00:02:09", "start": "00:02:05", "text": "official uniform it's identical to the"}, {"end": "00:02:11", "start": "00:02:07", "text": "people's police except one small"}, {"end": "00:02:14", "start": "00:02:09", "text": "difference that lets you tell them apart"}, {"end": "00:02:17", "start": "00:02:11", "text": "it says State security on the patch the"}, {"end": "00:02:19", "start": "00:02:14", "text": "MSS in China has a clear Mission they"}, {"end": "00:02:21", "start": "00:02:17", "text": "manage local political dissidents and"}, {"end": "00:02:23", "start": "00:02:19", "text": "they counter foreign intelligence"}, {"end": "00:02:25", "start": "00:02:21", "text": "operations that are made by like the CIA"}, {"end": "00:02:26", "start": "00:02:23", "text": "and if you stick around till the end"}, {"end": "00:02:28", "start": "00:02:25", "text": "I'll get into some of their most modern"}, {"end": "00:02:30", "start": "00:02:26", "text": "missions that they pull off recently I"}, {"end": "00:02:32", "start": "00:02:28", "text": "try to stay as objective as POS possible"}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:30", "text": "on geopolitical topics but the"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:32", "text": "oversimplification of complex situations"}, {"end": "00:02:38", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "in today's news especially on social"}, {"end": "00:02:40", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "media can make that really hard and"}, {"end": "00:02:43", "start": "00:02:38", "text": "that's why I swear by ground news ground"}, {"end": "00:02:45", "start": "00:02:40", "text": "news is a website browser plug-in and an"}, {"end": "00:02:47", "start": "00:02:43", "text": "app created to make reading the news"}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:45", "text": "more transparent it compiles news from"}, {"end": "00:02:52", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "thousands of local and international"}, {"end": "00:02:54", "start": "00:02:49", "text": "Outlets so you can see the bias factual"}, {"end": "00:02:56", "start": "00:02:52", "text": "reliability and ownership of every"}, {"end": "00:02:58", "start": "00:02:54", "text": "Source take this story we covered"}, {"end": "00:03:01", "start": "00:02:56", "text": "recently about a potential new Chinese"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:58", "text": "Radar Site in Cuba on ground news I have"}, {"end": "00:03:06", "start": "00:03:01", "text": "access to over 50 articles that covered"}, {"end": "00:03:08", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "the story and this makes it easy to flip"}, {"end": "00:03:10", "start": "00:03:06", "text": "between headlines to see how different"}, {"end": "00:03:12", "start": "00:03:08", "text": "biases shape the narrative if you only"}, {"end": "00:03:14", "start": "00:03:10", "text": "read news from a handful of outlets you"}, {"end": "00:03:16", "start": "00:03:12", "text": "could completely miss this story and"}, {"end": "00:03:19", "start": "00:03:14", "text": "that's why their blind spot feature is"}, {"end": "00:03:21", "start": "00:03:16", "text": "dedicated to showing stories with skewed"}, {"end": "00:03:23", "start": "00:03:19", "text": "coverage like this so if you're serious"}, {"end": "00:03:26", "start": "00:03:21", "text": "about staying informed like I am go to"}, {"end": "00:03:28", "start": "00:03:23", "text": "ground. news/ task they're offering"}, {"end": "00:03:31", "start": "00:03:26", "text": "their best discount of the Year"}, {"end": "00:03:34", "start": "00:03:28", "text": "exclusive to task viewers for 50% off"}, {"end": "00:03:36", "start": "00:03:31", "text": "their best plan Vantage which unlocks"}, {"end": "00:03:37", "start": "00:03:34", "text": "all these features the roots of the"}, {"end": "00:03:39", "start": "00:03:36", "text": "ministry of State security can be traced"}, {"end": "00:03:41", "start": "00:03:37", "text": "all the way back to an organization"}, {"end": "00:03:43", "start": "00:03:39", "text": "known as the central special Branch"}, {"end": "00:03:46", "start": "00:03:41", "text": "established in 1928 it was initially"}, {"end": "00:03:48", "start": "00:03:43", "text": "founded by a man named joean li who"}, {"end": "00:03:49", "start": "00:03:46", "text": "would later go on to serve as the first"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:48", "text": "premere of the People's Republic of"}, {"end": "00:03:54", "start": "00:03:49", "text": "China during the early 1930s the central"}, {"end": "00:03:57", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "special Branch carried out covert"}, {"end": "00:03:59", "start": "00:03:54", "text": "operations in Shanghai which was a hot"}, {"end": "00:04:01", "start": "00:03:57", "text": "bed of international political Intrigue"}, {"end": "00:04:04", "start": "00:03:59", "text": "many of China's Intelligence Officers"}, {"end": "00:04:07", "start": "00:04:01", "text": "today see this as kind of the origin of"}, {"end": "00:04:09", "start": "00:04:04", "text": "their group kind of like how CIA agents"}, {"end": "00:04:13", "start": "00:04:07", "text": "might look back and see the OSS of World"}, {"end": "00:04:15", "start": "00:04:09", "text": "War II as their initial Roots Joe en's"}, {"end": "00:04:18", "start": "00:04:13", "text": "main goal for the agency was to"}, {"end": "00:04:20", "start": "00:04:15", "text": "infiltrate their Rivals at the K Tang"}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:18", "text": "the K Tang was the dominant political"}, {"end": "00:04:24", "start": "00:04:20", "text": "power in China at the time that sought"}, {"end": "00:04:27", "start": "00:04:22", "text": "to suppress the communist movement this"}, {"end": "00:04:29", "start": "00:04:24", "text": "is where China early intelligence"}, {"end": "00:04:32", "start": "00:04:27", "text": "agencies cut their teeth in the book"}, {"end": "00:04:34", "start": "00:04:29", "text": "Chinese spies from Chairman Mao to Xi"}, {"end": "00:04:37", "start": "00:04:32", "text": "Jinping they state that in order to"}, {"end": "00:04:40", "start": "00:04:34", "text": "prevent leaks and limit damage caused by"}, {"end": "00:04:42", "start": "00:04:37", "text": "infiltration by national spies agents of"}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:40", "text": "techie were forbidden to have any"}, {"end": "00:04:46", "start": "00:04:42", "text": "relationship with other agents making"}, {"end": "00:04:48", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "the party so"}, {"end": "00:04:51", "start": "00:04:46", "text": "compartmentalized that many that work"}, {"end": "00:04:53", "start": "00:04:48", "text": "there never even knew the name of the"}, {"end": "00:04:56", "start": "00:04:51", "text": "organization only calling it by its"}, {"end": "00:04:59", "start": "00:04:53", "text": "nickname wuho dagger which was a"}, {"end": "00:05:02", "start": "00:04:56", "text": "reference to Joe and Li's n de gor or"}, {"end": "00:05:03", "start": "00:04:59", "text": "War name but a trend would emerge it"}, {"end": "00:05:05", "start": "00:05:02", "text": "would start here and it would repeat"}, {"end": "00:05:07", "start": "00:05:03", "text": "many times as we'll see because the"}, {"end": "00:05:09", "start": "00:05:05", "text": "central special Branch was rebranded"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:07", "text": "into this Central Social Affairs"}, {"end": "00:05:14", "start": "00:05:09", "text": "department or sad in"}, {"end": "00:05:16", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "1936 this is something you see a lot in"}, {"end": "00:05:18", "start": "00:05:14", "text": "intelligence agencies actually American"}, {"end": "00:05:21", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "Intel agencies also like to Rebrand"}, {"end": "00:05:23", "start": "00:05:18", "text": "their name every couple of decades to"}, {"end": "00:05:26", "start": "00:05:21", "text": "hide from what they've done in the past"}, {"end": "00:05:28", "start": "00:05:23", "text": "in 1936 it was a major Milestone of a"}, {"end": "00:05:30", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "year in Chinese intelligence history the"}, {"end": "00:05:32", "start": "00:05:28", "text": "sad played a critical role in"}, {"end": "00:05:35", "start": "00:05:30", "text": "orchestrating negotiations between the"}, {"end": "00:05:38", "start": "00:05:32", "text": "Kang nationalist leaders and the"}, {"end": "00:05:40", "start": "00:05:35", "text": "Communist Party operatives arrested the"}, {"end": "00:05:43", "start": "00:05:38", "text": "K Tang's rival leader and forced them to"}, {"end": "00:05:45", "start": "00:05:40", "text": "negotiate out of this negotiation they"}, {"end": "00:05:48", "start": "00:05:43", "text": "formed a temporary alliance against the"}, {"end": "00:05:50", "start": "00:05:45", "text": "Japanese invasion instead of fighting"}, {"end": "00:05:53", "start": "00:05:48", "text": "one another historians widely believe"}, {"end": "00:05:56", "start": "00:05:50", "text": "this helped prevent the CCP from being"}, {"end": "00:05:58", "start": "00:05:53", "text": "destroyed outright and allow them to"}, {"end": "00:06:01", "start": "00:05:56", "text": "consolidate their strength in the 1940s"}, {"end": "00:06:04", "start": "00:05:58", "text": "during World War II it was a wild time"}, {"end": "00:06:06", "start": "00:06:01", "text": "for China's intelligence agencies Kang"}, {"end": "00:06:08", "start": "00:06:04", "text": "xang director of the organization at the"}, {"end": "00:06:10", "start": "00:06:06", "text": "time developed this deep sense of"}, {"end": "00:06:13", "start": "00:06:08", "text": "paranoia regarding potential spies"}, {"end": "00:06:15", "start": "00:06:10", "text": "within his own team this might be the"}, {"end": "00:06:17", "start": "00:06:13", "text": "darkest time period of Chinese"}, {"end": "00:06:18", "start": "00:06:15", "text": "intelligence that I've ever heard of but"}, {"end": "00:06:21", "start": "00:06:17", "text": "I think it helps us get into the head"}, {"end": "00:06:23", "start": "00:06:18", "text": "space of how they think and it explains"}, {"end": "00:06:26", "start": "00:06:21", "text": "a little bit about what we see them do"}, {"end": "00:06:28", "start": "00:06:23", "text": "later Kang said quote there is a close"}, {"end": "00:06:31", "start": "00:06:26", "text": "link between the twin crimes of"}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:28", "text": "Espionage and political Dev aism one is"}, {"end": "00:06:36", "start": "00:06:31", "text": "not a political deviationist as we have"}, {"end": "00:06:38", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "tended to believe by chance or by error"}, {"end": "00:06:40", "start": "00:06:36", "text": "we must begin a ruthless hunt to root"}, {"end": "00:06:43", "start": "00:06:38", "text": "out those two plagues because by"}, {"end": "00:06:45", "start": "00:06:40", "text": "fighting against deviation ISM we weaken"}, {"end": "00:06:47", "start": "00:06:43", "text": "the clandestine plots of our enemies and"}, {"end": "00:06:49", "start": "00:06:45", "text": "vice versa political deviation ISM means"}, {"end": "00:06:52", "start": "00:06:47", "text": "like if you if you stray a little bit"}, {"end": "00:06:54", "start": "00:06:49", "text": "from the politically correct narrative"}, {"end": "00:06:56", "start": "00:06:52", "text": "inside China at the time he was"}, {"end": "00:06:58", "start": "00:06:54", "text": "basically convinced that about 30% of"}, {"end": "00:07:02", "start": "00:06:56", "text": "his entire intelligence agency were"}, {"end": "00:07:04", "start": "00:06:58", "text": "double agents so he created quotas in"}, {"end": "00:07:05", "start": "00:07:02", "text": "these quotas they would use extreme"}, {"end": "00:07:08", "start": "00:07:04", "text": "techniques of punishment that were"}, {"end": "00:07:10", "start": "00:07:05", "text": "inspired by a millennia of traditions of"}, {"end": "00:07:13", "start": "00:07:08", "text": "some of the worst methods of physical"}, {"end": "00:07:15", "start": "00:07:10", "text": "punishment in China I'm using euphemisms"}, {"end": "00:07:17", "start": "00:07:13", "text": "here but I'm talking about what we would"}, {"end": "00:07:19", "start": "00:07:15", "text": "like to call in the west enhanced"}, {"end": "00:07:21", "start": "00:07:17", "text": "interrogation Kang was also deeply"}, {"end": "00:07:24", "start": "00:07:19", "text": "influenced by stalinist purges in the"}, {"end": "00:07:26", "start": "00:07:21", "text": "Soviet Union and so he brought this"}, {"end": "00:07:29", "start": "00:07:24", "text": "purging mentality and the brutal tactics"}, {"end": "00:07:32", "start": "00:07:26", "text": "that come with it into CCP intelligence"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:29", "text": "work Kang is considered one of the most"}, {"end": "00:07:37", "start": "00:07:32", "text": "influential spies in China's entire"}, {"end": "00:07:39", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "history many officers were purged often"}, {"end": "00:07:42", "start": "00:07:37", "text": "without much of any kind of substantial"}, {"end": "00:07:45", "start": "00:07:39", "text": "evidence these purges were notorious for"}, {"end": "00:07:48", "start": "00:07:42", "text": "their brutality as many CCP officials"}, {"end": "00:07:51", "start": "00:07:45", "text": "were in prison tortured or even executed"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:48", "text": "under what I would call dubious charges"}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:51", "text": "I can't say exactly what was done but I"}, {"end": "00:07:59", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "can say some words as hints bamboo"}, {"end": "00:08:01", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "spikes high water pressure and really I"}, {"end": "00:08:02", "start": "00:07:59", "text": "can't even scratch the surface other"}, {"end": "00:08:04", "start": "00:08:01", "text": "than to say look it up I'll put some"}, {"end": "00:08:06", "start": "00:08:02", "text": "links in the description it's horrific"}, {"end": "00:08:08", "start": "00:08:04", "text": "the way Kang's hold on the Chinese"}, {"end": "00:08:11", "start": "00:08:06", "text": "intelligence agencies ended was actually"}, {"end": "00:08:13", "start": "00:08:08", "text": "kind of ironic the leader of China ma"}, {"end": "00:08:15", "start": "00:08:11", "text": "dong forced Kang to write a"}, {"end": "00:08:18", "start": "00:08:13", "text": "self-criticism where he admitted that he"}, {"end": "00:08:20", "start": "00:08:15", "text": "was wrong and that only 10% of his"}, {"end": "00:08:22", "start": "00:08:18", "text": "organization were spies that he had"}, {"end": "00:08:25", "start": "00:08:20", "text": "originally accused he was relieved of"}, {"end": "00:08:27", "start": "00:08:22", "text": "Duty in 1944 and as with anything in the"}, {"end": "00:08:30", "start": "00:08:25", "text": "intelligence World there are rumors and"}, {"end": "00:08:31", "start": "00:08:27", "text": "theories as to why this happened it"}, {"end": "00:08:33", "start": "00:08:30", "text": "could have been because his physician"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:31", "text": "later claimed that the man was a"}, {"end": "00:08:37", "start": "00:08:33", "text": "schizophrenic and that's why he was so"}, {"end": "00:08:38", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "paranoid all the time us intelligence"}, {"end": "00:08:41", "start": "00:08:37", "text": "claimed that it might have been because"}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:38", "text": "of the collapse and death of Stalin so"}, {"end": "00:08:45", "start": "00:08:41", "text": "China wanted to cut ties with some of"}, {"end": "00:08:47", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "their officers that were trained in"}, {"end": "00:08:49", "start": "00:08:45", "text": "Moscow we may never know exactly what"}, {"end": "00:08:51", "start": "00:08:47", "text": "happened I can already hear the comments"}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:49", "text": "that the CIA is way worse but there's"}, {"end": "00:08:55", "start": "00:08:51", "text": "already tons of videos on that on"}, {"end": "00:08:57", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "YouTube and that's not what this video"}, {"end": "00:09:00", "start": "00:08:55", "text": "is about this period was marked by a"}, {"end": "00:09:03", "start": "00:08:57", "text": "culture of fear and suspicion within the"}, {"end": "00:09:05", "start": "00:09:00", "text": "party in an attempt to distance the"}, {"end": "00:09:07", "start": "00:09:03", "text": "intelligence service from Kang Shen's"}, {"end": "00:09:10", "start": "00:09:05", "text": "Purge Centric approach the organization"}, {"end": "00:09:13", "start": "00:09:07", "text": "was rebranded as the ccp's central"}, {"end": "00:09:16", "start": "00:09:10", "text": "investigation department or CID by"}, {"end": "00:09:18", "start": "00:09:13", "text": "1949 this gave them a fresh start a new"}, {"end": "00:09:21", "start": "00:09:16", "text": "coat of paint and they tried to become"}, {"end": "00:09:24", "start": "00:09:18", "text": "more of a professionalized Intel agency"}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:21", "text": "as the CCP prepared to take full power"}, {"end": "00:09:29", "start": "00:09:24", "text": "in China in the 1950s almost every"}, {"end": "00:09:31", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "Chinese Embassy worldwide housed an"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:29", "text": "investigation research office which"}, {"end": "00:09:35", "start": "00:09:31", "text": "served as a kind of cover for"}, {"end": "00:09:37", "start": "00:09:33", "text": "Intelligence Officers affiliated with"}, {"end": "00:09:40", "start": "00:09:35", "text": "the central investigation department"}, {"end": "00:09:43", "start": "00:09:37", "text": "these officers closely monitor diplomats"}, {"end": "00:09:44", "start": "00:09:40", "text": "and Embassy Personnel hey hey what's"}, {"end": "00:09:46", "start": "00:09:43", "text": "that your you're reading there is that"}, {"end": "00:09:48", "start": "00:09:44", "text": "on the approved list these spies"}, {"end": "00:09:50", "start": "00:09:46", "text": "attended meetings and relayed"}, {"end": "00:09:53", "start": "00:09:48", "text": "information back to the C headquarters"}, {"end": "00:09:55", "start": "00:09:50", "text": "Espionage inside Hong Kong was perfect"}, {"end": "00:09:58", "start": "00:09:53", "text": "of a training ground for China's spies"}, {"end": "00:10:00", "start": "00:09:55", "text": "to learn Advanced new tradecraft"}, {"end": "00:10:03", "start": "00:09:58", "text": "remember Hong Kong was still a British"}, {"end": "00:10:06", "start": "00:10:00", "text": "colony at the time so operatives were in"}, {"end": "00:10:08", "start": "00:10:03", "text": "this kind of spy V spy war with American"}, {"end": "00:10:10", "start": "00:10:06", "text": "British intelligence the Soviets were"}, {"end": "00:10:12", "start": "00:10:08", "text": "there a Chinese man by the name of Lee"}, {"end": "00:10:15", "start": "00:10:10", "text": "kenong was instrumental in these"}, {"end": "00:10:16", "start": "00:10:12", "text": "operations in Hong Kong he's known"}, {"end": "00:10:19", "start": "00:10:15", "text": "inside China as one of the most"}, {"end": "00:10:22", "start": "00:10:16", "text": "influential spies in their history the"}, {"end": "00:10:24", "start": "00:10:19", "text": "Chinese version of James Bond Lee was"}, {"end": "00:10:26", "start": "00:10:22", "text": "responsible for working closely with"}, {"end": "00:10:28", "start": "00:10:24", "text": "Soviet intelligence advisers to gather"}, {"end": "00:10:30", "start": "00:10:26", "text": "information on US forces during the"}, {"end": "00:10:33", "start": "00:10:28", "text": "Korean War the the cultural revolution"}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:30", "text": "in China during the 1960s Drew their"}, {"end": "00:10:38", "start": "00:10:33", "text": "intelligence agencies for another loop"}, {"end": "00:10:41", "start": "00:10:36", "text": "intelligence officials who were loyal to"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:38", "text": "the rivals of Mao were absolutely purged"}, {"end": "00:10:47", "start": "00:10:41", "text": "the Communist Party Consolidated control"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "and eliminated opposition even amongst"}, {"end": "00:10:51", "start": "00:10:47", "text": "themselves once the intelligence"}, {"end": "00:10:54", "start": "00:10:49", "text": "agencies were purged of Ma's perceived"}, {"end": "00:10:55", "start": "00:10:51", "text": "enemies they were used to support the"}, {"end": "00:10:58", "start": "00:10:54", "text": "repression that occurred throughout the"}, {"end": "00:11:00", "start": "00:10:55", "text": "country the security apparatus worked"}, {"end": "00:11:02", "start": "00:10:58", "text": "alongside the red guards providing"}, {"end": "00:11:04", "start": "00:11:00", "text": "logistical support and often carrying"}, {"end": "00:11:06", "start": "00:11:02", "text": "out arrests and interrogations of"}, {"end": "00:11:08", "start": "00:11:04", "text": "individuals who were accused of being"}, {"end": "00:11:11", "start": "00:11:06", "text": "enemies of the people hundreds of"}, {"end": "00:11:13", "start": "00:11:08", "text": "thousands to millions of people were"}, {"end": "00:11:16", "start": "00:11:11", "text": "purged during this time it wasn't just"}, {"end": "00:11:18", "start": "00:11:13", "text": "domestic missions though China's CID"}, {"end": "00:11:21", "start": "00:11:16", "text": "intelligence agency played a significant"}, {"end": "00:11:25", "start": "00:11:18", "text": "role in the Cambodian massacres of the"}, {"end": "00:11:28", "start": "00:11:21", "text": "1970s in November 1978 the CID assisted"}, {"end": "00:11:31", "start": "00:11:25", "text": "in establishing the infamous S21"}, {"end": "00:11:34", "start": "00:11:28", "text": "interrogation and exter mination Camp"}, {"end": "00:11:37", "start": "00:11:31", "text": "S21 is where approximately 20,000"}, {"end": "00:11:40", "start": "00:11:34", "text": "cambodians fell victim to pot's"}, {"end": "00:11:43", "start": "00:11:37", "text": "genocidal regime intelligence agencies"}, {"end": "00:11:45", "start": "00:11:40", "text": "everywhere are terrifying however the"}, {"end": "00:11:48", "start": "00:11:43", "text": "Chinese intelligence apparatus suffered"}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:45", "text": "a significant setback in Cambodia when"}, {"end": "00:11:53", "start": "00:11:48", "text": "the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"}, {"end": "00:11:55", "start": "00:11:50", "text": "launched a surprised invasion of cucha"}, {"end": "00:11:57", "start": "00:11:53", "text": "this Invasion caught the CID and Chinese"}, {"end": "00:12:00", "start": "00:11:55", "text": "leadership off guard as they failed to"}, {"end": "00:12:01", "start": "00:11:57", "text": "anticipate Vietnamese military action"}, {"end": "00:12:04", "start": "00:12:00", "text": "despite the presence of thousands of"}, {"end": "00:12:06", "start": "00:12:01", "text": "Chinese military and advisers inside"}, {"end": "00:12:08", "start": "00:12:04", "text": "Cambodia at the time only a single"}, {"end": "00:12:11", "start": "00:12:06", "text": "solitary agent with a malfunctioning"}, {"end": "00:12:14", "start": "00:12:08", "text": "radio managed to escape the country and"}, {"end": "00:12:16", "start": "00:12:11", "text": "he left behind 4,000 of his civilian"}, {"end": "00:12:19", "start": "00:12:14", "text": "advisers to the invading Vietnamese"}, {"end": "00:12:22", "start": "00:12:16", "text": "forces as the cultural revolution Drew"}, {"end": "00:12:24", "start": "00:12:19", "text": "to a close in the late 1970s the CCP"}, {"end": "00:12:27", "start": "00:12:22", "text": "sought to stabilize itself after a"}, {"end": "00:12:29", "start": "00:12:24", "text": "tumultuous decade D Xiao Pang emerged as"}, {"end": "00:12:31", "start": "00:12:27", "text": "the leader of the country having Liv"}, {"end": "00:12:33", "start": "00:12:29", "text": "through the atrocities of Ma's cultural"}, {"end": "00:12:36", "start": "00:12:31", "text": "revolution the repressive tactics of"}, {"end": "00:12:38", "start": "00:12:33", "text": "secret police he was determined to"}, {"end": "00:12:41", "start": "00:12:36", "text": "overhaul the Chinese intelligence"}, {"end": "00:12:43", "start": "00:12:38", "text": "apparatus Deng restructured the central"}, {"end": "00:12:45", "start": "00:12:41", "text": "investigation department he made it less"}, {"end": "00:12:47", "start": "00:12:43", "text": "about repressing his own people and more"}, {"end": "00:12:49", "start": "00:12:45", "text": "about facing the challenges of China's"}, {"end": "00:12:53", "start": "00:12:47", "text": "increasing Global position on the world"}, {"end": "00:12:55", "start": "00:12:49", "text": "stage in June 1983 the C merged with the"}, {"end": "00:12:58", "start": "00:12:53", "text": "Counter Intelligence elements of the"}, {"end": "00:13:00", "start": "00:12:55", "text": "ministry of public security to form the"}, {"end": "00:13:03", "start": "00:12:58", "text": "ministry of State security and that is"}, {"end": "00:13:04", "start": "00:13:00", "text": "its current form today in its current"}, {"end": "00:13:07", "start": "00:13:03", "text": "form the MSS has been tasked with"}, {"end": "00:13:09", "start": "00:13:04", "text": "safeguarding the entire State security I"}, {"end": "00:13:10", "start": "00:13:07", "text": "say the MSS has both domestic and"}, {"end": "00:13:12", "start": "00:13:09", "text": "international missions but that's not"}, {"end": "00:13:15", "start": "00:13:10", "text": "exactly accurate the ministry of public"}, {"end": "00:13:17", "start": "00:13:12", "text": "security also exists but they're"}, {"end": "00:13:18", "start": "00:13:15", "text": "primarily a law enforcement agency they"}, {"end": "00:13:20", "start": "00:13:17", "text": "house the department of political"}, {"end": "00:13:22", "start": "00:13:18", "text": "security protection so these are the"}, {"end": "00:13:24", "start": "00:13:20", "text": "guys who are responsible for internal"}, {"end": "00:13:26", "start": "00:13:22", "text": "political surveillance their scope is"}, {"end": "00:13:28", "start": "00:13:24", "text": "limited to domestic affairs though and"}, {"end": "00:13:30", "start": "00:13:26", "text": "doesn't extend to that foreign Intel"}, {"end": "00:13:31", "start": "00:13:28", "text": "Mission like the MSS"}, {"end": "00:13:34", "start": "00:13:30", "text": "the headquarters of the ministry of"}, {"end": "00:13:36", "start": "00:13:31", "text": "State security is located in Beijing"}, {"end": "00:13:38", "start": "00:13:34", "text": "it's made up of 18 different bureaus"}, {"end": "00:13:40", "start": "00:13:36", "text": "Never Enough bureaucracy and middle"}, {"end": "00:13:43", "start": "00:13:38", "text": "management in the CCP they even have one"}, {"end": "00:13:44", "start": "00:13:40", "text": "Bureau that's specifically dedicated to"}, {"end": "00:13:47", "start": "00:13:43", "text": "focusing on operations against the"}, {"end": "00:13:48", "start": "00:13:44", "text": "United States I'd be kind of insulted if"}, {"end": "00:13:50", "start": "00:13:47", "text": "they didn't thought we're their number"}, {"end": "00:13:52", "start": "00:13:48", "text": "one rival truth be told the CIA also has"}, {"end": "00:13:54", "start": "00:13:50", "text": "their own unit responsible for China's"}, {"end": "00:13:55", "start": "00:13:52", "text": "operations but to the point of"}, {"end": "00:13:57", "start": "00:13:54", "text": "bureaucracy the way it spread is"}, {"end": "00:13:59", "start": "00:13:55", "text": "interesting shortly after its"}, {"end": "00:14:02", "start": "00:13:57", "text": "establishment local governments began"}, {"end": "00:14:04", "start": "00:13:59", "text": "setting up provincial MSS departments by"}, {"end": "00:14:07", "start": "00:14:02", "text": "the late 1980s some jurisdictions had"}, {"end": "00:14:09", "start": "00:14:04", "text": "already established local State security"}, {"end": "00:14:12", "start": "00:14:07", "text": "organizations this extended the reach of"}, {"end": "00:14:14", "start": "00:14:09", "text": "the MSS at the operational level local"}, {"end": "00:14:16", "start": "00:14:12", "text": "State security bureaus possess a certain"}, {"end": "00:14:18", "start": "00:14:14", "text": "degree of autonomy they can"}, {"end": "00:14:19", "start": "00:14:16", "text": "independently decide on what type of"}, {"end": "00:14:21", "start": "00:14:18", "text": "missions they want to do the range of"}, {"end": "00:14:24", "start": "00:14:19", "text": "intelligence operations conducted by"}, {"end": "00:14:27", "start": "00:14:21", "text": "local MSS agencies is extensive they"}, {"end": "00:14:28", "start": "00:14:24", "text": "collect contacts on foreign consulate"}, {"end": "00:14:30", "start": "00:14:27", "text": "officials who are hanging out in China"}, {"end": "00:14:32", "start": "00:14:28", "text": "so they keep tabs on them they identify"}, {"end": "00:14:34", "start": "00:14:30", "text": "individuals who are discontent within"}, {"end": "00:14:36", "start": "00:14:32", "text": "the Chinese Communist party so if you"}, {"end": "00:14:37", "start": "00:14:34", "text": "say something negative about the party"}, {"end": "00:14:39", "start": "00:14:36", "text": "they go after you they gather"}, {"end": "00:14:41", "start": "00:14:37", "text": "information about dissidents in Hong"}, {"end": "00:14:43", "start": "00:14:39", "text": "Kong they monitor CCP loyalists in Hong"}, {"end": "00:14:46", "start": "00:14:41", "text": "Kong to determine if they privately"}, {"end": "00:14:49", "start": "00:14:43", "text": "express any complaints about the CCP and"}, {"end": "00:14:51", "start": "00:14:46", "text": "they also monitor WeChat for any"}, {"end": "00:14:53", "start": "00:14:49", "text": "sensitive vocabulary that would alert"}, {"end": "00:14:55", "start": "00:14:51", "text": "them we often joke about social credit"}, {"end": "00:14:57", "start": "00:14:53", "text": "scores in China and there's good reason"}, {"end": "00:14:59", "start": "00:14:55", "text": "to believe it's not as extravagant as we"}, {"end": "00:15:01", "start": "00:14:57", "text": "think it is but China's intellig"}, {"end": "00:15:03", "start": "00:14:59", "text": "agencies are repressive no doubt they"}, {"end": "00:15:06", "start": "00:15:01", "text": "currently appear to be aimed more at the"}, {"end": "00:15:07", "start": "00:15:03", "text": "countries near them and at within at"}, {"end": "00:15:09", "start": "00:15:06", "text": "themselves and against their own"}, {"end": "00:15:12", "start": "00:15:07", "text": "dissidence there have been several"}, {"end": "00:15:14", "start": "00:15:09", "text": "notorious cases involving the MSS that"}, {"end": "00:15:16", "start": "00:15:12", "text": "have come to public attention they"}, {"end": "00:15:18", "start": "00:15:14", "text": "reveal a lot about the priorities of the"}, {"end": "00:15:22", "start": "00:15:16", "text": "MSS and how they operate you might not"}, {"end": "00:15:25", "start": "00:15:18", "text": "have heard about the 2010 to 2012 CIA"}, {"end": "00:15:27", "start": "00:15:22", "text": "agent Purge inside China it was one of"}, {"end": "00:15:29", "start": "00:15:25", "text": "the darkest times for the CIA and it's"}, {"end": "00:15:31", "start": "00:15:27", "text": "considered one of the most significant"}, {"end": "00:15:33", "start": "00:15:29", "text": "blows to the US intelligence in recent"}, {"end": "00:15:36", "start": "00:15:31", "text": "history during this period the MSS"}, {"end": "00:15:39", "start": "00:15:33", "text": "managed to systematically dismantle the"}, {"end": "00:15:41", "start": "00:15:36", "text": "cia's covert network in China this"}, {"end": "00:15:45", "start": "00:15:39", "text": "resulted in them capturing or killing"}, {"end": "00:15:47", "start": "00:15:41", "text": "between 20 and 30 CIA informant one of"}, {"end": "00:15:49", "start": "00:15:45", "text": "the US officials said in the report"}, {"end": "00:15:52", "start": "00:15:47", "text": "quote you could tell the Chinese weren't"}, {"end": "00:15:55", "start": "00:15:49", "text": "guessing the MSS were always pulling the"}, {"end": "00:15:57", "start": "00:15:52", "text": "right people and quote the exact methods"}, {"end": "00:15:59", "start": "00:15:55", "text": "and details of how they did this are"}, {"end": "00:16:00", "start": "00:15:57", "text": "still murky but now that it's been more"}, {"end": "00:16:03", "start": "00:15:59", "text": "than 10 years that has passed we have a"}, {"end": "00:16:04", "start": "00:16:00", "text": "better idea there were likely multiple"}, {"end": "00:16:06", "start": "00:16:03", "text": "channels that the identities leak"}, {"end": "00:16:09", "start": "00:16:04", "text": "through one of them was probably Jerry"}, {"end": "00:16:11", "start": "00:16:06", "text": "Chung Shing Lee who was a former CIA"}, {"end": "00:16:14", "start": "00:16:09", "text": "officer who was found with notes"}, {"end": "00:16:17", "start": "00:16:11", "text": "containing classified details of their"}, {"end": "00:16:19", "start": "00:16:14", "text": "operatives Lee was then arrested in 2018"}, {"end": "00:16:21", "start": "00:16:17", "text": "and convicted of passing information to"}, {"end": "00:16:23", "start": "00:16:19", "text": "China this betrayal might have"}, {"end": "00:16:25", "start": "00:16:21", "text": "contributed to the purge it's also"}, {"end": "00:16:27", "start": "00:16:23", "text": "believe that a technical breach could"}, {"end": "00:16:28", "start": "00:16:25", "text": "have helped them identify the agents"}, {"end": "00:16:30", "start": "00:16:27", "text": "China has a history of successfully"}, {"end": "00:16:32", "start": "00:16:28", "text": "breaching us Department of Defense"}, {"end": "00:16:34", "start": "00:16:30", "text": "databases and stealing intellectual"}, {"end": "00:16:36", "start": "00:16:32", "text": "property this hack could have allowed"}, {"end": "00:16:39", "start": "00:16:34", "text": "them to see into CIA communication"}, {"end": "00:16:40", "start": "00:16:36", "text": "channels and allowed them to monitor any"}, {"end": "00:16:42", "start": "00:16:39", "text": "Communications between them and their"}, {"end": "00:16:44", "start": "00:16:40", "text": "informant they used an internet-based"}, {"end": "00:16:46", "start": "00:16:42", "text": "system to communicate that they'd been"}, {"end": "00:16:48", "start": "00:16:44", "text": "using during operations in Iraq and"}, {"end": "00:16:50", "start": "00:16:46", "text": "Afghanistan so the CIA assumed that it"}, {"end": "00:16:52", "start": "00:16:48", "text": "couldn't be breached this is according"}, {"end": "00:16:54", "start": "00:16:50", "text": "to a report from the foreign policy the"}, {"end": "00:16:57", "start": "00:16:52", "text": "CIA had high ranking officials on their"}, {"end": "00:16:59", "start": "00:16:54", "text": "payroll in Beijing they were great for"}, {"end": "00:17:00", "start": "00:16:57", "text": "intelligence these were people in China"}, {"end": "00:17:02", "start": "00:16:59", "text": "who had turned against what they saw as"}, {"end": "00:17:04", "start": "00:17:00", "text": "corruption and repression in the"}, {"end": "00:17:07", "start": "00:17:02", "text": "government what likely happened next was"}, {"end": "00:17:09", "start": "00:17:04", "text": "a series of interrogations by the MSS"}, {"end": "00:17:11", "start": "00:17:07", "text": "once the CIA agents were captured they"}, {"end": "00:17:13", "start": "00:17:09", "text": "were made to talk and inform on other"}, {"end": "00:17:15", "start": "00:17:11", "text": "identities Peter Mattis and Matthew"}, {"end": "00:17:18", "start": "00:17:13", "text": "Brazil's book Chinese Communist"}, {"end": "00:17:20", "start": "00:17:15", "text": "Espionage became famous in part for a"}, {"end": "00:17:23", "start": "00:17:18", "text": "story that they recounted about how the"}, {"end": "00:17:24", "start": "00:17:20", "text": "MSS killed them they claim in the book"}, {"end": "00:17:28", "start": "00:17:23", "text": "that it was a public killing of one of"}, {"end": "00:17:30", "start": "00:17:24", "text": "their own MSS officers in the courtyard"}, {"end": "00:17:32", "start": "00:17:28", "text": "of the agency's headquarters in Beijing"}, {"end": "00:17:34", "start": "00:17:30", "text": "so that all other agents could see in"}, {"end": "00:17:37", "start": "00:17:32", "text": "fact he since he was a double agent for"}, {"end": "00:17:39", "start": "00:17:34", "text": "the CIA they had all the other MSS"}, {"end": "00:17:41", "start": "00:17:37", "text": "agents forced to attend the execution in"}, {"end": "00:17:43", "start": "00:17:39", "text": "order to deter this from ever happening"}, {"end": "00:17:45", "start": "00:17:41", "text": "in the future in fact it's actually a"}, {"end": "00:17:47", "start": "00:17:43", "text": "lot worse than that much more brutal in"}, {"end": "00:17:49", "start": "00:17:45", "text": "the version in the book but I toned it"}, {"end": "00:17:51", "start": "00:17:47", "text": "down here because my last video got"}, {"end": "00:17:52", "start": "00:17:49", "text": "dinged by YouTube what I can say is that"}, {"end": "00:17:55", "start": "00:17:51", "text": "it also involved members of the double"}, {"end": "00:17:57", "start": "00:17:52", "text": "agents family and so this story was very"}, {"end": "00:17:59", "start": "00:17:55", "text": "controversial but I think once you put"}, {"end": "00:18:01", "start": "00:17:57", "text": "it into that historical context that we"}, {"end": "00:18:03", "start": "00:17:59", "text": "just talked about of the history of how"}, {"end": "00:18:05", "start": "00:18:01", "text": "their intelligence agencies functioned"}, {"end": "00:18:07", "start": "00:18:03", "text": "and how they conducted purges it was"}, {"end": "00:18:09", "start": "00:18:05", "text": "reported that some agents were shot in"}, {"end": "00:18:12", "start": "00:18:07", "text": "public as a warning to others about the"}, {"end": "00:18:14", "start": "00:18:09", "text": "risk of spying against China it not only"}, {"end": "00:18:16", "start": "00:18:12", "text": "shut down the CIA Network then but it's"}, {"end": "00:18:18", "start": "00:18:14", "text": "also made it very difficult for them to"}, {"end": "00:18:21", "start": "00:18:16", "text": "rebuild it since then because of these"}, {"end": "00:18:23", "start": "00:18:18", "text": "executions the MSS stepped up their"}, {"end": "00:18:25", "start": "00:18:21", "text": "foreign overseas operations after this"}, {"end": "00:18:28", "start": "00:18:23", "text": "they've run the operation Fox Hunt"}, {"end": "00:18:30", "start": "00:18:25", "text": "initiative since 2014 it's a global"}, {"end": "00:18:32", "start": "00:18:28", "text": "anti-corruption camp campaign however"}, {"end": "00:18:34", "start": "00:18:30", "text": "it's widely believed the MSS actually"}, {"end": "00:18:36", "start": "00:18:32", "text": "uses this Mission as a cover to hunt"}, {"end": "00:18:38", "start": "00:18:34", "text": "down political dissidents abroad they"}, {"end": "00:18:41", "start": "00:18:36", "text": "kidnapped anyone who criticizes the"}, {"end": "00:18:43", "start": "00:18:38", "text": "regime and attempts to escape China for"}, {"end": "00:18:44", "start": "00:18:41", "text": "instance the Causeway Bay Books"}, {"end": "00:18:48", "start": "00:18:43", "text": "disappearances of"}, {"end": "00:18:50", "start": "00:18:44", "text": "2015 illustrate this Mainland Chinese"}, {"end": "00:18:52", "start": "00:18:48", "text": "law enforcement can't operate in Hong"}, {"end": "00:18:54", "start": "00:18:50", "text": "Kong without proper legal procedures and"}, {"end": "00:18:57", "start": "00:18:52", "text": "Border controls but five staff went"}, {"end": "00:18:58", "start": "00:18:54", "text": "missing and later appeared in China one"}, {"end": "00:19:01", "start": "00:18:57", "text": "of them later appeared in a confessional"}, {"end": "00:19:03", "start": "00:18:58", "text": "video that China broadcast on their"}, {"end": "00:19:04", "start": "00:19:01", "text": "National Television these people"}, {"end": "00:19:06", "start": "00:19:03", "text": "insisted their return to China was"}, {"end": "00:19:08", "start": "00:19:04", "text": "voluntary but their accounts failed to"}, {"end": "00:19:11", "start": "00:19:06", "text": "explain how they crossed International"}, {"end": "00:19:14", "start": "00:19:08", "text": "borders without proper documentation MSS"}, {"end": "00:19:16", "start": "00:19:11", "text": "operatives crossed into Hong Kong and"}, {"end": "00:19:18", "start": "00:19:14", "text": "Thailand abducted them disregarded the"}, {"end": "00:19:20", "start": "00:19:16", "text": "sovereignty of these regions and"}, {"end": "00:19:22", "start": "00:19:18", "text": "violated international law they detained"}, {"end": "00:19:25", "start": "00:19:20", "text": "individuals who weren't terrorists or"}, {"end": "00:19:27", "start": "00:19:22", "text": "criminals because their only crime was"}, {"end": "00:19:30", "start": "00:19:25", "text": "publishing books about the private lives"}, {"end": "00:19:31", "start": "00:19:27", "text": "of Chinese leaders like XII ping this"}, {"end": "00:19:34", "start": "00:19:30", "text": "case demonstrates the lengths that the"}, {"end": "00:19:36", "start": "00:19:31", "text": "MSS will go to to suppress descent take"}, {"end": "00:19:39", "start": "00:19:34", "text": "for example Jack ma the billionaire"}, {"end": "00:19:41", "start": "00:19:36", "text": "Chinese founder of Alibaba he"}, {"end": "00:19:43", "start": "00:19:39", "text": "disappeared from public view in 2020"}, {"end": "00:19:45", "start": "00:19:41", "text": "after he made the mistake of publicly"}, {"end": "00:19:49", "start": "00:19:43", "text": "criticizing China's Financial regulators"}, {"end": "00:19:51", "start": "00:19:45", "text": "and government then authorities in China"}, {"end": "00:19:54", "start": "00:19:49", "text": "the government halted the roughly $34"}, {"end": "00:19:56", "start": "00:19:51", "text": "billion IPO of his company ant Group"}, {"end": "00:19:59", "start": "00:19:54", "text": "which was going to be the world's"}, {"end": "00:20:01", "start": "00:19:56", "text": "largest IPO in history at the time three"}, {"end": "00:20:03", "start": "00:19:59", "text": "3 months later he resurfaced in a video"}, {"end": "00:20:06", "start": "00:20:01", "text": "saying that he was okay and Jack ma had"}, {"end": "00:20:08", "start": "00:20:03", "text": "learned his lesson it doesn't matter how"}, {"end": "00:20:11", "start": "00:20:06", "text": "rich you are the MSS will come for you"}, {"end": "00:20:12", "start": "00:20:08", "text": "if you gain enough influence in China"}, {"end": "00:20:14", "start": "00:20:11", "text": "Chinese intelligence has reportedly been"}, {"end": "00:20:16", "start": "00:20:12", "text": "engaged in targeted killings of"}, {"end": "00:20:18", "start": "00:20:14", "text": "political dissonant and defectors"}, {"end": "00:20:21", "start": "00:20:16", "text": "including the weager activists abroad"}, {"end": "00:20:23", "start": "00:20:18", "text": "weager people are Muslims who China Now"}, {"end": "00:20:25", "start": "00:20:21", "text": "controls their land in the western part"}, {"end": "00:20:27", "start": "00:20:23", "text": "of the country one of the most notable"}, {"end": "00:20:30", "start": "00:20:25", "text": "cases in 2012 there was a mysterious"}, {"end": "00:20:32", "start": "00:20:27", "text": "death of Lee Wong Jang who was a Chinese"}, {"end": "00:20:35", "start": "00:20:30", "text": "labor activist Lee was a key figure in"}, {"end": "00:20:37", "start": "00:20:32", "text": "the 1989 tenan Square protests and he"}, {"end": "00:20:39", "start": "00:20:35", "text": "spent more than 20 years in prison he"}, {"end": "00:20:41", "start": "00:20:37", "text": "was found hanged in a hospital but the"}, {"end": "00:20:43", "start": "00:20:39", "text": "circumstances around his death were"}, {"end": "00:20:45", "start": "00:20:41", "text": "suspicious and some believe that the"}, {"end": "00:20:47", "start": "00:20:43", "text": "Chinese security forces were involved in"}, {"end": "00:20:48", "start": "00:20:45", "text": "silencing him similarly there have been"}, {"end": "00:20:51", "start": "00:20:47", "text": "numerous reports over the years of"}, {"end": "00:20:53", "start": "00:20:48", "text": "weager activists and members of the"}, {"end": "00:20:55", "start": "00:20:51", "text": "Tibetan Independence Movement who' been"}, {"end": "00:20:58", "start": "00:20:53", "text": "harassed abducted or found dead under"}, {"end": "00:21:00", "start": "00:20:55", "text": "suspicious circumstances abroad these"}, {"end": "00:21:02", "start": "00:20:58", "text": "cases often have connections to Chinese"}, {"end": "00:21:04", "start": "00:21:00", "text": "intelligence agencies but they're"}, {"end": "00:21:07", "start": "00:21:02", "text": "difficult to confirm Freedom House"}, {"end": "00:21:09", "start": "00:21:04", "text": "documented over 850 physical incidents"}, {"end": "00:21:12", "start": "00:21:07", "text": "of transnational repression globally by"}, {"end": "00:21:14", "start": "00:21:09", "text": "China including assassinations assaults"}, {"end": "00:21:17", "start": "00:21:12", "text": "abductions and detentions one of the"}, {"end": "00:21:20", "start": "00:21:14", "text": "most Brazen activities are in Taiwan"}, {"end": "00:21:22", "start": "00:21:17", "text": "where the MSS is believed to send most"}, {"end": "00:21:24", "start": "00:21:20", "text": "of their resources in Focus their goal"}, {"end": "00:21:27", "start": "00:21:22", "text": "is to undermine taiwan's government"}, {"end": "00:21:29", "start": "00:21:24", "text": "military and Society the intelligence"}, {"end": "00:21:31", "start": "00:21:27", "text": "apparatus targets Military Officers"}, {"end": "00:21:34", "start": "00:21:29", "text": "politicians academic and Business"}, {"end": "00:21:36", "start": "00:21:31", "text": "Leaders to gain sensitive information in"}, {"end": "00:21:38", "start": "00:21:34", "text": "2011 taiwan's former military"}, {"end": "00:21:41", "start": "00:21:36", "text": "intelligence Chief was convicted of"}, {"end": "00:21:42", "start": "00:21:38", "text": "spying for China and it was one of the"}, {"end": "00:21:45", "start": "00:21:41", "text": "highest profile cases of Chinese"}, {"end": "00:21:47", "start": "00:21:42", "text": "infiltration he passed on critical"}, {"end": "00:21:49", "start": "00:21:45", "text": "military information including details"}, {"end": "00:21:51", "start": "00:21:47", "text": "on taiwan's missile defense systems"}, {"end": "00:21:53", "start": "00:21:49", "text": "according to a 2021 report they've"}, {"end": "00:21:56", "start": "00:21:51", "text": "recruited thousands of Taiwanese"}, {"end": "00:21:58", "start": "00:21:53", "text": "individuals as spies mainly through"}, {"end": "00:22:00", "start": "00:21:56", "text": "financial incentives just like how the"}, {"end": "00:22:02", "start": "00:21:58", "text": "CIA has shadowy unit called the"}, {"end": "00:22:05", "start": "00:22:00", "text": "political action group for influencing"}, {"end": "00:22:07", "start": "00:22:02", "text": "foreign Politics the MSS also has a"}, {"end": "00:22:09", "start": "00:22:05", "text": "political division China's engaged in"}, {"end": "00:22:12", "start": "00:22:07", "text": "widespread political influence"}, {"end": "00:22:14", "start": "00:22:09", "text": "operations in Taiwan China's united"}, {"end": "00:22:17", "start": "00:22:12", "text": "front work department plays a crucial"}, {"end": "00:22:19", "start": "00:22:14", "text": "role in cultivating pro-china sentiment"}, {"end": "00:22:22", "start": "00:22:17", "text": "and creating division within taiwan's"}, {"end": "00:22:24", "start": "00:22:19", "text": "Society they fund pro-china political"}, {"end": "00:22:27", "start": "00:22:22", "text": "candidates and attempt to influence"}, {"end": "00:22:28", "start": "00:22:24", "text": "public opinion through social media"}, {"end": "00:22:32", "start": "00:22:27", "text": "their domestic mission is the American"}, {"end": "00:22:34", "start": "00:22:28", "text": "NS A's wet dream come true in July 2023"}, {"end": "00:22:36", "start": "00:22:32", "text": "China's MSS opened up a WeChat account"}, {"end": "00:22:38", "start": "00:22:34", "text": "of their own as part of an effort to"}, {"end": "00:22:40", "start": "00:22:36", "text": "increase public engagement I would also"}, {"end": "00:22:42", "start": "00:22:38", "text": "point out that the CIA also has an"}, {"end": "00:22:45", "start": "00:22:40", "text": "Instagram account that I follow and find"}, {"end": "00:22:48", "start": "00:22:42", "text": "it to be amazing according to official"}, {"end": "00:22:50", "start": "00:22:45", "text": "news media its first post called for a"}, {"end": "00:22:53", "start": "00:22:48", "text": "whole society mobilization against"}, {"end": "00:22:55", "start": "00:22:50", "text": "Espionage the post stated that the"}, {"end": "00:22:58", "start": "00:22:53", "text": "participation of the masses should be"}, {"end": "00:23:01", "start": "00:22:55", "text": "normalized China's MSS is increasingly"}, {"end": "00:23:04", "start": "00:22:58", "text": "expanding in its influence to nearly all"}, {"end": "00:23:06", "start": "00:23:01", "text": "aspects of Chinese Society the Communist"}, {"end": "00:23:07", "start": "00:23:04", "text": "party is enlisting Ordinary People to"}, {"end": "00:23:10", "start": "00:23:06", "text": "guard against perceived threats to the"}, {"end": "00:23:13", "start": "00:23:07", "text": "country in a campaign that blurs the"}, {"end": "00:23:15", "start": "00:23:10", "text": "line between vigilance and paranoia"}, {"end": "00:23:17", "start": "00:23:13", "text": "despite facing its worst economic"}, {"end": "00:23:20", "start": "00:23:15", "text": "slowdown in years China's authoritarian"}, {"end": "00:23:22", "start": "00:23:17", "text": "leader xiin ping appears more focused on"}, {"end": "00:23:24", "start": "00:23:20", "text": "National Security and preventing threats"}, {"end": "00:23:26", "start": "00:23:22", "text": "to the parties control in another Post"}, {"end": "00:23:28", "start": "00:23:24", "text": "in September the MSS criticized the"}, {"end": "00:23:30", "start": "00:23:26", "text": "United States policies towards China"}, {"end": "00:23:32", "start": "00:23:28", "text": "seing that the US was engaged in"}, {"end": "00:23:35", "start": "00:23:30", "text": "decoupling and disconnecting at the"}, {"end": "00:23:37", "start": "00:23:32", "text": "economic level ganging up on the"}, {"end": "00:23:39", "start": "00:23:35", "text": "political level deterrence and"}, {"end": "00:23:41", "start": "00:23:37", "text": "containment at the security level"}, {"end": "00:23:43", "start": "00:23:39", "text": "discrediting and disparaging at the"}, {"end": "00:23:46", "start": "00:23:41", "text": "public opinion level and constraining"}, {"end": "00:23:48", "start": "00:23:43", "text": "and locking down The rules level I think"}, {"end": "00:23:50", "start": "00:23:46", "text": "the MSS is similar to the KGB they have"}, {"end": "00:23:52", "start": "00:23:48", "text": "broad Authority under the guise of"}, {"end": "00:23:55", "start": "00:23:50", "text": "National Security to wield significant"}, {"end": "00:23:57", "start": "00:23:52", "text": "power and can take any action they see"}, {"end": "00:23:58", "start": "00:23:55", "text": "fit but I want to know what you think in"}, {"end": "00:24:00", "start": "00:23:57", "text": "the comment section please leave a"}, {"end": "00:24:02", "start": "00:23:58", "text": "comment down below I'm your average"}, {"end": "00:24:03", "start": "00:24:00", "text": "infan Chris Cappy I want to introduce"}, {"end": "00:24:06", "start": "00:24:02", "text": "you all to the newest member of the"}, {"end": "00:24:08", "start": "00:24:03", "text": "spare parts family his name is Tucker"}, {"end": "00:24:11", "start": "00:24:06", "text": "and he's a pug and pugs are actually"}, {"end": "00:24:14", "start": "00:24:08", "text": "coincidentally from China they're an old"}, {"end": "00:24:17", "start": "00:24:11", "text": "400 BC they date back to in China and he"}, {"end": "00:24:20", "start": "00:24:14", "text": "might be a Chinese asset he might be he"}, {"end": "00:24:23", "start": "00:24:17", "text": "might be from the MSS do they have you"}, {"end": "00:24:27", "start": "00:24:20", "text": "chipped are you an intelligence asset"}, {"end": "00:24:27", "start": "00:24:23", "text": "are you a little intelligence asset"}]

[{"end": "00:00:20", "start": "00:00:18", "text": "There's an old Hebrew proverb,"}, {"end": "00:00:22", "start": "00:00:20", "text": "He who comes to kill you,"}, {"end": "00:00:24", "start": "00:00:22", "text": "get up early and kill them first."}, {"end": "00:00:28", "start": "00:00:27", "text": "In Judaism,"}, {"end": "00:00:30", "start": "00:00:28", "text": "there's an expression which I think still holds true."}, {"end": "00:00:32", "start": "00:00:31", "text": "He who comes to kill you,"}, {"end": "00:00:34", "start": "00:00:32", "text": "get up early and kill them first."}, {"end": "00:00:37", "start": "00:00:35", "text": "It's the moral right to kill."}, {"end": "00:00:40", "start": "00:00:37", "text": "We kill those who want to kill us."}, {"end": "00:00:42", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "In Israel,"}, {"end": "00:00:44", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "every time there's an attack,"}, {"end": "00:00:44", "start": "00:00:44", "text": "people weep."}, {"end": "00:00:46", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "But then they shoot back."}, {"end": "00:00:48", "start": "00:00:47", "text": "For 40 years,"}, {"end": "00:00:52", "start": "00:00:48", "text": "the Jewish state has been secretly eliminating some of its enemies abroad."}, {"end": "00:00:59", "start": "00:00:56", "text": "Every terrorist with blood on his hands is a target."}, {"end": "00:01:03", "start": "00:01:02", "text": "Mossad,"}, {"end": "00:01:04", "start": "00:01:03", "text": "the Israeli Secret service,"}, {"end": "00:01:06", "start": "00:01:04", "text": "is responsible for these special missions."}, {"end": "00:01:11", "start": "00:01:08", "text": "Stealing is not a part of it."}, {"end": "00:01:16", "start": "00:01:13", "text": "You do it because the prime minister decided to do it."}, {"end": "00:01:21", "start": "00:01:18", "text": "We also spoke with people deemed enemies of the state of Israel,"}, {"end": "00:01:24", "start": "00:01:21", "text": "who had had the good fortune to survive the hitmen from Mossad."}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:31", "text": "The screams woke me up,"}, {"end": "00:01:37", "start": "00:01:35", "text": "and then I saw four armed men arrive."}, {"end": "00:01:42", "start": "00:01:39", "text": "They wanted to kill me in my sleep,"}, {"end": "00:01:47", "start": "00:01:43", "text": "but the will of the Almighty decided otherwise."}, {"end": "00:01:51", "start": "00:01:51", "text": "In Israel,"}, {"end": "00:01:52", "start": "00:01:51", "text": "the proverb,"}, {"end": "00:01:53", "start": "00:01:52", "text": "an eye for an eye,"}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:53", "text": "a tooth for a tooth,"}, {"end": "00:01:57", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "has become a perfectly acceptable state policy."}, {"end": "00:02:06", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "Israel is the country that has used the weapon of targeted killing more than any other country after the Second World War."}, {"end": "00:02:47", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "Tunis,"}, {"end": "00:02:48", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "Amman,"}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:48", "text": "Dubai."}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:50", "text": "These cities are where Mossad has operated its assassination operations in recent years."}, {"end": "00:03:04", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "March 1978,"}, {"end": "00:03:06", "start": "00:03:04", "text": "A Palestine Liberation Organization,"}, {"end": "00:03:07", "start": "00:03:06", "text": "or PLO,"}, {"end": "00:03:10", "start": "00:03:07", "text": "commando hijacks a bus in the Israeli town of Gililat."}, {"end": "00:03:13", "start": "00:03:11", "text": "It's one of the most serious attacks in Israel."}, {"end": "00:03:14", "start": "00:03:13", "text": "38 people are killed,"}, {"end": "00:03:16", "start": "00:03:15", "text": "including 13 children."}, {"end": "00:03:26", "start": "00:03:25", "text": "While the attack unfolds,"}, {"end": "00:03:29", "start": "00:03:26", "text": "Yitzhak Mordecai is an officer in the Israeli army."}, {"end": "00:03:46", "start": "00:03:31", "text": "He'll never forget that day. The commando killed a tourist on the street before attacking the bus and forcing it to drive to Tel Aviv inside the bus. They killed women and children, they"}, {"end": "00:03:56", "start": "00:03:46", "text": "spared no one, They blew up the bus. It was the first time in Israel's history that such an attack had taken place inside the country. I'll always remember that night."}, {"end": "00:04:14", "start": "00:03:58", "text": "According to Mossad, the man responsible for the outrage is Khalil Al-Wazir, also known as Abu Jihad. Abu Jihad is not just another suspect, he's the right-hand man of Yasser Arafat, the"}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:14", "text": "leader of the PLO. Here he is in the mid-1980s, filmed by another of his aides"}, {"end": "00:04:29", "start": "00:04:27", "text": "as the head of the PLO's military operations,"}, {"end": "00:04:33", "start": "00:04:29", "text": "he's training his men for an assault against Israel."}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:37", "text": "We have to blot out the sky over Tel Aviv so that this Black Saturday will live on in history."}, {"end": "00:04:48", "start": "00:04:48", "text": "This is the day"}, {"end": "00:04:53", "start": "00:04:49", "text": "Tel Aviv will be hit by blood and destruction."}, {"end": "00:05:02", "start": "00:04:57", "text": "The Israeli secret services now consider the PLO's second-in-command to be a legitimate target."}, {"end": "00:05:07", "start": "00:05:07", "text": "For months,"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:07", "text": "this former member of Shin Bet gathered as much information about Abu Jihad as possible."}, {"end": "00:05:23", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "His mission was to determine the psychological profile of Arafat's number two."}, {"end": "00:05:23", "start": "00:05:23", "text": "What did you learn?"}, {"end": "00:05:25", "start": "00:05:24", "text": "That he is smart."}, {"end": "00:05:28", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "That he is very addicted to the mission."}, {"end": "00:05:30", "start": "00:05:29", "text": "That he learned a lot."}, {"end": "00:05:38", "start": "00:05:31", "text": "That he checks every single point that he is going to deal with it,"}, {"end": "00:05:41", "start": "00:05:38", "text": "that he does it by himself."}, {"end": "00:05:48", "start": "00:05:43", "text": "Abu Jihad is someone who likes to be in control and sometimes enjoyed provocation."}, {"end": "00:05:51", "start": "00:05:48", "text": "In 1987,"}, {"end": "00:05:54", "start": "00:05:51", "text": "a stone-throwing Palestinian youth staged the intifada against Israel."}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:55", "text": "Abu Jihad takes credit for the uprising."}, {"end": "00:05:59", "start": "00:05:58", "text": "To Israel,"}, {"end": "00:06:00", "start": "00:05:59", "text": "it's a red flag."}, {"end": "00:06:03", "start": "00:06:02", "text": "At the time,"}, {"end": "00:06:05", "start": "00:06:03", "text": "Moshe Nissim is the finance minister."}, {"end": "00:06:10", "start": "00:06:08", "text": "His opinion was that Abu Jihad had to be killed,"}, {"end": "00:06:12", "start": "00:06:11", "text": "and as soon as possible."}, {"end": "00:06:20", "start": "00:06:18", "text": "People were demoralized by the Intifada."}, {"end": "00:06:26", "start": "00:06:24", "text": "I believed Abu Jihad's death could boost their morale."}, {"end": "00:06:34", "start": "00:06:29", "text": "Abudji had masterminded a large number of attacks against Israel,"}, {"end": "00:06:36", "start": "00:06:35", "text": "causing many victims."}, {"end": "00:06:41", "start": "00:06:37", "text": "It couldn't go on."}, {"end": "00:06:46", "start": "00:06:41", "text": "We had to terminate it."}, {"end": "00:06:53", "start": "00:06:48", "text": "To end the life of an enemy of Israel is a decision that rests with one man,"}, {"end": "00:06:54", "start": "00:06:54", "text": "the Prime Minister."}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:55", "text": "Back then, it was Yitzhak Shamir."}, {"end": "00:07:05", "start": "00:06:59", "text": "He alone, in consultation with his cabinet, can add or remove names from the enemies to kill list."}, {"end": "00:07:08", "start": "00:07:06", "text": "Usually, the Prime Minister does not decide alone,"}, {"end": "00:07:17", "start": "00:07:09", "text": "but calls in one minister or a group of ministers to take the decision together."}, {"end": "00:07:23", "start": "00:07:18", "text": "The decision to eliminate Abu Jihad has to be voted on in the Security Cabinet,"}, {"end": "00:07:26", "start": "00:07:23", "text": "made up of a small group of senior military figures and ministers,"}, {"end": "00:07:30", "start": "00:07:28", "text": "But the vote ends in stalemate,"}, {"end": "00:07:31", "start": "00:07:30", "text": "5-4,"}, {"end": "00:07:32", "start": "00:07:31", "text": "and 5 against."}, {"end": "00:07:39", "start": "00:07:36", "text": "Convinced that the PLO's number two has to be killed,"}, {"end": "00:07:46", "start": "00:07:40", "text": "Moshe Nissim tries to persuade fellow Cabinet member and Defense secretary Yitzhak Rabin to vote in favor."}, {"end": "00:07:53", "start": "00:07:52", "text": "During the security cabinet meeting,"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:53", "text": "I asked"}, {"end": "00:07:57", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "Minister Rabin to come with me to an adjacent room."}, {"end": "00:07:59", "start": "00:07:58", "text": "I told Yitzhak Rabin,"}, {"end": "00:08:01", "start": "00:08:00", "text": "you're the Minister of Defense,"}, {"end": "00:08:05", "start": "00:08:02", "text": "and I think you should be the first to support the proposal."}, {"end": "00:08:11", "start": "00:08:06", "text": "We need to show the world that we can still carry out this sort of operation."}, {"end": "00:08:17", "start": "00:08:16", "text": "And Rabin said,"}, {"end": "00:08:18", "start": "00:08:17", "text": "You know what?"}, {"end": "00:08:19", "start": "00:08:18", "text": "You're right,"}, {"end": "00:08:20", "start": "00:08:19", "text": "let's go back in."}, {"end": "00:08:24", "start": "00:08:21", "text": "And so it became 6-4 and 4 against in the vote."}, {"end": "00:08:29", "start": "00:08:27", "text": "It's approved and the government gives the green light."}, {"end": "00:08:31", "start": "00:08:29", "text": "Abu Jihad will be eliminated."}, {"end": "00:08:34", "start": "00:08:33", "text": "Slight problem,"}, {"end": "00:08:37", "start": "00:08:34", "text": "the PLO's deputy leader lives in Tunisia,"}, {"end": "00:08:39", "start": "00:08:37", "text": "a country then hostile to Israel."}, {"end": "00:08:42", "start": "00:08:40", "text": "So the operation is a risky one."}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "In Tunis,"}, {"end": "00:08:47", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "the target lives in the Sidi Bou Saida neighborhood with his wife and children."}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "Doubtlessly protected by Tunisian security and his personal bodyguards,"}, {"end": "00:08:57", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "all of Israel's intelligence services are asked to contribute to the planning."}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:57", "text": "Oded Raz,"}, {"end": "00:09:00", "start": "00:08:59", "text": "profiler of Abu Jihad,"}, {"end": "00:09:02", "start": "00:09:00", "text": "will spend more than a year investigating the target."}, {"end": "00:09:07", "start": "00:09:03", "text": "It takes months to plan an attack like this."}, {"end": "00:09:10", "start": "00:09:07", "text": "A lot of people deal with it."}, {"end": "00:09:12", "start": "00:09:10", "text": "The Army intelligence,"}, {"end": "00:09:12", "start": "00:09:12", "text": "the"}, {"end": "00:09:18", "start": "00:09:13", "text": "Shabak and the Mustad, and the National Security advisor."}, {"end": "00:09:19", "start": "00:09:18", "text": "And the government."}, {"end": "00:09:22", "start": "00:09:22", "text": "It's not a..."}, {"end": "00:09:24", "start": "00:09:22", "text": "You don't kill people like this."}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "Oded Raz,"}, {"end": "00:09:29", "start": "00:09:27", "text": "the man who studied Abu Jihad's profile,"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:29", "text": "is asked to analyze every move the PLO's number two makes."}, {"end": "00:09:36", "start": "00:09:34", "text": "But Arafat's right-hand man is wary."}, {"end": "00:09:38", "start": "00:09:36", "text": "He is like a frightened people,"}, {"end": "00:09:38", "start": "00:09:38", "text": "like an animal."}, {"end": "00:09:39", "start": "00:09:39", "text": "He's..."}, {"end": "00:09:41", "start": "00:09:39", "text": "Changing all the time his plan or..."}, {"end": "00:09:43", "start": "00:09:41", "text": "All the time his plan, or flats,"}, {"end": "00:09:44", "start": "00:09:43", "text": "offices,"}, {"end": "00:09:48", "start": "00:09:44", "text": "how he goes from one point to another point."}, {"end": "00:09:54", "start": "00:09:49", "text": "Living like a hounded animal alongside the PLO's deputy leader is the love of his life."}, {"end": "00:09:57", "start": "00:09:54", "text": "A woman he'd met 30 years earlier in Gaza."}, {"end": "00:10:02", "start": "00:09:58", "text": "It was a love story."}, {"end": "00:10:04", "start": "00:10:03", "text": "I liked his ideas."}, {"end": "00:10:09", "start": "00:10:04", "text": "I was crazy about him."}, {"end": "00:10:12", "start": "00:10:10", "text": "I was just 14 at the beginning."}, {"end": "00:10:14", "start": "00:10:13", "text": "It was a hidden love."}, {"end": "00:10:16", "start": "00:10:14", "text": "Nobody knew about it."}, {"end": "00:10:19", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "He told me,"}, {"end": "00:10:21", "start": "00:10:20", "text": "you want to marry me?"}, {"end": "00:10:22", "start": "00:10:22", "text": "I love you."}, {"end": "00:10:26", "start": "00:10:22", "text": "But you are maybe lost me."}, {"end": "00:10:29", "start": "00:10:27", "text": "I am martyrs,"}, {"end": "00:10:30", "start": "00:10:29", "text": "maybe."}, {"end": "00:10:30", "start": "00:10:30", "text": "I am prisoners,"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "maybe."}, {"end": "00:10:32", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "I am wounded."}, {"end": "00:10:33", "start": "00:10:32", "text": "person,"}, {"end": "00:10:33", "start": "00:10:33", "text": "maybe,"}, {"end": "00:10:34", "start": "00:10:34", "text": "tell you,"}, {"end": "00:10:34", "start": "00:10:34", "text": "yes,"}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:35", "text": "that's for you,"}, {"end": "00:10:38", "start": "00:10:37", "text": "and that's the same for me."}, {"end": "00:10:43", "start": "00:10:39", "text": "So we want to try together."}, {"end": "00:10:45", "start": "00:10:43", "text": "Abba, Jihad wasn't wrong."}, {"end": "00:10:46", "start": "00:10:45", "text": "25 years later,"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:47", "text": "he's in the sights of the Israeli Secret Services."}, {"end": "00:10:53", "start": "00:10:51", "text": "In 1987,"}, {"end": "00:10:53", "start": "00:10:53", "text": "after checks,"}, {"end": "00:10:54", "start": "00:10:54", "text": "cross-checks,"}, {"end": "00:10:55", "start": "00:10:54", "text": "surveillance,"}, {"end": "00:10:58", "start": "00:10:55", "text": "Mossad obtained some crucial intelligence,"}, {"end": "00:10:59", "start": "00:10:58", "text": "details of his personal life."}, {"end": "00:11:06", "start": "00:11:03", "text": "These allow Elias and his men to prepare his execution with precision."}, {"end": "00:11:11", "start": "00:11:10", "text": "I had his address,"}, {"end": "00:11:12", "start": "00:11:11", "text": "and since he had a wife,"}, {"end": "00:11:15", "start": "00:11:13", "text": "there was a reason for him to go home."}, {"end": "00:11:20", "start": "00:11:18", "text": "We knew the operation would be carried out in his home."}, {"end": "00:11:25", "start": "00:11:22", "text": "We had the layout of his house and we knew every step,"}, {"end": "00:11:26", "start": "00:11:25", "text": "on every staircase."}, {"end": "00:11:28", "start": "00:11:27", "text": "We had a lot of information."}, {"end": "00:11:31", "start": "00:11:29", "text": "We even knew he slept with a gun under his pillow."}, {"end": "00:11:37", "start": "00:11:37", "text": "At the time,"}, {"end": "00:11:41", "start": "00:11:37", "text": "Abu Jihad suspected the Israelis might booby-trap his car,"}, {"end": "00:11:43", "start": "00:11:42", "text": "and he warned his wife."}, {"end": "00:11:49", "start": "00:11:44", "text": "He afraid many times to take me with him in his car."}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:49", "text": "Yeah?"}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:50", "text": "Yes."}, {"end": "00:11:51", "start": "00:11:51", "text": "He..."}, {"end": "00:11:58", "start": "00:11:51", "text": "That not allowed me to join him anywhere."}, {"end": "00:11:59", "start": "00:11:59", "text": "It's true,"}, {"end": "00:12:01", "start": "00:11:59", "text": "we knew the route that he would take."}, {"end": "00:12:03", "start": "00:12:02", "text": "We could have bombed his car."}, {"end": "00:12:05", "start": "00:12:04", "text": "But in the end,"}, {"end": "00:12:07", "start": "00:12:05", "text": "you choose the method that has 99%"}, {"end": "00:12:08", "start": "00:12:07", "text": "chance of success."}, {"end": "00:12:12", "start": "00:12:09", "text": "The objective was to kill Abu Jihad,"}, {"end": "00:12:13", "start": "00:12:12", "text": "not wound him."}, {"end": "00:12:16", "start": "00:12:13", "text": "You can't be sure an explosion will kill a target."}, {"end": "00:12:18", "start": "00:12:17", "text": "But if you shoot him at close range,"}, {"end": "00:12:20", "start": "00:12:18", "text": "then you'll know he'll die."}, {"end": "00:12:39", "start": "00:12:23", "text": "By the beginning of 1988, the procedure had been chosen. Warships would sell for Tunis, where a commander unit would secretly disembark and make its way to the House of Abu Jiha. The"}, {"end": "00:12:48", "start": "00:12:39", "text": "operation is completely unlawful and needs to be executed as quickly as possible. The 18th of April"}, {"end": "00:12:50", "start": "00:12:48", "text": "1988 is D-Day."}, {"end": "00:12:55", "start": "00:12:54", "text": "En route to Tunis,"}, {"end": "00:12:59", "start": "00:12:55", "text": "the commander unit receives a last coded signal from Israel's military headquarters."}, {"end": "00:13:07", "start": "00:13:05", "text": "The nights are now short."}, {"end": "00:13:11", "start": "00:13:08", "text": "The mission and the operation have to be very precise,"}, {"end": "00:13:12", "start": "00:13:12", "text": "very quick."}, {"end": "00:13:15", "start": "00:13:13", "text": "And we wish you every success."}, {"end": "00:13:20", "start": "00:13:19", "text": "In Tunis,"}, {"end": "00:13:22", "start": "00:13:20", "text": "Mossad informants carry out one last check."}, {"end": "00:13:28", "start": "00:13:28", "text": "Before the attack,"}, {"end": "00:13:31", "start": "00:13:28", "text": "they make sure the target is indeed at home."}, {"end": "00:13:34", "start": "00:13:33", "text": "They ring his phone,"}, {"end": "00:13:36", "start": "00:13:34", "text": "and it's Umm, Jihad that answers."}, {"end": "00:13:43", "start": "00:13:40", "text": "The caller asked to speak with Abu Jihad."}, {"end": "00:13:44", "start": "00:13:43", "text": "She wanted to inform him that,"}, {"end": "00:13:45", "start": "00:13:44", "text": "quote,"}, {"end": "00:13:47", "start": "00:13:45", "text": "one of his nephews had been captured."}, {"end": "00:13:50", "start": "00:13:48", "text": "By passing the phone to her husband,"}, {"end": "00:13:53", "start": "00:13:50", "text": "Umm Jihad had unwittingly signed his death warrant."}, {"end": "00:13:57", "start": "00:13:54", "text": "The Israelis tapping the phone now had the confirmation they needed."}, {"end": "00:14:13", "start": "00:13:58", "text": "The PLO's number two was indeed at home. Abu Jihad is unaware that, just a few kilometers off the coast of Sidi. Bu said several Israeli warships have taken up station. The operation is directed from a frigate on"}, {"end": "00:14:15", "start": "00:14:13", "text": "board, a young colonel, a certain Ehud Barack."}, {"end": "00:14:25", "start": "00:14:16", "text": "20 years later, he will become the Prime Minister of Israel. At 2300 hours, a speedboat heads towards the coast of Tunis."}, {"end": "00:14:30", "start": "00:14:27", "text": "On board is the unit whose task is to assassinate Abu Jihad."}, {"end": "00:14:32", "start": "00:14:31", "text": "At 23.15,"}, {"end": "00:14:38", "start": "00:14:33", "text": "about 20 men board two minibuses and make their way to the home of the PLO's deputy leader."}, {"end": "00:14:44", "start": "00:14:43", "text": "If the Mossad agents are discovered,"}, {"end": "00:14:46", "start": "00:14:45", "text": "it would be a catastrophe."}, {"end": "00:14:55", "start": "00:14:51", "text": "Military HQ in Tel Aviv is anxious and sends another radio signal."}, {"end": "00:15:05", "start": "00:15:05", "text": "In a few minutes,"}, {"end": "00:15:08", "start": "00:15:06", "text": "the Mossad agents are at Abu Jihad's front door."}, {"end": "00:15:12", "start": "00:15:11", "text": "Everything seems calm,"}, {"end": "00:15:15", "start": "00:15:13", "text": "with just one sentry keeping watch."}, {"end": "00:15:20", "start": "00:15:18", "text": "They killed the guard with a silencer."}, {"end": "00:15:24", "start": "00:15:21", "text": "From the death of the guard to reaching his bedroom took barely 10 seconds."}, {"end": "00:15:44", "start": "00:15:40", "text": "I woke up with a start because of the cries and the noise of the table breaking."}, {"end": "00:15:53", "start": "00:15:46", "text": "Then"}, {"end": "00:15:54", "start": "00:15:54", "text": "I saw four men."}, {"end": "00:15:59", "start": "00:15:55", "text": "Some of them opened fire,"}, {"end": "00:16:01", "start": "00:15:59", "text": "wounded him in his arm."}, {"end": "00:16:05", "start": "00:16:04", "text": "My husband tried to turn, but he fell."}, {"end": "00:16:08", "start": "00:16:07", "text": "I ran after him to hold him back."}, {"end": "00:16:13", "start": "00:16:12", "text": "I shot him,"}, {"end": "00:16:13", "start": "00:16:13", "text": "threatened to kill me,"}, {"end": "00:16:15", "start": "00:16:14", "text": "told me to stand facing the wall."}, {"end": "00:16:25", "start": "00:16:19", "text": "The woman screamed, so they took her away."}, {"end": "00:16:30", "start": "00:16:28", "text": "They covered her mouth and took care of her."}, {"end": "00:16:36", "start": "00:16:34", "text": "Another man came and shot him a second time."}, {"end": "00:16:41", "start": "00:16:38", "text": "Then a third man shot him."}, {"end": "00:16:49", "start": "00:16:42", "text": "And a fourth."}, {"end": "00:16:51", "start": "00:16:49", "text": "A fifth man came to shoot Abu Jihad again."}, {"end": "00:16:57", "start": "00:16:52", "text": "And I cried out,"}, {"end": "00:16:58", "start": "00:16:57", "text": "stop,"}, {"end": "00:17:00", "start": "00:16:58", "text": "that's enough."}, {"end": "00:17:00", "start": "00:17:00", "text": "Stop."}, {"end": "00:17:22", "start": "00:17:07", "text": "And the bus? The PLO inquiry said Abu Jihad had been struck by 75 bullets fired by five different guns. The whole operation took less than 10 minutes. The"}, {"end": "00:17:29", "start": "00:17:22", "text": "senior commando, still out of breath, radios back to the frigate off Tunis that the operation had been a success."}, {"end": "00:17:43", "start": "00:17:43", "text": "Bogart,"}, {"end": "00:17:46", "start": "00:17:44", "text": "the head of the commando unit that had just killed Abu Jihad,"}, {"end": "00:17:49", "start": "00:17:47", "text": "would carve out a career in politics."}, {"end": "00:17:52", "start": "00:17:49", "text": "Bogart is no other than the current Minister of Defense in Israel,"}, {"end": "00:17:54", "start": "00:17:53", "text": "Moshe Bogi"}, {"end": "00:17:54", "start": "00:17:54", "text": "Yalon."}, {"end": "00:18:00", "start": "00:17:57", "text": "Serving in the Hebrew state's security services often seems to lead to a lot of trouble."}, {"end": "00:18:02", "start": "00:18:00", "text": "To a future in politics."}, {"end": "00:18:06", "start": "00:18:05", "text": "Returning to Israel,"}, {"end": "00:18:09", "start": "00:18:06", "text": "as these recently declassified photos illustrate,"}, {"end": "00:18:14", "start": "00:18:09", "text": "the commando and senior officers celebrate the elimination of their enemy with champagne."}, {"end": "00:18:20", "start": "00:18:19", "text": "On the way home,"}, {"end": "00:18:21", "start": "00:18:20", "text": "the men were happy,"}, {"end": "00:18:22", "start": "00:18:21", "text": "but there was no sense of triumph."}, {"end": "00:18:23", "start": "00:18:23", "text": "No one was singing."}, {"end": "00:18:24", "start": "00:18:24", "text": "We got home,"}, {"end": "00:18:27", "start": "00:18:25", "text": "the Prime Minister congratulated us and said,"}, {"end": "00:18:28", "start": "00:18:27", "text": "Thank you very much."}, {"end": "00:18:32", "start": "00:18:30", "text": "Early on the morning of the 19th of April,"}, {"end": "00:18:33", "start": "00:18:32", "text": "1988,"}, {"end": "00:18:34", "start": "00:18:33", "text": "a few hours after his death,"}, {"end": "00:18:38", "start": "00:18:34", "text": "news of Abu Jihad's killing explodes onto the world's media."}, {"end": "00:18:40", "start": "00:18:40", "text": "Good evening,"}, {"end": "00:18:41", "start": "00:18:41", "text": "ladies and gentlemen."}, {"end": "00:18:45", "start": "00:18:42", "text": "Our top story this Saturday morning is the assassination of Abu Jihad."}, {"end": "00:18:46", "start": "00:18:46", "text": "Good evening."}, {"end": "00:18:49", "start": "00:18:46", "text": "The Middle East is again in flames tonight."}, {"end": "00:18:49", "start": "00:18:49", "text": "In Tunis,"}, {"end": "00:18:54", "start": "00:18:49", "text": "a team of assassins gunned down the PLO's military leader and Yasser Arafat's top deputy,"}, {"end": "00:18:57", "start": "00:18:55", "text": "a guerrilla leader known as Abu Jihad."}, {"end": "00:18:59", "start": "00:18:58", "text": "In the middle of the night,"}, {"end": "00:19:01", "start": "00:18:59", "text": "at his residence in Tunis,"}, {"end": "00:19:05", "start": "00:19:01", "text": "the PLO's number two was assassinated in front of his wife and daughter."}, {"end": "00:19:07", "start": "00:19:06", "text": "It's squad gunned down the victim,"}, {"end": "00:19:09", "start": "00:19:07", "text": "known as Abu Jihad,"}, {"end": "00:19:10", "start": "00:19:09", "text": "at his home in Tunis."}, {"end": "00:19:15", "start": "00:19:12", "text": "The media almost immediately suspects Israel was responsible."}, {"end": "00:19:17", "start": "00:19:16", "text": "In Tel Aviv,"}, {"end": "00:19:19", "start": "00:19:17", "text": "as they do after every Mossad operation,"}, {"end": "00:19:22", "start": "00:19:19", "text": "the authorities neither confirm or deny the reports."}, {"end": "00:19:25", "start": "00:19:24", "text": "The day after the assassination,"}, {"end": "00:19:27", "start": "00:19:25", "text": "Yasser Arafat visits his deputy's home."}, {"end": "00:19:31", "start": "00:19:31", "text": "In Gaza,"}, {"end": "00:19:35", "start": "00:19:32", "text": "the Palestinians call for revenge against Israel."}, {"end": "00:19:42", "start": "00:19:41", "text": "In Tel Aviv,"}, {"end": "00:19:42", "start": "00:19:42", "text": "Moshe Nisim,"}, {"end": "00:19:45", "start": "00:19:42", "text": "the minister who'd persuaded Rabin to support the operation,"}, {"end": "00:19:47", "start": "00:19:46", "text": "savors its success."}, {"end": "00:19:54", "start": "00:19:51", "text": "When I returned to the next security cabinet meeting,"}, {"end": "00:19:57", "start": "00:19:55", "text": "Yitzhak Rabin asked me to follow him,"}, {"end": "00:20:02", "start": "00:20:00", "text": "saying he had something to tell me."}, {"end": "00:20:05", "start": "00:20:04", "text": "And he said,"}, {"end": "00:20:08", "start": "00:20:06", "text": "you'll never know just how right you were."}, {"end": "00:20:10", "start": "00:20:10", "text": "The Israelis'"}, {"end": "00:20:12", "start": "00:20:10", "text": "morale is very high now."}, {"end": "00:20:15", "start": "00:20:13", "text": "And Sunday,"}, {"end": "00:20:17", "start": "00:20:16", "text": "whenever I go out in the car,"}, {"end": "00:20:18", "start": "00:20:17", "text": "the people are applauding me."}, {"end": "00:20:25", "start": "00:20:20", "text": "The victory sign."}, {"end": "00:20:29", "start": "00:20:27", "text": "It's really made the people very happy."}, {"end": "00:20:32", "start": "00:20:29", "text": "The morale is so high now."}, {"end": "00:20:36", "start": "00:20:35", "text": "In 1993,"}, {"end": "00:20:41", "start": "00:20:36", "text": "the Oslo Accords finally bring the PLO and Israel together to negotiate a peace process."}, {"end": "00:20:46", "start": "00:20:43", "text": "But the reprieve will be brief for the Jewish state."}, {"end": "00:20:52", "start": "00:20:50", "text": "By the mid-1990s,"}, {"end": "00:20:57", "start": "00:20:52", "text": "Palestinians opposed to the Oslo process join a new resistance movement taking on Israel,"}, {"end": "00:20:59", "start": "00:20:59", "text": "Hamas."}, {"end": "00:21:09", "start": "00:21:04", "text": "Islamist and radical Hamas unleashes a new series of violent attacks against Israel."}, {"end": "00:21:12", "start": "00:21:12", "text": "On the"}, {"end": "00:21:14", "start": "00:21:12", "text": "31st of July 1997,"}, {"end": "00:21:17", "start": "00:21:14", "text": "a market in Jerusalem is targeted with full force."}, {"end": "00:21:20", "start": "00:21:18", "text": "A suicide bomber kills 14 and injures"}, {"end": "00:21:27", "start": "00:21:21", "text": "156 others."}, {"end": "00:21:32", "start": "00:21:27", "text": "The then Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, demands a list of Hamas activists to be killed."}, {"end": "00:21:42", "start": "00:21:37", "text": "His closest military advisor at the time remembers the absolute determination of the Israeli premier."}, {"end": "00:21:50", "start": "00:21:50", "text": "After the attack,"}, {"end": "00:21:56", "start": "00:21:51", "text": "the Prime Minister ordered all of the security services to come up with a plan."}, {"end": "00:22:02", "start": "00:22:00", "text": "So all the security services..."}, {"end": "00:22:04", "start": "00:22:03", "text": "Including Shimbait,"}, {"end": "00:22:07", "start": "00:22:05", "text": "including military intelligence and Mossad,"}, {"end": "00:22:14", "start": "00:22:09", "text": "started doing what they could to get information and find the targets."}, {"end": "00:22:19", "start": "00:22:15", "text": "Benjamin Netanyahu called in all the heads of the intelligence and said,"}, {"end": "00:22:21", "start": "00:22:19", "text": "I want a reaction."}, {"end": "00:22:24", "start": "00:22:23", "text": "Give me a list of targets."}, {"end": "00:22:25", "start": "00:22:25", "text": "Now,"}, {"end": "00:22:28", "start": "00:22:26", "text": "Shin Bet and military intelligence didn't have anything."}, {"end": "00:22:30", "start": "00:22:29", "text": "Mossad gave,"}, {"end": "00:22:30", "start": "00:22:30", "text": "At first,"}, {"end": "00:22:37", "start": "00:22:30", "text": "Mossad gave the names of few middle-rank operatives of Hamas in Europe."}, {"end": "00:22:39", "start": "00:22:38", "text": "Netanyahu said,"}, {"end": "00:22:39", "start": "00:22:39", "text": "no,"}, {"end": "00:22:39", "start": "00:22:39", "text": "no,"}, {"end": "00:22:41", "start": "00:22:39", "text": "I don't want these small fish,"}, {"end": "00:22:43", "start": "00:22:42", "text": "I want the big sharks."}, {"end": "00:22:50", "start": "00:22:46", "text": "The job of netting the Big Sharks fell to Mishka Ben-David,"}, {"end": "00:22:52", "start": "00:22:51", "text": "a former philosophy teacher."}, {"end": "00:22:56", "start": "00:22:52", "text": "And then the head of intelligence for Mossad's clandestine operations."}, {"end": "00:23:00", "start": "00:22:57", "text": "He agrees to be interviewed at home, on the hills above Jerusalem."}, {"end": "00:23:02", "start": "00:23:01", "text": "So you want to see the view first?"}, {"end": "00:23:03", "start": "00:23:02", "text": "Yes."}, {"end": "00:23:06", "start": "00:23:04", "text": "If you go all the way down there,"}, {"end": "00:23:08", "start": "00:23:06", "text": "which is now very hazy,"}, {"end": "00:23:09", "start": "00:23:08", "text": "you can see Gaza."}, {"end": "00:23:14", "start": "00:23:12", "text": "You can see the entire width of Israel."}, {"end": "00:23:17", "start": "00:23:15", "text": "Less than 60 kilometers to the sea."}, {"end": "00:23:18", "start": "00:23:18", "text": "Gaza,"}, {"end": "00:23:19", "start": "00:23:18", "text": "the West Bank."}, {"end": "00:23:21", "start": "00:23:21", "text": "That's all there is."}, {"end": "00:23:25", "start": "00:23:22", "text": "People don't realize how small Israel is."}, {"end": "00:23:29", "start": "00:23:25", "text": "In 1997,"}, {"end": "00:23:34", "start": "00:23:29", "text": "Mishka Ben-David comes up with his own hit list of Hamas officials for the prime minister."}, {"end": "00:23:36", "start": "00:23:35", "text": "For the first time,"}, {"end": "00:23:38", "start": "00:23:36", "text": "he talks openly on camera."}, {"end": "00:23:42", "start": "00:23:41", "text": "We made a list of them."}, {"end": "00:23:45", "start": "00:23:43", "text": "And then we went..."}, {"end": "00:23:47", "start": "00:23:47", "text": "To"}, {"end": "00:23:52", "start": "00:23:48", "text": "Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to present the list."}, {"end": "00:23:54", "start": "00:23:53", "text": "And Netanyahu,"}, {"end": "00:23:56", "start": "00:23:55", "text": "after reviewing the list,"}, {"end": "00:24:01", "start": "00:23:57", "text": "decided that we must go for the heads of Hamas."}, {"end": "00:24:05", "start": "00:24:03", "text": "We studied every attack that had taken place that year."}, {"end": "00:24:08", "start": "00:24:07", "text": "After discussing the issue,"}, {"end": "00:24:13", "start": "00:24:08", "text": "we decided that Khaled Meshal was behind the new wave of bombings and that we had to eliminate him."}, {"end": "00:24:20", "start": "00:24:17", "text": "The target now has a name and a face."}, {"end": "00:24:21", "start": "00:24:21", "text": "Khaled Meshal,"}, {"end": "00:24:24", "start": "00:24:22", "text": "then a senior figure inside Hamas."}, {"end": "00:24:27", "start": "00:24:25", "text": "Originally from the occupied territories,"}, {"end": "00:24:31", "start": "00:24:27", "text": "he lived in exile in Kuwait before moving to Jordan."}, {"end": "00:24:34", "start": "00:24:32", "text": "According to the Israelis,"}, {"end": "00:24:36", "start": "00:24:34", "text": "he had directed operations from Jordan throughout the"}, {"end": "00:24:40", "start": "00:24:37", "text": "1990s, ordering dozens of suicide bombings in Israel."}, {"end": "00:24:48", "start": "00:24:46", "text": "He was the head of Hamas's political office,"}, {"end": "00:24:52", "start": "00:24:49", "text": "but the term political office is misleading,"}, {"end": "00:24:54", "start": "00:24:53", "text": "because it also dealt with the"}, {"end": "00:24:58", "start": "00:24:54", "text": "Mukawama, the terrorist actions against Israel."}, {"end": "00:25:00", "start": "00:24:58", "text": "He was the head of the office,"}, {"end": "00:25:01", "start": "00:25:00", "text": "highly placed,"}, {"end": "00:25:01", "start": "00:25:01", "text": "we believe,"}, {"end": "00:25:04", "start": "00:25:02", "text": "to be able to order such attacks."}, {"end": "00:25:26", "start": "00:25:07", "text": "Two months after the attack on the market in Jerusalem, the decision is official. Michelle must be eliminated, but there's a problem. Michelle is in Jordan, a country Israel had signed a historic peace treaty with, three"}, {"end": "00:25:29", "start": "00:25:26", "text": "years earlier, in 1994."}, {"end": "00:25:35", "start": "00:25:29", "text": "The treaty ended 30 years of confrontation between the two neighbors. On the day of the treaty."}, {"end": "00:25:45", "start": "00:25:35", "text": "President Bill Clinton had flown in to see Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and King Hussein of Jordan to witness the signing in person."}, {"end": "00:25:49", "start": "00:25:46", "text": "This is peace with dignity."}, {"end": "00:25:52", "start": "00:25:51", "text": "This is peace with commitment."}, {"end": "00:26:00", "start": "00:25:54", "text": "This is our gift to our peoples and the generations to come."}, {"end": "00:26:25", "start": "00:26:09", "text": "Given the treaty, it was difficult for Israel to secretly kill an enemy inside Jordan. But for Netanyahu, eliminating Meshau was a national priority. Netanyahu doesn't want it to be an"}, {"end": "00:26:33", "start": "00:26:25", "text": "obvious, clear uh operation. Uh we. We call it a mizarash."}, {"end": "00:26:37", "start": "00:26:33", "text": "He didn't want a big operation with explosives and lots of shooting."}, {"end": "00:26:40", "start": "00:26:38", "text": "Netanyahu said,"}, {"end": "00:26:42", "start": "00:26:40", "text": "it has to be a quiet mission,"}, {"end": "00:26:44", "start": "00:26:42", "text": "even if it's something that maybe you're not familiar with."}, {"end": "00:26:47", "start": "00:26:44", "text": "The operation has to be conducted without anyone knowing."}, {"end": "00:26:51", "start": "00:26:47", "text": "I don't want to risk our relationship with Jordan."}, {"end": "00:27:12", "start": "00:27:07", "text": "Mishka Ben David's men decide the most discreet way to kill Mashal is to poison him."}, {"end": "00:27:20", "start": "00:27:13", "text": "The purpose of the poison was to create a fast,"}, {"end": "00:27:21", "start": "00:27:20", "text": "but not too fast,"}, {"end": "00:27:25", "start": "00:27:21", "text": "death of Khaled Mashal that could not be traced."}, {"end": "00:27:36", "start": "00:27:25", "text": "That could not be attributed to Mossad, and it would happen hours after. All the operatives that were involved in the operation are all long gone and out of Jordan."}, {"end": "00:27:42", "start": "00:27:39", "text": "But even to poison Mashal means getting close physically."}, {"end": "00:27:52", "start": "00:27:45", "text": "Members of Mossad's assassination squad, therefore, decide to take a look at the offices from where Mashal directs Hamas operations."}, {"end": "00:27:58", "start": "00:27:54", "text": "The original plan was based on using two operatives."}, {"end": "00:28:05", "start": "00:27:59", "text": "They would wait behind one of the walls in Hashem's center until"}, {"end": "00:28:07", "start": "00:28:05", "text": "Khaled Mashal comes to work."}, {"end": "00:28:09", "start": "00:28:08", "text": "He exits the car."}, {"end": "00:28:12", "start": "00:28:09", "text": "He starts walking up the stairs towards his office."}, {"end": "00:28:14", "start": "00:28:13", "text": "They follow him,"}, {"end": "00:28:21", "start": "00:28:15", "text": "and then one of them is holding the canister with the poison."}, {"end": "00:28:23", "start": "00:28:21", "text": "The other one is holding a well-shaken canister."}, {"end": "00:28:36", "start": "00:28:24", "text": "Coca-Cola can One agent is spraying Khaled Mashal back head with the poison, and at the same time, the other agent opens the coca-cola can and spraying coca-cola all over Khaled Mashal."}, {"end": "00:28:46", "start": "00:28:38", "text": "Mashal feels something wet in his, on his head, he turns around and all he sees is one or two embarrassed tourists."}, {"end": "00:28:49", "start": "00:28:47", "text": "Canadian tourist apologizing,"}, {"end": "00:28:51", "start": "00:28:49", "text": "I'm sorry for spraying you,"}, {"end": "00:28:53", "start": "00:28:51", "text": "I'm sorry for ruining your shirt,"}, {"end": "00:28:55", "start": "00:28:53", "text": "Do you want any money for the dry cleaning,"}, {"end": "00:28:55", "start": "00:28:55", "text": "etc."}, {"end": "00:29:03", "start": "00:28:57", "text": "The purpose of the coca-cola was just to use as a disguise for the moisture of the poison."}, {"end": "00:29:05", "start": "00:29:04", "text": "August 1997,"}, {"end": "00:29:08", "start": "00:29:06", "text": "30 days before D-Day."}, {"end": "00:29:11", "start": "00:29:08", "text": "The Mossad hit squad are rehearsing in the open,"}, {"end": "00:29:13", "start": "00:29:11", "text": "in the streets of Tel Aviv."}, {"end": "00:29:15", "start": "00:29:14", "text": "A can of coke in one hand and a..."}, {"end": "00:29:17", "start": "00:29:15", "text": "Pretend poison spray in the other."}, {"end": "00:29:20", "start": "00:29:18", "text": "They practice on random passers-by."}, {"end": "00:29:25", "start": "00:29:20", "text": "When it was implemented dozens and dozens of times in the streets of"}, {"end": "00:29:27", "start": "00:29:26", "text": "Israel, it worked."}, {"end": "00:29:28", "start": "00:29:28", "text": "It worked."}, {"end": "00:29:29", "start": "00:29:29", "text": "Yes."}, {"end": "00:29:31", "start": "00:29:30", "text": "They improved it all the time,"}, {"end": "00:29:37", "start": "00:29:32", "text": "until they were quite sure that it's going to work in Amman as well."}, {"end": "00:29:41", "start": "00:29:39", "text": "With the killing technique now perfected,"}, {"end": "00:29:43", "start": "00:29:41", "text": "the Mossad team under Mishka Ben-David"}, {"end": "00:29:47", "start": "00:29:43", "text": "is due to head to the Jordanian capital with fake Canadian passports."}, {"end": "00:29:51", "start": "00:29:50", "text": "Here he is pretending to be a tourist,"}, {"end": "00:29:55", "start": "00:29:51", "text": "enjoying himself as he visits the archaeological sites in Amman."}, {"end": "00:30:01", "start": "00:29:58", "text": "Were you really visiting that, or it was just for your cover?"}, {"end": "00:30:02", "start": "00:30:01", "text": "It's a combination."}, {"end": "00:30:06", "start": "00:30:02", "text": "I wanted to be there and of course, I needed it for my cover."}, {"end": "00:30:10", "start": "00:30:06", "text": "You cannot be for a week a tourist in Jordan and not go anywhere,"}, {"end": "00:30:11", "start": "00:30:10", "text": "just to be in the hotel."}, {"end": "00:30:15", "start": "00:30:11", "text": "And that was maybe just the day before, you think?"}, {"end": "00:30:17", "start": "00:30:15", "text": "Could be the day before or two days before."}, {"end": "00:30:18", "start": "00:30:18", "text": "Yeah,"}, {"end": "00:30:18", "start": "00:30:18", "text": "could be."}, {"end": "00:30:20", "start": "00:30:19", "text": "It's definitely not the day after."}, {"end": "00:30:27", "start": "00:30:25", "text": "The operation gets underway."}, {"end": "00:30:30", "start": "00:30:27", "text": "It's the 25th of September, 1997."}, {"end": "00:30:35", "start": "00:30:31", "text": "The agents take up positions near the offices of Khaled Meshal."}, {"end": "00:30:39", "start": "00:30:37", "text": "Mishka Ben David sets up operational"}, {"end": "00:30:42", "start": "00:30:40", "text": "HQ at the Intercontinental Hotel."}, {"end": "00:30:47", "start": "00:30:45", "text": "With him is a Mossad doctor."}, {"end": "00:30:48", "start": "00:30:47", "text": "In his bag,"}, {"end": "00:30:49", "start": "00:30:48", "text": "an antidote to the poison,"}, {"end": "00:30:51", "start": "00:30:50", "text": "in case an agent is infected."}, {"end": "00:30:54", "start": "00:30:53", "text": "Not far away,"}, {"end": "00:30:56", "start": "00:30:54", "text": "the two killers wait for the target,"}, {"end": "00:30:58", "start": "00:30:57", "text": "in front of his offices."}, {"end": "00:31:03", "start": "00:31:01", "text": "And it's the target himself who now takes up the story."}, {"end": "00:31:10", "start": "00:31:04", "text": "A car pulled up in front of the building."}, {"end": "00:31:17", "start": "00:31:10", "text": "And I noticed two men on the pavement opposite."}, {"end": "00:31:19", "start": "00:31:18", "text": "I watched them."}, {"end": "00:31:26", "start": "00:31:20", "text": "They seemed strange and acted suspiciously."}, {"end": "00:31:29", "start": "00:31:28", "text": "When I got off the car,"}, {"end": "00:31:30", "start": "00:31:29", "text": "instead of heading for my office,"}, {"end": "00:31:35", "start": "00:31:31", "text": "I went round to the other side of the car to let my kids out."}, {"end": "00:31:38", "start": "00:31:36", "text": "I was meant to take them to the hairdressers."}, {"end": "00:31:42", "start": "00:31:38", "text": "And then when I was on the paper,"}, {"end": "00:31:45", "start": "00:31:42", "text": "even before getting to the entrance of the building,"}, {"end": "00:31:47", "start": "00:31:46", "text": "the two men attacked me to my right."}, {"end": "00:31:51", "start": "00:31:49", "text": "It was precisely what I was expecting."}, {"end": "00:32:00", "start": "00:31:57", "text": "They started to spray him with the poison and the Coca-Cola."}, {"end": "00:32:03", "start": "00:32:00", "text": "And instead of hitting the back of his head,"}, {"end": "00:32:04", "start": "00:32:03", "text": "they hit his ear."}, {"end": "00:32:07", "start": "00:32:05", "text": "I heard this very loud noise in my left ear,"}, {"end": "00:32:11", "start": "00:32:08", "text": "and I felt like an electric shock all through my body."}, {"end": "00:32:17", "start": "00:32:12", "text": "The two agents started to run to the other direction."}, {"end": "00:32:19", "start": "00:32:18", "text": "And at the same time,"}, {"end": "00:32:22", "start": "00:32:19", "text": "another Hamas operative came and saw the whole happening."}, {"end": "00:32:24", "start": "00:32:23", "text": "And he started to..."}, {"end": "00:32:26", "start": "00:32:25", "text": "Follow the two agents,"}, {"end": "00:32:27", "start": "00:32:26", "text": "the two operatives,"}, {"end": "00:32:30", "start": "00:32:28", "text": "that were going towards the getaway car."}, {"end": "00:32:36", "start": "00:32:32", "text": "The car screaming away attracts the attention of a passing driver,"}, {"end": "00:32:37", "start": "00:32:36", "text": "a pro-Hammaz sympathizer."}, {"end": "00:32:39", "start": "00:32:38", "text": "Intrigued,"}, {"end": "00:32:40", "start": "00:32:39", "text": "he sets off in hot pursuit,"}, {"end": "00:32:42", "start": "00:32:41", "text": "up to the Mossad agents."}, {"end": "00:32:45", "start": "00:32:42", "text": "The car chase winds through the streets of Amman."}, {"end": "00:32:48", "start": "00:32:47", "text": "After 800 meters,"}, {"end": "00:32:50", "start": "00:32:49", "text": "the two Israelis,"}, {"end": "00:32:51", "start": "00:32:50", "text": "knowing they're being chased,"}, {"end": "00:32:52", "start": "00:32:51", "text": "leap from the car."}, {"end": "00:33:17", "start": "00:32:53", "text": "They find themselves on some wasteland. Still chased by the Jordanian. The crowd soon forms, trapped by the mob, who forces them to a local police station. The two agents are soon unmasked as masad operatives by Jordanian intelligence services. Who"}, {"end": "00:33:22", "start": "00:33:17", "text": "side at his hotel. Mishka Ben David is unaware he has a serious problem."}, {"end": "00:33:25", "start": "00:33:23", "text": "But that soon changes."}, {"end": "00:33:31", "start": "00:33:29", "text": "I was reading the book by D.H."}, {"end": "00:33:32", "start": "00:33:31", "text": "Salinger at the swimming pool,"}, {"end": "00:33:46", "start": "00:33:33", "text": "And then came a figure that belongs to the operational team. And said certain words that had to be said to show that we are connected,"}, {"end": "00:33:51", "start": "00:33:49", "text": "and said we have problems."}, {"end": "00:33:53", "start": "00:33:52", "text": "So I got up,"}, {"end": "00:33:55", "start": "00:33:54", "text": "got dressed,"}, {"end": "00:34:04", "start": "00:33:57", "text": "and I was told that the two operatives that conducted the operations were caught by the mob."}, {"end": "00:34:07", "start": "00:34:05", "text": "They did conduct the operation,"}, {"end": "00:34:09", "start": "00:34:07", "text": "but then there was a gathering and they were caught."}, {"end": "00:34:12", "start": "00:34:11", "text": "Two hours after the attack,"}, {"end": "00:34:14", "start": "00:34:12", "text": "Michal's condition is worsening."}, {"end": "00:34:21", "start": "00:34:18", "text": "I started feeling very ill,"}, {"end": "00:34:23", "start": "00:34:21", "text": "nausea at first,"}, {"end": "00:34:27", "start": "00:34:23", "text": "and then I lost my balance."}, {"end": "00:34:29", "start": "00:34:29", "text": "I felt very weak."}, {"end": "00:34:34", "start": "00:34:31", "text": "I told my colleagues what had happened."}, {"end": "00:34:41", "start": "00:34:36", "text": "They said I was the victim of a bizarre murder attempt using a very effective method."}, {"end": "00:34:46", "start": "00:34:42", "text": "Later on, we discovered that it was a chemical weapon."}, {"end": "00:34:47", "start": "00:34:46", "text": "So I called,"}, {"end": "00:34:48", "start": "00:34:47", "text": "not from my room,"}, {"end": "00:34:50", "start": "00:34:48", "text": "HQ in Israel,"}, {"end": "00:34:52", "start": "00:34:51", "text": "and"}, {"end": "00:34:55", "start": "00:34:52", "text": "I was told to take the different operatives,"}, {"end": "00:34:58", "start": "00:34:56", "text": "and bring them to the embassy."}, {"end": "00:35:00", "start": "00:34:59", "text": "I knew where each one of them would be,"}, {"end": "00:35:05", "start": "00:35:01", "text": "and I took them one by one and brought them to the embassy."}, {"end": "00:35:08", "start": "00:35:07", "text": "A keep at low key,"}, {"end": "00:35:12", "start": "00:35:08", "text": "Mishka Ben-David uses local taxis to get the agents to safety."}, {"end": "00:35:18", "start": "00:35:14", "text": "He doesn't know yet that Jordanian authorities have exposed the other two."}, {"end": "00:35:22", "start": "00:35:20", "text": "One informed King Hussein of Jordan is furious."}, {"end": "00:35:29", "start": "00:35:26", "text": "The king soon receives an important call from Israel."}, {"end": "00:35:33", "start": "00:35:31", "text": "His former chief of staff was present."}, {"end": "00:35:48", "start": "00:35:36", "text": "Prime Minister Netanyahu called his Majesty King Hussein, and he confirmed that what happened to Khalid Mashal was due to an"}, {"end": "00:35:51", "start": "00:35:48", "text": "operation by the Mossad to assassinate him."}, {"end": "00:35:55", "start": "00:35:54", "text": "Feeling betrayed and outraged,"}, {"end": "00:36:00", "start": "00:35:55", "text": "King Hussein threatens to tear up the peace treaty he'd signed with Israel three years earlier."}, {"end": "00:36:05", "start": "00:36:02", "text": "Mossad fiasco jeopardizes the stability of the entire region."}, {"end": "00:36:08", "start": "00:36:07", "text": "The day after the operation,"}, {"end": "00:36:11", "start": "00:36:08", "text": "the king summons his government before the national and international media."}, {"end": "00:36:13", "start": "00:36:12", "text": "In front of the cameras,"}, {"end": "00:36:14", "start": "00:36:13", "text": "the message is clear."}, {"end": "00:36:16", "start": "00:36:15", "text": "If Mishael dies of poisoning,"}, {"end": "00:36:18", "start": "00:36:16", "text": "then the Peace Treaty dies with him."}, {"end": "00:36:21", "start": "00:36:19", "text": "One of our brothers..."}, {"end": "00:36:41", "start": "00:36:22", "text": "Has been the victim of a cruel attack. It is totally unacceptable. I've told our international partners that the existence of the peace treaty depends on the life of this"}, {"end": "00:36:43", "start": "00:36:42", "text": "man."}, {"end": "00:36:58", "start": "00:36:52", "text": "King Hussein threatens the Mossad agents who have sought refuge inside the Israeli embassy in Amman."}, {"end": "00:37:00", "start": "00:36:58", "text": "When Khaled Mishael died,"}, {"end": "00:37:01", "start": "00:37:01", "text": "the"}, {"end": "00:37:06", "start": "00:37:04", "text": "Israeli embassy was going to be stormed."}, {"end": "00:37:11", "start": "00:37:07", "text": "Our troops came in and positioned themselves around the embassy,"}, {"end": "00:37:16", "start": "00:37:12", "text": "and I informed this to with the ambassador. And he told me,"}, {"end": "00:37:23", "start": "00:37:18", "text": "this is Israeli territory. And according to Geneva conventions, you cannot do that."}, {"end": "00:37:25", "start": "00:37:25", "text": "I said,"}, {"end": "00:37:25", "start": "00:37:25", "text": "well,"}, {"end": "00:37:32", "start": "00:37:27", "text": "if it has become a shelter for people who try to assassinate a Jordanian,"}, {"end": "00:37:37", "start": "00:37:33", "text": "then how is the Geneva Convention going to apply?"}, {"end": "00:37:41", "start": "00:37:40", "text": "Meanwhile, in Amman's military hospital,"}, {"end": "00:37:46", "start": "00:37:42", "text": "Khaled Meshal is affected by a continuing loss of balance and drowsiness."}, {"end": "00:37:49", "start": "00:37:47", "text": "His health is visibly deteriorating."}, {"end": "00:37:54", "start": "00:37:51", "text": "The doctor's prognosis is that he just has a few hours to live."}, {"end": "00:38:00", "start": "00:37:56", "text": "King Hussein instructs his personal doctor to save Khaled Michal's life."}, {"end": "00:38:03", "start": "00:38:02", "text": "There were no signs of any injury."}, {"end": "00:38:05", "start": "00:38:04", "text": "No needle pricks,"}, {"end": "00:38:08", "start": "00:38:06", "text": "no bruises on the skin,"}, {"end": "00:38:09", "start": "00:38:08", "text": "nothing."}, {"end": "00:38:11", "start": "00:38:10", "text": "And examining him,"}, {"end": "00:38:11", "start": "00:38:11", "text": "he..."}, {"end": "00:38:13", "start": "00:38:12", "text": "He wants to sleep."}, {"end": "00:38:13", "start": "00:38:13", "text": "He said,"}, {"end": "00:38:14", "start": "00:38:13", "text": "I'm weak."}, {"end": "00:38:15", "start": "00:38:14", "text": "I just want to sleep."}, {"end": "00:38:20", "start": "00:38:16", "text": "And we were talking to him and,"}, {"end": "00:38:20", "start": "00:38:20", "text": "come on,"}, {"end": "00:38:21", "start": "00:38:21", "text": "Mr."}, {"end": "00:38:21", "start": "00:38:21", "text": "Khaled,"}, {"end": "00:38:22", "start": "00:38:22", "text": "take a breath."}, {"end": "00:38:24", "start": "00:38:23", "text": "Open your eyes for me."}, {"end": "00:38:28", "start": "00:38:25", "text": "And the thing which struck me when I examined his eyes,"}, {"end": "00:38:32", "start": "00:38:29", "text": "the pupils were constricted."}, {"end": "00:38:34", "start": "00:38:32", "text": "We call it pinpoint pupils."}, {"end": "00:38:40", "start": "00:38:34", "text": "That gives you more idea that this is a very heavy dose of narcotic."}, {"end": "00:38:42", "start": "00:38:41", "text": "Was in his body."}, {"end": "00:38:48", "start": "00:38:44", "text": "The doctor is certain that Mashal was poisoned with an unknown chemical substance."}, {"end": "00:38:53", "start": "00:38:51", "text": "A Hamas leader is put on an artificial respirator."}, {"end": "00:39:00", "start": "00:38:56", "text": "The Jordanians contact the Israelis again to ask about the chemical and the antidote."}, {"end": "00:39:05", "start": "00:39:01", "text": "The Israeli ambassador called me, and he said he's been on the phone with"}, {"end": "00:39:07", "start": "00:39:06", "text": "Prime Minister Netanyahu,"}, {"end": "00:39:08", "start": "00:39:07", "text": "who refused."}, {"end": "00:39:14", "start": "00:39:09", "text": "To release the chemical that was injected to Mashhad."}, {"end": "00:39:17", "start": "00:39:15", "text": "With Netanyahu being stubborn,"}, {"end": "00:39:23", "start": "00:39:18", "text": "King Hussein plays one last card and calls President Bill Clinton in Washington."}, {"end": "00:39:25", "start": "00:39:24", "text": "With peace at stake,"}, {"end": "00:39:27", "start": "00:39:25", "text": "the conversation is crucial."}, {"end": "00:39:29", "start": "00:39:28", "text": "President Clinton was very upset."}, {"end": "00:39:35", "start": "00:39:31", "text": "He listened very carefully to what King Hussein had to say,"}, {"end": "00:39:37", "start": "00:39:37", "text": "and..."}, {"end": "00:39:39", "start": "00:39:39", "text": "He said,"}, {"end": "00:39:40", "start": "00:39:40", "text": "referring to"}, {"end": "00:39:44", "start": "00:39:41", "text": "Netanyahu, This man is impossible."}, {"end": "00:39:46", "start": "00:39:45", "text": "Now,"}, {"end": "00:39:59", "start": "00:39:46", "text": "he activated all his government offices and the American ambassador to put pressure on the Israeli government. To have them come up with the antidote and with the chemical that was injected to"}, {"end": "00:40:00", "start": "00:40:00", "text": "Mashan."}, {"end": "00:40:03", "start": "00:40:02", "text": "With its back to the wall,"}, {"end": "00:40:05", "start": "00:40:03", "text": "the Israeli government panics."}, {"end": "00:40:08", "start": "00:40:06", "text": "The lives of the two Mossad agents are threatened."}, {"end": "00:40:10", "start": "00:40:10", "text": "To save them,"}, {"end": "00:40:14", "start": "00:40:11", "text": "they have to provide the antidote that will save Mishal."}, {"end": "00:40:21", "start": "00:40:17", "text": "When the head of Mossad told us that the mission had failed,"}, {"end": "00:40:24", "start": "00:40:22", "text": "the prime Minister asked,"}, {"end": "00:40:26", "start": "00:40:25", "text": "What's happened to our people?"}, {"end": "00:40:31", "start": "00:40:31", "text": "The answer was,"}, {"end": "00:40:33", "start": "00:40:33", "text": "there's a problem."}, {"end": "00:40:40", "start": "00:40:35", "text": "My minister then said,"}, {"end": "00:40:41", "start": "00:40:40", "text": "I don't care about the rest of it,"}, {"end": "00:40:44", "start": "00:40:42", "text": "just get our two men home at all costs."}, {"end": "00:40:46", "start": "00:40:45", "text": "If we have to save Mashal,"}, {"end": "00:40:47", "start": "00:40:47", "text": "so be it."}, {"end": "00:40:52", "start": "00:40:47", "text": "The mission becomes saving the two operatives."}, {"end": "00:40:55", "start": "00:40:53", "text": "The means is reviving Mashal."}, {"end": "00:40:59", "start": "00:40:57", "text": "Saving their worst enemy's life."}, {"end": "00:41:01", "start": "00:40:59", "text": "In all his 12 years at Mossad,"}, {"end": "00:41:04", "start": "00:41:02", "text": "this was a first for Mishka Ben-David."}, {"end": "00:41:10", "start": "00:41:08", "text": "From his hotel room and with a Mossad doctor,"}, {"end": "00:41:14", "start": "00:41:10", "text": "he will play the vital role in deciding the outcome of the affair."}, {"end": "00:41:17", "start": "00:41:15", "text": "Both men have a file containing the antidote."}, {"end": "00:41:23", "start": "00:41:19", "text": "Then I got a call from the head of operations, saying,"}, {"end": "00:41:24", "start": "00:41:23", "text": "go down to the lobby."}, {"end": "00:41:27", "start": "00:41:26", "text": "With the doctor."}, {"end": "00:41:30", "start": "00:41:28", "text": "There is a person from the Jordanian security,"}, {"end": "00:41:32", "start": "00:41:30", "text": "his name is Captain Firas."}, {"end": "00:41:34", "start": "00:41:33", "text": "Give him the antidote,"}, {"end": "00:41:37", "start": "00:41:34", "text": "and the doctor should go with him and inject it to Masha."}, {"end": "00:41:45", "start": "00:41:42", "text": "He was in uniforms and I went,"}, {"end": "00:41:45", "start": "00:41:45", "text": "I said,"}, {"end": "00:41:46", "start": "00:41:45", "text": "Captain Firas?"}, {"end": "00:41:46", "start": "00:41:46", "text": "He said,"}, {"end": "00:41:47", "start": "00:41:47", "text": "yes."}, {"end": "00:41:48", "start": "00:41:47", "text": "So I said,"}, {"end": "00:41:51", "start": "00:41:48", "text": "here is the antidote and here is the doctor."}, {"end": "00:41:54", "start": "00:41:52", "text": "And he was here,"}, {"end": "00:41:55", "start": "00:41:54", "text": "he had a very,"}, {"end": "00:41:58", "start": "00:41:55", "text": "very severe look on his face."}, {"end": "00:42:01", "start": "00:41:58", "text": "I wouldn't call it a hateful look,"}, {"end": "00:42:02", "start": "00:42:01", "text": "but very,"}, {"end": "00:42:02", "start": "00:42:02", "text": "very severe."}, {"end": "00:42:08", "start": "00:42:03", "text": "And we didn't have any conversation except of this."}, {"end": "00:42:25", "start": "00:42:11", "text": "It is a very strange situation in the middle of an operation. To actually hand yourself over to them and to have the doctor even go with them to inject it to Mashaf."}, {"end": "00:42:29", "start": "00:42:26", "text": "The discussion between the Israeli and the Jordanian is curt."}, {"end": "00:42:39", "start": "00:42:34", "text": "The Mossad doctor is taken by the security services to give the antidote to the hospital director."}, {"end": "00:42:44", "start": "00:42:40", "text": "He gave me two vials with adrenaline written on them."}, {"end": "00:42:45", "start": "00:42:45", "text": "But"}, {"end": "00:42:49", "start": "00:42:46", "text": "Ali told me, we're going to use this."}, {"end": "00:42:56", "start": "00:42:50", "text": "So I immediately I thought, we're not going to use anything unless we know what it is,"}, {"end": "00:43:00", "start": "00:42:57", "text": "because it could be the poison. And we could finish him off with it."}, {"end": "00:43:06", "start": "00:43:03", "text": "Jordanians are wary and don't want to take any risks."}, {"end": "00:43:10", "start": "00:43:07", "text": "They send the Mossad vials to a laboratory for analysis."}, {"end": "00:43:13", "start": "00:43:10", "text": "Two hours later,"}, {"end": "00:43:16", "start": "00:43:13", "text": "the analysis shows it is indeed antidote for the poison."}, {"end": "00:43:20", "start": "00:43:19", "text": "After being injected,"}, {"end": "00:43:22", "start": "00:43:20", "text": "Michal slowly recovers from his coma."}, {"end": "00:43:27", "start": "00:43:25", "text": "The Hamas leader comes back to life."}, {"end": "00:43:36", "start": "00:43:31", "text": "Only later do the Jordanians discover the poison was specially prepared for this one mission."}, {"end": "00:43:39", "start": "00:43:37", "text": "It's not used in medicine."}, {"end": "00:43:45", "start": "00:43:39", "text": "It is a synthetic narcotic, like the drug which we use,"}, {"end": "00:43:46", "start": "00:43:45", "text": "the fentanyl."}, {"end": "00:43:52", "start": "00:43:47", "text": "And if fentanyl, which we use, is 100 times more powerful than morphine,"}, {"end": "00:43:56", "start": "00:43:53", "text": "imagine this drug is more powerful than the fentanyl."}, {"end": "00:43:58", "start": "00:43:57", "text": "So we don't know how much."}, {"end": "00:44:02", "start": "00:43:58", "text": "Maybe it's used for elephants or something like this, to put an elephant to sleep."}, {"end": "00:44:11", "start": "00:44:06", "text": "On the afternoon of 26th September 1997, Khaled Meshal's life is saved."}, {"end": "00:44:24", "start": "00:44:17", "text": "For Mishka Ben David, his enemy's resurrection is ironically good news, even if the mission was apparently failure."}, {"end": "00:44:27", "start": "00:44:26", "text": "We failed in it."}, {"end": "00:44:33", "start": "00:44:28", "text": "Actually, the operatives succeeded in the operation but were caught."}, {"end": "00:44:36", "start": "00:44:34", "text": "Marshall was on his way to the other world,"}, {"end": "00:44:44", "start": "00:44:36", "text": "but we had to reverse the trend and to bring him back to life."}, {"end": "00:44:46", "start": "00:44:44", "text": "I'm alive,"}, {"end": "00:44:48", "start": "00:44:46", "text": "but no thanks to the Israelis."}, {"end": "00:44:51", "start": "00:44:48", "text": "Their original objective had been to kill me."}, {"end": "00:44:52", "start": "00:44:51", "text": "But they failed."}, {"end": "00:44:55", "start": "00:44:52", "text": "And I'm still here because God wanted it that way."}, {"end": "00:45:01", "start": "00:44:57", "text": "And also because of my bodyguards and the courage of King Hussein."}, {"end": "00:45:06", "start": "00:45:04", "text": "Shaken by the whole incident and still furious,"}, {"end": "00:45:09", "start": "00:45:06", "text": "King Hussein still has the two Mossad agents in custody."}, {"end": "00:45:11", "start": "00:45:10", "text": "In exchange for their freedom,"}, {"end": "00:45:17", "start": "00:45:11", "text": "he demands the release of 50 Palestinian political prisoners being held in Israeli jails."}, {"end": "00:45:19", "start": "00:45:18", "text": "Israel accepts the deal."}, {"end": "00:45:21", "start": "00:45:20", "text": "Two days later,"}, {"end": "00:45:23", "start": "00:45:21", "text": "two helicopters fly over Amman."}, {"end": "00:45:26", "start": "00:45:23", "text": "One is flying in the released Palestinians to Jordan."}, {"end": "00:45:32", "start": "00:45:28", "text": "The other is heading in the opposite direction with the two Mossad agents."}, {"end": "00:45:40", "start": "00:45:36", "text": "Israel has one more humiliation to undergo when it's forced to free the founder of Hamas,"}, {"end": "00:45:42", "start": "00:45:41", "text": "the aged sheikh Ahmed Yassin,"}, {"end": "00:45:45", "start": "00:45:43", "text": "who had been in prison for eight years."}, {"end": "00:45:47", "start": "00:45:45", "text": "A few days after the Mashal affair,"}, {"end": "00:45:51", "start": "00:45:47", "text": "the handicapped Sheikh is given a hero's welcome by the King of Jordan,"}, {"end": "00:45:55", "start": "00:45:52", "text": "and later he returns triumphantly to Gaza."}, {"end": "00:45:58", "start": "00:45:56", "text": "It's a double blow for Mossad."}, {"end": "00:45:59", "start": "00:45:58", "text": "Mashal is alive,"}, {"end": "00:46:00", "start": "00:46:00", "text": "and Sheikh Yassin,"}, {"end": "00:46:01", "start": "00:46:01", "text": "a free man."}, {"end": "00:46:06", "start": "00:46:02", "text": "Nobody should underestimate what it took for Israel."}, {"end": "00:46:09", "start": "00:46:06", "text": "First, to admit doing that,"}, {"end": "00:46:11", "start": "00:46:09", "text": "give the antidote to Khaled Mashal,"}, {"end": "00:46:15", "start": "00:46:12", "text": "and release Sheikh Ahmed Yassin from prison."}, {"end": "00:46:17", "start": "00:46:15", "text": "This is a major humiliation from Israel."}, {"end": "00:46:21", "start": "00:46:20", "text": "It was a failure,"}, {"end": "00:46:22", "start": "00:46:21", "text": "that's true."}, {"end": "00:46:27", "start": "00:46:23", "text": "And the biggest disappointment is the fact that Khaled Mashal is still alive."}, {"end": "00:46:29", "start": "00:46:28", "text": "That's the biggest failure of the mission."}, {"end": "00:46:32", "start": "00:46:31", "text": "And then we had to liberate Sheikh Yassin."}, {"end": "00:46:35", "start": "00:46:33", "text": "But we liquidated him a few years later."}, {"end": "00:46:38", "start": "00:46:36", "text": "So that score was finally settled."}, {"end": "00:46:48", "start": "00:46:41", "text": "A score indeed settled seven years later, when three Israeli missiles strike the Hamas founder as he leaves his home."}, {"end": "00:46:49", "start": "00:46:48", "text": "In Gaza,"}, {"end": "00:46:53", "start": "00:46:49", "text": "200,000 Palestinians attempt the funeral of the Sheikh."}, {"end": "00:46:56", "start": "00:46:55", "text": "In the crowd,"}, {"end": "00:46:57", "start": "00:46:56", "text": "as fate would have it,"}, {"end": "00:46:59", "start": "00:46:58", "text": "is Khaled Meshal,"}, {"end": "00:47:05", "start": "00:46:59", "text": "the man whose narrow escape from Mossad now means he's lived to become the new leader of Hamas."}, {"end": "00:47:21", "start": "00:47:06", "text": "But a leader who's returned to a life in exile, this time in Qatar. In December 2012, he returned as a hero to the Palestinian lands he'd left 37 years earlier. It's the first time in 37 years that"}, {"end": "00:47:33", "start": "00:47:22", "text": "I'm in Palestine, and the very first time I've ever been to Gaza. Do you think he's still on the?"}, {"end": "00:47:37", "start": "00:47:33", "text": "I don't know if he's on the list or not."}, {"end": "00:47:39", "start": "00:47:37", "text": "I don't know what the list is now."}, {"end": "00:47:40", "start": "00:47:39", "text": "What is the list now?"}, {"end": "00:47:41", "start": "00:47:40", "text": "I have no idea."}, {"end": "00:47:44", "start": "00:47:42", "text": "I think that whenever Israel decides,"}, {"end": "00:47:46", "start": "00:47:44", "text": "if Israel will decide to eliminate him,"}, {"end": "00:47:47", "start": "00:47:47", "text": "Israel can do so."}, {"end": "00:47:54", "start": "00:47:51", "text": "Remember that it was done before."}, {"end": "00:47:59", "start": "00:47:54", "text": "The fact that we had to bring back to life is another issue."}, {"end": "00:48:04", "start": "00:48:02", "text": "But he was killed before."}, {"end": "00:48:09", "start": "00:48:05", "text": "And so this is a fact."}, {"end": "00:48:14", "start": "00:48:12", "text": "On the 19th of February 2010,"}, {"end": "00:48:18", "start": "00:48:14", "text": "Mossad will stage one of its most spectacular operations."}, {"end": "00:48:22", "start": "00:48:19", "text": "And under the very gaze of dozens of security cameras,"}, {"end": "00:48:24", "start": "00:48:23", "text": "it's a world's first."}, {"end": "00:48:33", "start": "00:48:28", "text": "In this Dubai hotel, the Mossad HIP team are tracking Mahmoud el Mabhou,"}, {"end": "00:48:34", "start": "00:48:33", "text": "a Hamas leader."}, {"end": "00:48:50", "start": "00:48:44", "text": "El Mabhou is suspected of smuggling weapons from Iran into Gaza for use by Hamas's armed brigades."}, {"end": "00:49:01", "start": "00:49:00", "text": "On the day of the attack,"}, {"end": "00:49:03", "start": "00:49:01", "text": "the Mossad unit is led by this bald man,"}, {"end": "00:49:05", "start": "00:49:04", "text": "carrying a French passport."}, {"end": "00:49:08", "start": "00:49:07", "text": "At the start of the operation,"}, {"end": "00:49:14", "start": "00:49:08", "text": "one of the team members stops inside a bathroom to put on a wig and change appearances."}, {"end": "00:49:18", "start": "00:49:17", "text": "A few moments later,"}, {"end": "00:49:20", "start": "00:49:19", "text": "the assassins enter the hotel."}, {"end": "00:49:24", "start": "00:49:24", "text": "Offscreen,"}, {"end": "00:49:28", "start": "00:49:24", "text": "they'll break into the Hamas leader's room and wait for their prey."}, {"end": "00:49:35", "start": "00:49:35", "text": "At"}, {"end": "00:49:39", "start": "00:49:36", "text": "6.40pm, Al Mabhou gets back to his room."}, {"end": "00:49:42", "start": "00:49:40", "text": "These are the last images showing him alive."}, {"end": "00:49:45", "start": "00:49:45", "text": "Inside,"}, {"end": "00:49:47", "start": "00:49:45", "text": "the Mossad team is waiting."}, {"end": "00:49:50", "start": "00:49:49", "text": "After tying him up,"}, {"end": "00:49:52", "start": "00:49:50", "text": "they inject a neuromuscular relaxant."}, {"end": "00:49:55", "start": "00:49:53", "text": "His death will appear to be of natural causes."}, {"end": "00:49:57", "start": "00:49:56", "text": "One by one,"}, {"end": "00:49:58", "start": "00:49:57", "text": "his muscles are paralyzed."}, {"end": "00:50:01", "start": "00:49:59", "text": "It's painful and takes some time."}, {"end": "00:50:16", "start": "00:50:13", "text": "Could the agents not have known the hotel was littered with surveillance cameras?"}, {"end": "00:50:18", "start": "00:50:18", "text": "In this video,"}, {"end": "00:50:22", "start": "00:50:18", "text": "one of the agents looks directly at one of the hotel cameras."}, {"end": "00:50:27", "start": "00:50:24", "text": "Throughout the entire operation and on their passport photos,"}, {"end": "00:50:31", "start": "00:50:28", "text": "all the agents are heavily disguised so as not to be identified."}, {"end": "00:50:33", "start": "00:50:32", "text": "False names."}, {"end": "00:50:35", "start": "00:50:34", "text": "False noses."}, {"end": "00:50:37", "start": "00:50:36", "text": "False eyebrows."}, {"end": "00:50:38", "start": "00:50:37", "text": "False beards."}, {"end": "00:51:02", "start": "00:50:41", "text": "One person we spoke to confirmed this was the case. Yarin Sharif is a makeup artist working in fashion. As a sideline. He also helped disguise Israel's secret agents for 18 years. For"}, {"end": "00:51:10", "start": "00:51:02", "text": "the first time, he speaks publicly about his regular work with Masad. He says the interview was done with the knowledge and approval of the authorities."}, {"end": "00:51:18", "start": "00:51:12", "text": "Even if I'm accredited to the Defense Ministry,"}, {"end": "00:51:21", "start": "00:51:18", "text": "I try not to ask too many questions."}, {"end": "00:51:29", "start": "00:51:21", "text": "All I want to know is what concerns the country or where the Mossad agents will be operating."}, {"end": "00:51:34", "start": "00:51:31", "text": "I don't want to make these people feel uncomfortable by forcing them to talk."}, {"end": "00:51:35", "start": "00:51:34", "text": "The less, you know,"}, {"end": "00:51:36", "start": "00:51:35", "text": "the better."}, {"end": "00:51:39", "start": "00:51:37", "text": "If you put makeup on someone who's going to a Muslim country,"}, {"end": "00:51:41", "start": "00:51:41", "text": "this beard,"}, {"end": "00:51:42", "start": "00:51:42", "text": "for example,"}, {"end": "00:51:44", "start": "00:51:42", "text": "will help disguise them as a cleric."}, {"end": "00:51:59", "start": "00:51:48", "text": "But I don't like that. Actually. What I'm interested in doing, uh, is what's needed, what's specially adapted, specific makeup for the country they'll be going to."}, {"end": "00:52:07", "start": "00:52:02", "text": "Yarin Sheriff knows that the agent's lives could depend on the quality of his work."}, {"end": "00:52:12", "start": "00:52:11", "text": "You have to appreciate,"}, {"end": "00:52:12", "start": "00:52:12", "text": "this isn't a joke."}, {"end": "00:52:14", "start": "00:52:13", "text": "I stick a little beard on,"}, {"end": "00:52:15", "start": "00:52:14", "text": "of course,"}, {"end": "00:52:17", "start": "00:52:15", "text": "But their lives are at risk."}, {"end": "00:52:25", "start": "00:52:22", "text": "The makeup artist says he wasn't involved in the Dubai operation,"}, {"end": "00:52:27", "start": "00:52:25", "text": "but it's impossible to check."}, {"end": "00:52:31", "start": "00:52:28", "text": "But Yarin Sharaf is very familiar with the methods employed by the commandos,"}, {"end": "00:52:34", "start": "00:52:32", "text": "such as going into the bathroom to put on a wig."}, {"end": "00:52:38", "start": "00:52:34", "text": "It's a technique he's been teaching the Mossad agents since the mid-1990s."}, {"end": "00:52:53", "start": "00:52:49", "text": "I sometimes teach them about adopting six or seven different looks."}, {"end": "00:52:57", "start": "00:52:54", "text": "The person has to learn how to change looks very quickly."}, {"end": "00:53:00", "start": "00:52:59", "text": "If I give them a special glue,"}, {"end": "00:53:04", "start": "00:53:00", "text": "I also need to give them a means to take it off in just a few seconds."}, {"end": "00:53:05", "start": "00:53:04", "text": "It has to be 100%"}, {"end": "00:53:06", "start": "00:53:05", "text": "natural."}, {"end": "00:53:09", "start": "00:53:06", "text": "The person has also to be 100%"}, {"end": "00:53:12", "start": "00:53:09", "text": "competent in changing appearances again and as quickly as possible."}, {"end": "00:53:17", "start": "00:53:16", "text": "According to Yarin Sharath,"}, {"end": "00:53:20", "start": "00:53:17", "text": "Mossad sometimes even gives its agents new teeth,"}, {"end": "00:53:29", "start": "00:53:21", "text": "a technique probably used by some of the 20 agents sent to Dubai in January 2010."}, {"end": "00:53:29", "start": "00:53:29", "text": "These are less frequent."}, {"end": "00:53:32", "start": "00:53:30", "text": "You can change the whole plaque,"}, {"end": "00:53:33", "start": "00:53:32", "text": "which a dentist can work on."}, {"end": "00:53:39", "start": "00:53:33", "text": "You make a cut of the person's mouth with a model like this one,"}, {"end": "00:53:41", "start": "00:53:40", "text": "and then you put the new teeth in."}, {"end": "00:54:00", "start": "00:53:45", "text": "At the end of the training program, the makeup artist subjects his pupils to one final test. The last test we do is that after the training with me and my team here at my house, the agent has to disguise himself and"}, {"end": "00:54:14", "start": "00:54:00", "text": "then visit his mother or father. Yarin Sharap is one of a group of Israelis who are happy to make their professional skills available to Mossad."}, {"end": "00:54:32", "start": "00:54:15", "text": "Its special teams, special ops that are often spectacular. But that now make the finger of suspicion point at Mossad. Whenever someone mysteriously disappears in the Middle East. One"}, {"end": "00:54:43", "start": "00:54:32", "text": "last thought Did Israel murder Yasser Arafat? Mr. Yasser Arafat, the President of the Palestinian Authority, has died"}, {"end": "00:54:46", "start": "00:54:44", "text": "at the Persi Military Training Hospital in Clermont."}, {"end": "00:54:48", "start": "00:54:46", "text": "In 2004,"}, {"end": "00:54:49", "start": "00:54:49", "text": "a"}, {"end": "00:54:56", "start": "00:54:51", "text": "Palestinian leader dies in a hospital in a suburb of Paris as a result of a mysterious illness."}, {"end": "00:54:59", "start": "00:54:57", "text": "Mossad is suspected immediately."}, {"end": "00:55:03", "start": "00:55:01", "text": "In July 2012,"}, {"end": "00:55:06", "start": "00:55:03", "text": "a laboratory in Lausanne says it has found traces of polonium,"}, {"end": "00:55:07", "start": "00:55:06", "text": "a radioactive element,"}, {"end": "00:55:09", "start": "00:55:07", "text": "on Arafat's clothing."}, {"end": "00:55:11", "start": "00:55:10", "text": "To allow further analysis,"}, {"end": "00:55:17", "start": "00:55:11", "text": "the body of the longtime PLO leader is exhumed in November 2012."}, {"end": "00:55:18", "start": "00:55:17", "text": "Today,"}, {"end": "00:55:19", "start": "00:55:18", "text": "the cause of his death is still unknown."}, {"end": "00:55:21", "start": "00:55:20", "text": "But to the Palestinians,"}, {"end": "00:55:23", "start": "00:55:21", "text": "Israel remains the number one suspect."}, {"end": "00:55:26", "start": "00:55:25", "text": "One day,"}, {"end": "00:55:30", "start": "00:55:26", "text": "analysis or witnesses might shed light on whether Arafat,"}, {"end": "00:55:30", "start": "00:55:30", "text": "too,"}, {"end": "00:55:33", "start": "00:55:30", "text": "was a victim of the notorious Hebrew proverb,"}, {"end": "00:55:34", "start": "00:55:33", "text": "He who comes to kill you,"}, {"end": "00:55:37", "start": "00:55:35", "text": "get up early and kill them first."}]

[{"end": "00:00:04", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "What we're looking at here is a fire"}, {"end": "00:00:06", "start": "00:00:02", "text": "that gutted one of Poland's biggest"}, {"end": "00:00:09", "start": "00:00:04", "text": "shopping malls. A blaze the Polish"}, {"end": "00:00:12", "start": "00:00:06", "text": "government believes Russian saboturs"}, {"end": "00:00:14", "start": "00:00:09", "text": "probably started. If confirmed, the fire"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:12", "text": "would be just one in a long line of"}, {"end": "00:00:18", "start": "00:00:14", "text": "Russian sabotage attacks in Europe in"}, {"end": "00:00:21", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "recent years, which experts say amounts"}, {"end": "00:00:23", "start": "00:00:18", "text": "to a shadow war being waged by Moscow."}, {"end": "00:00:25", "start": "00:00:21", "text": "In the last 12 months alone, Kremlin"}, {"end": "00:00:27", "start": "00:00:23", "text": "agents are thought to have set off"}, {"end": "00:00:29", "start": "00:00:25", "text": "explosions, plotted murders, severed"}, {"end": "00:00:33", "start": "00:00:27", "text": "undersea cables, and jammed aircraft"}, {"end": "00:00:36", "start": "00:00:29", "text": "navigation across the continent. So,"}, {"end": "00:00:38", "start": "00:00:33", "text": "what exactly has Russia been up to? Why"}, {"end": "00:00:40", "start": "00:00:36", "text": "has it been carrying out the attacks?"}, {"end": "00:00:42", "start": "00:00:38", "text": "And perhaps most importantly, are they"}, {"end": "00:00:44", "start": "00:00:40", "text": "working? We're going to examine the"}, {"end": "00:00:47", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "tapes, give you the big picture, and"}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:44", "text": "speak to an expert to find out. Here's"}, {"end": "00:00:52", "start": "00:00:47", "text": "Europe, the crossroads of the world, a"}, {"end": "00:00:54", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "cultural melting pot that has a habit of"}, {"end": "00:00:57", "start": "00:00:52", "text": "boiling over and is no stranger to"}, {"end": "00:00:59", "start": "00:00:54", "text": "conflict. For the last 3 years, the war"}, {"end": "00:01:03", "start": "00:00:57", "text": "dividing Europe has been taking place in"}, {"end": "00:01:05", "start": "00:00:59", "text": "Ukraine. On the one side is Russia. The"}, {"end": "00:01:07", "start": "00:01:03", "text": "country is huge, has a large population,"}, {"end": "00:01:09", "start": "00:01:05", "text": "a multi- trillion dollar economy, and at"}, {"end": "00:01:12", "start": "00:01:07", "text": "least until the war started, a military"}, {"end": "00:01:14", "start": "00:01:09", "text": "to dwarf all others. But its list of"}, {"end": "00:01:16", "start": "00:01:12", "text": "European allies is short. These"}, {"end": "00:01:18", "start": "00:01:14", "text": "countries cannot provide Moscow with"}, {"end": "00:01:21", "start": "00:01:16", "text": "much help to win the war. On the other"}, {"end": "00:01:23", "start": "00:01:18", "text": "side is Ukraine. It is one of Europe's"}, {"end": "00:01:25", "start": "00:01:21", "text": "largest countries geographically, but"}, {"end": "00:01:27", "start": "00:01:23", "text": "with a much smaller population, economy,"}, {"end": "00:01:30", "start": "00:01:25", "text": "and military than its eastern neighbor."}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:27", "text": "Its list of friends, however, is much"}, {"end": "00:01:34", "start": "00:01:30", "text": "longer, encompassing all of the richest"}, {"end": "00:01:36", "start": "00:01:32", "text": "and most powerful countries on the"}, {"end": "00:01:38", "start": "00:01:34", "text": "continent, aside from Russia itself."}, {"end": "00:01:40", "start": "00:01:36", "text": "These countries have been pumping"}, {"end": "00:01:42", "start": "00:01:38", "text": "weapons and money into Ukraine since the"}, {"end": "00:01:44", "start": "00:01:40", "text": "first day of the war. Without their"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:42", "text": "help, Ukraine would be in danger of"}, {"end": "00:01:49", "start": "00:01:44", "text": "losing. Breaking up this alliance is"}, {"end": "00:01:52", "start": "00:01:46", "text": "therefore a key goal of Russia's, which"}, {"end": "00:01:53", "start": "00:01:49", "text": "is where the shadow war comes in."}, {"end": "00:01:57", "start": "00:01:52", "text": "According to researchers at US think"}, {"end": "00:01:59", "start": "00:01:53", "text": "tank CSIS, here's every suspected or"}, {"end": "00:02:02", "start": "00:01:57", "text": "confirmed Russian sabotage attack that"}, {"end": "00:02:04", "start": "00:01:59", "text": "took place in Europe between 2022, when"}, {"end": "00:02:09", "start": "00:02:02", "text": "the Ukraine war started, and March of"}, {"end": "00:02:11", "start": "00:02:04", "text": "2025. That's a lot of attacks, 49 to be"}, {"end": "00:02:15", "start": "00:02:09", "text": "specific. And the trend is very much"}, {"end": "00:02:17", "start": "00:02:11", "text": "upwards. CSIS logged just three attacks"}, {"end": "00:02:20", "start": "00:02:15", "text": "during the first year of the war, 12 the"}, {"end": "00:02:23", "start": "00:02:17", "text": "following year, and then a whopping 34"}, {"end": "00:02:26", "start": "00:02:20", "text": "in 2024. And this almost certainly isn't"}, {"end": "00:02:28", "start": "00:02:23", "text": "all of them. This list only includes"}, {"end": "00:02:30", "start": "00:02:26", "text": "those disclosed publicly and doesn't"}, {"end": "00:02:32", "start": "00:02:28", "text": "include cyber attacks unless they caused"}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:30", "text": "physical damage, which most of them"}, {"end": "00:02:37", "start": "00:02:32", "text": "don't. The fire we just witnessed took"}, {"end": "00:02:39", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "place here in Warsaw, the capital of"}, {"end": "00:02:41", "start": "00:02:37", "text": "Poland. Poland is a key ally of Ukraine."}, {"end": "00:02:44", "start": "00:02:39", "text": "It has donated more tanks than anyone"}, {"end": "00:02:46", "start": "00:02:41", "text": "else, taken in millions of refugees, and"}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:44", "text": "it is through Poland that all other"}, {"end": "00:02:51", "start": "00:02:46", "text": "military aid to Kiev passes. It is"}, {"end": "00:02:53", "start": "00:02:49", "text": "perhaps no surprise then to learn that"}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:51", "text": "it was also one of the most targeted"}, {"end": "00:02:58", "start": "00:02:53", "text": "nations when it came to sabotage"}, {"end": "00:03:00", "start": "00:02:55", "text": "attacks. Researchers logged 10 of them,"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:58", "text": "which ranged from fires to assassination"}, {"end": "00:03:05", "start": "00:03:00", "text": "plots, hack attacks, and even weaponized"}, {"end": "00:03:07", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "migrants. We're not going to go through"}, {"end": "00:03:09", "start": "00:03:05", "text": "all of them here, but we will pick out a"}, {"end": "00:03:12", "start": "00:03:07", "text": "few that help explain trends the"}, {"end": "00:03:14", "start": "00:03:09", "text": "researchers identified elsewhere. Aside"}, {"end": "00:03:16", "start": "00:03:12", "text": "from the shopping center fire in Warsaw,"}, {"end": "00:03:19", "start": "00:03:14", "text": "another blaze that's worth examining"}, {"end": "00:03:21", "start": "00:03:16", "text": "happened at a DHL warehouse in Yabwanov,"}, {"end": "00:03:23", "start": "00:03:19", "text": "just outside the capital. The warehouse"}, {"end": "00:03:25", "start": "00:03:21", "text": "was satellite and burned for 2 hours"}, {"end": "00:03:27", "start": "00:03:23", "text": "because an electric back massager that"}, {"end": "00:03:30", "start": "00:03:25", "text": "had been rigged to explode and stuffed"}, {"end": "00:03:32", "start": "00:03:27", "text": "with magnesium, which burns very hot and"}, {"end": "00:03:35", "start": "00:03:30", "text": "is very difficult to put out. The fire"}, {"end": "00:03:37", "start": "00:03:32", "text": "itself was nowhere near as dramatic as"}, {"end": "00:03:39", "start": "00:03:35", "text": "the shopping mall, but investigators"}, {"end": "00:03:42", "start": "00:03:37", "text": "believe it was only a test run. The real"}, {"end": "00:03:44", "start": "00:03:39", "text": "target were airplanes bound for the US"}, {"end": "00:03:47", "start": "00:03:42", "text": "and Canada. Prosecutors say agents from"}, {"end": "00:03:50", "start": "00:03:44", "text": "Russia's GRU, the intelligence branch of"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:47", "text": "the military, intended to mail these"}, {"end": "00:03:54", "start": "00:03:50", "text": "massages across the Atlantic before"}, {"end": "00:03:56", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "setting them alite mid-flight. And"}, {"end": "00:03:58", "start": "00:03:54", "text": "Yabwanov was not the only warehouse"}, {"end": "00:04:00", "start": "00:03:56", "text": "where a practice run took place. Almost"}, {"end": "00:04:03", "start": "00:03:58", "text": "identical fires also broke out in"}, {"end": "00:04:05", "start": "00:04:00", "text": "Birmingham in the UK and in Lezique in"}, {"end": "00:04:09", "start": "00:04:03", "text": "Germany. Three things are worth noting"}, {"end": "00:04:11", "start": "00:04:05", "text": "here. First, the involvement of the GRU."}, {"end": "00:04:13", "start": "00:04:09", "text": "This is Russia's go-to agency for"}, {"end": "00:04:14", "start": "00:04:11", "text": "carrying out covert missions overseas,"}, {"end": "00:04:17", "start": "00:04:13", "text": "and they are thought to be behind the"}, {"end": "00:04:19", "start": "00:04:14", "text": "vast majority of these sabotage attacks,"}, {"end": "00:04:21", "start": "00:04:17", "text": "even if they sometimes recruited locals"}, {"end": "00:04:23", "start": "00:04:19", "text": "to actually carry them out. You may"}, {"end": "00:04:26", "start": "00:04:21", "text": "recognize the GRU from their earlier"}, {"end": "00:04:29", "start": "00:04:23", "text": "work, the attempted poisoning of Sergey"}, {"end": "00:04:31", "start": "00:04:26", "text": "and Julius Screal in the UK in 2018 and"}, {"end": "00:04:34", "start": "00:04:29", "text": "a program that paid Afghan militants to"}, {"end": "00:04:36", "start": "00:04:31", "text": "attack US soldiers that ran from 2016"}, {"end": "00:04:38", "start": "00:04:34", "text": "until America withdrew from the country"}, {"end": "00:04:41", "start": "00:04:36", "text": "in 2021."}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:38", "text": "Second is the method incendiary devices"}, {"end": "00:04:47", "start": "00:04:41", "text": "or explosives. CSIS say this is Russia's"}, {"end": "00:04:48", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "favorite method of sabotage, accounting"}, {"end": "00:04:50", "start": "00:04:47", "text": "for over a third of the attacks they"}, {"end": "00:04:52", "start": "00:04:48", "text": "logged. Aside from the shopping center"}, {"end": "00:04:54", "start": "00:04:50", "text": "and the DHL warehouse we've just seen,"}, {"end": "00:04:57", "start": "00:04:52", "text": "major fires also broke out at a"}, {"end": "00:05:00", "start": "00:04:54", "text": "warehouse belonging to Deal Group here"}, {"end": "00:05:03", "start": "00:04:57", "text": "in Berlin. They're an arms maker whose"}, {"end": "00:05:05", "start": "00:05:00", "text": "weapons are used in Ukraine. as are BAE"}, {"end": "00:05:08", "start": "00:05:03", "text": "Systems, which saw a fire at one of"}, {"end": "00:05:10", "start": "00:05:05", "text": "their sites in the UK, and MCO, which"}, {"end": "00:05:13", "start": "00:05:08", "text": "saw explosions at two ammunition storage"}, {"end": "00:05:16", "start": "00:05:10", "text": "facilities in Bulgaria. Third is the"}, {"end": "00:05:18", "start": "00:05:13", "text": "target, transportation. This was also a"}, {"end": "00:05:20", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "favorite for the GRU, accounting for"}, {"end": "00:05:22", "start": "00:05:18", "text": "around a fifth of the attacks, though"}, {"end": "00:05:25", "start": "00:05:20", "text": "sometimes via different methods. For"}, {"end": "00:05:27", "start": "00:05:22", "text": "example, Poland's railways, the main way"}, {"end": "00:05:30", "start": "00:05:25", "text": "that military aid to Ukraine crosses the"}, {"end": "00:05:32", "start": "00:05:27", "text": "border, were also hit. This time,"}, {"end": "00:05:34", "start": "00:05:30", "text": "hackers used cheap radio transmitters to"}, {"end": "00:05:37", "start": "00:05:32", "text": "send signals to Polish trains that"}, {"end": "00:05:39", "start": "00:05:34", "text": "caused them to slam on their emergency"}, {"end": "00:05:41", "start": "00:05:37", "text": "brakes. Airplanes were also hit using"}, {"end": "00:05:43", "start": "00:05:39", "text": "GPS jammers, which interfered with their"}, {"end": "00:05:45", "start": "00:05:41", "text": "communications and caused flights to"}, {"end": "00:05:47", "start": "00:05:43", "text": "veer off course. Russia has made"}, {"end": "00:05:48", "start": "00:05:45", "text": "widespread use of such jammers to"}, {"end": "00:05:51", "start": "00:05:47", "text": "interfere with military communications"}, {"end": "00:05:53", "start": "00:05:48", "text": "in Ukraine and attacks on civilian"}, {"end": "00:05:56", "start": "00:05:51", "text": "aircraft occurred in the same vicinity."}, {"end": "00:05:59", "start": "00:05:53", "text": "Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, and"}, {"end": "00:06:01", "start": "00:05:56", "text": "Poland. Moscow claims no responsibility"}, {"end": "00:06:03", "start": "00:05:59", "text": "for these attacks, though in some cases"}, {"end": "00:06:05", "start": "00:06:01", "text": "it isn't hard to guess who's behind"}, {"end": "00:06:07", "start": "00:06:03", "text": "them. In the case of the Polish trains,"}, {"end": "00:06:09", "start": "00:06:05", "text": "the signal that disabled them was"}, {"end": "00:06:11", "start": "00:06:07", "text": "broadcast alongside snippets of the"}, {"end": "00:06:14", "start": "00:06:09", "text": "Russian national anthem. But in other"}, {"end": "00:06:16", "start": "00:06:11", "text": "cases, the attacks are much harder to"}, {"end": "00:06:19", "start": "00:06:14", "text": "attribute, casting a pool of suspicion"}, {"end": "00:06:21", "start": "00:06:16", "text": "over virtually any fire or malfunction"}, {"end": "00:06:23", "start": "00:06:19", "text": "of critical infrastructure in Europe. If"}, {"end": "00:06:25", "start": "00:06:21", "text": "we go back to the tapes, we can see how"}, {"end": "00:06:26", "start": "00:06:23", "text": "these mind games work. Here's a fire"}, {"end": "00:06:29", "start": "00:06:25", "text": "that broke out at an electrical"}, {"end": "00:06:32", "start": "00:06:26", "text": "substation which serves London's Heathro"}, {"end": "00:06:34", "start": "00:06:29", "text": "airport in March 2025, shutting the"}, {"end": "00:06:36", "start": "00:06:32", "text": "airport down. Britain said it has found"}, {"end": "00:06:38", "start": "00:06:34", "text": "no evidence of Russian involvement, but"}, {"end": "00:06:41", "start": "00:06:36", "text": "experts warned the blaze bore all the"}, {"end": "00:06:43", "start": "00:06:38", "text": "hallmarks of sabotage. Russian Security"}, {"end": "00:06:45", "start": "00:06:41", "text": "Council head Dmitri Medvidev even mocked"}, {"end": "00:06:47", "start": "00:06:43", "text": "the UK Prime Minister over the attack,"}, {"end": "00:06:49", "start": "00:06:45", "text": "saying he looked forward to taking the"}, {"end": "00:06:51", "start": "00:06:47", "text": "blame. Then there's the recent power"}, {"end": "00:06:53", "start": "00:06:49", "text": "outages in Spain and Portugal, which"}, {"end": "00:06:55", "start": "00:06:51", "text": "plunged the countries into darkness for"}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:53", "text": "several days. The cause is under"}, {"end": "00:06:58", "start": "00:06:55", "text": "investigation, and while no clear-cut"}, {"end": "00:07:01", "start": "00:06:57", "text": "evidence of Russian involvement has been"}, {"end": "00:07:03", "start": "00:06:58", "text": "found so far, questions were inevitably"}, {"end": "00:07:05", "start": "00:07:01", "text": "asked. There's also three other tactics"}, {"end": "00:07:07", "start": "00:07:03", "text": "that researchers picked up on which are"}, {"end": "00:07:09", "start": "00:07:05", "text": "worth discussing. The first is"}, {"end": "00:07:11", "start": "00:07:07", "text": "assassination plots. The most serious of"}, {"end": "00:07:14", "start": "00:07:09", "text": "these involved plans to attack President"}, {"end": "00:07:16", "start": "00:07:11", "text": "Zilinski at an airport in Poland, Jesu,"}, {"end": "00:07:19", "start": "00:07:14", "text": "that is the nerve center for the war in"}, {"end": "00:07:20", "start": "00:07:16", "text": "Ukraine. GRU agents are thought to have"}, {"end": "00:07:22", "start": "00:07:19", "text": "recruited a local man to gather"}, {"end": "00:07:25", "start": "00:07:20", "text": "intelligence on the airport for a later"}, {"end": "00:07:27", "start": "00:07:22", "text": "attempt on Zilinsk's life, but the plot"}, {"end": "00:07:30", "start": "00:07:25", "text": "was exposed and the man arrested."}, {"end": "00:07:33", "start": "00:07:27", "text": "Another targeted Armen Papa Papager, the"}, {"end": "00:07:35", "start": "00:07:30", "text": "CEO of German arms maker Ry Metal, which"}, {"end": "00:07:37", "start": "00:07:33", "text": "has been a vital supplier of artillery"}, {"end": "00:07:40", "start": "00:07:35", "text": "shells to Ukraine. Though Papagger is"}, {"end": "00:07:43", "start": "00:07:37", "text": "the only known target, NATO said other"}, {"end": "00:07:46", "start": "00:07:40", "text": "plots existed and were also foiled. One"}, {"end": "00:07:48", "start": "00:07:43", "text": "plot which succeeded was the killing of"}, {"end": "00:07:51", "start": "00:07:46", "text": "Maxim Kmininov, a Russian helicopter"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:48", "text": "pilot who defected to Ukraine in 2023"}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:51", "text": "along with his aircraft and a stash of"}, {"end": "00:07:58", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "secret documents. Kmininov was shot six"}, {"end": "00:08:00", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "times in the parking garage of an"}, {"end": "00:08:03", "start": "00:07:58", "text": "apartment where he was living in Spain"}, {"end": "00:08:05", "start": "00:08:00", "text": "just here and then run over with a car."}, {"end": "00:08:07", "start": "00:08:03", "text": "The assassins clearly meant to send a"}, {"end": "00:08:10", "start": "00:08:05", "text": "message because they left behind shell"}, {"end": "00:08:12", "start": "00:08:07", "text": "casings from a 9mm Macarov bullet,"}, {"end": "00:08:15", "start": "00:08:10", "text": "standardisssue ammunition for the Soviet"}, {"end": "00:08:17", "start": "00:08:12", "text": "Union and Russia. Then there's"}, {"end": "00:08:19", "start": "00:08:15", "text": "weaponized migrants. This is a novel"}, {"end": "00:08:22", "start": "00:08:17", "text": "tactic that was first deployed by Russia"}, {"end": "00:08:25", "start": "00:08:19", "text": "and Belarus back in 2021, months before"}, {"end": "00:08:27", "start": "00:08:22", "text": "the Ukraine war started. Moscow and"}, {"end": "00:08:28", "start": "00:08:25", "text": "Minsk lured migrants from the Middle"}, {"end": "00:08:30", "start": "00:08:27", "text": "East and North Africa to their"}, {"end": "00:08:32", "start": "00:08:28", "text": "territory, then pushed them across the"}, {"end": "00:08:34", "start": "00:08:30", "text": "border into Poland and the Baltics,"}, {"end": "00:08:37", "start": "00:08:32", "text": "attempting to manufacture a crisis like"}, {"end": "00:08:39", "start": "00:08:34", "text": "the one in the Mediterranean. The target"}, {"end": "00:08:41", "start": "00:08:37", "text": "countries responded by building border"}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:39", "text": "defenses and forcing the migrants back."}, {"end": "00:08:45", "start": "00:08:41", "text": "That caused attempted crossings to"}, {"end": "00:08:48", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "decrease, but never back to pre-crisis"}, {"end": "00:08:51", "start": "00:08:45", "text": "levels. In 2024, while the war was in"}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "full swing, attempted crossings began"}, {"end": "00:08:56", "start": "00:08:51", "text": "rising again and a new country, Finland,"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "was added to the target list. While this"}, {"end": "00:09:01", "start": "00:08:56", "text": "tactic is relatively rare, it is unique"}, {"end": "00:09:02", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "and shows just how far Russia and its"}, {"end": "00:09:05", "start": "00:09:01", "text": "allies are prepared to go in their"}, {"end": "00:09:07", "start": "00:09:02", "text": "shadow war against Europe. Finally,"}, {"end": "00:09:10", "start": "00:09:05", "text": "there's another novel tactic that is far"}, {"end": "00:09:12", "start": "00:09:07", "text": "more common, undersea cable sabotage."}, {"end": "00:09:14", "start": "00:09:10", "text": "This tactic is novel because until"}, {"end": "00:09:16", "start": "00:09:12", "text": "relatively recently, undersea cables"}, {"end": "00:09:19", "start": "00:09:14", "text": "were not a key part of national"}, {"end": "00:09:22", "start": "00:09:16", "text": "infrastructure. But today, they carry"}, {"end": "00:09:23", "start": "00:09:19", "text": "95% of internet traffic required for"}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:22", "text": "daily life to function, including"}, {"end": "00:09:29", "start": "00:09:23", "text": "financial trades worth 10 trillion"}, {"end": "00:09:32", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "dollars every single day. This map shows"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:29", "text": "just how many there are in Europe alone."}, {"end": "00:09:35", "start": "00:09:32", "text": "Russia's sabotage campaign against these"}, {"end": "00:09:37", "start": "00:09:33", "text": "cables has focused up here in the"}, {"end": "00:09:40", "start": "00:09:35", "text": "Baltics, where at least nine such"}, {"end": "00:09:42", "start": "00:09:37", "text": "attacks were logged. The method is basic"}, {"end": "00:09:44", "start": "00:09:40", "text": "but effective. Russia employs a shadow"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:42", "text": "fleet of cargo ships which are illicitly"}, {"end": "00:09:49", "start": "00:09:44", "text": "transporting its sanctioned oil to sever"}, {"end": "00:09:51", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "the cables. They do this by dragging"}, {"end": "00:09:53", "start": "00:09:49", "text": "their anchors across the seafloor which"}, {"end": "00:09:56", "start": "00:09:51", "text": "are heavy enough to sever the cables as"}, {"end": "00:09:59", "start": "00:09:53", "text": "they pass. Oil tanker Eagle S, Chinese"}, {"end": "00:10:02", "start": "00:09:56", "text": "flagged vessel Yeping 3, which had a"}, {"end": "00:10:04", "start": "00:09:59", "text": "Russian captain and the Ven were all"}, {"end": "00:10:06", "start": "00:10:02", "text": "implicated in cable cutting incidents"}, {"end": "00:10:09", "start": "00:10:04", "text": "like this within three months of one"}, {"end": "00:10:10", "start": "00:10:06", "text": "another. Russian spy ships have also"}, {"end": "00:10:12", "start": "00:10:09", "text": "been caught mapping undersea"}, {"end": "00:10:15", "start": "00:10:10", "text": "infrastructure for possible future"}, {"end": "00:10:17", "start": "00:10:12", "text": "attacks, including one ship, the Yantar,"}, {"end": "00:10:19", "start": "00:10:15", "text": "that entered British waters twice. The"}, {"end": "00:10:21", "start": "00:10:17", "text": "Yantar was spotted loitering off the"}, {"end": "00:10:24", "start": "00:10:19", "text": "coast of Cornwall and then again in the"}, {"end": "00:10:26", "start": "00:10:21", "text": "North Sea, the location of critical"}, {"end": "00:10:28", "start": "00:10:24", "text": "cables and energy pipelines. If we go"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:26", "text": "back to the tapes, we can see the UK"}, {"end": "00:10:33", "start": "00:10:28", "text": "defense secretary warning Parliament"}, {"end": "00:10:35", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "about these incursions. I also wanted to"}, {"end": "00:10:38", "start": "00:10:33", "text": "confirm to the house that I authorized a"}, {"end": "00:10:40", "start": "00:10:35", "text": "Royal Navy submarine strictly as a"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:38", "text": "deterrent measure to surface close to"}, {"end": "00:10:47", "start": "00:10:40", "text": "Yantar to make clear that we had been"}, {"end": "00:10:51", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "covertly monitoring its every move. The"}, {"end": "00:10:54", "start": "00:10:47", "text": "ship then left UK waters without further"}, {"end": "00:10:56", "start": "00:10:51", "text": "loitering and sailed down to the"}, {"end": "00:10:59", "start": "00:10:54", "text": "Mediterranean. What Mr. Healey just"}, {"end": "00:11:01", "start": "00:10:56", "text": "revealed is that the Yantar was chased"}, {"end": "00:11:03", "start": "00:10:59", "text": "out of British waters by what we now"}, {"end": "00:11:05", "start": "00:11:01", "text": "know was a nuclearpowered submarine, an"}, {"end": "00:11:07", "start": "00:11:03", "text": "incredibly rare public disclosure of"}, {"end": "00:11:10", "start": "00:11:05", "text": "information about the UK's highly"}, {"end": "00:11:14", "start": "00:11:07", "text": "secretive nuclear fleet. He then issued"}, {"end": "00:11:17", "start": "00:11:10", "text": "a direct warning to Russia. We see you."}, {"end": "00:11:20", "start": "00:11:14", "text": "We know what you're doing and we will"}, {"end": "00:11:23", "start": "00:11:17", "text": "not shy away from robust action to"}, {"end": "00:11:26", "start": "00:11:20", "text": "protect this country. But what exactly"}, {"end": "00:11:27", "start": "00:11:23", "text": "is Russia's goal here? What is President"}, {"end": "00:11:30", "start": "00:11:26", "text": "Putin trying to achieve with these"}, {"end": "00:11:32", "start": "00:11:27", "text": "attacks? The answer lies in Russia's"}, {"end": "00:11:34", "start": "00:11:30", "text": "Soviet past. Starting at the end of"}, {"end": "00:11:36", "start": "00:11:32", "text": "World War II and lasting until the"}, {"end": "00:11:38", "start": "00:11:34", "text": "1990s, America, its allies, and the"}, {"end": "00:11:40", "start": "00:11:36", "text": "Soviet Union were locked in a"}, {"end": "00:11:42", "start": "00:11:38", "text": "geopolitical competition known as the"}, {"end": "00:11:44", "start": "00:11:40", "text": "Cold War. Whilst these ideological"}, {"end": "00:11:46", "start": "00:11:42", "text": "enemies wielded some of the largest"}, {"end": "00:11:48", "start": "00:11:44", "text": "armies the world has ever seen, they"}, {"end": "00:11:51", "start": "00:11:46", "text": "wanted to avoid actually fighting each"}, {"end": "00:11:53", "start": "00:11:48", "text": "other because of nuclear weapons. The"}, {"end": "00:11:55", "start": "00:11:51", "text": "destructive power of these bombs was so"}, {"end": "00:11:57", "start": "00:11:53", "text": "great that it was feared a nuclear war"}, {"end": "00:12:00", "start": "00:11:55", "text": "would spell the end of life on Earth as"}, {"end": "00:12:02", "start": "00:11:57", "text": "we know it. So they had to develop means"}, {"end": "00:12:05", "start": "00:12:00", "text": "short of allout war that they could use"}, {"end": "00:12:08", "start": "00:12:02", "text": "against one another. The CIA referred to"}, {"end": "00:12:11", "start": "00:12:05", "text": "this as political warfare. For the KGB,"}, {"end": "00:12:14", "start": "00:12:08", "text": "it was known as active measures. These"}, {"end": "00:12:16", "start": "00:12:11", "text": "might beformational or psychological,"}, {"end": "00:12:18", "start": "00:12:14", "text": "for example, disinformation or"}, {"end": "00:12:20", "start": "00:12:16", "text": "propaganda. Propaganda was broadly"}, {"end": "00:12:22", "start": "00:12:18", "text": "divided into three types. First was"}, {"end": "00:12:24", "start": "00:12:20", "text": "white propaganda where the source of the"}, {"end": "00:12:27", "start": "00:12:22", "text": "information is clearly identified. For"}, {"end": "00:12:29", "start": "00:12:24", "text": "example, a state-run TV station. Second"}, {"end": "00:12:32", "start": "00:12:27", "text": "is gray propaganda where the source is"}, {"end": "00:12:33", "start": "00:12:29", "text": "intentionally obscured so nobody is sure"}, {"end": "00:12:36", "start": "00:12:32", "text": "where the information came from. And"}, {"end": "00:12:38", "start": "00:12:33", "text": "then there's black propaganda where the"}, {"end": "00:12:40", "start": "00:12:36", "text": "information is falsely attributed so"}, {"end": "00:12:42", "start": "00:12:38", "text": "that people believe it came from its"}, {"end": "00:12:45", "start": "00:12:40", "text": "intended target. For example, the"}, {"end": "00:12:46", "start": "00:12:42", "text": "Soviets issued messages claiming to be"}, {"end": "00:12:48", "start": "00:12:45", "text": "from resistance movements within the"}, {"end": "00:12:51", "start": "00:12:46", "text": "Union in order to derail those"}, {"end": "00:12:53", "start": "00:12:48", "text": "movements. Or as the name active"}, {"end": "00:12:56", "start": "00:12:51", "text": "measures suggests, they could be more"}, {"end": "00:12:59", "start": "00:12:53", "text": "well active. For example, compromat"}, {"end": "00:13:01", "start": "00:12:56", "text": "operations where KGB agents built up"}, {"end": "00:13:03", "start": "00:12:59", "text": "dossiers of compromising information on"}, {"end": "00:13:05", "start": "00:13:01", "text": "politicians or other powerful elites,"}, {"end": "00:13:07", "start": "00:13:03", "text": "then used that to blackmail them, or"}, {"end": "00:13:09", "start": "00:13:05", "text": "targeted assassinations against"}, {"end": "00:13:11", "start": "00:13:07", "text": "opponents of the regime or dissident"}, {"end": "00:13:14", "start": "00:13:09", "text": "within. Whichever method was used, the"}, {"end": "00:13:16", "start": "00:13:11", "text": "aim was the same. To trick, intimidate,"}, {"end": "00:13:18", "start": "00:13:14", "text": "or force opponents of the Soviet Union"}, {"end": "00:13:21", "start": "00:13:16", "text": "to act in a way that weakens them,"}, {"end": "00:13:23", "start": "00:13:18", "text": "strengthen the USSR, or both. Vladimir"}, {"end": "00:13:25", "start": "00:13:21", "text": "Putin, who spent the early part of his"}, {"end": "00:13:28", "start": "00:13:23", "text": "career in the KGB, would have been"}, {"end": "00:13:30", "start": "00:13:25", "text": "well-versed in active measures. He was"}, {"end": "00:13:32", "start": "00:13:28", "text": "deployed in East Berlin, the front line"}, {"end": "00:13:35", "start": "00:13:30", "text": "of the Cold War, right up until the"}, {"end": "00:13:37", "start": "00:13:32", "text": "Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, and he"}, {"end": "00:13:39", "start": "00:13:35", "text": "returned home to pursue a career in"}, {"end": "00:13:42", "start": "00:13:37", "text": "politics. Now, Putin seems to be using"}, {"end": "00:13:44", "start": "00:13:39", "text": "his old Cold War training in the modern"}, {"end": "00:13:46", "start": "00:13:42", "text": "era. Whilst we can't know for certain,"}, {"end": "00:13:48", "start": "00:13:44", "text": "it seems likely the Kremlin has"}, {"end": "00:13:50", "start": "00:13:46", "text": "authorized the GRU to engage in a"}, {"end": "00:13:52", "start": "00:13:48", "text": "campaign of active measures against"}, {"end": "00:13:55", "start": "00:13:50", "text": "European nations who support Ukraine."}, {"end": "00:13:57", "start": "00:13:52", "text": "The goal today, as it was back then, is"}, {"end": "00:13:59", "start": "00:13:55", "text": "to trick or coers those backing"}, {"end": "00:14:01", "start": "00:13:57", "text": "Ukraine's war effort into scaling back"}, {"end": "00:14:03", "start": "00:13:59", "text": "or dropping their support. Some"}, {"end": "00:14:05", "start": "00:14:01", "text": "measures, such as the fires at the arms"}, {"end": "00:14:07", "start": "00:14:03", "text": "warehouses or the hacks on Polish"}, {"end": "00:14:09", "start": "00:14:05", "text": "trains, are designed to hamstring the"}, {"end": "00:14:11", "start": "00:14:07", "text": "war effort directly. Others work"}, {"end": "00:14:13", "start": "00:14:09", "text": "indirectly. For example, the"}, {"end": "00:14:15", "start": "00:14:11", "text": "assassination of the Russian pilot,"}, {"end": "00:14:17", "start": "00:14:13", "text": "which is intended to intimidate other"}, {"end": "00:14:19", "start": "00:14:15", "text": "Russian soldiers into continuing the"}, {"end": "00:14:21", "start": "00:14:17", "text": "fight. And some don't target the war"}, {"end": "00:14:23", "start": "00:14:19", "text": "effort at all, but are simply aimed to"}, {"end": "00:14:25", "start": "00:14:21", "text": "impose costs on Ukraine's backers or"}, {"end": "00:14:27", "start": "00:14:23", "text": "generate fear among the public, which"}, {"end": "00:14:29", "start": "00:14:25", "text": "then translates into political pressure"}, {"end": "00:14:31", "start": "00:14:27", "text": "to end the war. Think of it like"}, {"end": "00:14:33", "start": "00:14:29", "text": "mobsters running an extortion racket."}, {"end": "00:14:35", "start": "00:14:31", "text": "Nice country you guys got there. Be a"}, {"end": "00:14:37", "start": "00:14:33", "text": "shame if something happened to it. But"}, {"end": "00:14:39", "start": "00:14:35", "text": "crucially, all these tactics are"}, {"end": "00:14:41", "start": "00:14:37", "text": "designed to work without provoking a"}, {"end": "00:14:44", "start": "00:14:39", "text": "direct war between Russia and the rest"}, {"end": "00:14:46", "start": "00:14:41", "text": "of Europe, which Moscow worries it would"}, {"end": "00:14:49", "start": "00:14:44", "text": "lose. The Kremlin must therefore tow a"}, {"end": "00:14:51", "start": "00:14:46", "text": "careful line. Ukraine's backers need to"}, {"end": "00:14:54", "start": "00:14:49", "text": "understand they're under attack, who"}, {"end": "00:14:56", "start": "00:14:51", "text": "from, and why. But Russia can't directly"}, {"end": "00:14:59", "start": "00:14:54", "text": "claim credit or else risk retaliation."}, {"end": "00:15:02", "start": "00:14:56", "text": "Again, very much like mob intimidation."}, {"end": "00:15:04", "start": "00:14:59", "text": "Knows, but they don't know. So, what, if"}, {"end": "00:15:07", "start": "00:15:02", "text": "anything, can Europe do to stop the"}, {"end": "00:15:10", "start": "00:15:04", "text": "attacks? And are they working? We went"}, {"end": "00:15:12", "start": "00:15:07", "text": "to two experts to find out. Yes, my name"}, {"end": "00:15:14", "start": "00:15:10", "text": "is Maria Golba and I'm the founder of"}, {"end": "00:15:18", "start": "00:15:12", "text": "the think tank Baltic Initiative on"}, {"end": "00:15:20", "start": "00:15:14", "text": "European Reform based in RIA and a"}, {"end": "00:15:22", "start": "00:15:18", "text": "fellow at Center for European Policy"}, {"end": "00:15:25", "start": "00:15:20", "text": "Analysis. My name is Lucas Molenik and I"}, {"end": "00:15:28", "start": "00:15:22", "text": "am independent uh technology consultant"}, {"end": "00:15:32", "start": "00:15:25", "text": "and a visiting senior research fellow at"}, {"end": "00:15:35", "start": "00:15:28", "text": "department of war studies KCL. I'm"}, {"end": "00:15:39", "start": "00:15:32", "text": "looking at cyber security aspects as"}, {"end": "00:15:42", "start": "00:15:35", "text": "well as data breaches and propaganda"}, {"end": "00:15:44", "start": "00:15:39", "text": "um operations for uh quite some time"}, {"end": "00:15:46", "start": "00:15:42", "text": "now. If we're going to work out whether"}, {"end": "00:15:48", "start": "00:15:44", "text": "Russian sabotage attacks are working,"}, {"end": "00:15:50", "start": "00:15:46", "text": "first we need to know what their goals"}, {"end": "00:15:53", "start": "00:15:48", "text": "are. I think there are several goals."}, {"end": "00:15:56", "start": "00:15:50", "text": "One is of course to test um where um"}, {"end": "00:15:58", "start": "00:15:53", "text": "where our guard slips so to say where we"}, {"end": "00:16:00", "start": "00:15:56", "text": "are less protected than we would like to"}, {"end": "00:16:03", "start": "00:15:58", "text": "think. What are the vulnerabilities? So"}, {"end": "00:16:06", "start": "00:16:00", "text": "testing the limits is one and also of"}, {"end": "00:16:09", "start": "00:16:03", "text": "course testing when uh will um specific"}, {"end": "00:16:12", "start": "00:16:06", "text": "episodes be escalated to political level"}, {"end": "00:16:16", "start": "00:16:09", "text": "or not. Whether for example countries in"}, {"end": "00:16:18", "start": "00:16:12", "text": "the west would prefer to um speak less"}, {"end": "00:16:20", "start": "00:16:16", "text": "about the cases of sabotaging the"}, {"end": "00:16:21", "start": "00:16:18", "text": "successful ones or prefer to escalate"}, {"end": "00:16:23", "start": "00:16:20", "text": "them to the political level. That's"}, {"end": "00:16:27", "start": "00:16:21", "text": "something they're trying to test and to"}, {"end": "00:16:30", "start": "00:16:23", "text": "to see how how it works. Another goal of"}, {"end": "00:16:33", "start": "00:16:27", "text": "course is uh the well communication or"}, {"end": "00:16:35", "start": "00:16:30", "text": "if you wish um propaganda message"}, {"end": "00:16:38", "start": "00:16:33", "text": "showing that the west is vulnerable that"}, {"end": "00:16:40", "start": "00:16:35", "text": "the west is not good at managing its own"}, {"end": "00:16:43", "start": "00:16:38", "text": "critical infrastructure it its own"}, {"end": "00:16:46", "start": "00:16:40", "text": "defenses um in the civil sector. Russia"}, {"end": "00:16:48", "start": "00:16:43", "text": "sees that um the west or at least um"}, {"end": "00:16:50", "start": "00:16:46", "text": "western Europe, I mean Europe in"}, {"end": "00:16:53", "start": "00:16:48", "text": "general, European Union has been quite"}, {"end": "00:16:57", "start": "00:16:50", "text": "uh persistent in supporting Ukraine over"}, {"end": "00:17:00", "start": "00:16:53", "text": "those uh those last three years and um"}, {"end": "00:17:04", "start": "00:16:57", "text": "they do feel that unless um the pressure"}, {"end": "00:17:07", "start": "00:17:00", "text": "on policy makers from the voters becomes"}, {"end": "00:17:09", "start": "00:17:04", "text": "much more tangible in in the sense of of"}, {"end": "00:17:11", "start": "00:17:07", "text": "giving up this support for Ukraine that"}, {"end": "00:17:14", "start": "00:17:09", "text": "the West will continue supporting"}, {"end": "00:17:15", "start": "00:17:11", "text": "Ukraine and that is not something that"}, {"end": "00:17:17", "start": "00:17:14", "text": "uh that they're happy about. So"}, {"end": "00:17:20", "start": "00:17:15", "text": "obviously that increases Ukraine's"}, {"end": "00:17:22", "start": "00:17:17", "text": "capabilities to fight Russia. So what"}, {"end": "00:17:24", "start": "00:17:20", "text": "they do is they try to undermine the"}, {"end": "00:17:26", "start": "00:17:22", "text": "credibility of western institutions of"}, {"end": "00:17:29", "start": "00:17:24", "text": "western governments in the eyes of"}, {"end": "00:17:32", "start": "00:17:26", "text": "western citizens to make sure that"}, {"end": "00:17:34", "start": "00:17:29", "text": "sooner or later the voters might feel"}, {"end": "00:17:37", "start": "00:17:32", "text": "tired, might feel like it's been enough"}, {"end": "00:17:39", "start": "00:17:34", "text": "and they don't like when um for example"}, {"end": "00:17:42", "start": "00:17:37", "text": "energy companies in Germany or in France"}, {"end": "00:17:46", "start": "00:17:39", "text": "are attacked by Russian hackers. um they"}, {"end": "00:17:49", "start": "00:17:42", "text": "don't like when um various life uh life"}, {"end": "00:17:52", "start": "00:17:46", "text": "sustaining systems of our societies are"}, {"end": "00:17:54", "start": "00:17:49", "text": "compromised by by their sabotage. So"}, {"end": "00:17:57", "start": "00:17:52", "text": "they expect that sooner or later this"}, {"end": "00:17:59", "start": "00:17:54", "text": "will lead to um the west giving up on"}, {"end": "00:18:01", "start": "00:17:57", "text": "Ukraine. Maria was a politician in"}, {"end": "00:18:03", "start": "00:17:59", "text": "Latvia, one of the countries targeted in"}, {"end": "00:18:05", "start": "00:18:01", "text": "these attacks. I wanted to know how"}, {"end": "00:18:06", "start": "00:18:03", "text": "Latapia deals with them. Yes indeed I"}, {"end": "00:18:08", "start": "00:18:05", "text": "have been a member of parliament on on"}, {"end": "00:18:10", "start": "00:18:06", "text": "national security committee and I've"}, {"end": "00:18:12", "start": "00:18:08", "text": "also been a minister of interior which"}, {"end": "00:18:15", "start": "00:18:10", "text": "is the equivalent of home secretary for"}, {"end": "00:18:17", "start": "00:18:12", "text": "one year. Um I think the Baltic states"}, {"end": "00:18:20", "start": "00:18:15", "text": "overall are much better prepared for"}, {"end": "00:18:22", "start": "00:18:17", "text": "Russian hybrid attacks. So as a result"}, {"end": "00:18:26", "start": "00:18:20", "text": "you don't hear so often in the media"}, {"end": "00:18:28", "start": "00:18:22", "text": "about successful uh attacks by Russia."}, {"end": "00:18:30", "start": "00:18:26", "text": "Um what you do hear about is the"}, {"end": "00:18:33", "start": "00:18:28", "text": "undersea cables. So the undersea cables"}, {"end": "00:18:35", "start": "00:18:30", "text": "that have been cut uh connecting um"}, {"end": "00:18:38", "start": "00:18:33", "text": "Latia and Estonia to the Nordic"}, {"end": "00:18:40", "start": "00:18:35", "text": "countries that has happened over the"}, {"end": "00:18:42", "start": "00:18:38", "text": "last year several times and that is of"}, {"end": "00:18:43", "start": "00:18:40", "text": "course quite alarming and since then um"}, {"end": "00:18:46", "start": "00:18:42", "text": "NATO ships had started patrolling the"}, {"end": "00:18:48", "start": "00:18:43", "text": "Baltic Sea much more assidiously so to"}, {"end": "00:18:52", "start": "00:18:46", "text": "say which uh which is is expected to"}, {"end": "00:18:54", "start": "00:18:48", "text": "prevent further attacks of this kind. Um"}, {"end": "00:18:57", "start": "00:18:52", "text": "but overall I would say that as far as"}, {"end": "00:19:00", "start": "00:18:54", "text": "um um well infrastructure which is"}, {"end": "00:19:03", "start": "00:18:57", "text": "situated on land is is concerned um our"}, {"end": "00:19:06", "start": "00:19:00", "text": "security services and our um basically"}, {"end": "00:19:10", "start": "00:19:03", "text": "our um even police I think are much more"}, {"end": "00:19:12", "start": "00:19:06", "text": "attuned to looking at uh potential risks"}, {"end": "00:19:14", "start": "00:19:10", "text": "of that kind and is much more serious"}, {"end": "00:19:16", "start": "00:19:12", "text": "about it than in in I'm sorry to say in"}, {"end": "00:19:19", "start": "00:19:14", "text": "some countries in the EU. So I think"}, {"end": "00:19:22", "start": "00:19:16", "text": "from that point of view we have fewer uh"}, {"end": "00:19:24", "start": "00:19:19", "text": "fewer really uh important uh cases like"}, {"end": "00:19:27", "start": "00:19:22", "text": "that. We have had some cases like in"}, {"end": "00:19:29", "start": "00:19:24", "text": "Lithuania somebody set fire to an IKEA"}, {"end": "00:19:32", "start": "00:19:27", "text": "shop and basically apparently this was"}, {"end": "00:19:34", "start": "00:19:29", "text": "for symbolic reasons of IKEA warehouse"}, {"end": "00:19:36", "start": "00:19:32", "text": "or shop being blue and yellow like the"}, {"end": "00:19:39", "start": "00:19:34", "text": "Ukrainian flag. So sometimes you have"}, {"end": "00:19:41", "start": "00:19:36", "text": "very very strange cases of sabotage to"}, {"end": "00:19:44", "start": "00:19:39", "text": "be quite honest. Um but I think that"}, {"end": "00:19:46", "start": "00:19:41", "text": "overall um well just because the Baltics"}, {"end": "00:19:48", "start": "00:19:44", "text": "are more watchful um and more aware"}, {"end": "00:19:51", "start": "00:19:46", "text": "because proximity makes you more aware"}, {"end": "00:19:53", "start": "00:19:48", "text": "of the threat um we have fewer"}, {"end": "00:19:55", "start": "00:19:51", "text": "successful cases by Russia sabotaging"}, {"end": "00:19:57", "start": "00:19:53", "text": "anything. I think the level of threat is"}, {"end": "00:20:00", "start": "00:19:55", "text": "considerable. I mean I would be I would"}, {"end": "00:20:02", "start": "00:19:57", "text": "be uh very much against um downplaying"}, {"end": "00:20:04", "start": "00:20:00", "text": "the the seriousness of this attacks just"}, {"end": "00:20:07", "start": "00:20:02", "text": "because there have not been so many"}, {"end": "00:20:11", "start": "00:20:04", "text": "terribly successful ones yet. Russian uh"}, {"end": "00:20:13", "start": "00:20:07", "text": "defense and and attack uh system so to"}, {"end": "00:20:15", "start": "00:20:11", "text": "say is very multiaceted. There are very"}, {"end": "00:20:18", "start": "00:20:13", "text": "many different groups and collectives,"}, {"end": "00:20:21", "start": "00:20:15", "text": "private actors basically working in in"}, {"end": "00:20:23", "start": "00:20:18", "text": "concert with the state actors. Um lots"}, {"end": "00:20:26", "start": "00:20:21", "text": "of initiatives. So they're proddding and"}, {"end": "00:20:29", "start": "00:20:23", "text": "trying and checking and and testing and"}, {"end": "00:20:31", "start": "00:20:26", "text": "I think some of them might be pretty uh"}, {"end": "00:20:34", "start": "00:20:29", "text": "helpless at doing that but others might"}, {"end": "00:20:38", "start": "00:20:31", "text": "be not at all helpless. Some are um from"}, {"end": "00:20:39", "start": "00:20:34", "text": "very uh wellresourced state units. Next,"}, {"end": "00:20:41", "start": "00:20:38", "text": "I wanted to know whether Russia's"}, {"end": "00:20:43", "start": "00:20:39", "text": "attacks are achieving its aims. Before"}, {"end": "00:20:45", "start": "00:20:41", "text": "we hear from Wukash, he's coping with"}, {"end": "00:20:48", "start": "00:20:43", "text": "hearing loss. So bear that in mind as"}, {"end": "00:20:52", "start": "00:20:45", "text": "you listen. Assuming that the goal was"}, {"end": "00:20:54", "start": "00:20:48", "text": "the paralysis of um support to Ukraine,"}, {"end": "00:20:57", "start": "00:20:52", "text": "then no, the attacks weren't successful"}, {"end": "00:21:00", "start": "00:20:54", "text": "because the support is still maintained."}, {"end": "00:21:03", "start": "00:20:57", "text": "However, when it comes to creating a"}, {"end": "00:21:07", "start": "00:21:00", "text": "fair discontent, perhaps including some"}, {"end": "00:21:09", "start": "00:21:03", "text": "lines of discussion on the political"}, {"end": "00:21:12", "start": "00:21:07", "text": "agenda or media agenda in Western"}, {"end": "00:21:15", "start": "00:21:09", "text": "Europe, then indeed some topics did"}, {"end": "00:21:18", "start": "00:21:12", "text": "emerge and enter the debate and that is"}, {"end": "00:21:20", "start": "00:21:15", "text": "precisely the issue because we are when"}, {"end": "00:21:23", "start": "00:21:18", "text": "let me just focus on information"}, {"end": "00:21:25", "start": "00:21:20", "text": "operations and propaganda. So people"}, {"end": "00:21:29", "start": "00:21:23", "text": "over focus on sending individual"}, {"end": "00:21:32", "start": "00:21:25", "text": "messages like uh let's say um fake news,"}, {"end": "00:21:36", "start": "00:21:29", "text": "fake message, fake tweet or the message"}, {"end": "00:21:40", "start": "00:21:32", "text": "on Xplatform now and they uh of too"}, {"end": "00:21:42", "start": "00:21:36", "text": "often overhype or freak out that oh wow"}, {"end": "00:21:47", "start": "00:21:40", "text": "there were several pages on Facebook"}, {"end": "00:21:50", "start": "00:21:42", "text": "there were spreading um some uh"}, {"end": "00:21:52", "start": "00:21:47", "text": "falsified or disinformation content. But"}, {"end": "00:21:56", "start": "00:21:50", "text": "what is really the problem is the"}, {"end": "00:21:59", "start": "00:21:52", "text": "longterm operation and this one is"}, {"end": "00:22:02", "start": "00:21:56", "text": "targeting the cognitive domain. So there"}, {"end": "00:22:06", "start": "00:21:59", "text": "are plenty of operations happening in"}, {"end": "00:22:09", "start": "00:22:02", "text": "the long term and the longterm impact is"}, {"end": "00:22:12", "start": "00:22:06", "text": "something that is actually probably the"}, {"end": "00:22:18", "start": "00:22:09", "text": "goal. That was always the goal at least"}, {"end": "00:22:21", "start": "00:22:12", "text": "of the uh Soviet uh secret services. And"}, {"end": "00:22:24", "start": "00:22:18", "text": "actually it is well known that long-term"}, {"end": "00:22:28", "start": "00:22:21", "text": "interactions and influence is something"}, {"end": "00:22:32", "start": "00:22:24", "text": "that is the actual goal of information"}, {"end": "00:22:35", "start": "00:22:28", "text": "operations and not the isolated cases."}, {"end": "00:22:39", "start": "00:22:32", "text": "So let's think of it as a long-term"}, {"end": "00:22:42", "start": "00:22:35", "text": "game. So uh narratives are quite a"}, {"end": "00:22:47", "start": "00:22:39", "text": "complex uh thing as well because usually"}, {"end": "00:22:50", "start": "00:22:42", "text": "you have um we to simplify we consider a"}, {"end": "00:22:53", "start": "00:22:47", "text": "totally polarized society. So we just"}, {"end": "00:22:56", "start": "00:22:50", "text": "have two large groups and they most to"}, {"end": "00:22:58", "start": "00:22:53", "text": "make it a simple they oppose each other"}, {"end": "00:23:02", "start": "00:22:56", "text": "in various ways for example"}, {"end": "00:23:05", "start": "00:22:58", "text": "ideologically or when it comes to"}, {"end": "00:23:08", "start": "00:23:02", "text": "aspects of economy or for example the"}, {"end": "00:23:11", "start": "00:23:05", "text": "support of Ukraine. So uh the way it"}, {"end": "00:23:13", "start": "00:23:08", "text": "works is that you do not as an"}, {"end": "00:23:16", "start": "00:23:11", "text": "information prop operator or"}, {"end": "00:23:20", "start": "00:23:13", "text": "propagandist or operator and information"}, {"end": "00:23:23", "start": "00:23:16", "text": "warfare tasked to uh tasked with um"}, {"end": "00:23:26", "start": "00:23:20", "text": "exerting influence on a state. You do"}, {"end": "00:23:29", "start": "00:23:23", "text": "not support the only one side. You play"}, {"end": "00:23:31", "start": "00:23:26", "text": "both sides. You just fuel the"}, {"end": "00:23:34", "start": "00:23:29", "text": "discontent. So it's not like they have"}, {"end": "00:23:37", "start": "00:23:31", "text": "opinions like they support a candidate."}, {"end": "00:23:40", "start": "00:23:34", "text": "They support everyone. They don't have"}, {"end": "00:23:43", "start": "00:23:37", "text": "opinions in local domestic matters when"}, {"end": "00:23:45", "start": "00:23:40", "text": "it comes to UK or Germany or or France."}, {"end": "00:23:48", "start": "00:23:43", "text": "They it's their job. They is their job"}, {"end": "00:23:52", "start": "00:23:45", "text": "to influence the public opinion and"}, {"end": "00:23:55", "start": "00:23:48", "text": "societies. Uh so they funnel various"}, {"end": "00:23:58", "start": "00:23:52", "text": "narratives sometimes completely crazy"}, {"end": "00:24:01", "start": "00:23:55", "text": "like flat earths or or or other"}, {"end": "00:24:04", "start": "00:23:58", "text": "conspiracy theories. That's because"}, {"end": "00:24:08", "start": "00:24:01", "text": "there are audiences"}, {"end": "00:24:11", "start": "00:24:04", "text": "which may be prone to pick up those"}, {"end": "00:24:14", "start": "00:24:08", "text": "messages because it's also quite well"}, {"end": "00:24:17", "start": "00:24:11", "text": "known in propaganda studies that that"}, {"end": "00:24:20", "start": "00:24:14", "text": "it's really difficult and expensive to"}, {"end": "00:24:23", "start": "00:24:17", "text": "create a topic out of scratch. It's much"}, {"end": "00:24:26", "start": "00:24:20", "text": "much better to subscribe to existing"}, {"end": "00:24:31", "start": "00:24:23", "text": "uh narratives or or discussions already"}, {"end": "00:24:34", "start": "00:24:26", "text": "on the uh social um let's general public"}, {"end": "00:24:36", "start": "00:24:31", "text": "agenda or opinion. Last I wanted to know"}, {"end": "00:24:38", "start": "00:24:34", "text": "if Europe is doing anything to stop"}, {"end": "00:24:41", "start": "00:24:36", "text": "these attacks. When it comes to cyber"}, {"end": "00:24:43", "start": "00:24:38", "text": "attacks, there are frameworks, legal and"}, {"end": "00:24:45", "start": "00:24:41", "text": "political tools"}, {"end": "00:24:48", "start": "00:24:43", "text": "uh that may be used like for example"}, {"end": "00:24:51", "start": "00:24:45", "text": "naming and shaming but explaining what"}, {"end": "00:24:54", "start": "00:24:48", "text": "is happening and who is driving that."}, {"end": "00:24:56", "start": "00:24:51", "text": "There are no such legal or political"}, {"end": "00:24:58", "start": "00:24:54", "text": "tools when it comes to let's say those"}, {"end": "00:25:00", "start": "00:24:56", "text": "hybrid operations like sabotage"}, {"end": "00:25:04", "start": "00:24:58", "text": "operations. So this is something that"}, {"end": "00:25:08", "start": "00:25:00", "text": "the European Union and the UK currently"}, {"end": "00:25:11", "start": "00:25:04", "text": "lack. There are messaging"}, {"end": "00:25:14", "start": "00:25:08", "text": "but there are no structural approaches"}, {"end": "00:25:17", "start": "00:25:11", "text": "here and this is perhaps due to the fact"}, {"end": "00:25:18", "start": "00:25:14", "text": "that there are already structured"}, {"end": "00:25:20", "start": "00:25:17", "text": "collaboration when it comes to"}, {"end": "00:25:24", "start": "00:25:18", "text": "exchanging information about cyber"}, {"end": "00:25:28", "start": "00:25:20", "text": "threats and perhaps um it would be"}, {"end": "00:25:32", "start": "00:25:24", "text": "better if there could be some kind of"}, {"end": "00:25:35", "start": "00:25:28", "text": "frameworks for closer intelligence"}, {"end": "00:25:38", "start": "00:25:32", "text": "uh collaboration like the real time"}, {"end": "00:25:41", "start": "00:25:35", "text": "exchange of threat information about"}, {"end": "00:25:44", "start": "00:25:38", "text": "some kind of data of the kind because"}, {"end": "00:25:49", "start": "00:25:41", "text": "there are plenty of units um interested"}, {"end": "00:25:53", "start": "00:25:44", "text": "in sing chaos in uh Europe and sooner or"}, {"end": "00:25:58", "start": "00:25:49", "text": "later uh the western Europe uh European"}, {"end": "00:26:00", "start": "00:25:53", "text": "Union and the UK we need to"}, {"end": "00:26:04", "start": "00:25:58", "text": "be serious about it because it's"}, {"end": "00:26:06", "start": "00:26:00", "text": "happening and it's um happening now. So"}, {"end": "00:26:10", "start": "00:26:04", "text": "this is a question that should be asked"}, {"end": "00:26:12", "start": "00:26:06", "text": "to policy makers. Is hitting back at"}, {"end": "00:26:15", "start": "00:26:10", "text": "Russia an option? That's a thought that"}, {"end": "00:26:16", "start": "00:26:12", "text": "one hears increasingly these days. I"}, {"end": "00:26:18", "start": "00:26:15", "text": "think it's it's not the first time I"}, {"end": "00:26:21", "start": "00:26:16", "text": "hear this question and I have heard"}, {"end": "00:26:23", "start": "00:26:18", "text": "opinions from experts uh across all"}, {"end": "00:26:26", "start": "00:26:21", "text": "across the whole spectrum of you know"}, {"end": "00:26:28", "start": "00:26:23", "text": "political scientists, security analysts"}, {"end": "00:26:31", "start": "00:26:26", "text": "whoever uh who tend to agree that uh who"}, {"end": "00:26:33", "start": "00:26:28", "text": "tend to agree that uh we might actually"}, {"end": "00:26:36", "start": "00:26:31", "text": "be doing more in terms of hitting that"}, {"end": "00:26:37", "start": "00:26:33", "text": "not just in terms of of trying to be"}, {"end": "00:26:40", "start": "00:26:36", "text": "more prepared or protect our critical"}, {"end": "00:26:43", "start": "00:26:37", "text": "infrastructure. The question is how and"}, {"end": "00:26:45", "start": "00:26:40", "text": "uh and in what form and who would be"}, {"end": "00:26:49", "start": "00:26:43", "text": "again making those decisions. I think in"}, {"end": "00:26:51", "start": "00:26:45", "text": "some countries um the politicians and um"}, {"end": "00:26:53", "start": "00:26:49", "text": "the uh public administration especially"}, {"end": "00:26:55", "start": "00:26:51", "text": "the security services are themselves"}, {"end": "00:26:57", "start": "00:26:53", "text": "quite ready probably for for trying"}, {"end": "00:26:59", "start": "00:26:55", "text": "something like that and in other"}, {"end": "00:27:02", "start": "00:26:57", "text": "countries they are probably much more"}, {"end": "00:27:04", "start": "00:26:59", "text": "cautious. So again um I think the devil"}, {"end": "00:27:06", "start": "00:27:02", "text": "is in the detail. That's where this tape"}, {"end": "00:27:08", "start": "00:27:04", "text": "stops, but we'll be back soon to play"}, {"end": "00:27:11", "start": "00:27:06", "text": "you through another piece of geopolitics"}, {"end": "00:27:11", "start": "00:27:08", "text": "on tape."}]

[{"end": "00:00:14", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "Y si te dijera que el 21 de junio de 2025,\u00a0 mientras el mundo dorm\u00eda, se ejecut\u00f3 una operaci\u00f3n militar que cara al p\u00fablico, era para\u00a0 desactivar una amenaza nuclear,... pero que por alg\u00fan motivo colaps\u00f3 instant\u00e1neamente el 25% del\u00a0 poder computacional de Bitcoin a nivel mundial?"}, {"end": "00:00:24", "start": "00:00:14", "text": "Lo que est\u00e1s a punto de descubrir en este\u00a0 video no es teor\u00eda. Son hechos documentados, correlaciones imposibles de ignorar, y una verdad\u00a0 que los que la conocen, no quieren que descubras."}, {"end": "00:00:33", "start": "00:00:24", "text": "Mi nombre es Iv\u00e1n Prats, y hoy vamos a\u00a0 desentra\u00f1ar c\u00f3mo la Operaci\u00f3n Midnight Hammer de Estados Unidos e Israel, revel\u00f3 algo\u00a0 mucho m\u00e1s profundo que una simple coincidencia."}, {"end": "00:00:48", "start": "00:00:33", "text": "21 de junio de 2025. 5:00 PM hora del Este. Mientras los estadounidenses cenaban, 7 bombarderos stealth B-2 Spirit despegaban en\u00a0 completo silencio. Su carga: bombas penetradoras de cerca de 14 toneladas dise\u00f1adas para\u00a0 destruir b\u00fankeres a 100 metros bajo tierra."}, {"end": "00:00:56", "start": "00:00:48", "text": "Los objetivos: Fordow, Natanz, Isfahan.\u00a0 Tres nombres que significan poco para el ciudadano promedio, pero que esconden\u00a0 el secreto mejor guardado de Ir\u00e1n."}, {"end": "00:01:22", "start": "00:00:56", "text": "Trump declar\u00f3 la misma noche del ataque\u00a0 que las instalaciones nucleares de Ir\u00e1n habian sido destruidas. Pero aqu\u00ed viene lo extra\u00f1o... Exactamente 70 minutos despu\u00e9s del anuncio de\u00a0 Trump, algo impensable sucedi\u00f3. El hashrate global de Bitcoin que es la medida del poder\u00a0 computacional total de la blockchain de Bitcoin, comenz\u00f3 a colapsar. Y esta no fue una\u00a0 ca\u00edda gradual en cuanto al porcentaje, ni tampoco el cuanto al timing, este tipo\u00a0 de ca\u00eddas suelen ser comunes durante los meses del halving, que fue en 2024. Esta\u00a0 no hab\u00eda sido una fluctuaci\u00f3n normal."}, {"end": "00:01:33", "start": "00:01:22", "text": "Un desplome CATASTR\u00d3FICO del 25% del hashrate. 234 exahashes por segundo... desaparecidos. Como si alguien hubiera apagado una cuarta\u00a0 parte de todas las computadoras minando Bitcoin en el planeta. \u00bfCoincidencia?"}, {"end": "00:01:36", "start": "00:01:33", "text": "Quiz\u00e1s, pero prep\u00e1rate, porque\u00a0 esta historia apenas comienza."}, {"end": "00:01:40", "start": "00:01:36", "text": "Para entender todo esto, primero debemos\u00a0 retroceder a marzo de este mismo a\u00f1o."}, {"end": "00:01:44", "start": "00:01:40", "text": "Tulsi Gabbard, la nueva Directora de Inteligencia\u00a0 Nacional de Trump, se presenta ante el Congreso."}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:44", "text": "Su testimonio es categ\u00f3rico: \"Ir\u00e1n NO est\u00e1\u00a0 construyendo armas nucleares. El programa fue suspendido en 2003 y NO ha sido reactivado.\" 18 agencias de inteligencia. Un consenso un\u00e1nime."}, {"end": "00:01:58", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "Ir\u00e1n ten\u00eda uranio enriquecido, s\u00ed, pero\u00a0 NING\u00daN programa de armamento activo."}, {"end": "00:02:11", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "Entonces... \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 atacar\u00a0 instalaciones nucleares que supuestamente no representaban una amenaza? El 17 de junio, apenas 4 d\u00edas antes del ataque, Trump contradice p\u00fablicamente a su\u00a0 propia directora de inteligencia: \"No me importa lo que ella diga.\"\u00a0 Declaraba el presidente estadounidense."}, {"end": "00:02:17", "start": "00:02:11", "text": "\u00bfTrump sab\u00eda algo que la propia inteligencia\u00a0 de su pa\u00eds desconoc\u00eda? \u00bfO hab\u00eda OTRO objetivo en esas instalaciones que no\u00a0 quieren que se haga p\u00fablico?."}, {"end": "00:02:21", "start": "00:02:18", "text": "Atento porque aqu\u00ed es donde la\u00a0 historia se vuelve fascinante."}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:21", "text": "Las mismas instalaciones nucleares atacadas\u00a0 \u2014Fordow, enterrada 100 metros bajo una monta\u00f1a; Natanz, el complejo de enriquecimiento m\u00e1s\u00a0 grande; Isfahan, la planta de conversi\u00f3n nuclear\u2014 compart\u00edan algo m\u00e1s que uranio. Compart\u00edan una red el\u00e9ctrica."}, {"end": "00:02:38", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "Una red que alimentaba no solo centrifugadoras...\u00a0 sino algo mucho m\u00e1s lucrativo."}, {"end": "00:02:54", "start": "00:02:38", "text": "Documentos del Consejo Nacional de Resistencia\u00a0 de Ir\u00e1n revelan que el Cuerpo de la Guardia Revolucionaria controlaba 230,000 dispositivos\u00a0 de miner\u00eda de Bitcoin. Una operaci\u00f3n que consum\u00eda 2,000 megavatios DIARIOS. \u00bfY sabes cual es el precio de la electricidad en estas instalaciones?\u00a0 0.002 d\u00f3lares por kilovatio-hora."}, {"end": "00:03:01", "start": "00:02:54", "text": "El costo m\u00e1s barato de TODO EL PLANETA. \u00bfComenz\u00e1s a ver la conexi\u00f3n?... Pues esto se va a poner a\u00fan m\u00e1s interesante. 9:00 PM GMT, 21 de junio."}, {"end": "00:03:24", "start": "00:03:04", "text": "Los primeros misiles impactan.\u00a0 En ese EXACTO momento, el hashrate de Bitcoin registra su primera ca\u00edda: 50 exahashes desaparecen en 60 minutos. Los analistas de Glassnode lo confirmaron: \"La red cay\u00f3 de casi 1,000 EH/s a apenas 700 EH/s.\" Pero aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 el dato que te helar\u00e1 la sangre: Ir\u00e1n solo controlaba segun datos publicos\u00a0 oficiales el 3.1% del hashrate global."}, {"end": "00:03:41", "start": "00:03:24", "text": "Aproximadamente 28.5 exahashes. Sin embargo, la ca\u00edda fue de \u00bfC\u00f3mo puede el 3% causar una ca\u00edda del 25%? A menos que... esas instalaciones nucleares no fueran las \u00fanicas conectadas a la red. Los reportes oficiales hablan de \"da\u00f1os significativos\" en Natanz, donde 15,000\u00a0 centrifugadoras quedaron sin electricidad."}, {"end": "00:03:45", "start": "00:03:42", "text": "Pero los informes de inteligencia\u00a0 filtrados cuentan otra historia."}, {"end": "00:04:06", "start": "00:03:45", "text": "Las evaluaciones posteriores admitieron\u00a0 que el programa nuclear solo se retras\u00f3 \"unos meses como m\u00e1ximo\". \u00bfMeses? \u00bfGastaron 75 misiles y 7 bombarderos B-2 para un retraso de MESES? Si estudias un poco de hist\u00f3ria entre Ir\u00e1n y occidente, te dar\u00e1s cuenta de los noticieros\u00a0 llevan diciendo que Ir\u00e1n est\u00e1 a punto de tener una bomba nuclear desde los 80. Han pasado\u00a0 m\u00e1s de 40 a\u00f1os y la bomba nunca lleg\u00f3."}, {"end": "00:04:20", "start": "00:04:06", "text": "Suena extra\u00f1o? La verdad es que s\u00ed, Porque lo es.\u00a0 Rumores ya circulan en redes sobre que el objetivo real estaba en los s\u00f3tanos. En las granjas de\u00a0 miner\u00eda ocultas bajo el pretexto de investigaci\u00f3n nuclear. Operaciones que generaban mil millones\u00a0 de d\u00f3lares anuales para el r\u00e9gimen iran\u00ed."}, {"end": "00:04:39", "start": "00:04:20", "text": "Bitcoin les permit\u00eda evadir sanciones.\u00a0 Financiar operaciones. Moverse fuera del sistema bancario internacional. Granjas muy lucrativas, que el 21 de junio, alguien decidi\u00f3 apagar. Coincidentemente, este colapso del hashrate benefici\u00f3 a los mineros estadounidenses.\u00a0 Foundry USA, con sede en Nueva York, vio su participaci\u00f3n de mercado AUMENTAR mientras\u00a0 los mineros en oriente medio se desconectaban."}, {"end": "00:04:47", "start": "00:04:39", "text": "Los ETF de Bitcoin registraron\u00a0 entradas de 1.54 MIL MILLONES durante la \"recuperaci\u00f3n\" en los mismos dias\u00a0 de la operaci\u00f3n militar de Israel y EEUU."}, {"end": "00:05:08", "start": "00:04:47", "text": "\u00bfQui\u00e9n compra durante una crisis? Te puedo\u00a0 asegurar que el ciudadano promedio no, lo hacen los que saben lo que viene despu\u00e9s. Todo esto muestra una conexi\u00f3n que yo mismo no soy capaz de descifrar, es como si\u00a0 faltara una pieza del puzzle\u2026 Trump, el presidente pro-crypto. Gabbard, contradiciendo\u00a0 la narrativa oficial. Los ataques \"quir\u00fargicos\" que casualmente destruyeron la infraestructura\u00a0 el\u00e9ctrica pero no el programa nuclear."}, {"end": "00:05:15", "start": "00:05:08", "text": "Si Ir\u00e1n no estaba construyendo armas nucleares...\u00a0 Si el objetivo real era el Bitcoin... Si todo esto estaba planeado... \u00bfQu\u00e9 m\u00e1s no nos est\u00e1n diciendo?"}, {"end": "00:05:52", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "El 23 de junio, Ir\u00e1n respondi\u00f3 atacando bases\u00a0 estadounidenses. Pero curiosamente Trump declaraba en redes que le avisaron antes de hacerlo, que\u00a0 ning\u00fan misil impact\u00f3 causando da\u00f1os ni bajas, como si hubiera... un acuerdo previo\u2026 A las pocas horas Trump declaraba un \u201calto el fuego\u201d pactado entre todos los\u00a0 involucrados, poniendo fin al conflicto\u2026 Lo que presenciamos entre el 21 y 23 de junio no\u00a0 fue solo un ataque militar. Fue potencialmente la primera guerra cripto-geopol\u00edtica de la historia. Una guerra donde las bombas no solo destruyen b\u00fankeres, sino redes\u00a0 computacionales. Donde el poder no se mide solo en megatones, sino en exahashes. Y aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 la parte que deber\u00eda aterrarte: Si pueden hacer esto con Bitcoin...\u00a0 \u00bfqu\u00e9 m\u00e1s pueden controlar?"}, {"end": "00:05:54", "start": "00:05:52", "text": "Tu dinero digital. Tus\u00a0 transacciones. Tu futuro financiero."}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:54", "text": "Todo conectado. Todo\u00a0 rastreable. Todo... vulnerable."}, {"end": "00:06:09", "start": "00:05:57", "text": "La Operaci\u00f3n Midnight Hammer no fue el final.\u00a0 Fue el principio. El momento en que las guerras del futuro mostraron su verdadero rostro. Y ahora que conoces la verdad... la pregunta es\u2026 \u00bfqu\u00e9 vas a hacer con ella? Si este video te abri\u00f3 los ojos, o al menos te hizo pensar, comp\u00e1rtelo. Porque\u00a0 el conocimiento es la \u00fanica arma que nos queda."}, {"end": "00:06:13", "start": "00:06:09", "text": "Suscr\u00edbete para m\u00e1s investigaciones que\u00a0 no quieren que veas. Activa la campanita."}, {"end": "00:06:16", "start": "00:06:13", "text": "Y recuerda... En el mundo del poder, no hay coincidencias."}, {"end": "00:06:18", "start": "00:06:16", "text": "S\u00f3lo conspiraciones que en\u00a0 alg\u00fan momento, dejan de serlo."}]

[{"end": "00:00:05", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "There have long been reports of American"}, {"end": "00:00:07", "start": "00:00:02", "text": "black ops in Europe, but the full extent"}, {"end": "00:00:09", "start": "00:00:05", "text": "of these shadow missions are only now"}, {"end": "00:00:11", "start": "00:00:07", "text": "becoming clear. Because recently, some"}, {"end": "00:00:13", "start": "00:00:09", "text": "of them have been declassified or widely"}, {"end": "00:00:15", "start": "00:00:11", "text": "leaked to the media. From the depths of"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:13", "text": "the Cold War to the modern conflict in"}, {"end": "00:00:18", "start": "00:00:15", "text": "Ukraine, I dug through these"}, {"end": "00:00:21", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "congressional testimonies and newly"}, {"end": "00:00:23", "start": "00:00:18", "text": "declassified CIA documents so you don't"}, {"end": "00:00:24", "start": "00:00:21", "text": "have to end up on a watch list. In this"}, {"end": "00:00:27", "start": "00:00:23", "text": "iceberg format video, we're going to"}, {"end": "00:00:28", "start": "00:00:24", "text": "start with the crazy missions and then"}, {"end": "00:00:31", "start": "00:00:27", "text": "get into the absolutely buck wild,"}, {"end": "00:00:33", "start": "00:00:28", "text": "insane ones. The way American special"}, {"end": "00:00:35", "start": "00:00:31", "text": "operations work is each of the seven"}, {"end": "00:00:37", "start": "00:00:33", "text": "groups have their own region that they"}, {"end": "00:00:39", "start": "00:00:35", "text": "specialize in. 10th group has"}, {"end": "00:00:40", "start": "00:00:37", "text": "specialized in the defense of Europe"}, {"end": "00:00:43", "start": "00:00:39", "text": "since they were created in"}, {"end": "00:00:45", "start": "00:00:40", "text": "1952. Their original mission was to"}, {"end": "00:00:47", "start": "00:00:43", "text": "conduct partisan warfare deep behind"}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "enemy lines if the Soviet Union ever"}, {"end": "00:00:51", "start": "00:00:47", "text": "invaded into Western Europe. Because of"}, {"end": "00:00:54", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "this unique mission set, they're unlike"}, {"end": "00:00:56", "start": "00:00:51", "text": "any other special forces unit. They were"}, {"end": "00:00:58", "start": "00:00:54", "text": "given fake identities and cover stories"}, {"end": "00:01:00", "start": "00:00:56", "text": "to hide their true background, the kind"}, {"end": "00:01:02", "start": "00:00:58", "text": "of trade craft you'd normally see in a"}, {"end": "00:01:04", "start": "00:01:00", "text": "CIA officer. They were required to learn"}, {"end": "00:01:06", "start": "00:01:02", "text": "Russian, get really into European"}, {"end": "00:01:09", "start": "00:01:04", "text": "culture, and start smoking sigs. By"}, {"end": "00:01:12", "start": "00:01:06", "text": "2021, US special forces were present in"}, {"end": "00:01:14", "start": "00:01:09", "text": "33 out of 44 European countries. A full"}, {"end": "00:01:18", "start": "00:01:12", "text": "11% of the special forces were deployed"}, {"end": "00:01:20", "start": "00:01:14", "text": "to Europe, many of them 10th group guys."}, {"end": "00:01:22", "start": "00:01:18", "text": "General Clark, the former chief of US"}, {"end": "00:01:24", "start": "00:01:20", "text": "special operations command, said our"}, {"end": "00:01:27", "start": "00:01:22", "text": "soft have partnered with European allies"}, {"end": "00:01:29", "start": "00:01:24", "text": "since before 2014 focused on building"}, {"end": "00:01:31", "start": "00:01:27", "text": "resistance networks. But that is not"}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:29", "text": "just in the Baltics. That's through the"}, {"end": "00:01:35", "start": "00:01:31", "text": "rest of Europe. When General Clark was"}, {"end": "00:01:37", "start": "00:01:32", "text": "saying the rest of Europe, I think he"}, {"end": "00:01:39", "start": "00:01:35", "text": "was possibly hinting at a place called"}, {"end": "00:01:42", "start": "00:01:37", "text": "Ukraine, where we're only just now"}, {"end": "00:01:45", "start": "00:01:39", "text": "starting to learn the true extent of"}, {"end": "00:01:47", "start": "00:01:42", "text": "American clandestine missions. In 2014,"}, {"end": "00:01:50", "start": "00:01:45", "text": "Russia annexed Crimea and started arming"}, {"end": "00:01:51", "start": "00:01:47", "text": "separatist movements inside Ukraine. A"}, {"end": "00:01:53", "start": "00:01:50", "text": "lot of people don't know this, but in"}, {"end": "00:01:57", "start": "00:01:51", "text": "response, the 10th group US special"}, {"end": "00:01:59", "start": "00:01:53", "text": "forces sent 150 man-sized company on the"}, {"end": "00:02:01", "start": "00:01:57", "text": "ground inside Ukraine. And they weren't"}, {"end": "00:02:03", "start": "00:01:59", "text": "just there to party in Eastern Europe"}, {"end": "00:02:05", "start": "00:02:01", "text": "and drink the forbidden absent. No,"}, {"end": "00:02:06", "start": "00:02:03", "text": "we'll see. They had a big tactical"}, {"end": "00:02:08", "start": "00:02:05", "text": "impact. When I was researching this"}, {"end": "00:02:10", "start": "00:02:06", "text": "episode, trying to find information on"}, {"end": "00:02:12", "start": "00:02:08", "text": "US Black Ops missions in Europe, I"}, {"end": "00:02:14", "start": "00:02:10", "text": "noticed something annoying. The search"}, {"end": "00:02:16", "start": "00:02:12", "text": "engine prioritized paid results to the"}, {"end": "00:02:17", "start": "00:02:14", "text": "point where I had to skip to freaking"}, {"end": "00:02:20", "start": "00:02:16", "text": "page three to find anything genuinely"}, {"end": "00:02:22", "start": "00:02:17", "text": "useful. That's the initial reason why I"}, {"end": "00:02:24", "start": "00:02:20", "text": "reached out to FreeSpoke to sponsor this"}, {"end": "00:02:26", "start": "00:02:22", "text": "episode and they agreed. Free spoke"}, {"end": "00:02:28", "start": "00:02:24", "text": "prioritizes relevant information. They"}, {"end": "00:02:30", "start": "00:02:26", "text": "also provide unbiased search results,"}, {"end": "00:02:32", "start": "00:02:28", "text": "giving me a rating of each publication's"}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:30", "text": "leaning, whether it's left, right, or"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:32", "text": "center. They're not prioritizing some"}, {"end": "00:02:37", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "hidden agenda. Look, I'm always typing"}, {"end": "00:02:41", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "into the internet looking up stuff on"}, {"end": "00:02:42", "start": "00:02:37", "text": "bomb CIA kill teams. That 100% has put"}, {"end": "00:02:44", "start": "00:02:41", "text": "me on some type of government watch"}, {"end": "00:02:47", "start": "00:02:42", "text": "list. But not anymore because unlike big"}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:44", "text": "tech, FreeSpoke respects your privacy,"}, {"end": "00:02:51", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "so your browsing history is private and"}, {"end": "00:02:53", "start": "00:02:49", "text": "you're not getting bombarded with"}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:51", "text": "targeted ads. It even gives me the power"}, {"end": "00:02:57", "start": "00:02:53", "text": "to search through independent media"}, {"end": "00:03:00", "start": "00:02:55", "text": "sources like podcasts. Freepoke is"}, {"end": "00:03:02", "start": "00:02:57", "text": "giving my viewers 25% off your annual"}, {"end": "00:03:05", "start": "00:03:00", "text": "subscription by using my promo code"}, {"end": "00:03:07", "start": "00:03:02", "text": "cappy 25, which gets you 25% off your"}, {"end": "00:03:09", "start": "00:03:05", "text": "annual subscription. The link is in the"}, {"end": "00:03:12", "start": "00:03:07", "text": "description under the video. That's"}, {"end": "00:03:14", "start": "00:03:09", "text": "cappy 25 to get 25% off. Start using a"}, {"end": "00:03:16", "start": "00:03:12", "text": "search engine that helps promote"}, {"end": "00:03:18", "start": "00:03:14", "text": "independent media voices like my own and"}, {"end": "00:03:21", "start": "00:03:16", "text": "will save you an enormous amount of time"}, {"end": "00:03:24", "start": "00:03:18", "text": "on research and work. In February 2022,"}, {"end": "00:03:26", "start": "00:03:21", "text": "US special forces 10th group was"}, {"end": "00:03:28", "start": "00:03:24", "text": "actually on the ground in Ukraine in the"}, {"end": "00:03:30", "start": "00:03:26", "text": "capital city of Kev. They were training"}, {"end": "00:03:32", "start": "00:03:28", "text": "their Ukrainian counterparts in how to"}, {"end": "00:03:34", "start": "00:03:30", "text": "use sensitive items like Javelin and"}, {"end": "00:03:36", "start": "00:03:32", "text": "Stinger missiles to defend themselves."}, {"end": "00:03:39", "start": "00:03:34", "text": "They actually helped train them on new"}, {"end": "00:03:42", "start": "00:03:36", "text": "reconnaissance and attack drone tactics."}, {"end": "00:03:45", "start": "00:03:39", "text": "And according to SOCOM themselves, they"}, {"end": "00:03:48", "start": "00:03:42", "text": "helped train ultimately 27,000 Ukrainian"}, {"end": "00:03:49", "start": "00:03:45", "text": "soldiers. These SF guys were probably"}, {"end": "00:03:51", "start": "00:03:48", "text": "thinking to themselves, like most"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:49", "text": "training events, that a Russian attack"}, {"end": "00:03:54", "start": "00:03:51", "text": "was never going to really happen and"}, {"end": "00:03:55", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "they were wasting their time. But for"}, {"end": "00:03:58", "start": "00:03:54", "text": "the first time ever, the meme nothing"}, {"end": "00:04:01", "start": "00:03:55", "text": "ever happens was wrong. Because that's"}, {"end": "00:04:03", "start": "00:03:58", "text": "when US Colonel Lucas Van Antwerp got"}, {"end": "00:04:05", "start": "00:04:01", "text": "word from his higherups that there was"}, {"end": "00:04:07", "start": "00:04:03", "text": "solid intelligence Russia was going to"}, {"end": "00:04:09", "start": "00:04:05", "text": "actually invade. He was ordered to get"}, {"end": "00:04:11", "start": "00:04:07", "text": "American troops and officials out of the"}, {"end": "00:04:13", "start": "00:04:09", "text": "country fast to avoid direct contact"}, {"end": "00:04:16", "start": "00:04:11", "text": "with incoming Russian soldiers because"}, {"end": "00:04:18", "start": "00:04:13", "text": "that could lead to World War II. Colonel"}, {"end": "00:04:20", "start": "00:04:16", "text": "von Antworp was tasked with quickly"}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:18", "text": "racing to evacuate, closed the American"}, {"end": "00:04:23", "start": "00:04:20", "text": "embassy in the capital. They destroyed"}, {"end": "00:04:26", "start": "00:04:22", "text": "sensitive materials and blew up"}, {"end": "00:04:27", "start": "00:04:23", "text": "communication devices. They blew up"}, {"end": "00:04:30", "start": "00:04:26", "text": "computer servers to prevent them from"}, {"end": "00:04:32", "start": "00:04:27", "text": "falling into Russian troops' hands if"}, {"end": "00:04:35", "start": "00:04:30", "text": "Keev were to fall. It was a full-on"}, {"end": "00:04:37", "start": "00:04:32", "text": "smash room. This is exactly the kind of"}, {"end": "00:04:39", "start": "00:04:35", "text": "politically sensitive diplomatic mission"}, {"end": "00:04:41", "start": "00:04:37", "text": "that the 10th group was trained for. Two"}, {"end": "00:04:43", "start": "00:04:39", "text": "months later, another Western special"}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:41", "text": "operations mission took place on"}, {"end": "00:04:48", "start": "00:04:43", "text": "Ukrainian soil, the details of which"}, {"end": "00:04:51", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "were only just recently revealed last"}, {"end": "00:04:53", "start": "00:04:48", "text": "month. In April 2022, a convoy of"}, {"end": "00:04:55", "start": "00:04:51", "text": "unmarked military vehicles drove through"}, {"end": "00:04:58", "start": "00:04:53", "text": "the tight city streets of Kev. The"}, {"end": "00:05:00", "start": "00:04:55", "text": "convoy picked up two Ukrainian men who"}, {"end": "00:05:02", "start": "00:04:58", "text": "were in plain clothes and they looked"}, {"end": "00:05:05", "start": "00:05:00", "text": "unassuming, but behind that they were"}, {"end": "00:05:08", "start": "00:05:02", "text": "two of Ukraine's highest ranking top"}, {"end": "00:05:09", "start": "00:05:05", "text": "military generals. Heavily armed British"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:08", "text": "special forces wearing regular"}, {"end": "00:05:15", "start": "00:05:09", "text": "non-uniform clothing provided security"}, {"end": "00:05:18", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "for this convoy in Kev. That means that"}, {"end": "00:05:20", "start": "00:05:15", "text": "SAS commandos were only a few clicks"}, {"end": "00:05:23", "start": "00:05:18", "text": "away from where Russian positions were"}, {"end": "00:05:26", "start": "00:05:20", "text": "at the time. They drove 400 miles west"}, {"end": "00:05:28", "start": "00:05:23", "text": "to Poland across the border. Once there,"}, {"end": "00:05:31", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "these two Ukrainian generals jumped on a"}, {"end": "00:05:34", "start": "00:05:28", "text": "cargo plane and flew to US Army European"}, {"end": "00:05:37", "start": "00:05:31", "text": "Command in Germany. When they arrived,"}, {"end": "00:05:39", "start": "00:05:34", "text": "they met American CIA officers. They"}, {"end": "00:05:42", "start": "00:05:37", "text": "worked closely together to plan a"}, {"end": "00:05:44", "start": "00:05:39", "text": "campaign against Russian forces. The"}, {"end": "00:05:47", "start": "00:05:42", "text": "details and extent of this cooperation"}, {"end": "00:05:50", "start": "00:05:44", "text": "were not fully known until now because"}, {"end": "00:05:52", "start": "00:05:47", "text": "this mission was one of the most closely"}, {"end": "00:05:54", "start": "00:05:50", "text": "guarded secrets of the entire war in"}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:52", "text": "Ukraine. The top American general in"}, {"end": "00:05:59", "start": "00:05:54", "text": "charge of this black op was a man named"}, {"end": "00:06:02", "start": "00:05:57", "text": "General Donahghue. Donahghue was already"}, {"end": "00:06:04", "start": "00:05:59", "text": "a legend in the clandestine world. He"}, {"end": "00:06:06", "start": "00:06:02", "text": "fought alongside CIA hit teams in Iraq,"}, {"end": "00:06:08", "start": "00:06:04", "text": "Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria. This"}, {"end": "00:06:10", "start": "00:06:06", "text": "guy's the real life Jack Ryan or"}, {"end": "00:06:12", "start": "00:06:08", "text": "Reacher, whichever you're more into"}, {"end": "00:06:15", "start": "00:06:10", "text": "sexually. His job was to create a team"}, {"end": "00:06:17", "start": "00:06:12", "text": "cenamed Task Force Dragon. For the next"}, {"end": "00:06:19", "start": "00:06:15", "text": "3 years, this Task Force Dragon, their"}, {"end": "00:06:21", "start": "00:06:17", "text": "assignment was to guide Ukrainian"}, {"end": "00:06:24", "start": "00:06:19", "text": "missiles and artillery onto Russian"}, {"end": "00:06:26", "start": "00:06:21", "text": "targets. If that doesn't shock you, it"}, {"end": "00:06:28", "start": "00:06:24", "text": "should. Because officially and publicly,"}, {"end": "00:06:31", "start": "00:06:26", "text": "American intelligence aid was limited to"}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:28", "text": "not providing any information that could"}, {"end": "00:06:36", "start": "00:06:31", "text": "quote unquote reasonably lead to lethal"}, {"end": "00:06:38", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "consequences. US intelligence called the"}, {"end": "00:06:41", "start": "00:06:36", "text": "Russian locations points of interest"}, {"end": "00:06:43", "start": "00:06:38", "text": "instead of calling them targets so as to"}, {"end": "00:06:45", "start": "00:06:41", "text": "be less provocative. That's maybe the"}, {"end": "00:06:47", "start": "00:06:43", "text": "most classic Pentagon speak I've ever"}, {"end": "00:06:50", "start": "00:06:45", "text": "heard in my life. Sir, look at this"}, {"end": "00:06:52", "start": "00:06:47", "text": "fascinating point of interest that I"}, {"end": "00:06:54", "start": "00:06:50", "text": "found where where an entire Russian"}, {"end": "00:06:56", "start": "00:06:52", "text": "platoon is assembling in the open in"}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:54", "text": "that uh tree line over there. Would be a"}, {"end": "00:06:59", "start": "00:06:56", "text": "real shame if something happened to"}, {"end": "00:07:01", "start": "00:06:57", "text": "them, sir. The United States military's"}, {"end": "00:07:04", "start": "00:06:59", "text": "goal was to help Ukraine defend itself"}, {"end": "00:07:06", "start": "00:07:01", "text": "because they wanted to offset that major"}, {"end": "00:07:08", "start": "00:07:04", "text": "numerical advantage held by Russian"}, {"end": "00:07:11", "start": "00:07:06", "text": "troops. And there were numerous examples"}, {"end": "00:07:13", "start": "00:07:08", "text": "revealed by US officials just recently"}, {"end": "00:07:15", "start": "00:07:11", "text": "that spoke to the Times that American"}, {"end": "00:07:18", "start": "00:07:13", "text": "satellite networks identified Russian"}, {"end": "00:07:20", "start": "00:07:15", "text": "officers location, their hideout, and"}, {"end": "00:07:22", "start": "00:07:18", "text": "then Ukraine sent a missile blowing that"}, {"end": "00:07:24", "start": "00:07:20", "text": "target up. Sorry, I meant point of"}, {"end": "00:07:26", "start": "00:07:22", "text": "interest. Blowing that point of interest"}, {"end": "00:07:28", "start": "00:07:24", "text": "up. American commanders in Europe"}, {"end": "00:07:31", "start": "00:07:26", "text": "provided coordinates that were sent on a"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:28", "text": "secure computer network that even"}, {"end": "00:07:36", "start": "00:07:31", "text": "displayed what priority the points of"}, {"end": "00:07:38", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "interest were. It was like a government"}, {"end": "00:07:40", "start": "00:07:36", "text": "sanctioned hit list. General Donny who"}, {"end": "00:07:42", "start": "00:07:38", "text": "would reportedly say to his Ukrainian"}, {"end": "00:07:44", "start": "00:07:40", "text": "counterparts, \"Don't worry about how we"}, {"end": "00:07:47", "start": "00:07:42", "text": "found out. Just trust when you shoot it"}, {"end": "00:07:48", "start": "00:07:44", "text": "will hit and you'll like the results."}, {"end": "00:07:51", "start": "00:07:47", "text": "And if you don't like the results, tell"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:48", "text": "us. We'll make it better.\" End quote."}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:51", "text": "That's the kind of white glove service I"}, {"end": "00:07:58", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "would kill for. And they were killing"}, {"end": "00:08:01", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "for. The US intelligence was even on a"}, {"end": "00:08:04", "start": "00:07:58", "text": "small unit level where General Donnu"}, {"end": "00:08:06", "start": "00:08:01", "text": "would reportedly tell Ukrainian infantry"}, {"end": "00:08:08", "start": "00:08:04", "text": "units which houses they were empty in"}, {"end": "00:08:10", "start": "00:08:06", "text": "front of them that they were cleared to"}, {"end": "00:08:13", "start": "00:08:08", "text": "go up in advance to. It was basically"}, {"end": "00:08:15", "start": "00:08:10", "text": "the first war done remotely through"}, {"end": "00:08:17", "start": "00:08:13", "text": "Zoom. This would be the perfect place"}, {"end": "00:08:19", "start": "00:08:15", "text": "for a VPN advertisement. Don't want the"}, {"end": "00:08:22", "start": "00:08:17", "text": "Kremlin knowing you're sending targeting"}, {"end": "00:08:24", "start": "00:08:19", "text": "data to Ukraine? Use code cappy for 10%"}, {"end": "00:08:27", "start": "00:08:22", "text": "off your military grade VPN. But on the"}, {"end": "00:08:30", "start": "00:08:24", "text": "real, how were they getting such spicy"}, {"end": "00:08:32", "start": "00:08:27", "text": "intel? It's likely has something to do"}, {"end": "00:08:33", "start": "00:08:30", "text": "with the presence of Western special"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:32", "text": "forces that were on the ground in"}, {"end": "00:08:39", "start": "00:08:33", "text": "Ukraine. This is now undisputed common"}, {"end": "00:08:41", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "knowledge because of an April 2023 leak"}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:39", "text": "which showed that 14 US special forces"}, {"end": "00:08:46", "start": "00:08:41", "text": "were in Ukraine, which is about the size"}, {"end": "00:08:48", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "of one A team detachment. This was part"}, {"end": "00:08:50", "start": "00:08:46", "text": "of a wider intelligence leak done by a"}, {"end": "00:08:52", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "US Air National Guard soldier in a"}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:50", "text": "Discord channel. Look, if there's any"}, {"end": "00:08:55", "start": "00:08:52", "text": "Chinese or Russian Air National Guard"}, {"end": "00:08:57", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "troops that want to leak intelligence to"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:55", "text": "me, feel free to do it on our Discord"}, {"end": "00:09:01", "start": "00:08:57", "text": "server. But that airman was later"}, {"end": "00:09:03", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "sentenced to 15 years for leaking those"}, {"end": "00:09:05", "start": "00:09:01", "text": "documents. What the documents didn't"}, {"end": "00:09:08", "start": "00:09:03", "text": "confirm was the location of where those"}, {"end": "00:09:09", "start": "00:09:05", "text": "Green Berets were in Ukraine, although"}, {"end": "00:09:12", "start": "00:09:08", "text": "officials later claimed it was at the"}, {"end": "00:09:15", "start": "00:09:09", "text": "embassy in Kev. However, just in March"}, {"end": "00:09:17", "start": "00:09:12", "text": "2025, the Times revealed that for the"}, {"end": "00:09:19", "start": "00:09:15", "text": "past three years, the US government"}, {"end": "00:09:21", "start": "00:09:17", "text": "authorized numerous clandestine"}, {"end": "00:09:23", "start": "00:09:19", "text": "operations, including dispatching"}, {"end": "00:09:25", "start": "00:09:21", "text": "American military advisers with"}, {"end": "00:09:27", "start": "00:09:23", "text": "authorization to travel close to the"}, {"end": "00:09:29", "start": "00:09:25", "text": "front lines, which probably shouldn't"}, {"end": "00:09:32", "start": "00:09:27", "text": "surprise us because Chinese military"}, {"end": "00:09:34", "start": "00:09:29", "text": "advisers are reportedly also going near"}, {"end": "00:09:35", "start": "00:09:32", "text": "the front line, too. It's a big learning"}, {"end": "00:09:37", "start": "00:09:34", "text": "experience for everyone. It's a nice old"}, {"end": "00:09:40", "start": "00:09:35", "text": "field trip. Everyone's gooning right now"}, {"end": "00:09:43", "start": "00:09:37", "text": "in this proxy war being right on the"}, {"end": "00:09:45", "start": "00:09:40", "text": "absolute edge. We know Russian FSB has"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:43", "text": "been operating deep in Western Europe on"}, {"end": "00:09:50", "start": "00:09:45", "text": "sabotage missions. Doesn't really"}, {"end": "00:09:51", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "surprise me that both sides, which are"}, {"end": "00:09:54", "start": "00:09:50", "text": "nuclear powers, are using this kind of"}, {"end": "00:09:56", "start": "00:09:51", "text": "alternative third option that's easy for"}, {"end": "00:09:59", "start": "00:09:54", "text": "them for plausible deniability and to"}, {"end": "00:10:00", "start": "00:09:56", "text": "deny it even happened. The Russians"}, {"end": "00:10:04", "start": "00:09:59", "text": "intercepted and publicly released"}, {"end": "00:10:05", "start": "00:10:00", "text": "communications in 2024 between highlevel"}, {"end": "00:10:08", "start": "00:10:04", "text": "German government and military"}, {"end": "00:10:09", "start": "00:10:05", "text": "officials. In those recordings, they"}, {"end": "00:10:11", "start": "00:10:08", "text": "were talking about British special"}, {"end": "00:10:14", "start": "00:10:09", "text": "forces on the ground in Ukraine helping"}, {"end": "00:10:16", "start": "00:10:11", "text": "to operate storm shadow cruise missiles."}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:14", "text": "Everyone lost their when they heard"}, {"end": "00:10:20", "start": "00:10:16", "text": "about this. The UK prime minister at the"}, {"end": "00:10:22", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "time confirmed part of this story when"}, {"end": "00:10:24", "start": "00:10:20", "text": "he said that a small number of British"}, {"end": "00:10:26", "start": "00:10:22", "text": "army personnel supporting the armed"}, {"end": "00:10:28", "start": "00:10:24", "text": "forces of Ukraine were there, but that"}, {"end": "00:10:30", "start": "00:10:26", "text": "they didn't have any plans for a"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:28", "text": "large-scale deployment. And quote, he"}, {"end": "00:10:33", "start": "00:10:30", "text": "didn't go as far as to say that they"}, {"end": "00:10:35", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "were helping with missile strikes. The"}, {"end": "00:10:37", "start": "00:10:33", "text": "American intelligence leak showed that"}, {"end": "00:10:39", "start": "00:10:35", "text": "50 British commandos were on the ground"}, {"end": "00:10:42", "start": "00:10:37", "text": "in Ukraine, enough for a storm shadow"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:39", "text": "party. When I was in Kev, I heard rumors"}, {"end": "00:10:46", "start": "00:10:42", "text": "of British and French special forces"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "operating close to the front early in"}, {"end": "00:10:51", "start": "00:10:46", "text": "the war during the invasion. My fixer,"}, {"end": "00:10:53", "start": "00:10:49", "text": "my guide, told me a story of how he saw"}, {"end": "00:10:55", "start": "00:10:51", "text": "French soldiers advising defensive"}, {"end": "00:10:57", "start": "00:10:53", "text": "positions when the Russians were closing"}, {"end": "00:11:00", "start": "00:10:55", "text": "in on Keev. At the time, I thought it"}, {"end": "00:11:03", "start": "00:10:57", "text": "was just rumor, hearsay, he said, she"}, {"end": "00:11:04", "start": "00:11:00", "text": "said. But these new reports verify some"}, {"end": "00:11:06", "start": "00:11:03", "text": "of these details. I think that's part of"}, {"end": "00:11:08", "start": "00:11:04", "text": "the fascinating thing about clandestine"}, {"end": "00:11:10", "start": "00:11:06", "text": "missions in Europe and on this"}, {"end": "00:11:13", "start": "00:11:08", "text": "continent. Cuz unlike in the Middle"}, {"end": "00:11:14", "start": "00:11:10", "text": "East, the Pacific, or Africa, US"}, {"end": "00:11:17", "start": "00:11:13", "text": "soldiers who are stationed somewhere in"}, {"end": "00:11:19", "start": "00:11:14", "text": "Europe live a relatively familiar life"}, {"end": "00:11:21", "start": "00:11:17", "text": "in a city that probably isn't that"}, {"end": "00:11:23", "start": "00:11:19", "text": "different from the city they grew up and"}, {"end": "00:11:24", "start": "00:11:21", "text": "back home, except there's a lot more 80s"}, {"end": "00:11:26", "start": "00:11:23", "text": "music playing in the cafes, but other"}, {"end": "00:11:29", "start": "00:11:24", "text": "than that, it's not that exotic. The"}, {"end": "00:11:32", "start": "00:11:26", "text": "next US Black Opia officers recently"}, {"end": "00:11:35", "start": "00:11:29", "text": "disclosed the network of 12 bases that"}, {"end": "00:11:36", "start": "00:11:32", "text": "they built and funded in Ukraine. And"}, {"end": "00:11:39", "start": "00:11:35", "text": "I'm not going to bury the lead here,"}, {"end": "00:11:41", "start": "00:11:36", "text": "guys. This is absolutely as insane as it"}, {"end": "00:11:43", "start": "00:11:39", "text": "sounds and I was blown away when I read"}, {"end": "00:11:45", "start": "00:11:41", "text": "about it. These bases were equipped by"}, {"end": "00:11:48", "start": "00:11:43", "text": "the CIA and created close to the front"}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:45", "text": "lines. This way they could intercept"}, {"end": "00:11:52", "start": "00:11:48", "text": "Russian communications and monitor the"}, {"end": "00:11:54", "start": "00:11:50", "text": "spy satellites passing overhead. The"}, {"end": "00:11:56", "start": "00:11:52", "text": "story from earlier you remember about"}, {"end": "00:11:58", "start": "00:11:54", "text": "the targeting team in Europe, the Dragon"}, {"end": "00:12:01", "start": "00:11:56", "text": "targeting team. I think a lot of their"}, {"end": "00:12:02", "start": "00:11:58", "text": "information came from this network that"}, {"end": "00:12:05", "start": "00:12:01", "text": "we're going to talk about. They would"}, {"end": "00:12:07", "start": "00:12:02", "text": "send coordinates for missile strikes and"}, {"end": "00:12:09", "start": "00:12:05", "text": "track Russian troop movements from here."}, {"end": "00:12:10", "start": "00:12:07", "text": "These were located deep in the forest in"}, {"end": "00:12:13", "start": "00:12:09", "text": "the region of Donetsk and their"}, {"end": "00:12:14", "start": "00:12:10", "text": "entrances were hidden underground. In"}, {"end": "00:12:16", "start": "00:12:13", "text": "them, a whole team of Ukrainian"}, {"end": "00:12:19", "start": "00:12:14", "text": "intelligence soldiers worked away and"}, {"end": "00:12:22", "start": "00:12:16", "text": "they first were stood up in 2014 by the"}, {"end": "00:12:24", "start": "00:12:19", "text": "CIA right after Russia annexed Crimea."}, {"end": "00:12:26", "start": "00:12:22", "text": "They were designed to prevent future"}, {"end": "00:12:28", "start": "00:12:24", "text": "actions like that from taking place or"}, {"end": "00:12:31", "start": "00:12:26", "text": "at least to mitigate them. I know a lot"}, {"end": "00:12:33", "start": "00:12:28", "text": "of it sounds like tinfoil hat conspiracy"}, {"end": "00:12:35", "start": "00:12:31", "text": "plots, but it comes straight from the"}, {"end": "00:12:37", "start": "00:12:33", "text": "lips of the CIA officers themselves. I"}, {"end": "00:12:39", "start": "00:12:35", "text": "don't know why I said lips. It sounded"}, {"end": "00:12:41", "start": "00:12:37", "text": "like like I'm thinking about kissing the"}, {"end": "00:12:44", "start": "00:12:39", "text": "CIA. I'm not. This is information that"}, {"end": "00:12:46", "start": "00:12:41", "text": "they passed on publicly to the New York"}, {"end": "00:12:47", "start": "00:12:44", "text": "Times, which tells us that they likely"}, {"end": "00:12:49", "start": "00:12:46", "text": "wanted the Russians to know this"}, {"end": "00:12:51", "start": "00:12:47", "text": "information because they don't care if I"}, {"end": "00:12:53", "start": "00:12:49", "text": "know it. These outposts near the Russian"}, {"end": "00:12:56", "start": "00:12:51", "text": "border were used as staging areas for"}, {"end": "00:12:58", "start": "00:12:53", "text": "infiltration missions inside Russia by"}, {"end": "00:13:00", "start": "00:12:56", "text": "Ukraine. You remember how the embassy"}, {"end": "00:13:02", "start": "00:12:58", "text": "was evacuated by US special forces?"}, {"end": "00:13:04", "start": "00:13:00", "text": "Yeah. At that same time, the CIA"}, {"end": "00:13:07", "start": "00:13:02", "text": "officers were the only Americans"}, {"end": "00:13:09", "start": "00:13:04", "text": "authorized to stay on post at these"}, {"end": "00:13:12", "start": "00:13:07", "text": "remote bases while the Russian invasion"}, {"end": "00:13:14", "start": "00:13:09", "text": "took place. According to Ivon Bakenov,"}, {"end": "00:13:16", "start": "00:13:12", "text": "former head of the SBU. He said, quote,"}, {"end": "00:13:18", "start": "00:13:14", "text": "\"Without them, there would have been no"}, {"end": "00:13:21", "start": "00:13:16", "text": "way for us to resist the Russians or"}, {"end": "00:13:23", "start": "00:13:18", "text": "beat them.\" End quote. Starting in 2016,"}, {"end": "00:13:26", "start": "00:13:21", "text": "the CIA helped to train an elite team of"}, {"end": "00:13:28", "start": "00:13:23", "text": "Ukrainian commandos called Unit"}, {"end": "00:13:31", "start": "00:13:26", "text": "2245. The US government gave strict"}, {"end": "00:13:33", "start": "00:13:28", "text": "orders to not kill any Russians with"}, {"end": "00:13:35", "start": "00:13:31", "text": "their training. So, of course, the"}, {"end": "00:13:37", "start": "00:13:33", "text": "Ukrainians immediately started killing"}, {"end": "00:13:40", "start": "00:13:35", "text": "Russians with their training. They blew"}, {"end": "00:13:42", "start": "00:13:37", "text": "up Arson Pavlov. He was a soldier in the"}, {"end": "00:13:44", "start": "00:13:40", "text": "occupied Dongk region, an officer, and"}, {"end": "00:13:45", "start": "00:13:42", "text": "they killed him with a bomb. They used a"}, {"end": "00:13:47", "start": "00:13:44", "text": "remotec controlled unmanned"}, {"end": "00:13:49", "start": "00:13:45", "text": "shoulderfired rocket launcher to kill a"}, {"end": "00:13:51", "start": "00:13:47", "text": "Russianbacked commander in another"}, {"end": "00:13:54", "start": "00:13:49", "text": "occupied territory. We saw several"}, {"end": "00:13:56", "start": "00:13:51", "text": "assassinations inside Moscow for"}, {"end": "00:13:58", "start": "00:13:54", "text": "instance. And when the CIA heard about"}, {"end": "00:14:00", "start": "00:13:56", "text": "this, they bugged out because they were"}, {"end": "00:14:03", "start": "00:13:58", "text": "worried it would mean retaliation from"}, {"end": "00:14:04", "start": "00:14:00", "text": "Russia. This led to the Ukrainian leader"}, {"end": "00:14:07", "start": "00:14:03", "text": "of the unit being fired. And the"}, {"end": "00:14:10", "start": "00:14:04", "text": "Russians returned with a car bomb that"}, {"end": "00:14:13", "start": "00:14:07", "text": "killed the 2245's commander, Colonel"}, {"end": "00:14:15", "start": "00:14:10", "text": "Chapploff. killed him on his way to sea"}, {"end": "00:14:17", "start": "00:14:13", "text": "and meet with his CIA counterparts. If I"}, {"end": "00:14:18", "start": "00:14:15", "text": "put on my regular infantryman thinking"}, {"end": "00:14:20", "start": "00:14:17", "text": "cap, here's how I would break down the"}, {"end": "00:14:22", "start": "00:14:18", "text": "geopolitical situation that special"}, {"end": "00:14:24", "start": "00:14:20", "text": "forces are facing in Europe. After World"}, {"end": "00:14:26", "start": "00:14:22", "text": "War II, the US pumped Europe full of"}, {"end": "00:14:28", "start": "00:14:24", "text": "cash and security guarantees to rebuild"}, {"end": "00:14:30", "start": "00:14:26", "text": "it into a wall of friendly democracies."}, {"end": "00:14:32", "start": "00:14:28", "text": "During the Cold War, they kept their"}, {"end": "00:14:34", "start": "00:14:30", "text": "defense budgets up. But once the Soviet"}, {"end": "00:14:35", "start": "00:14:32", "text": "Union threat faded, a lot of them hit"}, {"end": "00:14:37", "start": "00:14:34", "text": "the brakes on spending. The main fear"}, {"end": "00:14:38", "start": "00:14:35", "text": "has always been the same, getting"}, {"end": "00:14:40", "start": "00:14:37", "text": "steamrolled from the east and handed to"}, {"end": "00:14:42", "start": "00:14:38", "text": "government that they didn't vote for."}, {"end": "00:14:44", "start": "00:14:40", "text": "That's why so many countries sprinted to"}, {"end": "00:14:46", "start": "00:14:42", "text": "join NATO in the 1990s. Nobody wanted to"}, {"end": "00:14:48", "start": "00:14:44", "text": "end up back under Moscow's boot. But"}, {"end": "00:14:50", "start": "00:14:46", "text": "from the Russians point of view, NATO"}, {"end": "00:14:52", "start": "00:14:48", "text": "creeping around closer and closer looked"}, {"end": "00:14:54", "start": "00:14:50", "text": "like a threat from their perspective. So"}, {"end": "00:14:56", "start": "00:14:52", "text": "they claim they're just pushing back."}, {"end": "00:14:58", "start": "00:14:54", "text": "And now here we are again on the edge"}, {"end": "00:15:00", "start": "00:14:56", "text": "watching tanks and borders like it's"}, {"end": "00:15:01", "start": "00:14:58", "text": "1985 all over again. So for the next"}, {"end": "00:15:04", "start": "00:15:00", "text": "story, let's go back to where it all"}, {"end": "00:15:06", "start": "00:15:01", "text": "started in the Cold War when the US and"}, {"end": "00:15:07", "start": "00:15:04", "text": "Soviet Union were waging a secret"}, {"end": "00:15:09", "start": "00:15:06", "text": "undercover war against one another"}, {"end": "00:15:12", "start": "00:15:07", "text": "around the world. This is a story of"}, {"end": "00:15:14", "start": "00:15:09", "text": "Operation Valuable, which was the CIA's"}, {"end": "00:15:18", "start": "00:15:12", "text": "first ever paramilitary operation that I"}, {"end": "00:15:19", "start": "00:15:14", "text": "know of in 1949, just 2 years after"}, {"end": "00:15:21", "start": "00:15:18", "text": "their creation. It took place in the"}, {"end": "00:15:23", "start": "00:15:19", "text": "small nation of Albania in southern"}, {"end": "00:15:25", "start": "00:15:21", "text": "Europe, which had suffered greatly under"}, {"end": "00:15:27", "start": "00:15:23", "text": "Nazi occupation in World War II and was"}, {"end": "00:15:30", "start": "00:15:25", "text": "now governed by a Sovietbacked Enver"}, {"end": "00:15:31", "start": "00:15:27", "text": "Hoa. Together with the British, MI6,"}, {"end": "00:15:34", "start": "00:15:30", "text": "Italian, and Greek intelligence"}, {"end": "00:15:35", "start": "00:15:31", "text": "services, the CIA planned to gather"}, {"end": "00:15:37", "start": "00:15:34", "text": "hundreds of Albanians that have been"}, {"end": "00:15:39", "start": "00:15:35", "text": "scattered across Europe during World War"}, {"end": "00:15:41", "start": "00:15:37", "text": "II, train them in guerrilla warfare"}, {"end": "00:15:44", "start": "00:15:39", "text": "techniques, and then infiltrate them"}, {"end": "00:15:46", "start": "00:15:41", "text": "into Albania to sew discord and build a"}, {"end": "00:15:49", "start": "00:15:44", "text": "popular resistance front against the"}, {"end": "00:15:50", "start": "00:15:46", "text": "dictator's rule. NATO was concerned the"}, {"end": "00:15:53", "start": "00:15:49", "text": "Soviets were secretly building a"}, {"end": "00:15:55", "start": "00:15:50", "text": "submarine base and that Albania could be"}, {"end": "00:15:57", "start": "00:15:53", "text": "used against NATO forces in the event of"}, {"end": "00:15:59", "start": "00:15:55", "text": "a full invasion of Europe. According to"}, {"end": "00:16:02", "start": "00:15:57", "text": "the Italian naval intelligence, the"}, {"end": "00:16:04", "start": "00:15:59", "text": "Albanian dictator was unpopular and the"}, {"end": "00:16:06", "start": "00:16:02", "text": "people were looking to rebel anyways. At"}, {"end": "00:16:08", "start": "00:16:04", "text": "a minimum, the operation aimed to create"}, {"end": "00:16:10", "start": "00:16:06", "text": "so much conflict within Albania that the"}, {"end": "00:16:12", "start": "00:16:08", "text": "Soviet construction there would be"}, {"end": "00:16:14", "start": "00:16:10", "text": "halted and they wouldn't be able to send"}, {"end": "00:16:16", "start": "00:16:12", "text": "aid to other communist groups in"}, {"end": "00:16:18", "start": "00:16:14", "text": "neighboring countries. But the grand"}, {"end": "00:16:20", "start": "00:16:16", "text": "prize was to overthrow the entire"}, {"end": "00:16:23", "start": "00:16:18", "text": "regime. The top secret operation created"}, {"end": "00:16:25", "start": "00:16:20", "text": "the template for some of the tinfoil hat"}, {"end": "00:16:26", "start": "00:16:23", "text": "government toppling that we recognize"}, {"end": "00:16:29", "start": "00:16:25", "text": "today. The first recruits for the"}, {"end": "00:16:31", "start": "00:16:26", "text": "operation started training in July 1949"}, {"end": "00:16:34", "start": "00:16:29", "text": "on the island of Malta. In the first set"}, {"end": "00:16:36", "start": "00:16:31", "text": "of nine, they landed on the Albanian"}, {"end": "00:16:38", "start": "00:16:34", "text": "coastline using a Greek fishing boat."}, {"end": "00:16:40", "start": "00:16:36", "text": "The group split into two teams and moved"}, {"end": "00:16:42", "start": "00:16:38", "text": "to link up with resistance groups near"}, {"end": "00:16:44", "start": "00:16:40", "text": "the city of Laura, but they didn't get"}, {"end": "00:16:46", "start": "00:16:42", "text": "very far before Albanian security forces"}, {"end": "00:16:47", "start": "00:16:44", "text": "discovered one of the teams. Three were"}, {"end": "00:16:49", "start": "00:16:46", "text": "killed in the gun battle and the fifth"}, {"end": "00:16:51", "start": "00:16:47", "text": "team member went a while abandoning the"}, {"end": "00:16:52", "start": "00:16:49", "text": "mission. The second team was more"}, {"end": "00:16:54", "start": "00:16:51", "text": "successful, completing their assignment"}, {"end": "00:16:56", "start": "00:16:52", "text": "and sneaking across the Greek border to"}, {"end": "00:16:59", "start": "00:16:54", "text": "safety. Despite this setback, the"}, {"end": "00:17:01", "start": "00:16:56", "text": "planners at the CIA and MI6 kept sending"}, {"end": "00:17:03", "start": "00:16:59", "text": "teams of trained insurgents for more"}, {"end": "00:17:05", "start": "00:17:01", "text": "than 2 years, often accompanied in"}, {"end": "00:17:08", "start": "00:17:03", "text": "person by commandos from the"}, {"end": "00:17:11", "start": "00:17:05", "text": "intelligence agencies. Over 7,500"}, {"end": "00:17:14", "start": "00:17:08", "text": "Albanian operatives and 2,500 US or"}, {"end": "00:17:16", "start": "00:17:11", "text": "British officers participated in"}, {"end": "00:17:18", "start": "00:17:14", "text": "Operation Valuable over the course of"}, {"end": "00:17:20", "start": "00:17:16", "text": "its 5-year lifespan. But most of these"}, {"end": "00:17:22", "start": "00:17:18", "text": "infiltrations failed before making it"}, {"end": "00:17:24", "start": "00:17:20", "text": "past their landing zone because"}, {"end": "00:17:27", "start": "00:17:22", "text": "government security forces intercepted"}, {"end": "00:17:28", "start": "00:17:24", "text": "the teams or they were turned into"}, {"end": "00:17:30", "start": "00:17:27", "text": "double agents within the resistance"}, {"end": "00:17:32", "start": "00:17:28", "text": "cells that they were supposed to meet."}, {"end": "00:17:35", "start": "00:17:30", "text": "The planners tried everything. Seaborn"}, {"end": "00:17:38", "start": "00:17:32", "text": "landings, parachute insertions, CIA"}, {"end": "00:17:40", "start": "00:17:35", "text": "piloted cargo planes, infiltration by"}, {"end": "00:17:42", "start": "00:17:38", "text": "land. Yet nothing seemed to get past the"}, {"end": "00:17:44", "start": "00:17:40", "text": "tight grip of the security forces. It"}, {"end": "00:17:46", "start": "00:17:42", "text": "seemed a little bit sus. Operation"}, {"end": "00:17:48", "start": "00:17:44", "text": "Valuable agents had a tough time finding"}, {"end": "00:17:50", "start": "00:17:46", "text": "anyone within the country willing to aid"}, {"end": "00:17:52", "start": "00:17:48", "text": "an insurgency against them. No revolt"}, {"end": "00:17:54", "start": "00:17:50", "text": "came to pass and the agents suffered"}, {"end": "00:17:56", "start": "00:17:52", "text": "heavy losses in shootouts or arrests"}, {"end": "00:18:01", "start": "00:17:54", "text": "with the security forces in the police"}, {"end": "00:18:03", "start": "00:17:56", "text": "in Albania. 300 CIA and MI6 were killed"}, {"end": "00:18:05", "start": "00:18:01", "text": "or captured over the course of this"}, {"end": "00:18:06", "start": "00:18:03", "text": "mission. As it turns out, one of the big"}, {"end": "00:18:09", "start": "00:18:05", "text": "reasons that the Albanian security"}, {"end": "00:18:10", "start": "00:18:06", "text": "forces were so suspiciously good at"}, {"end": "00:18:14", "start": "00:18:09", "text": "their job was they had help from the"}, {"end": "00:18:16", "start": "00:18:10", "text": "inside. MI6 liaison Kim Philby was a"}, {"end": "00:18:20", "start": "00:18:14", "text": "secret Soviet spy that was recruited by"}, {"end": "00:18:22", "start": "00:18:16", "text": "the KGB back in 1934. Philby is actually"}, {"end": "00:18:24", "start": "00:18:20", "text": "one of the most infamous Soviet spies of"}, {"end": "00:18:26", "start": "00:18:22", "text": "the entire Cold War. He used this"}, {"end": "00:18:29", "start": "00:18:24", "text": "position in Washington to pass along"}, {"end": "00:18:30", "start": "00:18:26", "text": "secret info from both the US and UK to"}, {"end": "00:18:34", "start": "00:18:29", "text": "the Soviets for decades and he wasn't"}, {"end": "00:18:36", "start": "00:18:30", "text": "uncovered until 1963. As for Operation"}, {"end": "00:18:38", "start": "00:18:34", "text": "Valuable, the infiltration teams were"}, {"end": "00:18:40", "start": "00:18:36", "text": "betrayed before ever getting foot in"}, {"end": "00:18:42", "start": "00:18:38", "text": "Albania thanks to this double agent. It"}, {"end": "00:18:44", "start": "00:18:40", "text": "ensured that the Albanian government was"}, {"end": "00:18:45", "start": "00:18:42", "text": "always a step ahead. While the operation"}, {"end": "00:18:47", "start": "00:18:44", "text": "failed in bringing down the fall of the"}, {"end": "00:18:49", "start": "00:18:45", "text": "communist government in Albania, CIA"}, {"end": "00:18:51", "start": "00:18:47", "text": "officers still managed to gather some"}, {"end": "00:18:53", "start": "00:18:49", "text": "intelligence from behind the Iron"}, {"end": "00:18:55", "start": "00:18:51", "text": "Curtain. While both the CIA as an"}, {"end": "00:18:57", "start": "00:18:53", "text": "institution and individual officers"}, {"end": "00:18:59", "start": "00:18:55", "text": "gained crucial experience that would"}, {"end": "00:19:02", "start": "00:18:57", "text": "lead to much more success throughout the"}, {"end": "00:19:04", "start": "00:18:59", "text": "Cold War later. But this next story is"}, {"end": "00:19:06", "start": "00:19:02", "text": "actually terrifying to think that it was"}, {"end": "00:19:08", "start": "00:19:04", "text": "given the go-ahead by several top"}, {"end": "00:19:11", "start": "00:19:06", "text": "military officers. I first learned about"}, {"end": "00:19:12", "start": "00:19:08", "text": "this story of Operation Greenlight from"}, {"end": "00:19:14", "start": "00:19:11", "text": "one of the hosts from the podcast"}, {"end": "00:19:16", "start": "00:19:12", "text": "Teamhouse, Jack Murphy, and his book We"}, {"end": "00:19:18", "start": "00:19:14", "text": "Defy. I got a lot of this research from"}, {"end": "00:19:21", "start": "00:19:16", "text": "that source, so I highly recommend you"}, {"end": "00:19:24", "start": "00:19:18", "text": "grab it online. Full credit to Jack. In"}, {"end": "00:19:27", "start": "00:19:21", "text": "1983, a US special forces team pulled up"}, {"end": "00:19:29", "start": "00:19:24", "text": "to an airfield in Pope Air Force Base,"}, {"end": "00:19:31", "start": "00:19:27", "text": "North Carolina. They were greeted by two"}, {"end": "00:19:33", "start": "00:19:29", "text": "men in black suits. They looked like"}, {"end": "00:19:36", "start": "00:19:31", "text": "feds who had no flags or identifying"}, {"end": "00:19:38", "start": "00:19:33", "text": "patches. They were fully redacted. It"}, {"end": "00:19:40", "start": "00:19:36", "text": "was some top secret spooky secret"}, {"end": "00:19:42", "start": "00:19:38", "text": "squirrel type shed. This is when things"}, {"end": "00:19:44", "start": "00:19:40", "text": "got weird though because three more"}, {"end": "00:19:46", "start": "00:19:42", "text": "trucks pulled up with a whole heavily"}, {"end": "00:19:48", "start": "00:19:44", "text": "armed security team carrying a special"}, {"end": "00:19:50", "start": "00:19:46", "text": "piece of equipment. The SF team"}, {"end": "00:19:52", "start": "00:19:48", "text": "recognized the device immediately. They"}, {"end": "00:19:54", "start": "00:19:50", "text": "knew it intimately. These guys had"}, {"end": "00:19:56", "start": "00:19:52", "text": "trained on it obsessively for months,"}, {"end": "00:20:00", "start": "00:19:54", "text": "knowing its details by heart. It was the"}, {"end": "00:20:04", "start": "00:19:56", "text": "60 lb special atomic demolition unit or"}, {"end": "00:20:06", "start": "00:20:00", "text": "a euphemism for a backpacksiz tactical"}, {"end": "00:20:10", "start": "00:20:04", "text": "nuclear device, the Satum. When"}, {"end": "00:20:11", "start": "00:20:06", "text": "detonated, it exploded a 02 kiloton,"}, {"end": "00:20:13", "start": "00:20:10", "text": "which is a much smaller explosive than"}, {"end": "00:20:15", "start": "00:20:11", "text": "other nuclear devices, but that's like"}, {"end": "00:20:17", "start": "00:20:13", "text": "saying it's only a little terribly"}, {"end": "00:20:19", "start": "00:20:15", "text": "powerful. The Green Berets noticed there"}, {"end": "00:20:21", "start": "00:20:17", "text": "was no inert sticker on it like the ones"}, {"end": "00:20:23", "start": "00:20:19", "text": "that they had trained on. It appeared to"}, {"end": "00:20:25", "start": "00:20:21", "text": "be a live nuclear weapon. There was no"}, {"end": "00:20:27", "start": "00:20:23", "text": "time to nope out of there. They were"}, {"end": "00:20:29", "start": "00:20:25", "text": "given orders by men in black suits to"}, {"end": "00:20:32", "start": "00:20:27", "text": "load up their parachutes and prepare to"}, {"end": "00:20:34", "start": "00:20:29", "text": "drop behind enemy lines. They got in a"}, {"end": "00:20:36", "start": "00:20:32", "text": "cargo plane with the nuke and took off."}, {"end": "00:20:38", "start": "00:20:34", "text": "Once airborne and 3 hours into their"}, {"end": "00:20:40", "start": "00:20:36", "text": "trip, they were given orders to blow up"}, {"end": "00:20:42", "start": "00:20:38", "text": "a strategic location, a piece of"}, {"end": "00:20:45", "start": "00:20:40", "text": "infrastructure in Cuba. Their target was"}, {"end": "00:20:47", "start": "00:20:42", "text": "a dam, one of the country's largest"}, {"end": "00:20:49", "start": "00:20:45", "text": "hydroelect electric dams in Cuba. The"}, {"end": "00:20:51", "start": "00:20:47", "text": "aircraft pulled off a combat maneuver"}, {"end": "00:20:53", "start": "00:20:49", "text": "flying 500 ft above the ground to avoid"}, {"end": "00:20:55", "start": "00:20:51", "text": "enemy radar. The team jumped out of the"}, {"end": "00:20:57", "start": "00:20:53", "text": "aircraft once they were near their"}, {"end": "00:20:59", "start": "00:20:55", "text": "target, I mean point of interest. And"}, {"end": "00:21:01", "start": "00:20:57", "text": "once they got there, they were strapped"}, {"end": "00:21:03", "start": "00:20:59", "text": "to a literal nuclear device. This means"}, {"end": "00:21:05", "start": "00:21:01", "text": "that one of the soldiers was falling"}, {"end": "00:21:07", "start": "00:21:03", "text": "towards the Earth at terminal velocity"}, {"end": "00:21:09", "start": "00:21:05", "text": "at one point with a nuke and only some"}, {"end": "00:21:10", "start": "00:21:07", "text": "strings and cloth parachuting,"}, {"end": "00:21:13", "start": "00:21:09", "text": "preventing the world's worst ever"}, {"end": "00:21:15", "start": "00:21:10", "text": "burn-in. Once they safely landed on the"}, {"end": "00:21:17", "start": "00:21:13", "text": "ground, they started to move toward the"}, {"end": "00:21:19", "start": "00:21:15", "text": "coordinates of their target dam. They"}, {"end": "00:21:21", "start": "00:21:17", "text": "set the timer, which was a preset for 60"}, {"end": "00:21:22", "start": "00:21:19", "text": "minutes. That's about how long you want"}, {"end": "00:21:25", "start": "00:21:21", "text": "to cook your nuke. However, they"}, {"end": "00:21:27", "start": "00:21:22", "text": "expected to remain with the bomb for as"}, {"end": "00:21:29", "start": "00:21:25", "text": "long as possible to make sure that they"}, {"end": "00:21:30", "start": "00:21:27", "text": "weren't discovered. No thank you. I'm"}, {"end": "00:21:32", "start": "00:21:29", "text": "not going down with the ship. None of"}, {"end": "00:21:34", "start": "00:21:30", "text": "this was made easier by the fact that"}, {"end": "00:21:36", "start": "00:21:32", "text": "the bomb's fuses weren't accurate"}, {"end": "00:21:39", "start": "00:21:34", "text": "because the creators of the bomb"}, {"end": "00:21:41", "start": "00:21:36", "text": "designed it in a rush to miniaturize the"}, {"end": "00:21:44", "start": "00:21:39", "text": "nuke. And this tech from the 1960s meant"}, {"end": "00:21:46", "start": "00:21:41", "text": "that the fuse could be off by several"}, {"end": "00:21:47", "start": "00:21:44", "text": "minutes. We're not microwaving a burrito"}, {"end": "00:21:50", "start": "00:21:46", "text": "here. We need more precision when it"}, {"end": "00:21:52", "start": "00:21:47", "text": "comes to nuclear weapons than few"}, {"end": "00:21:54", "start": "00:21:50", "text": "minutes give or take. The backpack nukes"}, {"end": "00:21:56", "start": "00:21:52", "text": "fuse was based on pure vibes. Before the"}, {"end": "00:21:58", "start": "00:21:54", "text": "team could worry about any of that"}, {"end": "00:22:00", "start": "00:21:56", "text": "though, that's when out of nowhere,"}, {"end": "00:22:01", "start": "00:21:58", "text": "headlights came out from these vehicles"}, {"end": "00:22:04", "start": "00:22:00", "text": "and an officer came out and started"}, {"end": "00:22:05", "start": "00:22:01", "text": "shouting, \"Endex, endex, endex.\" Which,"}, {"end": "00:22:07", "start": "00:22:04", "text": "if you've ever been on a training"}, {"end": "00:22:10", "start": "00:22:05", "text": "mission before, you know that means"}, {"end": "00:22:11", "start": "00:22:07", "text": "mission over. This notional event has"}, {"end": "00:22:14", "start": "00:22:10", "text": "ended. That's like the safe word in the"}, {"end": "00:22:15", "start": "00:22:11", "text": "military. Endex is how you just you stop"}, {"end": "00:22:17", "start": "00:22:14", "text": "playing around. It turns out the whole"}, {"end": "00:22:20", "start": "00:22:15", "text": "mission was taking place in America, New"}, {"end": "00:22:22", "start": "00:22:17", "text": "Mexico, not in Cuba. It's at that moment"}, {"end": "00:22:24", "start": "00:22:20", "text": "I would ask for 50% PTSD rating. This"}, {"end": "00:22:27", "start": "00:22:22", "text": "was a government sanctioned gaslight"}, {"end": "00:22:28", "start": "00:22:24", "text": "operation to fool these special forces"}, {"end": "00:22:31", "start": "00:22:27", "text": "operators into thinking it was a"}, {"end": "00:22:33", "start": "00:22:28", "text": "realworld event. A bunch of lab techs"}, {"end": "00:22:35", "start": "00:22:31", "text": "and officers came out and asked these"}, {"end": "00:22:37", "start": "00:22:33", "text": "troops a bunch of questions. This was"}, {"end": "00:22:41", "start": "00:22:35", "text": "Operation Greenlight, which was an"}, {"end": "00:22:43", "start": "00:22:37", "text": "actual US military plan from 1962 to"}, {"end": "00:22:47", "start": "00:22:41", "text": "1986. and many of their targets were in"}, {"end": "00:22:49", "start": "00:22:43", "text": "Europe behind Soviet lines. Steven Bush"}, {"end": "00:22:51", "start": "00:22:47", "text": "was part of the 10th group's green light"}, {"end": "00:22:53", "start": "00:22:49", "text": "team and he said that the dams were a"}, {"end": "00:22:56", "start": "00:22:51", "text": "big target for them that they plan to"}, {"end": "00:22:58", "start": "00:22:53", "text": "hit military industry capacity train"}, {"end": "00:23:00", "start": "00:22:56", "text": "yards and mountain passes and these"}, {"end": "00:23:02", "start": "00:22:58", "text": "targets that they chose tell us a lot"}, {"end": "00:23:04", "start": "00:23:00", "text": "and it was designed to slow down a"}, {"end": "00:23:06", "start": "00:23:02", "text": "Soviet assault. It's likely these"}, {"end": "00:23:08", "start": "00:23:04", "text": "questions from the suits that they were"}, {"end": "00:23:10", "start": "00:23:06", "text": "asking, they were trying to gauge if the"}, {"end": "00:23:12", "start": "00:23:08", "text": "10th group soldiers were actually had"}, {"end": "00:23:14", "start": "00:23:10", "text": "the discipline to go through with these"}, {"end": "00:23:16", "start": "00:23:12", "text": "orders. There was a lot of questions"}, {"end": "00:23:19", "start": "00:23:14", "text": "about whether or not when push came to"}, {"end": "00:23:22", "start": "00:23:16", "text": "shove, if troops would actually arm the"}, {"end": "00:23:24", "start": "00:23:19", "text": "device and take it off given its"}, {"end": "00:23:26", "start": "00:23:22", "text": "consequences. NATO forces consider"}, {"end": "00:23:28", "start": "00:23:24", "text": "themselves to be so numerically"}, {"end": "00:23:30", "start": "00:23:26", "text": "overpowered in the region that their"}, {"end": "00:23:33", "start": "00:23:28", "text": "plan was to go full Fallout 4. or on the"}, {"end": "00:23:35", "start": "00:23:30", "text": "fold the gap. The US military created"}, {"end": "00:23:37", "start": "00:23:33", "text": "300 of these nuke backpacks to be used"}, {"end": "00:23:39", "start": "00:23:35", "text": "throughout the world. And the part"}, {"end": "00:23:41", "start": "00:23:37", "text": "that's really wild to me is that their"}, {"end": "00:23:43", "start": "00:23:39", "text": "plans, a lot of them didn't even have an"}, {"end": "00:23:46", "start": "00:23:41", "text": "exfiltration part to it. And that wasn't"}, {"end": "00:23:47", "start": "00:23:43", "text": "even out of being lazy. What it meant"}, {"end": "00:23:49", "start": "00:23:46", "text": "was that it was assumed to be a one-way"}, {"end": "00:23:51", "start": "00:23:47", "text": "trip. Probably when I was a private in"}, {"end": "00:23:52", "start": "00:23:49", "text": "the army, sometimes I felt expendable,"}, {"end": "00:23:55", "start": "00:23:51", "text": "but I thought Green Berets weren't"}, {"end": "00:23:57", "start": "00:23:52", "text": "tossed aside like that. To add to the"}, {"end": "00:23:58", "start": "00:23:55", "text": "trauma response, these assignments were"}, {"end": "00:24:00", "start": "00:23:57", "text": "kept secret for decades, and the guys"}, {"end": "00:24:02", "start": "00:23:58", "text": "weren't even allowed to tell their"}, {"end": "00:24:05", "start": "00:24:00", "text": "families and their wives about what"}, {"end": "00:24:06", "start": "00:24:02", "text": "their job was. Thankfully, these weapons"}, {"end": "00:24:08", "start": "00:24:05", "text": "were never used, and some of the Green"}, {"end": "00:24:10", "start": "00:24:06", "text": "Berets that were interviewed on it"}, {"end": "00:24:12", "start": "00:24:08", "text": "thought that it was just a psychological"}, {"end": "00:24:14", "start": "00:24:10", "text": "operation to scare the Soviets, and the"}, {"end": "00:24:16", "start": "00:24:12", "text": "US military never seriously considered"}, {"end": "00:24:17", "start": "00:24:14", "text": "using this tactic. But now that we've"}, {"end": "00:24:19", "start": "00:24:16", "text": "been all the way down the rabbit hole,"}, {"end": "00:24:21", "start": "00:24:17", "text": "let's do the one that you've all been"}, {"end": "00:24:23", "start": "00:24:19", "text": "waiting for, Operation Gladadio. This"}, {"end": "00:24:25", "start": "00:24:21", "text": "one has the most controversy and"}, {"end": "00:24:27", "start": "00:24:23", "text": "conspiracy theories surrounding it."}, {"end": "00:24:30", "start": "00:24:25", "text": "Operation Gladadio was a top secret"}, {"end": "00:24:33", "start": "00:24:27", "text": "strategy developed by European countries"}, {"end": "00:24:35", "start": "00:24:30", "text": "with the United States CIA and NATO"}, {"end": "00:24:38", "start": "00:24:33", "text": "allies during the 1940s and through the"}, {"end": "00:24:41", "start": "00:24:35", "text": "Cold War. These were the staybehind"}, {"end": "00:24:43", "start": "00:24:38", "text": "forces. Staybehind forces were covert"}, {"end": "00:24:45", "start": "00:24:41", "text": "operators who lived seemingly normal"}, {"end": "00:24:47", "start": "00:24:43", "text": "lives in key strategic regions. But if"}, {"end": "00:24:50", "start": "00:24:45", "text": "war broke out and friendly forces were"}, {"end": "00:24:52", "start": "00:24:47", "text": "overrun, these sleeper cells would"}, {"end": "00:24:53", "start": "00:24:50", "text": "activate and spring into action,"}, {"end": "00:24:56", "start": "00:24:52", "text": "grabbing bombs and weapons from"}, {"end": "00:24:58", "start": "00:24:53", "text": "pre-planned caches stashed around"}, {"end": "00:25:00", "start": "00:24:56", "text": "Europe. It only became public knowledge"}, {"end": "00:25:02", "start": "00:24:58", "text": "in 1990 when the Italian prime minister"}, {"end": "00:25:05", "start": "00:25:00", "text": "officially acknowledged that there was a"}, {"end": "00:25:07", "start": "00:25:02", "text": "secret staybehind force that was cenamed"}, {"end": "00:25:09", "start": "00:25:05", "text": "Gladadio in Italy. This then sparked"}, {"end": "00:25:11", "start": "00:25:07", "text": "investigations in France, Germany,"}, {"end": "00:25:13", "start": "00:25:09", "text": "Belgium, and many other European"}, {"end": "00:25:15", "start": "00:25:11", "text": "countries that revealed similar"}, {"end": "00:25:16", "start": "00:25:13", "text": "staybehind networks. Different NATO"}, {"end": "00:25:19", "start": "00:25:15", "text": "countries had their own teams and"}, {"end": "00:25:20", "start": "00:25:16", "text": "Operation Gladadio was originally just"}, {"end": "00:25:22", "start": "00:25:19", "text": "the code name for the Italian"}, {"end": "00:25:24", "start": "00:25:20", "text": "contingent, but that name stuck and"}, {"end": "00:25:26", "start": "00:25:22", "text": "Gladadio now refers to the whole"}, {"end": "00:25:28", "start": "00:25:24", "text": "network. Basically, these disclosures"}, {"end": "00:25:31", "start": "00:25:26", "text": "fueled these wild theories over whether"}, {"end": "00:25:33", "start": "00:25:28", "text": "these secret units had interfered in"}, {"end": "00:25:36", "start": "00:25:31", "text": "domestic politics or if they were"}, {"end": "00:25:38", "start": "00:25:33", "text": "involved in false flag operations. US"}, {"end": "00:25:40", "start": "00:25:36", "text": "Army Field Manual"}, {"end": "00:25:43", "start": "00:25:38", "text": "30-31B is one of the main pieces of"}, {"end": "00:25:45", "start": "00:25:40", "text": "evidence provided for this. The document"}, {"end": "00:25:48", "start": "00:25:43", "text": "was leaked to a Turkish newspaper in"}, {"end": "00:25:50", "start": "00:25:45", "text": "1975. Originally, it outlines a strategy"}, {"end": "00:25:52", "start": "00:25:48", "text": "of conducting attacks that would then be"}, {"end": "00:25:54", "start": "00:25:50", "text": "blamed on left-wing Soviet aligned"}, {"end": "00:25:56", "start": "00:25:52", "text": "groups to then justify government"}, {"end": "00:25:59", "start": "00:25:54", "text": "crackdowns against them. The US"}, {"end": "00:26:01", "start": "00:25:56", "text": "government said that this document was a"}, {"end": "00:26:04", "start": "00:25:59", "text": "hoax that had been contrived and created"}, {"end": "00:26:06", "start": "00:26:01", "text": "by the Soviet intelligence agencies and"}, {"end": "00:26:09", "start": "00:26:04", "text": "leaked to Turkey. During the Cold War,"}, {"end": "00:26:12", "start": "00:26:06", "text": "these kind of staybehind networks were"}, {"end": "00:26:13", "start": "00:26:09", "text": "seen by the public as resistance groups."}, {"end": "00:26:17", "start": "00:26:12", "text": "against the threat of the Soviet"}, {"end": "00:26:18", "start": "00:26:13", "text": "invasion. But absent that threat, after"}, {"end": "00:26:20", "start": "00:26:17", "text": "the Cold War, it was seen as an"}, {"end": "00:26:22", "start": "00:26:18", "text": "overreach from intelligence agencies"}, {"end": "00:26:24", "start": "00:26:20", "text": "that had gone a"}, {"end": "00:26:26", "start": "00:26:22", "text": "mock. None of these claims have been"}, {"end": "00:26:27", "start": "00:26:24", "text": "definitively proven, as far as I know."}, {"end": "00:26:29", "start": "00:26:26", "text": "Although, from what I could tell, it"}, {"end": "00:26:31", "start": "00:26:27", "text": "seems like there certainly were criminal"}, {"end": "00:26:34", "start": "00:26:29", "text": "organizations at the very least that"}, {"end": "00:26:36", "start": "00:26:31", "text": "found and used some of these old NATO"}, {"end": "00:26:39", "start": "00:26:34", "text": "caches for their own nefarious purposes."}, {"end": "00:26:41", "start": "00:26:36", "text": "Since the 1990s, hundreds of these"}, {"end": "00:26:42", "start": "00:26:39", "text": "weapon caches with explosive and"}, {"end": "00:26:44", "start": "00:26:41", "text": "firearms have been discovered and"}, {"end": "00:26:47", "start": "00:26:42", "text": "dismantled around Europe. On one hand,"}, {"end": "00:26:49", "start": "00:26:44", "text": "Operation Gladadio was a cold war era"}, {"end": "00:26:51", "start": "00:26:47", "text": "insurance policy against the Soviet"}, {"end": "00:26:53", "start": "00:26:49", "text": "Union. On the other hand, it serves as a"}, {"end": "00:26:56", "start": "00:26:51", "text": "case study in how secrecy can erode"}, {"end": "00:26:58", "start": "00:26:53", "text": "public trust. To this day, the full"}, {"end": "00:27:01", "start": "00:26:56", "text": "extent of Gladadio's activities remains"}, {"end": "00:27:03", "start": "00:26:58", "text": "shrouded in mystery. I can only imagine"}, {"end": "00:27:05", "start": "00:27:01", "text": "what we'll find out about how Russians"}, {"end": "00:27:07", "start": "00:27:03", "text": "and Western countries, what their"}, {"end": "00:27:09", "start": "00:27:05", "text": "intelligence agencies were doing 20"}, {"end": "00:27:11", "start": "00:27:07", "text": "years from now when we have access to"}, {"end": "00:27:12", "start": "00:27:09", "text": "the archives. Maybe those are just"}, {"end": "00:27:14", "start": "00:27:11", "text": "really I feel like scratching the"}, {"end": "00:27:16", "start": "00:27:12", "text": "surface of Black Ops in Europe. If you"}, {"end": "00:27:18", "start": "00:27:14", "text": "want us to do another on this, if you"}, {"end": "00:27:20", "start": "00:27:16", "text": "like this format, hit the like button"}, {"end": "00:27:22", "start": "00:27:18", "text": "and subscribe to let us know and we'll"}, {"end": "00:27:24", "start": "00:27:20", "text": "do more of these in the future. For more"}, {"end": "00:27:26", "start": "00:27:22", "text": "content, you can go to cappyarmmy.com"}, {"end": "00:27:29", "start": "00:27:24", "text": "where you can find our Patreon there to"}, {"end": "00:27:31", "start": "00:27:26", "text": "support true independent journalism or"}, {"end": "00:27:34", "start": "00:27:29", "text": "sign up for our pepper box to get my"}, {"end": "00:27:36", "start": "00:27:31", "text": "exclusive weekly combat footage analysis"}, {"end": "00:27:39", "start": "00:27:34", "text": "show that's completely uncensored. I'm"}, {"end": "00:27:41", "start": "00:27:36", "text": "your everyday infantryman, Chris Cappy."}, {"end": "00:27:44", "start": "00:27:39", "text": "Thank you guys so much for watching."}, {"end": "00:27:44", "start": "00:27:41", "text": "Ending this transmission"}]

[{"end": "00:00:06", "start": "00:00:01", "text": "Out of all the USO cases that you went"}, {"end": "00:00:08", "start": "00:00:04", "text": "over, which one was it? Were there any"}, {"end": "00:00:10", "start": "00:00:06", "text": "that stuck out to you or that one? Many"}, {"end": "00:00:13", "start": "00:00:08", "text": "really quite a few that I think are just"}, {"end": "00:00:14", "start": "00:00:10", "text": "amazing. What? I can I can throw out a"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:13", "text": "couple for you. Throw a couple. Also, I"}, {"end": "00:00:18", "start": "00:00:14", "text": "I do want to I I want to know more about"}, {"end": "00:00:20", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "that 1717 case. Yeah, I'll tell you that"}, {"end": "00:00:21", "start": "00:00:18", "text": "right now. That's right off the coast of"}, {"end": "00:00:23", "start": "00:00:20", "text": "Martineique. That's in the Caribbean."}, {"end": "00:00:25", "start": "00:00:21", "text": "Okay. So, it's not that far from where"}, {"end": "00:00:28", "start": "00:00:23", "text": "we are here. We're in Florida. Uh the"}, {"end": "00:00:32", "start": "00:00:25", "text": "name of the captain, I cannot recall his"}, {"end": "00:00:36", "start": "00:00:28", "text": "name. Chevalier something. Uh he wrote"}, {"end": "00:00:39", "start": "00:00:32", "text": "in his log. This is so there this is at"}, {"end": "00:00:41", "start": "00:00:36", "text": "um it's after midnight so it's dark. Uh"}, {"end": "00:00:42", "start": "00:00:39", "text": "there was I I looked into this. There"}, {"end": "00:00:45", "start": "00:00:41", "text": "was like a half moon out. So there was"}, {"end": "00:00:49", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "some light that was available and what"}, {"end": "00:00:52", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "he claimed to have seen"}, {"end": "00:00:54", "start": "00:00:49", "text": "uh was a a vertical orientation like a"}, {"end": "00:00:58", "start": "00:00:52", "text": "like a rod. He said was like a a mast of"}, {"end": "00:00:59", "start": "00:00:54", "text": "a ship. So like you I envision like a a"}, {"end": "00:01:02", "start": "00:00:58", "text": "straight"}, {"end": "00:01:06", "start": "00:00:59", "text": "perpendicular rod of some sort but above"}, {"end": "00:01:09", "start": "00:01:02", "text": "the water uh moving along with his"}, {"end": "00:01:11", "start": "00:01:06", "text": "ship. It's not the best case but it it's"}, {"end": "00:01:12", "start": "00:01:09", "text": "not the worst. Like it's it was I"}, {"end": "00:01:15", "start": "00:01:11", "text": "decided to include it"}, {"end": "00:01:19", "start": "00:01:12", "text": "because he wrote in a very matterof fact"}, {"end": "00:01:21", "start": "00:01:15", "text": "way. It was like 177. 1717. Wow. Yeah."}, {"end": "00:01:24", "start": "00:01:19", "text": "This is way before submarines obviously."}, {"end": "00:01:26", "start": "00:01:21", "text": "Uh absolutely. and uh the 18th century"}, {"end": "00:01:27", "start": "00:01:24", "text": "which that is part of there. I don't"}, {"end": "00:01:29", "start": "00:01:26", "text": "there's not many that I have found."}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:27", "text": "There's an interesting one off the coast"}, {"end": "00:01:34", "start": "00:01:29", "text": "of southern France, I think from 1740."}, {"end": "00:01:36", "start": "00:01:32", "text": "That's kind of interesting. And then"}, {"end": "00:01:41", "start": "00:01:34", "text": "there's one from a river, a little small"}, {"end": "00:01:43", "start": "00:01:36", "text": "river in Scotland in 17 uh 67."}, {"end": "00:01:45", "start": "00:01:41", "text": "And I think that might be it for the 18"}, {"end": "00:01:47", "start": "00:01:43", "text": "only like a couple of cases. It really"}, {"end": "00:01:50", "start": "00:01:45", "text": "starts going. The first really good one"}, {"end": "00:01:52", "start": "00:01:47", "text": "that I just was kind of really taken by"}, {"end": "00:01:55", "start": "00:01:50", "text": "took place in"}, {"end": "00:02:00", "start": "00:01:52", "text": "1825. And this was on a British"}, {"end": "00:02:04", "start": "00:01:55", "text": "vessel where they had just returned from"}, {"end": "00:02:05", "start": "00:02:00", "text": "Hawaii. In fact, uh well, there's a"}, {"end": "00:02:06", "start": "00:02:04", "text": "there's a lot of interesting stories"}, {"end": "00:02:08", "start": "00:02:05", "text": "going on here, but they were coming back"}, {"end": "00:02:10", "start": "00:02:06", "text": "from Hawaii and they were going down the"}, {"end": "00:02:15", "start": "00:02:08", "text": "Pacific uh and they were going to end up"}, {"end": "00:02:18", "start": "00:02:10", "text": "in Chile. Okay. So, they were down by uh"}, {"end": "00:02:19", "start": "00:02:15", "text": "the Cook Islands. So, it's like way down"}, {"end": "00:02:22", "start": "00:02:18", "text": "in the south part of this Pacific, the"}, {"end": "00:02:25", "start": "00:02:19", "text": "Pacific Ocean. and it's 3:30 in the"}, {"end": "00:02:27", "start": "00:02:22", "text": "morning. The ships uh there was a"}, {"end": "00:02:29", "start": "00:02:25", "text": "naturalist aboard the ship. I think of"}, {"end": "00:02:31", "start": "00:02:27", "text": "like in the movie Master and Commander."}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:29", "text": "They, you know, the buddy of uh Russell"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:31", "text": "Crowe, the captain was this naturalist"}, {"end": "00:02:37", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "uh that they had aboard the ship and"}, {"end": "00:02:39", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "it's around the same time period. So,"}, {"end": "00:02:42", "start": "00:02:37", "text": "I'm thinking something like that. He"}, {"end": "00:02:44", "start": "00:02:39", "text": "writes in his log, his 1825, his name"}, {"end": "00:02:47", "start": "00:02:42", "text": "was Andrew Bloxom. We've got his name."}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:44", "text": "His his um book is published. You can"}, {"end": "00:02:52", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "find the PDF online. I have a link to it"}, {"end": "00:02:56", "start": "00:02:49", "text": "from my book. And he said, \"Yeah, 3:30"}, {"end": "00:03:00", "start": "00:02:52", "text": "the uh the watch on the ship reported a"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:56", "text": "spherical object emerging from the"}, {"end": "00:03:05", "start": "00:03:00", "text": "ocean.\" He said it was like uh it looked"}, {"end": "00:03:08", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "like a red cannon shot coming out of the"}, {"end": "00:03:10", "start": "00:03:05", "text": "water. So, it was like a deep orange"}, {"end": "00:03:12", "start": "00:03:08", "text": "type of a color, but incredibly bright."}, {"end": "00:03:14", "start": "00:03:10", "text": "He said it was so bright and he"}, {"end": "00:03:17", "start": "00:03:12", "text": "literally said you could pick a pin off"}, {"end": "00:03:20", "start": "00:03:14", "text": "the deck. It lifted up uh to a certain"}, {"end": "00:03:23", "start": "00:03:17", "text": "elevation and then went back down into"}, {"end": "00:03:26", "start": "00:03:20", "text": "the water and then came up a second time"}, {"end": "00:03:29", "start": "00:03:23", "text": "and then went back into the water."}, {"end": "00:03:31", "start": "00:03:26", "text": "Now, you know, how many naturalistic"}, {"end": "00:03:33", "start": "00:03:29", "text": "explanations can you think of that can"}, {"end": "00:03:36", "start": "00:03:31", "text": "account for this? I can't think of any."}, {"end": "00:03:38", "start": "00:03:33", "text": "And Bloxom writes this in a very"}, {"end": "00:03:40", "start": "00:03:36", "text": "straightforward way. I mean, you read"}, {"end": "00:03:44", "start": "00:03:38", "text": "the rest of his diaries. I've read some"}, {"end": "00:03:48", "start": "00:03:40", "text": "of it. I mean, he was clearly a very uh"}, {"end": "00:03:50", "start": "00:03:44", "text": "meticulous, very rational man and uh"}, {"end": "00:03:53", "start": "00:03:48", "text": "very intelligent guy. And this just this"}, {"end": "00:03:56", "start": "00:03:50", "text": "one bizarre entry in his in his journal"}, {"end": "00:03:57", "start": "00:03:53", "text": "from August 12th, 1825."}, {"end": "00:04:00", "start": "00:03:56", "text": "That's a heck of a case. And I thought"}, {"end": "00:04:02", "start": "00:03:57", "text": "that's like the first really really cool"}, {"end": "00:04:05", "start": "00:04:00", "text": "case. Do you remember how close or how"}, {"end": "00:04:07", "start": "00:04:02", "text": "far they were from land?"}, {"end": "00:04:09", "start": "00:04:05", "text": "They were off the Cook Islands. So those"}, {"end": "00:04:10", "start": "00:04:07", "text": "are I don't know how close they were to"}, {"end": "00:04:12", "start": "00:04:09", "text": "that. They were I I don't think they"}, {"end": "00:04:14", "start": "00:04:10", "text": "were close to land. I think they were"}, {"end": "00:04:17", "start": "00:04:12", "text": "out there out in the ocean. I don't know"}, {"end": "00:04:18", "start": "00:04:14", "text": "exactly. So, he said, you know, and"}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:17", "text": "there's some other good ones from the"}, {"end": "00:04:25", "start": "00:04:18", "text": "19. There's one from uh is he What's"}, {"end": "00:04:28", "start": "00:04:22", "text": "that there? I I found the story block"}, {"end": "00:04:30", "start": "00:04:25", "text": "Sam with a with an X. Where is it? I"}, {"end": "00:04:32", "start": "00:04:28", "text": "just found it. Oh, you got it. Yeah."}, {"end": "00:04:35", "start": "00:04:30", "text": "Well, this is the story."}, {"end": "00:04:38", "start": "00:04:32", "text": "Good. Good deal. Yeah. Any What does it"}, {"end": "00:04:39", "start": "00:04:35", "text": "got? Got illustrations or what?"}, {"end": "00:04:42", "start": "00:04:38", "text": "Yeah, I think this is the illustration"}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:39", "text": "of that event. Oh. Or at least it's"}, {"end": "00:04:48", "start": "00:04:42", "text": "included with the story. Oh, okay. Looks"}, {"end": "00:04:50", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "like an iceberg behind it, right? Yeah."}, {"end": "00:04:51", "start": "00:04:48", "text": "That they weren't by icebergs. Yeah."}, {"end": "00:04:52", "start": "00:04:50", "text": "Cook Islands. There wouldn't have been"}, {"end": "00:04:55", "start": "00:04:51", "text": "icebergs."}, {"end": "00:04:57", "start": "00:04:52", "text": "No, but that's the name. Andrew Bloxom"}, {"end": "00:04:59", "start": "00:04:55", "text": "right there. Interesting."}, {"end": "00:05:02", "start": "00:04:57", "text": "Yeah. The HMS Blonde. Correct. That's"}, {"end": "00:05:06", "start": "00:04:59", "text": "the ship. And what year again? 18 25."}, {"end": "00:05:09", "start": "00:05:02", "text": "25. Yeah. Wow. And what was the size of"}, {"end": "00:05:11", "start": "00:05:06", "text": "the thing? Did they do I He you know I"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:09", "text": "don't think he was a direct witness. I"}, {"end": "00:05:15", "start": "00:05:11", "text": "think he was reporting what the night"}, {"end": "00:05:17", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "watch reported. So there's that. So he's"}, {"end": "00:05:19", "start": "00:05:15", "text": "not a direct witness. So okay, you can"}, {"end": "00:05:21", "start": "00:05:17", "text": "take that away from him. Okay. But they"}, {"end": "00:05:22", "start": "00:05:19", "text": "um"}, {"end": "00:05:24", "start": "00:05:21", "text": "I don't know if they had a really good"}, {"end": "00:05:26", "start": "00:05:22", "text": "size estimate. I I get the impression it"}, {"end": "00:05:27", "start": "00:05:24", "text": "was kind of large. I mean it was"}, {"end": "00:05:30", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "noticeable. It was very bright. Lit up"}, {"end": "00:05:34", "start": "00:05:27", "text": "the deck of the ship, by the way. So"}, {"end": "00:05:36", "start": "00:05:30", "text": "fast forward about 150 years to"}, {"end": "00:05:38", "start": "00:05:34", "text": "1971. Okay."}, {"end": "00:05:41", "start": "00:05:36", "text": "This is going into my next"}, {"end": "00:05:43", "start": "00:05:38", "text": "volume. And"}, {"end": "00:05:47", "start": "00:05:41", "text": "uh the USS John F. Kennedy aircraft"}, {"end": "00:05:50", "start": "00:05:43", "text": "carrier. So is near Puerto Rico. Just"}, {"end": "00:05:53", "start": "00:05:47", "text": "saying. Uh they had just they were uh"}, {"end": "00:05:54", "start": "00:05:50", "text": "just finished what were called carquals,"}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:53", "text": "carrier qualifications. So they had done"}, {"end": "00:05:59", "start": "00:05:54", "text": "this is a very involved series of uh"}, {"end": "00:06:02", "start": "00:05:57", "text": "exercises and they had just completed"}, {"end": "00:06:05", "start": "00:05:59", "text": "that. It's 8:30 July 2nd,"}, {"end": "00:06:07", "start": "00:06:02", "text": "1971. and the man operating"}, {"end": "00:06:09", "start": "00:06:05", "text": "communications. And we have his name. He"}, {"end": "00:06:12", "start": "00:06:07", "text": "he in fact uh reported this to Steven"}, {"end": "00:06:14", "start": "00:06:09", "text": "Greer 25 years ago and it's rep it's in"}, {"end": "00:06:17", "start": "00:06:12", "text": "Greer's book disclosure which he wrote"}, {"end": "00:06:20", "start": "00:06:14", "text": "back then and he his name is James Cop"}, {"end": "00:06:21", "start": "00:06:17", "text": "with a K. And he also reported this to a"}, {"end": "00:06:26", "start": "00:06:20", "text": "couple of other"}, {"end": "00:06:29", "start": "00:06:21", "text": "um websites uh at the time. So he's"}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:26", "text": "operating communications on the J the"}, {"end": "00:06:35", "start": "00:06:29", "text": "JFK carrier. Mhm. 8:30 at night"}, {"end": "00:06:38", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "and he"}, {"end": "00:06:40", "start": "00:06:35", "text": "says suddenly all of the communication"}, {"end": "00:06:41", "start": "00:06:38", "text": "he he discussed the the way the"}, {"end": "00:06:43", "start": "00:06:40", "text": "communications on the ship were. He said"}, {"end": "00:06:45", "start": "00:06:41", "text": "incoming and outgoing. He said suddenly"}, {"end": "00:06:47", "start": "00:06:43", "text": "everything was just gibberish."}, {"end": "00:06:49", "start": "00:06:45", "text": "Everything coming in was just garbled"}, {"end": "00:06:52", "start": "00:06:47", "text": "messages. He's like what what's going on"}, {"end": "00:06:53", "start": "00:06:49", "text": "here? And then he hears I'm laughing but"}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:52", "text": "it's really it's kind of not that funny."}, {"end": "00:07:00", "start": "00:06:53", "text": "He hears on the intercom someone"}, {"end": "00:07:04", "start": "00:06:57", "text": "screaming it's God. it's the end of the"}, {"end": "00:07:07", "start": "00:07:00", "text": "world. So he's thinking, what is going"}, {"end": "00:07:10", "start": "00:07:04", "text": "on? He goes, he's able to go out and"}, {"end": "00:07:12", "start": "00:07:07", "text": "look and he sees almost what is"}, {"end": "00:07:17", "start": "00:07:10", "text": "described in in Bloxom's account from"}, {"end": "00:07:21", "start": "00:07:12", "text": "1825. He sees a glowing orange sphere"}, {"end": "00:07:24", "start": "00:07:17", "text": "hovering above or near the"}, {"end": "00:07:27", "start": "00:07:21", "text": "JFK. He said it gave off about half the"}, {"end": "00:07:31", "start": "00:07:24", "text": "strength of sunlight, so it's kind of"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:27", "text": "bright. And uh there there are sailors"}, {"end": "00:07:37", "start": "00:07:31", "text": "who were having a really difficult time"}, {"end": "00:07:39", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "emotionally with this. Uh one he said"}, {"end": "00:07:41", "start": "00:07:37", "text": "later definitely had to be sedated in"}, {"end": "00:07:44", "start": "00:07:39", "text": "some way or another and whatever. So"}, {"end": "00:07:45", "start": "00:07:41", "text": "he's watching this for maybe half a"}, {"end": "00:07:47", "start": "00:07:44", "text": "minute, not long and then the ship goes"}, {"end": "00:07:49", "start": "00:07:45", "text": "to battle stations general quarters. So"}, {"end": "00:07:51", "start": "00:07:47", "text": "they've all got to go. So he has to go"}, {"end": "00:07:53", "start": "00:07:49", "text": "back to his uh communication station"}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:51", "text": "where he says for the next uh 20 25"}, {"end": "00:07:58", "start": "00:07:53", "text": "minutes uh the ship was on general"}, {"end": "00:08:03", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "quarters and the communications were"}, {"end": "00:08:06", "start": "00:07:58", "text": "just down. And he also uh stated that he"}, {"end": "00:08:08", "start": "00:08:03", "text": "believed that the weapons like aircraft"}, {"end": "00:08:10", "start": "00:08:06", "text": "like um I think what do they have F4s"}, {"end": "00:08:12", "start": "00:08:08", "text": "they were not operational. So the"}, {"end": "00:08:15", "start": "00:08:10", "text": "aircraft would not fly or weapons would"}, {"end": "00:08:19", "start": "00:08:12", "text": "not operate. So anyway, I I mentioned"}, {"end": "00:08:21", "start": "00:08:15", "text": "this because that glowing"}, {"end": "00:08:23", "start": "00:08:19", "text": "spherical object, I mean, to me, it's"}, {"end": "00:08:26", "start": "00:08:21", "text": "almost it seems like it could have been"}, {"end": "00:08:29", "start": "00:08:23", "text": "identical to the one from the 1820s."}, {"end": "00:08:33", "start": "00:08:26", "text": "And you get this same type of glowing"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:29", "text": "globular sphere. Wow. Yeah. Like what is"}, {"end": "00:08:36", "start": "00:08:33", "text": "that? Right. What is that? I wonder how"}, {"end": "00:08:38", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "many of them there are. You know,"}, {"end": "00:08:41", "start": "00:08:36", "text": "because like the most the the first one"}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:38", "text": "that I ever heard about was the Tic Tac."}, {"end": "00:08:46", "start": "00:08:41", "text": "Yeah. And that thing was like zooming"}, {"end": "00:08:47", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "around, zipping around and and uh I"}, {"end": "00:08:48", "start": "00:08:46", "text": "think I think there's a good chance"}, {"end": "00:08:51", "start": "00:08:47", "text": "there was something below the water"}, {"end": "00:08:52", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "there, too. Oh, you think there was a"}, {"end": "00:08:54", "start": "00:08:51", "text": "bigger ship that it came out of or"}, {"end": "00:08:56", "start": "00:08:52", "text": "something like that? I think so. Yeah,"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:54", "text": "there's talk about that and it's not"}, {"end": "00:09:01", "start": "00:08:56", "text": "100% confirmed, but that's what I I"}, {"end": "00:09:03", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "think is probably the case. But yeah,"}, {"end": "00:09:06", "start": "00:09:01", "text": "well, we the Tic Tac's a great case for"}, {"end": "00:09:08", "start": "00:09:03", "text": "sure. Absolutely. For sure. Um I mean"}, {"end": "00:09:10", "start": "00:09:06", "text": "that one's like apparently it's"}, {"end": "00:09:11", "start": "00:09:08", "text": "documented on all of his uh his radar,"}, {"end": "00:09:13", "start": "00:09:10", "text": "right? even though it hasn't been"}, {"end": "00:09:14", "start": "00:09:11", "text": "released."}, {"end": "00:09:17", "start": "00:09:13", "text": "Well, yeah, there's and there's a lot of"}, {"end": "00:09:19", "start": "00:09:14", "text": "good witnesses for that. Um Kevin Day,"}, {"end": "00:09:21", "start": "00:09:17", "text": "who operated the radar aboard the USS"}, {"end": "00:09:24", "start": "00:09:19", "text": "Princeton, who's a very decent man, is a"}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:21", "text": "friend of friend of ours, uh was there"}, {"end": "00:09:28", "start": "00:09:24", "text": "and uh has talked about this in great"}, {"end": "00:09:31", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "detail. And of course, we have David"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:28", "text": "Fraver's testimony and and um um number"}, {"end": "00:09:36", "start": "00:09:31", "text": "of the other witnesses now have come out"}, {"end": "00:09:37", "start": "00:09:33", "text": "um who have have discussed it. So, I I"}, {"end": "00:09:39", "start": "00:09:36", "text": "don't think that we have any doubt that"}, {"end": "00:09:42", "start": "00:09:37", "text": "something very very unusual happened"}, {"end": "00:09:44", "start": "00:09:39", "text": "there for sure. Mhm. of extremely high"}, {"end": "00:09:46", "start": "00:09:42", "text": "order of intelligence as well. I mean,"}, {"end": "00:09:49", "start": "00:09:44", "text": "anything that can appear at the what's"}, {"end": "00:09:52", "start": "00:09:46", "text": "called the cap the cap point before you"}, {"end": "00:09:56", "start": "00:09:49", "text": "get there, they get there."}, {"end": "00:09:59", "start": "00:09:52", "text": "Uh, it's like time travel"}, {"end": "00:10:01", "start": "00:09:56", "text": "some Well, Putoff called it space-time"}, {"end": "00:10:04", "start": "00:09:59", "text": "metric engineering. Maybe that's what"}, {"end": "00:10:05", "start": "00:10:01", "text": "they're doing. Wow. Uh, in some way San"}, {"end": "00:10:07", "start": "00:10:04", "text": "Diego, right? That's not anywhere near"}, {"end": "00:10:08", "start": "00:10:05", "text": "Catalina. It's off the coast of that"}, {"end": "00:10:11", "start": "00:10:07", "text": "happened off the coast of lower Baja"}, {"end": "00:10:12", "start": "00:10:08", "text": "California. Oh, that was in near Baja"}, {"end": "00:10:15", "start": "00:10:11", "text": "California, I think. Yeah, a little"}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:12", "text": "south probably south uh west of San"}, {"end": "00:10:20", "start": "00:10:15", "text": "Diego, I think. Okay. Not not that far,"}, {"end": "00:10:22", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "you know, right? But off out out there"}, {"end": "00:10:23", "start": "00:10:20", "text": "in the Pacific."}, {"end": "00:10:25", "start": "00:10:22", "text": "I have there's a lot of crazy stuff out"}, {"end": "00:10:27", "start": "00:10:23", "text": "in the ocean. I have a friend who lives"}, {"end": "00:10:29", "start": "00:10:25", "text": "in Tijuana and he says there's all kinds"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:27", "text": "of like UFO stuff going on out there,"}, {"end": "00:10:32", "start": "00:10:29", "text": "especially like in the W like USO type"}, {"end": "00:10:34", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "stuff and stuff that you really don't"}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:32", "text": "hear about in like the media in the US."}, {"end": "00:10:39", "start": "00:10:34", "text": "Yeah, I I think that there's a lot of"}, {"end": "00:10:41", "start": "00:10:36", "text": "anecdotal information in Mexico. I have"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:39", "text": "Uh, you know, we spoke to uh a couple of"}, {"end": "00:10:48", "start": "00:10:41", "text": "years ago a gentleman who had an"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "interesting USO uh account uh off the"}, {"end": "00:10:52", "start": "00:10:48", "text": "Yucatan part of it, you know, on the"}, {"end": "00:10:53", "start": "00:10:49", "text": "other side. Oh, really? But yeah, I"}, {"end": "00:10:55", "start": "00:10:52", "text": "think I think I don't think they get"}, {"end": "00:10:57", "start": "00:10:53", "text": "reported officially. So, they're just"}, {"end": "00:11:01", "start": "00:10:55", "text": "like the stories are floating around"}, {"end": "00:11:04", "start": "00:10:57", "text": "there as it were. And uh how I I have no"}, {"end": "00:11:07", "start": "00:11:01", "text": "doubt there's far more cases that are"}, {"end": "00:11:11", "start": "00:11:04", "text": "connected to Mexico than we probably"}, {"end": "00:11:11", "start": "00:11:07", "text": "than I have been able to find."}]

[{"end": "00:00:06", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "The sky above us is becoming a crowded"}, {"end": "00:00:08", "start": "00:00:03", "text": "place. On the very fringes of our"}, {"end": "00:00:11", "start": "00:00:06", "text": "atmosphere, satellites are helping us to"}, {"end": "00:00:14", "start": "00:00:08", "text": "communicate, find our way around, making"}, {"end": "00:00:17", "start": "00:00:11", "text": "our modern, busy lives possible. They"}, {"end": "00:00:19", "start": "00:00:14", "text": "are also watching us, allowing nations"}, {"end": "00:00:21", "start": "00:00:17", "text": "to spy on nations, and providing the"}, {"end": "00:00:24", "start": "00:00:19", "text": "communications that are necessary for"}, {"end": "00:00:27", "start": "00:00:21", "text": "modern warfare. At the time of making"}, {"end": "00:00:29", "start": "00:00:24", "text": "this video, there are about 12,000"}, {"end": "00:00:32", "start": "00:00:27", "text": "satellites in Earth's orbit around our"}, {"end": "00:00:36", "start": "00:00:29", "text": "planet. More than 7,000 of these are"}, {"end": "00:00:39", "start": "00:00:32", "text": "part of the Starlink mega constellation,"}, {"end": "00:00:42", "start": "00:00:36", "text": "a mission by Elon Musk's SpaceX program"}, {"end": "00:00:45", "start": "00:00:39", "text": "to surround Earth with an interconnected"}, {"end": "00:00:49", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "web of satellites. And this is merely"}, {"end": "00:00:51", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "the beginning. The Starlink fleet is set"}, {"end": "00:00:54", "start": "00:00:49", "text": "to grow with thousands more satellites"}, {"end": "00:00:56", "start": "00:00:51", "text": "to be launched, perhaps as many as"}, {"end": "00:00:58", "start": "00:00:54", "text": "42,000."}, {"end": "00:01:00", "start": "00:00:56", "text": "These units aim to bring internet"}, {"end": "00:01:03", "start": "00:00:58", "text": "connection to the furthest regions of"}, {"end": "00:01:06", "start": "00:01:00", "text": "the globe, from the most barren Arctic"}, {"end": "00:01:09", "start": "00:01:03", "text": "tundra to towering mountain peaks,"}, {"end": "00:01:12", "start": "00:01:06", "text": "persisting in all weathers and when all"}, {"end": "00:01:14", "start": "00:01:09", "text": "other communication systems fail. But"}, {"end": "00:01:18", "start": "00:01:12", "text": "Starlink is not the only satellite"}, {"end": "00:01:22", "start": "00:01:14", "text": "venture from SpaceX. Less known is their"}, {"end": "00:01:23", "start": "00:01:18", "text": "military project codenamed Star Shield,"}, {"end": "00:01:26", "start": "00:01:22", "text": "which aims to build a satellite"}, {"end": "00:01:29", "start": "00:01:23", "text": "constellation with the support of a $1.8"}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:26", "text": "billion contract with the US Department"}, {"end": "00:01:35", "start": "00:01:29", "text": "of Defense. Despite the glossy and"}, {"end": "00:01:38", "start": "00:01:32", "text": "marketable name, Star Shield is shrouded"}, {"end": "00:01:41", "start": "00:01:35", "text": "in secrecy. It's designed for government"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:38", "text": "use to support national security, but"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:41", "text": "how and at what cost?"}, {"end": "00:01:52", "start": "00:01:47", "text": "I'm Alex Mccoan and you're watching"}, {"end": "00:01:55", "start": "00:01:49", "text": "Astramm. Join me in our skies today as"}, {"end": "00:01:58", "start": "00:01:52", "text": "we attempt to decode the corporate speak"}, {"end": "00:02:01", "start": "00:01:55", "text": "of the Space X Star Shield operation and"}, {"end": "00:02:04", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "what it means for our security, privacy,"}, {"end": "00:02:07", "start": "00:02:01", "text": "and everyday lives. We'll explore what"}, {"end": "00:02:10", "start": "00:02:04", "text": "Star Shield actually is and how it links"}, {"end": "00:02:12", "start": "00:02:07", "text": "to SpaceX's more commercial satellite"}, {"end": "00:02:13", "start": "00:02:10", "text": "project, the Starlink Mega"}, {"end": "00:02:16", "start": "00:02:12", "text": "Constellation."}, {"end": "00:02:18", "start": "00:02:13", "text": "As satellite populations continue to"}, {"end": "00:02:22", "start": "00:02:16", "text": "boom, we'll explore the background that"}, {"end": "00:02:25", "start": "00:02:18", "text": "is our new age space race. How the"}, {"end": "00:02:29", "start": "00:02:22", "text": "players have changed and who is really"}, {"end": "00:02:29", "start": "00:02:25", "text": "in charge of this final frontier."}, {"end": "00:02:37", "start": "00:02:32", "text": "Before we march into the atmospheric"}, {"end": "00:02:40", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "battlefield, let's take a closer look at"}, {"end": "00:02:42", "start": "00:02:37", "text": "a more familyfriendly SpaceX satellite"}, {"end": "00:02:45", "start": "00:02:40", "text": "project, Starink."}, {"end": "00:02:47", "start": "00:02:42", "text": "First announced in 2015, Starlink was"}, {"end": "00:02:50", "start": "00:02:45", "text": "designed for the purpose of rebuilding"}, {"end": "00:02:53", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "the internet in space and aimed to place"}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:50", "text": "4,000 satellites in low Earth orbit. Low"}, {"end": "00:02:57", "start": "00:02:53", "text": "Earth orbit is standard for most"}, {"end": "00:03:01", "start": "00:02:55", "text": "satellites, even the International Space"}, {"end": "00:03:06", "start": "00:02:57", "text": "Station, and can be anywhere between 160"}, {"end": "00:03:08", "start": "00:03:01", "text": "and 2,000 km above Earth's surface. The"}, {"end": "00:03:11", "start": "00:03:06", "text": "goal of this system is connectivity"}, {"end": "00:03:13", "start": "00:03:08", "text": "where you least expect it. You need only"}, {"end": "00:03:16", "start": "00:03:11", "text": "plug the system in and point it at the"}, {"end": "00:03:18", "start": "00:03:13", "text": "sky with their antenna to get online."}, {"end": "00:03:20", "start": "00:03:16", "text": "Besides digital gameplay in the"}, {"end": "00:03:22", "start": "00:03:18", "text": "mountains or taking a work call on the"}, {"end": "00:03:24", "start": "00:03:20", "text": "beach, the idea of worldwide internet"}, {"end": "00:03:27", "start": "00:03:22", "text": "connection actually has the potential"}, {"end": "00:03:29", "start": "00:03:24", "text": "for some really positive social change."}, {"end": "00:03:31", "start": "00:03:27", "text": "Schools in remote areas of Fiji and the"}, {"end": "00:03:33", "start": "00:03:29", "text": "Solomon Islands have employed the use of"}, {"end": "00:03:35", "start": "00:03:31", "text": "Starink to access digital teaching"}, {"end": "00:03:38", "start": "00:03:33", "text": "resources, which is making education"}, {"end": "00:03:40", "start": "00:03:35", "text": "more accessible for all. The Starling"}, {"end": "00:03:42", "start": "00:03:38", "text": "fleet can be used to aid communications"}, {"end": "00:03:44", "start": "00:03:40", "text": "in the event of natural disasters as"}, {"end": "00:03:46", "start": "00:03:42", "text": "it's less vulnerable than standard"}, {"end": "00:03:50", "start": "00:03:44", "text": "undersea cables. This came to light in"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:46", "text": "2024 when a 7.3 magnitude earthquake in"}, {"end": "00:03:55", "start": "00:03:50", "text": "Vanuatu took out the country's only"}, {"end": "00:03:57", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "undersea cable. Starlink was quickly"}, {"end": "00:03:59", "start": "00:03:55", "text": "able to deploy 300 satellites which"}, {"end": "00:04:02", "start": "00:03:57", "text": "restored connection for emergency"}, {"end": "00:04:05", "start": "00:03:59", "text": "services and aided the national recovery"}, {"end": "00:04:06", "start": "00:04:02", "text": "operation. These success stories have"}, {"end": "00:04:10", "start": "00:04:05", "text": "contributed to Starink's popularity"}, {"end": "00:04:12", "start": "00:04:06", "text": "surge and the service now has over 5.4"}, {"end": "00:04:15", "start": "00:04:10", "text": "million subscribers across the globe"}, {"end": "00:04:17", "start": "00:04:12", "text": "with an estimated revenue exceeding $3.2"}, {"end": "00:04:20", "start": "00:04:15", "text": "billion US."}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:17", "text": "These are all great selling points, but"}, {"end": "00:04:25", "start": "00:04:20", "text": "what about the satellites themselves?"}, {"end": "00:04:27", "start": "00:04:22", "text": "How do they actually work? Well, the"}, {"end": "00:04:30", "start": "00:04:25", "text": "latest Starlink satellites are not"}, {"end": "00:04:34", "start": "00:04:27", "text": "small. They are 30 m long and weigh as"}, {"end": "00:04:36", "start": "00:04:30", "text": "much as a small car, orbiting merely 550"}, {"end": "00:04:39", "start": "00:04:34", "text": "km above the Earth's surface. They are"}, {"end": "00:04:42", "start": "00:04:36", "text": "launched in a stack, as many as 60 at a"}, {"end": "00:04:44", "start": "00:04:39", "text": "time on Space X's own Falcon 9 vehicles,"}, {"end": "00:04:48", "start": "00:04:42", "text": "reusable two-stage rockets that have"}, {"end": "00:04:50", "start": "00:04:44", "text": "already completed nearly 500 missions."}, {"end": "00:04:52", "start": "00:04:48", "text": "When deployed, the satellites use"}, {"end": "00:04:55", "start": "00:04:50", "text": "navigation sensors to survey the stars"}, {"end": "00:04:57", "start": "00:04:52", "text": "and position themselves incredibly"}, {"end": "00:05:00", "start": "00:04:55", "text": "accurately. Each unit contains three"}, {"end": "00:05:02", "start": "00:04:57", "text": "space lasers which help it communicate"}, {"end": "00:05:05", "start": "00:05:00", "text": "with other units to form a global"}, {"end": "00:05:07", "start": "00:05:02", "text": "internet mesh. They each also have eight"}, {"end": "00:05:10", "start": "00:05:05", "text": "antennas to connect with receivers on"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:07", "text": "the Earth's surface and they can adjust"}, {"end": "00:05:14", "start": "00:05:10", "text": "their position with ion propulsion"}, {"end": "00:05:16", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "systems that use argon for precise"}, {"end": "00:05:18", "start": "00:05:14", "text": "maneuverability."}, {"end": "00:05:21", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "As I mentioned before, there are now"}, {"end": "00:05:24", "start": "00:05:18", "text": "over 7,000 Starling satellites currently"}, {"end": "00:05:26", "start": "00:05:21", "text": "in orbit, and this number is expected to"}, {"end": "00:05:28", "start": "00:05:24", "text": "grow. As you can see from this"}, {"end": "00:05:30", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "availability map, the fleet already"}, {"end": "00:05:34", "start": "00:05:28", "text": "covers much of the Western Hemisphere,"}, {"end": "00:05:37", "start": "00:05:30", "text": "encompassing around 2.7 billion people."}, {"end": "00:05:40", "start": "00:05:34", "text": "But SpaceX wants more, and several other"}, {"end": "00:05:42", "start": "00:05:37", "text": "countries in Africa, Southeast Asia, and"}, {"end": "00:05:44", "start": "00:05:40", "text": "even Antarctica are likely to be"}, {"end": "00:05:48", "start": "00:05:42", "text": "connected in the near future. It's quite"}, {"end": "00:05:48", "start": "00:05:44", "text": "the satellite empire."}, {"end": "00:05:56", "start": "00:05:51", "text": "There may not be loads of information"}, {"end": "00:05:59", "start": "00:05:53", "text": "about Starlink, but there's far less"}, {"end": "00:06:02", "start": "00:05:56", "text": "about Star Shield, SpaceX's other"}, {"end": "00:06:04", "start": "00:05:59", "text": "venture into the world of satellites. It"}, {"end": "00:06:07", "start": "00:06:02", "text": "can be said that Star Shield is like"}, {"end": "00:06:10", "start": "00:06:04", "text": "Starlink's darker military cousin, and"}, {"end": "00:06:12", "start": "00:06:07", "text": "there are plenty of reasons why. like"}, {"end": "00:06:15", "start": "00:06:10", "text": "Starlink is composed of low Earth"}, {"end": "00:06:18", "start": "00:06:12", "text": "orbiting satellites, but this time they"}, {"end": "00:06:20", "start": "00:06:15", "text": "serve the sole purpose of defense and"}, {"end": "00:06:24", "start": "00:06:18", "text": "are wholly owned and controlled by the"}, {"end": "00:06:25", "start": "00:06:20", "text": "US government following the $1.8 billion"}, {"end": "00:06:29", "start": "00:06:24", "text": "contribution to the project by the"}, {"end": "00:06:31", "start": "00:06:25", "text": "National Reconnaissance Office in 2021."}, {"end": "00:06:34", "start": "00:06:29", "text": "They have enhanced encryption and other"}, {"end": "00:06:37", "start": "00:06:31", "text": "security features for secure data"}, {"end": "00:06:39", "start": "00:06:34", "text": "processing and employ a modular design."}, {"end": "00:06:42", "start": "00:06:37", "text": "This means that the satellites can"}, {"end": "00:06:45", "start": "00:06:39", "text": "integrate a wide variety of payloads. Be"}, {"end": "00:06:48", "start": "00:06:42", "text": "it for communication, earth observation,"}, {"end": "00:06:50", "start": "00:06:45", "text": "target tracking, early missile warning"}, {"end": "00:06:52", "start": "00:06:48", "text": "and so on."}, {"end": "00:06:55", "start": "00:06:50", "text": "Governments can mix and match, designing"}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:52", "text": "a Star Shield satellite that best fits"}, {"end": "00:07:00", "start": "00:06:55", "text": "their specific requirements and defense"}, {"end": "00:07:02", "start": "00:06:57", "text": "objectives. The exact details of how"}, {"end": "00:07:05", "start": "00:07:00", "text": "Star Shield has been used are pretty"}, {"end": "00:07:08", "start": "00:07:02", "text": "vague, but there's no doubt that it is"}, {"end": "00:07:10", "start": "00:07:05", "text": "in use. The US Marines have pounced on"}, {"end": "00:07:12", "start": "00:07:08", "text": "the new tech, implementing units across"}, {"end": "00:07:14", "start": "00:07:10", "text": "its second marine division for both"}, {"end": "00:07:17", "start": "00:07:12", "text": "basic communications and more"}, {"end": "00:07:20", "start": "00:07:14", "text": "specialized tasks like targeting and"}, {"end": "00:07:22", "start": "00:07:17", "text": "fires. On their website, Major Tim Ren"}, {"end": "00:07:24", "start": "00:07:20", "text": "from the second division praised the"}, {"end": "00:07:27", "start": "00:07:22", "text": "satellites for their ability to maintain"}, {"end": "00:07:29", "start": "00:07:24", "text": "services during a service level training"}, {"end": "00:07:31", "start": "00:07:27", "text": "event despite poor weather conditions"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:29", "text": "and power outages which knocked out"}, {"end": "00:07:38", "start": "00:07:31", "text": "other satellite transmissions."}, {"end": "00:07:40", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "Likewise, in 2023, SpaceX won a one-year"}, {"end": "00:07:43", "start": "00:07:38", "text": "contract with the United States Space"}, {"end": "00:07:45", "start": "00:07:40", "text": "Force worth $70 million. And there has"}, {"end": "00:07:48", "start": "00:07:43", "text": "been recent speculation that Space Force"}, {"end": "00:07:50", "start": "00:07:45", "text": "may continue to use SpaceX satellites"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:48", "text": "rather than front the cost of building"}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:50", "text": "their own. The project is rapidly"}, {"end": "00:07:59", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "gaining attention from clients of the"}, {"end": "00:08:02", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "highest office and shows no signs of"}, {"end": "00:08:04", "start": "00:07:59", "text": "slowing down anytime soon."}, {"end": "00:08:07", "start": "00:08:02", "text": "But how similar is Star Shield to"}, {"end": "00:08:10", "start": "00:08:04", "text": "Starlink? An important point to mention"}, {"end": "00:08:13", "start": "00:08:07", "text": "is that both Starlink and Star Shield"}, {"end": "00:08:16", "start": "00:08:10", "text": "can use the same interatellite laser"}, {"end": "00:08:18", "start": "00:08:13", "text": "communication terminals which use laser"}, {"end": "00:08:21", "start": "00:08:16", "text": "beams to form high-speed data links"}, {"end": "00:08:24", "start": "00:08:18", "text": "between satellites instead of"}, {"end": "00:08:27", "start": "00:08:21", "text": "traditional radio signals. SpaceX boasts"}, {"end": "00:08:30", "start": "00:08:24", "text": "the only communications laser operating"}, {"end": "00:08:33", "start": "00:08:27", "text": "at scale in orbit today, which basically"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:30", "text": "means there is much less chance of other"}, {"end": "00:08:37", "start": "00:08:33", "text": "satellites, privately owned or"}, {"end": "00:08:40", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "otherwise, interfering with Star"}, {"end": "00:08:42", "start": "00:08:37", "text": "Shield's data. This would obviously be"}, {"end": "00:08:45", "start": "00:08:40", "text": "appealing from a defense perspective,"}, {"end": "00:08:47", "start": "00:08:42", "text": "and clients can be fairly confident that"}, {"end": "00:08:50", "start": "00:08:45", "text": "it works since SpaceX has been using"}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:47", "text": "this technology at scale for as long as"}, {"end": "00:08:56", "start": "00:08:50", "text": "Starlink has been running. In many ways,"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "Starlink is like the portfolio SpaceX"}, {"end": "00:09:01", "start": "00:08:56", "text": "has brought along to its interviews for"}, {"end": "00:09:04", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "Star Shield, and this has proven to be a"}, {"end": "00:09:05", "start": "00:09:01", "text": "pretty effective sales technique. It's"}, {"end": "00:09:08", "start": "00:09:04", "text": "clear from the marketing of both"}, {"end": "00:09:10", "start": "00:09:05", "text": "products, the Starink is meant to be a"}, {"end": "00:09:13", "start": "00:09:08", "text": "public consumer service, while Star"}, {"end": "00:09:16", "start": "00:09:10", "text": "Shield is used for national defense. But"}, {"end": "00:09:19", "start": "00:09:13", "text": "with such similar technology, is there"}, {"end": "00:09:21", "start": "00:09:16", "text": "ever any crossover? Indeed, the line"}, {"end": "00:09:24", "start": "00:09:19", "text": "between Starlink and Star Shield is"}, {"end": "00:09:27", "start": "00:09:21", "text": "blurred when you consider recent and"}, {"end": "00:09:30", "start": "00:09:24", "text": "ongoing conflicts across the globe. This"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:27", "text": "year, Musk has taken to X, formerly"}, {"end": "00:09:35", "start": "00:09:30", "text": "Twitter, to state that his Starlink"}, {"end": "00:09:38", "start": "00:09:33", "text": "system is the backbone of the Ukrainian"}, {"end": "00:09:40", "start": "00:09:35", "text": "army and that their entire front line"}, {"end": "00:09:44", "start": "00:09:38", "text": "would collapse if he turned the system"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:40", "text": "off. And he has even done so momentarily"}, {"end": "00:09:49", "start": "00:09:44", "text": "on occasions."}, {"end": "00:09:50", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "Starlink is used by the Ukrainian"}, {"end": "00:09:53", "start": "00:09:49", "text": "military for internet connection in"}, {"end": "00:09:55", "start": "00:09:50", "text": "remote war zones and the Polish"}, {"end": "00:09:59", "start": "00:09:53", "text": "digitization ministry pays an estimated"}, {"end": "00:10:01", "start": "00:09:55", "text": "$50 million a year for the privilege. So"}, {"end": "00:10:04", "start": "00:09:59", "text": "Starlink is being used for defense"}, {"end": "00:10:07", "start": "00:10:01", "text": "purposes and could easily be on par with"}, {"end": "00:10:09", "start": "00:10:04", "text": "Star Shield as a military asset. It may"}, {"end": "00:10:11", "start": "00:10:07", "text": "only be providing internet connection,"}, {"end": "00:10:14", "start": "00:10:09", "text": "but it's what can be done with the"}, {"end": "00:10:16", "start": "00:10:11", "text": "internet that turns it into a weapon."}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:14", "text": "And to simply turn it off would change"}, {"end": "00:10:21", "start": "00:10:16", "text": "the tide on this conflict within a"}, {"end": "00:10:23", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "matter of hours. That's an awful lot of"}, {"end": "00:10:26", "start": "00:10:21", "text": "responsibility for whoever's running"}, {"end": "00:10:28", "start": "00:10:23", "text": "these satellites, perhaps more than"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:26", "text": "anyone could have envisioned when"}, {"end": "00:10:34", "start": "00:10:28", "text": "Starlink was first proposed."}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "In a different conflict nearly 2,000 km"}, {"end": "00:10:38", "start": "00:10:34", "text": "away, Starink was allowed to start"}, {"end": "00:10:40", "start": "00:10:36", "text": "operating in a single hospital in Gaza"}, {"end": "00:10:42", "start": "00:10:38", "text": "last year as an exception to the"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:40", "text": "internet blackout Israel had imposed"}, {"end": "00:10:47", "start": "00:10:42", "text": "across the region following months of"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "negotiations. This has enabled vital"}, {"end": "00:10:52", "start": "00:10:47", "text": "communications between humanitarian aid"}, {"end": "00:10:54", "start": "00:10:49", "text": "workers in this region. Though Israel is"}, {"end": "00:10:55", "start": "00:10:52", "text": "still reluctant to allow more coverage"}, {"end": "00:10:59", "start": "00:10:54", "text": "for fear that it could be used against"}, {"end": "00:11:01", "start": "00:10:55", "text": "them in the war. These are all sensitive"}, {"end": "00:11:04", "start": "00:10:59", "text": "and politically charged issues, and some"}, {"end": "00:11:06", "start": "00:11:01", "text": "fear that SpaceX's involvement will make"}, {"end": "00:11:08", "start": "00:11:04", "text": "them all the more difficult to resolve."}, {"end": "00:11:11", "start": "00:11:06", "text": "Essentially, this technology has given"}, {"end": "00:11:14", "start": "00:11:08", "text": "private companies like SpaceX a seat at"}, {"end": "00:11:16", "start": "00:11:11", "text": "the table for military debates that they"}, {"end": "00:11:19", "start": "00:11:14", "text": "would never have been privy to without"}, {"end": "00:11:22", "start": "00:11:16", "text": "it. For those involved in conflict,"}, {"end": "00:11:24", "start": "00:11:19", "text": "having to depend on a private company"}, {"end": "00:11:26", "start": "00:11:22", "text": "rather than a humanitarian NGO or an"}, {"end": "00:11:28", "start": "00:11:24", "text": "elected government official for services"}, {"end": "00:11:32", "start": "00:11:26", "text": "that could determine their fate in that"}, {"end": "00:11:34", "start": "00:11:28", "text": "conflict is risky. And yet, it's often"}, {"end": "00:11:37", "start": "00:11:32", "text": "an inevitable choice in the landscape of"}, {"end": "00:11:39", "start": "00:11:34", "text": "modern warfare. Without this technology,"}, {"end": "00:11:41", "start": "00:11:37", "text": "they face the likelihood that it will be"}, {"end": "00:11:43", "start": "00:11:39", "text": "used against them with disastrous"}, {"end": "00:11:46", "start": "00:11:41", "text": "consequences."}, {"end": "00:11:48", "start": "00:11:43", "text": "Perhaps Star Shield is SpaceX's way of"}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:46", "text": "disentangling Starink from military"}, {"end": "00:11:52", "start": "00:11:48", "text": "uses, but this separation won't happen"}, {"end": "00:11:55", "start": "00:11:50", "text": "overnight, especially whilst these"}, {"end": "00:11:57", "start": "00:11:52", "text": "conflicts continue. And even if pieces"}, {"end": "00:12:00", "start": "00:11:55", "text": "won, there are logistical issues to sort"}, {"end": "00:12:02", "start": "00:11:57", "text": "out with both projects. As I mentioned,"}, {"end": "00:12:05", "start": "00:12:00", "text": "Starlink and Star Shield use the same"}, {"end": "00:12:07", "start": "00:12:02", "text": "communication terminals and laser beam"}, {"end": "00:12:09", "start": "00:12:05", "text": "data links, which could make it harder"}, {"end": "00:12:11", "start": "00:12:07", "text": "for them to function independently of"}, {"end": "00:12:13", "start": "00:12:09", "text": "one another. But as long as they remain"}, {"end": "00:12:16", "start": "00:12:11", "text": "linked, we can expect things to get"}, {"end": "00:12:18", "start": "00:12:13", "text": "messy, especially if the same satellites"}, {"end": "00:12:23", "start": "00:12:16", "text": "can be seen as both a valid military"}, {"end": "00:12:25", "start": "00:12:18", "text": "target and a vital service for citizens."}, {"end": "00:12:28", "start": "00:12:23", "text": "But putting conflict aside, are there"}, {"end": "00:12:30", "start": "00:12:25", "text": "other consequences of our increasing use"}, {"end": "00:12:32", "start": "00:12:28", "text": "of satellites? How could they impact our"}, {"end": "00:12:34", "start": "00:12:30", "text": "skies and our dreams of exploring them"}, {"end": "00:12:36", "start": "00:12:32", "text": "in the future?"}, {"end": "00:12:38", "start": "00:12:34", "text": "Countries who want to avoid subscribing"}, {"end": "00:12:40", "start": "00:12:36", "text": "to Starink are left with little choice"}, {"end": "00:12:43", "start": "00:12:38", "text": "but to launch their own satellite"}, {"end": "00:12:46", "start": "00:12:40", "text": "constellation. A task involving a lot of"}, {"end": "00:12:48", "start": "00:12:43", "text": "costly rocket launches. They'll have to"}, {"end": "00:12:51", "start": "00:12:46", "text": "keep a careful eye on their budget. But"}, {"end": "00:12:52", "start": "00:12:48", "text": "maybe a rocket can help with that, too."}, {"end": "00:12:55", "start": "00:12:51", "text": "Rocket Money, the sponsor of today's"}, {"end": "00:12:57", "start": "00:12:52", "text": "video, is a personal finance app that"}, {"end": "00:12:59", "start": "00:12:55", "text": "allows you to manage subscriptions,"}, {"end": "00:13:02", "start": "00:12:57", "text": "lower bills, make a custom budget, and"}, {"end": "00:13:04", "start": "00:12:59", "text": "grow your savings all in one place."}, {"end": "00:13:06", "start": "00:13:02", "text": "Before trying it, I'd been using"}, {"end": "00:13:08", "start": "00:13:04", "text": "spreadsheets, but I love how easy it"}, {"end": "00:13:09", "start": "00:13:06", "text": "became to manage my finance. Rocket"}, {"end": "00:13:12", "start": "00:13:08", "text": "Money helped me see trends in my"}, {"end": "00:13:14", "start": "00:13:09", "text": "finance, and with just a few taps, I"}, {"end": "00:13:16", "start": "00:13:12", "text": "could cancel unwanted subscriptions. No"}, {"end": "00:13:19", "start": "00:13:14", "text": "wonder Rocket Money's premium features"}, {"end": "00:13:21", "start": "00:13:16", "text": "helped customers save up to $740"}, {"end": "00:13:24", "start": "00:13:19", "text": "a year. If you are looking for an"}, {"end": "00:13:26", "start": "00:13:21", "text": "effective way to track your money, scan"}, {"end": "00:13:27", "start": "00:13:24", "text": "my QR code or follow my link in the"}, {"end": "00:13:29", "start": "00:13:26", "text": "description below to get started for"}, {"end": "00:13:31", "start": "00:13:27", "text": "free."}, {"end": "00:13:37", "start": "00:13:29", "text": "But Starlink isn't just a problem due to"}, {"end": "00:13:37", "start": "00:13:31", "text": "its cost, its ethics, or its insecurity."}, {"end": "00:13:42", "start": "00:13:38", "text": "In addition to questions about how these"}, {"end": "00:13:44", "start": "00:13:40", "text": "satellites will play into current and"}, {"end": "00:13:46", "start": "00:13:42", "text": "future conflicts, there are concerns"}, {"end": "00:13:49", "start": "00:13:44", "text": "about how much this hardware is now"}, {"end": "00:13:50", "start": "00:13:46", "text": "filling up the sky. Astronomers already"}, {"end": "00:13:52", "start": "00:13:49", "text": "complain about the amount of light"}, {"end": "00:13:54", "start": "00:13:50", "text": "pollution that is reflected by so many"}, {"end": "00:13:57", "start": "00:13:52", "text": "satellites and the emissions that leak"}, {"end": "00:14:00", "start": "00:13:54", "text": "from Starling satellites can blind radio"}, {"end": "00:14:02", "start": "00:13:57", "text": "telescopes on Earth. A study published 2"}, {"end": "00:14:04", "start": "00:14:00", "text": "years ago in astronomy and astrophysics"}, {"end": "00:14:06", "start": "00:14:02", "text": "investigated these emissions and found"}, {"end": "00:14:08", "start": "00:14:04", "text": "that the radiation leaks exceed"}, {"end": "00:14:10", "start": "00:14:06", "text": "regulations set by the International"}, {"end": "00:14:12", "start": "00:14:08", "text": "Telecommunications Union and that the"}, {"end": "00:14:15", "start": "00:14:10", "text": "interference from the second generation"}, {"end": "00:14:17", "start": "00:14:12", "text": "of Starling satellites was 32 times"}, {"end": "00:14:19", "start": "00:14:15", "text": "stronger than the first generation."}, {"end": "00:14:22", "start": "00:14:17", "text": "Since this study was published, many"}, {"end": "00:14:25", "start": "00:14:19", "text": "more such satellites have been deployed"}, {"end": "00:14:27", "start": "00:14:22", "text": "and SpaceX has not yet finished building"}, {"end": "00:14:29", "start": "00:14:25", "text": "its mega constellations."}, {"end": "00:14:32", "start": "00:14:27", "text": "China is also entering the space race"}, {"end": "00:14:34", "start": "00:14:29", "text": "with their G Wang low Earth orbit"}, {"end": "00:14:36", "start": "00:14:32", "text": "communication satellites in a project"}, {"end": "00:14:39", "start": "00:14:34", "text": "that looks remarkably similar to"}, {"end": "00:14:42", "start": "00:14:36", "text": "Starink. They plan to send up a further"}, {"end": "00:14:44", "start": "00:14:39", "text": "13,000 units, which will add to this"}, {"end": "00:14:46", "start": "00:14:42", "text": "growing congestion."}, {"end": "00:14:48", "start": "00:14:44", "text": "It's not just a problem for astronomers."}, {"end": "00:14:50", "start": "00:14:46", "text": "It is already a problem for the"}, {"end": "00:14:52", "start": "00:14:48", "text": "operators of the satellites themselves."}, {"end": "00:14:54", "start": "00:14:50", "text": "Earlier I mentioned that staling"}, {"end": "00:14:56", "start": "00:14:52", "text": "satellites are able to adjust their"}, {"end": "00:14:58", "start": "00:14:54", "text": "positions using their ion propulsion"}, {"end": "00:15:01", "start": "00:14:56", "text": "systems. Well, there is a very good"}, {"end": "00:15:03", "start": "00:14:58", "text": "reason for them being able to do that."}, {"end": "00:15:07", "start": "00:15:01", "text": "In the year ending November 2024, the"}, {"end": "00:15:09", "start": "00:15:03", "text": "Starling constellation made 100,50"}, {"end": "00:15:12", "start": "00:15:07", "text": "adjustments to avoid collisions with"}, {"end": "00:15:16", "start": "00:15:09", "text": "debris and other objects. That is one"}, {"end": "00:15:18", "start": "00:15:12", "text": "movement every 5 minutes. Estimates"}, {"end": "00:15:20", "start": "00:15:16", "text": "vary, but there are plans for perhaps"}, {"end": "00:15:23", "start": "00:15:18", "text": "four or five times as many satellites in"}, {"end": "00:15:25", "start": "00:15:20", "text": "low Earth orbit than are up there at"}, {"end": "00:15:27", "start": "00:15:23", "text": "present. In addition to SpaceX and the"}, {"end": "00:15:30", "start": "00:15:25", "text": "Chinese government, companies such as"}, {"end": "00:15:33", "start": "00:15:27", "text": "Amazon and One Webb have plans for their"}, {"end": "00:15:35", "start": "00:15:30", "text": "own mega constellations. Not only will"}, {"end": "00:15:37", "start": "00:15:33", "text": "all these units have to avoid each"}, {"end": "00:15:39", "start": "00:15:35", "text": "other, but getting them up into orbit"}, {"end": "00:15:41", "start": "00:15:37", "text": "will add to the amount of unwanted and"}, {"end": "00:15:45", "start": "00:15:39", "text": "unplanned objects that they will have to"}, {"end": "00:15:48", "start": "00:15:41", "text": "avoid, namely what you call space junk."}, {"end": "00:15:50", "start": "00:15:45", "text": "Every launch generates debris, a type of"}, {"end": "00:15:54", "start": "00:15:48", "text": "space pollution, from parts of launch"}, {"end": "00:15:57", "start": "00:15:50", "text": "vehicles to entire rocket bodies."}, {"end": "00:16:00", "start": "00:15:54", "text": "As far back as 1978, NASA scientist Don"}, {"end": "00:16:02", "start": "00:15:57", "text": "Kesler predicted that within 30 or 40"}, {"end": "00:16:04", "start": "00:16:00", "text": "years, there would be so much debris in"}, {"end": "00:16:07", "start": "00:16:02", "text": "low Earth orbit that collisions would"}, {"end": "00:16:10", "start": "00:16:04", "text": "become inevitable. His predictions have"}, {"end": "00:16:13", "start": "00:16:07", "text": "so far come true. We know of more than"}, {"end": "00:16:15", "start": "00:16:10", "text": "25,000 objects larger than 10 cm up"}, {"end": "00:16:18", "start": "00:16:13", "text": "there, such as from fragments of"}, {"end": "00:16:20", "start": "00:16:15", "text": "destroyed equipment or even entire"}, {"end": "00:16:23", "start": "00:16:18", "text": "derelic spacecraft and launch vehicles."}, {"end": "00:16:26", "start": "00:16:20", "text": "These are the easier objects to detect"}, {"end": "00:16:29", "start": "00:16:23", "text": "and avoid. There are also estimated to"}, {"end": "00:16:32", "start": "00:16:26", "text": "be over 1 million smaller fragments from"}, {"end": "00:16:35", "start": "00:16:29", "text": "1 cm to 10 cm littering the outer"}, {"end": "00:16:37", "start": "00:16:32", "text": "reaches of our atmosphere. This doesn't"}, {"end": "00:16:39", "start": "00:16:35", "text": "sound like much of a problem until you"}, {"end": "00:16:44", "start": "00:16:37", "text": "consider that these miniature missiles"}, {"end": "00:16:46", "start": "00:16:39", "text": "move at speeds of more than 25,000 kmh."}, {"end": "00:16:48", "start": "00:16:44", "text": "If you remember the principles of"}, {"end": "00:16:50", "start": "00:16:46", "text": "physics from school, you'll know that"}, {"end": "00:16:53", "start": "00:16:48", "text": "the energy given off in any collision is"}, {"end": "00:16:54", "start": "00:16:50", "text": "a function of mass and velocity. A"}, {"end": "00:16:57", "start": "00:16:53", "text": "bullet dropped into your hand, for"}, {"end": "00:16:59", "start": "00:16:54", "text": "instance, feels like nothing at all."}, {"end": "00:17:01", "start": "00:16:57", "text": "Fire the same bullet from a rifle, and"}, {"end": "00:17:04", "start": "00:16:59", "text": "it can punch a hole through a steel"}, {"end": "00:17:06", "start": "00:17:01", "text": "sheet. These pieces of debris are"}, {"end": "00:17:09", "start": "00:17:04", "text": "traveling at more than five times the"}, {"end": "00:17:12", "start": "00:17:06", "text": "speed of a bullet fired from a rifle. As"}, {"end": "00:17:14", "start": "00:17:09", "text": "more objects crowd into low Earth orbit,"}, {"end": "00:17:16", "start": "00:17:12", "text": "some people believe it inevitable that"}, {"end": "00:17:18", "start": "00:17:14", "text": "one of these collisions will result in"}, {"end": "00:17:20", "start": "00:17:16", "text": "damage that sends even more debris"}, {"end": "00:17:23", "start": "00:17:18", "text": "traveling at incredibly high speeds into"}, {"end": "00:17:25", "start": "00:17:20", "text": "the path of other satellites, resulting"}, {"end": "00:17:27", "start": "00:17:23", "text": "in more and more collisions and more"}, {"end": "00:17:30", "start": "00:17:25", "text": "debris. This chain reaction is what we"}, {"end": "00:17:32", "start": "00:17:27", "text": "call Kesler syndrome, and you can learn"}, {"end": "00:17:35", "start": "00:17:30", "text": "more about it on Astramm in our video"}, {"end": "00:17:37", "start": "00:17:32", "text": "dedicated to this topic."}, {"end": "00:17:40", "start": "00:17:35", "text": "If Kesler syndrome does become a"}, {"end": "00:17:42", "start": "00:17:37", "text": "reality, it could wipe out every"}, {"end": "00:17:44", "start": "00:17:40", "text": "communication satellite and piece of"}, {"end": "00:17:47", "start": "00:17:42", "text": "hardware currently in low Earth orbit"}, {"end": "00:17:49", "start": "00:17:44", "text": "above us, including, for example, the"}, {"end": "00:17:51", "start": "00:17:47", "text": "International Space Station and the"}, {"end": "00:17:54", "start": "00:17:49", "text": "Hubble telescope. It would leave such a"}, {"end": "00:17:56", "start": "00:17:51", "text": "vast amount of shrapnel forming a layer"}, {"end": "00:17:58", "start": "00:17:54", "text": "around our planet that it would be"}, {"end": "00:18:01", "start": "00:17:56", "text": "almost impossible to launch anything"}, {"end": "00:18:04", "start": "00:17:58", "text": "into space anymore. We would face the"}, {"end": "00:18:06", "start": "00:18:01", "text": "danger of becoming prisoners on our"}, {"end": "00:18:09", "start": "00:18:04", "text": "planet, trapped by a dangerous layer of"}, {"end": "00:18:11", "start": "00:18:06", "text": "our own rubbish that could take years,"}, {"end": "00:18:13", "start": "00:18:09", "text": "decades, or even centuries to clear"}, {"end": "00:18:16", "start": "00:18:11", "text": "away."}, {"end": "00:18:18", "start": "00:18:13", "text": "Now, that is quite the doomsday scenario"}, {"end": "00:18:20", "start": "00:18:16", "text": "and definitely not one for the"}, {"end": "00:18:23", "start": "00:18:18", "text": "claustrophobic. But is the situation"}, {"end": "00:18:24", "start": "00:18:20", "text": "really that serious? As the combined"}, {"end": "00:18:27", "start": "00:18:23", "text": "Starlink and Star Shield network"}, {"end": "00:18:30", "start": "00:18:24", "text": "continues to grow, will it inevitably"}, {"end": "00:18:32", "start": "00:18:27", "text": "bring about its own destruction? Well,"}, {"end": "00:18:35", "start": "00:18:30", "text": "as long as the satellite population"}, {"end": "00:18:37", "start": "00:18:32", "text": "continues to expand, the probability of"}, {"end": "00:18:39", "start": "00:18:35", "text": "collision will increase. This"}, {"end": "00:18:41", "start": "00:18:37", "text": "probability is how Starling satellites"}, {"end": "00:18:43", "start": "00:18:39", "text": "decide whether or not to adjust their"}, {"end": "00:18:45", "start": "00:18:41", "text": "positions in the sky. As they are"}, {"end": "00:18:47", "start": "00:18:43", "text": "programmed with a specific limit for the"}, {"end": "00:18:50", "start": "00:18:45", "text": "odds of collision and move as soon as"}, {"end": "00:18:52", "start": "00:18:47", "text": "that limit is passed. So, it's not that"}, {"end": "00:18:55", "start": "00:18:50", "text": "they know that a collision is imminent."}, {"end": "00:18:57", "start": "00:18:52", "text": "They just move as a precaution to be on"}, {"end": "00:18:59", "start": "00:18:55", "text": "the safe side. The odds of collision"}, {"end": "00:19:04", "start": "00:18:57", "text": "that is widely accepted by NASA and"}, {"end": "00:19:07", "start": "00:18:59", "text": "others is 1 in 10,000. But in 2024,"}, {"end": "00:19:10", "start": "00:19:04", "text": "SpaceX quietly changed Starlink's limit"}, {"end": "00:19:13", "start": "00:19:07", "text": "to 1 in 1 million. That seems extra"}, {"end": "00:19:16", "start": "00:19:10", "text": "cautious. 100 times more cautious to be"}, {"end": "00:19:18", "start": "00:19:13", "text": "exact. So, SpaceX must have a reason to"}, {"end": "00:19:20", "start": "00:19:16", "text": "be playing it so safe. With a change"}, {"end": "00:19:22", "start": "00:19:18", "text": "like this, Starling satellites have to"}, {"end": "00:19:26", "start": "00:19:20", "text": "undertake movements to adjust not every"}, {"end": "00:19:29", "start": "00:19:22", "text": "5 minutes, but every 30 seconds or so."}, {"end": "00:19:31", "start": "00:19:26", "text": "With so much extra movement from so many"}, {"end": "00:19:33", "start": "00:19:29", "text": "different companies satellites, it"}, {"end": "00:19:35", "start": "00:19:31", "text": "becomes incredibly difficult for anybody"}, {"end": "00:19:37", "start": "00:19:33", "text": "to keep track of where all these"}, {"end": "00:19:40", "start": "00:19:35", "text": "satellites are supposed to be. And a"}, {"end": "00:19:42", "start": "00:19:37", "text": "serious collision does actually become"}, {"end": "00:19:45", "start": "00:19:40", "text": "much more likely. Satellites won't just"}, {"end": "00:19:50", "start": "00:19:42", "text": "be adjusting as a precaution. they'll"}, {"end": "00:19:50", "start": "00:19:45", "text": "have to do so or face destruction."}, {"end": "00:19:55", "start": "00:19:52", "text": "A collision between satellites"}, {"end": "00:19:58", "start": "00:19:53", "text": "themselves could potentially kickstart"}, {"end": "00:20:00", "start": "00:19:55", "text": "Kesler syndrome, but that's not the only"}, {"end": "00:20:02", "start": "00:19:58", "text": "way it could happen. Instead, the"}, {"end": "00:20:05", "start": "00:20:00", "text": "collision could come not from another"}, {"end": "00:20:08", "start": "00:20:02", "text": "satellite, but from a weapon designed to"}, {"end": "00:20:10", "start": "00:20:05", "text": "target it. Welcome to the world of"}, {"end": "00:20:12", "start": "00:20:08", "text": "counterpace."}, {"end": "00:20:14", "start": "00:20:10", "text": "We haven't mentioned Russia yet, which"}, {"end": "00:20:16", "start": "00:20:12", "text": "may seem surprising because they sent"}, {"end": "00:20:21", "start": "00:20:14", "text": "the very first functioning satellite"}, {"end": "00:20:23", "start": "00:20:16", "text": "into space called Sputnik 1 in 1957."}, {"end": "00:20:25", "start": "00:20:21", "text": "But despite this early advantage, Russia"}, {"end": "00:20:29", "start": "00:20:23", "text": "does not really have much stake in the"}, {"end": "00:20:33", "start": "00:20:25", "text": "satellite space race. Back in 2023, they"}, {"end": "00:20:36", "start": "00:20:29", "text": "had a total of 220 satellites in orbit,"}, {"end": "00:20:39", "start": "00:20:33", "text": "which was only about 2.5% of the global"}, {"end": "00:20:41", "start": "00:20:36", "text": "satellite population at the time. This"}, {"end": "00:20:44", "start": "00:20:39", "text": "is due to a lack of manufacturing power"}, {"end": "00:20:46", "start": "00:20:41", "text": "in Russia for satellites. In fact, they"}, {"end": "00:20:49", "start": "00:20:44", "text": "are only capable of building about 40"}, {"end": "00:20:52", "start": "00:20:46", "text": "per year, which is dwarfed by the output"}, {"end": "00:20:54", "start": "00:20:49", "text": "from companies like SpaceX. So perhaps"}, {"end": "00:20:57", "start": "00:20:52", "text": "it was this struggle to make a satellite"}, {"end": "00:20:59", "start": "00:20:54", "text": "mega constellation that prompted Russia"}, {"end": "00:21:02", "start": "00:20:57", "text": "to look into other ways of exerting"}, {"end": "00:21:04", "start": "00:20:59", "text": "power on the world stage."}, {"end": "00:21:07", "start": "00:21:02", "text": "In February 2024, the White House"}, {"end": "00:21:09", "start": "00:21:04", "text": "confirmed it had evidence to suggest"}, {"end": "00:21:12", "start": "00:21:07", "text": "that Russia was developing an"}, {"end": "00:21:14", "start": "00:21:09", "text": "anti-satellite nuclear weapon. It's"}, {"end": "00:21:15", "start": "00:21:12", "text": "important to note that no nuclear"}, {"end": "00:21:18", "start": "00:21:14", "text": "weapons like this have actually been"}, {"end": "00:21:21", "start": "00:21:15", "text": "deployed yet and the public details of"}, {"end": "00:21:23", "start": "00:21:18", "text": "Russia's progress have been vague, but"}, {"end": "00:21:26", "start": "00:21:21", "text": "Russia did veto a suggestion to reaffirm"}, {"end": "00:21:29", "start": "00:21:23", "text": "the now 58-year-old prohibition on"}, {"end": "00:21:31", "start": "00:21:26", "text": "putting nuclear weapons in space"}, {"end": "00:21:34", "start": "00:21:29", "text": "originally made by the outer space"}, {"end": "00:21:37", "start": "00:21:31", "text": "treaty. And even if nuclear anti-sat"}, {"end": "00:21:40", "start": "00:21:34", "text": "weapons are still a way off, Russia is"}, {"end": "00:21:43", "start": "00:21:37", "text": "also developing non-nuclear weapons such"}, {"end": "00:21:47", "start": "00:21:40", "text": "as lasers, ground launched missiles, and"}, {"end": "00:21:48", "start": "00:21:43", "text": "electronic warfare systems to target"}, {"end": "00:21:52", "start": "00:21:47", "text": "satellites."}, {"end": "00:21:54", "start": "00:21:48", "text": "On the 15th of November 2021, Russia"}, {"end": "00:21:57", "start": "00:21:52", "text": "tested a direct ascent anti-satellite"}, {"end": "00:22:00", "start": "00:21:54", "text": "missile called A235"}, {"end": "00:22:03", "start": "00:21:57", "text": "Nudol, which successfully destroyed"}, {"end": "00:22:06", "start": "00:22:00", "text": "Cosmos 1408,"}, {"end": "00:22:09", "start": "00:22:03", "text": "one of their own obsolete satellites."}, {"end": "00:22:11", "start": "00:22:06", "text": "This littered low Earth orbit with the"}, {"end": "00:22:13", "start": "00:22:09", "text": "resulting debris and set off alarm bells"}, {"end": "00:22:17", "start": "00:22:11", "text": "at the Petersonen Space Force Base in"}, {"end": "00:22:19", "start": "00:22:13", "text": "Colorado, USA. Resulting from the test,"}, {"end": "00:22:21", "start": "00:22:17", "text": "more than 1,500"}, {"end": "00:22:23", "start": "00:22:19", "text": "trackable pieces of debris were"}, {"end": "00:22:26", "start": "00:22:21", "text": "identified with the potential to"}, {"end": "00:22:28", "start": "00:22:23", "text": "generate hundreds of thousands more"}, {"end": "00:22:31", "start": "00:22:26", "text": "smaller pieces as they continue their"}, {"end": "00:22:33", "start": "00:22:28", "text": "orbital path around the planet. This has"}, {"end": "00:22:36", "start": "00:22:31", "text": "been condemned by the US Army as a"}, {"end": "00:22:38", "start": "00:22:33", "text": "deliberate disregard for the security,"}, {"end": "00:22:40", "start": "00:22:36", "text": "safety, stability, and long-term"}, {"end": "00:22:43", "start": "00:22:38", "text": "sustainability of the space domain for"}, {"end": "00:22:45", "start": "00:22:40", "text": "all nations. The fallout from this"}, {"end": "00:22:47", "start": "00:22:43", "text": "single test will pose a threat to"}, {"end": "00:22:50", "start": "00:22:45", "text": "activities in outer space for years to"}, {"end": "00:22:52", "start": "00:22:47", "text": "come and will make collision avoidance"}, {"end": "00:22:54", "start": "00:22:50", "text": "even trickier for satellites trying to"}, {"end": "00:22:58", "start": "00:22:52", "text": "maintain mega constellations like"}, {"end": "00:22:59", "start": "00:22:54", "text": "Starlink and Star Shield. So Kesler was"}, {"end": "00:23:02", "start": "00:22:58", "text": "not shooting for the moon with his"}, {"end": "00:23:04", "start": "00:22:59", "text": "theory. And as we've seen, there are"}, {"end": "00:23:05", "start": "00:23:02", "text": "plenty of ways for it to come true."}, {"end": "00:23:07", "start": "00:23:04", "text": "Whether it's a collision between"}, {"end": "00:23:10", "start": "00:23:05", "text": "satellites that got their calculations"}, {"end": "00:23:13", "start": "00:23:07", "text": "wrong or an intentional attack from a"}, {"end": "00:23:14", "start": "00:23:10", "text": "hostile nation, the resulting debris"}, {"end": "00:23:17", "start": "00:23:13", "text": "could be enough to kickstart a chain"}, {"end": "00:23:19", "start": "00:23:14", "text": "reaction of destruction. And things"}, {"end": "00:23:23", "start": "00:23:17", "text": "won't be looking good for our future"}, {"end": "00:23:23", "start": "00:23:19", "text": "missions to explore space."}, {"end": "00:23:31", "start": "00:23:25", "text": "There is another aspect of this story"}, {"end": "00:23:33", "start": "00:23:27", "text": "that we haven't considered yet. If this"}, {"end": "00:23:35", "start": "00:23:31", "text": "proliferation of orbiting electronics"}, {"end": "00:23:37", "start": "00:23:33", "text": "does manage to continue without"}, {"end": "00:23:40", "start": "00:23:35", "text": "triggering its own destruction, either"}, {"end": "00:23:41", "start": "00:23:37", "text": "accidental or deliberate, what happens"}, {"end": "00:23:44", "start": "00:23:40", "text": "to all this equipment when it reaches"}, {"end": "00:23:45", "start": "00:23:41", "text": "the end of its life? Right now, for the"}, {"end": "00:23:48", "start": "00:23:44", "text": "military star shield hardware to"}, {"end": "00:23:51", "start": "00:23:45", "text": "function, it needs the Starlink network"}, {"end": "00:23:54", "start": "00:23:48", "text": "across the globe. These satellites have"}, {"end": "00:23:57", "start": "00:23:51", "text": "a life of four to 5 years. And as we've"}, {"end": "00:23:59", "start": "00:23:54", "text": "seen, they cannot simply be left to add"}, {"end": "00:24:02", "start": "00:23:57", "text": "to the congestion and become more space"}, {"end": "00:24:05", "start": "00:23:59", "text": "junk when they are no longer of use. As"}, {"end": "00:24:07", "start": "00:24:02", "text": "the old saying goes, what comes up must"}, {"end": "00:24:09", "start": "00:24:05", "text": "come down."}, {"end": "00:24:12", "start": "00:24:07", "text": "SpaceX states on its website that its"}, {"end": "00:24:15", "start": "00:24:09", "text": "satellites are demisable, meaning that"}, {"end": "00:24:17", "start": "00:24:12", "text": "they fully break up and burn up during"}, {"end": "00:24:19", "start": "00:24:15", "text": "atmospheric re-entry. And if any"}, {"end": "00:24:22", "start": "00:24:17", "text": "fragments were to escape this fate,"}, {"end": "00:24:24", "start": "00:24:19", "text": "SpaceX assures that they would have"}, {"end": "00:24:28", "start": "00:24:22", "text": "negligible impact energy. This is"}, {"end": "00:24:31", "start": "00:24:24", "text": "somewhat reassuring, but SpaceX can't"}, {"end": "00:24:33", "start": "00:24:28", "text": "possibly promise 100% demisability for"}, {"end": "00:24:35", "start": "00:24:31", "text": "all of its satellites across every"}, {"end": "00:24:38", "start": "00:24:33", "text": "situation for as long as Starlink and"}, {"end": "00:24:41", "start": "00:24:35", "text": "Star Shield continue. Nor can any"}, {"end": "00:24:43", "start": "00:24:38", "text": "satellite operator for that matter. And"}, {"end": "00:24:46", "start": "00:24:41", "text": "sadly, after conducting some research"}, {"end": "00:24:49", "start": "00:24:43", "text": "into this, some scientists have noted"}, {"end": "00:24:52", "start": "00:24:46", "text": "that this impact energy may not be as"}, {"end": "00:24:53", "start": "00:24:49", "text": "negligible as we thought. This year, an"}, {"end": "00:24:56", "start": "00:24:52", "text": "article was published in Nature"}, {"end": "00:24:58", "start": "00:24:53", "text": "revealing that many companies do not"}, {"end": "00:25:00", "start": "00:24:56", "text": "have clear plans for removing old"}, {"end": "00:25:03", "start": "00:24:58", "text": "satellites from orbit and that it can be"}, {"end": "00:25:06", "start": "00:25:00", "text": "very difficult to predict where they"}, {"end": "00:25:08", "start": "00:25:03", "text": "will land. The article detailed two"}, {"end": "00:25:11", "start": "00:25:06", "text": "events in the past couple of years where"}, {"end": "00:25:14", "start": "00:25:08", "text": "large pieces of space junk had landed in"}, {"end": "00:25:17", "start": "00:25:11", "text": "Kenya and Uganda at the speed of a small"}, {"end": "00:25:20", "start": "00:25:14", "text": "missile which scattered wreckage up to"}, {"end": "00:25:22", "start": "00:25:17", "text": "40 km without warning."}, {"end": "00:25:25", "start": "00:25:20", "text": "With more uncontrolled satellite"}, {"end": "00:25:28", "start": "00:25:22", "text": "re-entries like this, any location on"}, {"end": "00:25:31", "start": "00:25:25", "text": "Earth could be in a firing line and even"}, {"end": "00:25:33", "start": "00:25:28", "text": "commercial airplanes are put at risk."}, {"end": "00:25:36", "start": "00:25:31", "text": "What's more, many operators leave their"}, {"end": "00:25:39", "start": "00:25:33", "text": "space junk to decay naturally wherever"}, {"end": "00:25:42", "start": "00:25:36", "text": "it does land, which is a near impossible"}, {"end": "00:25:44", "start": "00:25:39", "text": "task for materials built to withstand"}, {"end": "00:25:48", "start": "00:25:42", "text": "the extremes of space flight. This"}, {"end": "00:25:50", "start": "00:25:44", "text": "proves that there is at least some risk"}, {"end": "00:25:53", "start": "00:25:48", "text": "from satellite re-entry, both for people"}, {"end": "00:25:56", "start": "00:25:50", "text": "and the environment, and that affected"}, {"end": "00:25:59", "start": "00:25:53", "text": "areas are often given little to no"}, {"end": "00:26:01", "start": "00:25:56", "text": "warning when things do go wrong. And"}, {"end": "00:26:04", "start": "00:25:59", "text": "even if the satellites do burn up during"}, {"end": "00:26:06", "start": "00:26:01", "text": "re-entry, as they're supposed to, this"}, {"end": "00:26:08", "start": "00:26:04", "text": "can cause damage of its own. The part of"}, {"end": "00:26:10", "start": "00:26:06", "text": "our planet's atmosphere where this"}, {"end": "00:26:14", "start": "00:26:08", "text": "burning takes place is home to the"}, {"end": "00:26:16", "start": "00:26:10", "text": "notoriously fragile ozone layer. When"}, {"end": "00:26:19", "start": "00:26:14", "text": "these satellites, which are largely made"}, {"end": "00:26:21", "start": "00:26:16", "text": "of aluminium, burn up in the atmosphere,"}, {"end": "00:26:24", "start": "00:26:19", "text": "they produce nano particles of aluminium"}, {"end": "00:26:27", "start": "00:26:21", "text": "oxides, which are known to accelerate"}, {"end": "00:26:30", "start": "00:26:24", "text": "ozone depletion. A study published in"}, {"end": "00:26:32", "start": "00:26:27", "text": "2024 sought to investigate this impact"}, {"end": "00:26:36", "start": "00:26:30", "text": "and found that the demise of a typical"}, {"end": "00:26:40", "start": "00:26:32", "text": "250 kg satellite can generate around 30"}, {"end": "00:26:43", "start": "00:26:36", "text": "kg of aluminium oxide nano particles."}, {"end": "00:26:47", "start": "00:26:40", "text": "And bear in mind the V2 Starling"}, {"end": "00:26:49", "start": "00:26:43", "text": "satellites weigh around 800 kg. Once"}, {"end": "00:26:51", "start": "00:26:47", "text": "produced, these nanop particles can"}, {"end": "00:26:54", "start": "00:26:49", "text": "remain in the atmosphere for decades,"}, {"end": "00:26:58", "start": "00:26:51", "text": "leading to a significant risk of ozone"}, {"end": "00:27:00", "start": "00:26:54", "text": "depletion. So even the safe demise of"}, {"end": "00:27:02", "start": "00:26:58", "text": "these satellites can have some major"}, {"end": "00:27:04", "start": "00:27:00", "text": "environmental impacts. We've made some"}, {"end": "00:27:06", "start": "00:27:02", "text": "huge efforts towards protecting our"}, {"end": "00:27:08", "start": "00:27:04", "text": "ozone layer following the ban on"}, {"end": "00:27:11", "start": "00:27:06", "text": "chlorofluocarbons"}, {"end": "00:27:13", "start": "00:27:08", "text": "or CFC's back in 1979."}, {"end": "00:27:16", "start": "00:27:11", "text": "It would be a shame to see that effort"}, {"end": "00:27:18", "start": "00:27:13", "text": "go to waste because of some improper"}, {"end": "00:27:21", "start": "00:27:16", "text": "satellite disposal."}, {"end": "00:27:23", "start": "00:27:18", "text": "All in all, it's clear that there are"}, {"end": "00:27:25", "start": "00:27:21", "text": "some major concerns arising from our"}, {"end": "00:27:28", "start": "00:27:23", "text": "modern-day satellite use. These issues"}, {"end": "00:27:30", "start": "00:27:25", "text": "go beyond just Starlink and Star Shield."}, {"end": "00:27:33", "start": "00:27:28", "text": "But as a key player in this new space"}, {"end": "00:27:36", "start": "00:27:30", "text": "race, SpaceX will have a big role to"}, {"end": "00:27:39", "start": "00:27:33", "text": "play in deciding how to tackle them."}, {"end": "00:27:41", "start": "00:27:36", "text": "Given the risks, we need decisive action"}, {"end": "00:27:44", "start": "00:27:39", "text": "so that space can remain a viable domain"}, {"end": "00:27:46", "start": "00:27:41", "text": "for us to explore whilst hopefully"}, {"end": "00:27:49", "start": "00:27:44", "text": "maintaining the benefits that satellites"}, {"end": "00:27:49", "start": "00:27:46", "text": "can provide."}, {"end": "00:27:56", "start": "00:27:52", "text": "When we began research for this video,"}, {"end": "00:27:58", "start": "00:27:55", "text": "we merely thought it would be"}, {"end": "00:28:01", "start": "00:27:56", "text": "interesting to find out more about the"}, {"end": "00:28:03", "start": "00:27:58", "text": "Star Shield project. Military innovation"}, {"end": "00:28:05", "start": "00:28:01", "text": "in science and technology has helped to"}, {"end": "00:28:07", "start": "00:28:03", "text": "create many of the things we take for"}, {"end": "00:28:10", "start": "00:28:05", "text": "granted in our daily lives. From"}, {"end": "00:28:13", "start": "00:28:07", "text": "microwave ovens to duct tape and we are"}, {"end": "00:28:15", "start": "00:28:10", "text": "interested in all things space. Details"}, {"end": "00:28:18", "start": "00:28:13", "text": "on the inner workings of Star Shield and"}, {"end": "00:28:20", "start": "00:28:15", "text": "Starink have been hard to come by which"}, {"end": "00:28:23", "start": "00:28:18", "text": "is understandable since these satellites"}, {"end": "00:28:24", "start": "00:28:20", "text": "are currently playing an active role in"}, {"end": "00:28:27", "start": "00:28:23", "text": "several major conflicts around the"}, {"end": "00:28:29", "start": "00:28:24", "text": "globe. But it's no less important for us"}, {"end": "00:28:32", "start": "00:28:27", "text": "to know how this technology is being"}, {"end": "00:28:35", "start": "00:28:29", "text": "used and how it can play into our"}, {"end": "00:28:38", "start": "00:28:32", "text": "futures. Satellite production has become"}, {"end": "00:28:40", "start": "00:28:35", "text": "his own space race for the 21st century"}, {"end": "00:28:42", "start": "00:28:38", "text": "and for a whole host of players are"}, {"end": "00:28:46", "start": "00:28:40", "text": "trying to get a piece of the pie. The"}, {"end": "00:28:48", "start": "00:28:42", "text": "benefits can be huge for the economy,"}, {"end": "00:28:52", "start": "00:28:46", "text": "education, disaster recovery, social"}, {"end": "00:28:54", "start": "00:28:48", "text": "equality, and more. But given the"}, {"end": "00:28:56", "start": "00:28:52", "text": "growing influence of those wielding the"}, {"end": "00:28:59", "start": "00:28:54", "text": "control, it's worth carefully"}, {"end": "00:29:01", "start": "00:28:56", "text": "considering how their role will change"}, {"end": "00:29:04", "start": "00:28:59", "text": "as the line between corporate leadership"}, {"end": "00:29:08", "start": "00:29:01", "text": "and political influence continues to"}, {"end": "00:29:10", "start": "00:29:04", "text": "blur. Politics aside, satellites are"}, {"end": "00:29:13", "start": "00:29:08", "text": "shaping our planet's orbital zone, which"}, {"end": "00:29:16", "start": "00:29:10", "text": "itself is a finite resource. In our"}, {"end": "00:29:18", "start": "00:29:13", "text": "planet's low orbital zone, space is"}, {"end": "00:29:20", "start": "00:29:16", "text": "indeed limited, and without careful"}, {"end": "00:29:22", "start": "00:29:18", "text": "planning, we may reach a point where"}, {"end": "00:29:25", "start": "00:29:20", "text": "satellites are the only thing we ever"}, {"end": "00:29:27", "start": "00:29:22", "text": "launch into orbit again. My goal with"}, {"end": "00:29:30", "start": "00:29:25", "text": "Astramm has always been to make space"}, {"end": "00:29:32", "start": "00:29:27", "text": "accessible to everyone with these videos"}, {"end": "00:29:35", "start": "00:29:30", "text": "sharing the wonders of our universe and"}, {"end": "00:29:38", "start": "00:29:32", "text": "beyond. I'm just hoping that with these"}, {"end": "00:29:40", "start": "00:29:35", "text": "warnings in mind, SpaceX and other"}, {"end": "00:29:43", "start": "00:29:38", "text": "satellite operators will be able to"}, {"end": "00:29:44", "start": "00:29:40", "text": "achieve their goals whilst ensuring that"}, {"end": "00:29:48", "start": "00:29:43", "text": "the skies remain accessible for the"}, {"end": "00:29:51", "start": "00:29:44", "text": "generations to come. After all, what is"}, {"end": "00:29:55", "start": "00:29:48", "text": "space without room for our ambition to"}, {"end": "00:29:59", "start": "00:29:51", "text": "explore and understand it? So, thank you"}, {"end": "00:30:02", "start": "00:29:55", "text": "for watching and see you next time."}, {"end": "00:30:04", "start": "00:29:59", "text": "[Music]"}, {"end": "00:30:07", "start": "00:30:02", "text": "Thanks for watching and thanks to our"}, {"end": "00:30:09", "start": "00:30:04", "text": "crew of astronauts over at Patreon who"}, {"end": "00:30:11", "start": "00:30:07", "text": "help us make science knowledge freely"}, {"end": "00:30:13", "start": "00:30:09", "text": "available to everyone. Chasing the"}, {"end": "00:30:15", "start": "00:30:11", "text": "algorithm can be hit and miss sometimes,"}, {"end": "00:30:18", "start": "00:30:13", "text": "so your contributions help us keep"}, {"end": "00:30:20", "start": "00:30:15", "text": "making the content we love. And if you"}, {"end": "00:30:22", "start": "00:30:18", "text": "want to join the Patreon, there's never"}, {"end": "00:30:24", "start": "00:30:20", "text": "been a better time to get in on the"}, {"end": "00:30:26", "start": "00:30:22", "text": "party. Just sign up with the link in the"}, {"end": "00:30:28", "start": "00:30:24", "text": "description. When you join, you'll be"}, {"end": "00:30:30", "start": "00:30:26", "text": "able to watch the whole video ad free,"}, {"end": "00:30:33", "start": "00:30:28", "text": "see your name in the credits, and submit"}, {"end": "00:30:35", "start": "00:30:30", "text": "questions to our team. Meanwhile, click"}, {"end": "00:30:39", "start": "00:30:33", "text": "the link to this playlist for more"}, {"end": "00:30:39", "start": "00:30:35", "text": "Astramm content. I'll see you next time."}]

[{"end": "00:00:04", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "Astronomers have just spotted something"}, {"end": "00:00:06", "start": "00:00:02", "text": "really strange moving through our solar"}, {"end": "00:00:10", "start": "00:00:04", "text": "system and it seems to be coming our"}, {"end": "00:00:12", "start": "00:00:06", "text": "way. This mysterious object is believed"}, {"end": "00:00:15", "start": "00:00:10", "text": "to have come from outside our solar"}, {"end": "00:00:17", "start": "00:00:12", "text": "system, making it possibly only the"}, {"end": "00:00:20", "start": "00:00:15", "text": "third known interstellar visitor ever"}, {"end": "00:00:22", "start": "00:00:17", "text": "discovered. It's currently being called"}, {"end": "00:00:24", "start": "00:00:20", "text": "three I/Atlas"}, {"end": "00:00:27", "start": "00:00:22", "text": "and it was first seen in data collected"}, {"end": "00:00:30", "start": "00:00:24", "text": "between June 25th and June 29th by a"}, {"end": "00:00:33", "start": "00:00:27", "text": "system called Atlas. The asteroid"}, {"end": "00:00:36", "start": "00:00:30", "text": "terrestrial impact last alert system."}, {"end": "00:00:38", "start": "00:00:33", "text": "This system uses powerful telescopes in"}, {"end": "00:00:42", "start": "00:00:36", "text": "Hawaii and South Africa to scan the"}, {"end": "00:00:45", "start": "00:00:38", "text": "night sky automatically for any unusual"}, {"end": "00:00:47", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "or potentially dangerous space objects."}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "After the object was noticed, it was"}, {"end": "00:00:53", "start": "00:00:47", "text": "confirmed by experts at NASA's Center"}, {"end": "00:00:55", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "for Near Earth Object Studies. And the"}, {"end": "00:00:57", "start": "00:00:53", "text": "research team has now confirmed that"}, {"end": "00:01:00", "start": "00:00:55", "text": "this new interstellar object isn't a"}, {"end": "00:01:02", "start": "00:00:57", "text": "glitch or an error. It's real. What"}, {"end": "00:01:05", "start": "00:01:00", "text": "makes three/atlas"}, {"end": "00:01:08", "start": "00:01:02", "text": "so fascinating is its strange speed and"}, {"end": "00:01:11", "start": "00:01:05", "text": "unknown nature. Scientists still aren't"}, {"end": "00:01:14", "start": "00:01:08", "text": "sure what it actually is. It could be a"}, {"end": "00:01:17", "start": "00:01:11", "text": "comet, an asteroid, or maybe even"}, {"end": "00:01:20", "start": "00:01:14", "text": "something we've never seen before. One"}, {"end": "00:01:22", "start": "00:01:17", "text": "well-known astronomer, Avi Lo from"}, {"end": "00:01:24", "start": "00:01:20", "text": "Harvard University, who famously"}, {"end": "00:01:27", "start": "00:01:22", "text": "suggested that OmuA Mua might have been"}, {"end": "00:01:29", "start": "00:01:24", "text": "an alien probe has weighed in again."}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:27", "text": "This time he's suggesting that"}, {"end": "00:01:34", "start": "00:01:29", "text": "scientists use the powerful James Web"}, {"end": "00:01:37", "start": "00:01:32", "text": "Space Telescope to study this newly"}, {"end": "00:01:40", "start": "00:01:34", "text": "discovered interstellar object in more"}, {"end": "00:01:43", "start": "00:01:37", "text": "detail. He wants to look for signs of"}, {"end": "00:01:45", "start": "00:01:40", "text": "non-gravitational acceleration, which"}, {"end": "00:01:48", "start": "00:01:43", "text": "means movement that can't be explained"}, {"end": "00:01:51", "start": "00:01:45", "text": "just by gravity alone. If such a force"}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:48", "text": "is detected, it could hint at some kind"}, {"end": "00:01:56", "start": "00:01:51", "text": "of artificial propulsion. In other"}, {"end": "00:02:00", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "words, it might not be a natural object"}, {"end": "00:02:03", "start": "00:01:56", "text": "at all. In today's video, we'll explore"}, {"end": "00:02:06", "start": "00:02:00", "text": "this strange new interstellar object in"}, {"end": "00:02:08", "start": "00:02:03", "text": "detail. Where did it come from? How big"}, {"end": "00:02:10", "start": "00:02:06", "text": "is it? Where is it right now? And most"}, {"end": "00:02:12", "start": "00:02:08", "text": "importantly, could it be something"}, {"end": "00:02:14", "start": "00:02:10", "text": "artificial?"}, {"end": "00:02:16", "start": "00:02:12", "text": "On Tuesday, astronomers using a"}, {"end": "00:02:19", "start": "00:02:14", "text": "telescope in Chile spotted something"}, {"end": "00:02:22", "start": "00:02:16", "text": "strange in the sky. It looked like an"}, {"end": "00:02:24", "start": "00:02:19", "text": "unknown asteroid moving on a very"}, {"end": "00:02:27", "start": "00:02:22", "text": "unusual path, possibly coming close to"}, {"end": "00:02:30", "start": "00:02:24", "text": "Earth's orbit. At first, they called it"}, {"end": "00:02:33", "start": "00:02:27", "text": "a 11PL3Z."}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:30", "text": "But soon, things got more interesting."}, {"end": "00:02:38", "start": "00:02:33", "text": "Follow-up observations on July 1st and"}, {"end": "00:02:41", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "2nd showed that this object wasn't"}, {"end": "00:02:43", "start": "00:02:38", "text": "following a typical path. In fact, it"}, {"end": "00:02:45", "start": "00:02:41", "text": "might even be interstellar, meaning it"}, {"end": "00:02:48", "start": "00:02:43", "text": "could be coming from outside our solar"}, {"end": "00:02:51", "start": "00:02:45", "text": "system. Then, an amateur astronomer"}, {"end": "00:02:54", "start": "00:02:48", "text": "named Sam Dean made a breakthrough. He"}, {"end": "00:02:56", "start": "00:02:51", "text": "found the object in older photos taken"}, {"end": "00:02:58", "start": "00:02:54", "text": "by the Atlas telescope back in late"}, {"end": "00:03:01", "start": "00:02:56", "text": "June. Thanks to this discovery,"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:58", "text": "scientists were able to track the object"}, {"end": "00:03:06", "start": "00:03:01", "text": "better and calculate its path more"}, {"end": "00:03:08", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "accurately. By Wednesday evening, the"}, {"end": "00:03:10", "start": "00:03:06", "text": "Minor Planet Center, the group that"}, {"end": "00:03:13", "start": "00:03:08", "text": "keeps track of space objects, had"}, {"end": "00:03:16", "start": "00:03:10", "text": "received over 100 confirmed sightings"}, {"end": "00:03:18", "start": "00:03:13", "text": "from telescopes all around the world."}, {"end": "00:03:21", "start": "00:03:16", "text": "Some astronomers even reported that the"}, {"end": "00:03:23", "start": "00:03:18", "text": "object might be comet. With all this new"}, {"end": "00:03:27", "start": "00:03:21", "text": "information, the Minor Planet Center"}, {"end": "00:03:29", "start": "00:03:23", "text": "gave it an official name, three/Atlas,"}, {"end": "00:03:32", "start": "00:03:27", "text": "making it only the third interstellar"}, {"end": "00:03:34", "start": "00:03:29", "text": "object ever recorded. Paul Chas,"}, {"end": "00:03:37", "start": "00:03:32", "text": "director of the Center for Near-Earth"}, {"end": "00:03:40", "start": "00:03:34", "text": "Object Studies at NASA's Jet Propulsion"}, {"end": "00:03:42", "start": "00:03:37", "text": "Laboratory in California, said in a"}, {"end": "00:03:45", "start": "00:03:40", "text": "statement, \"This thing is traveling"}, {"end": "00:03:48", "start": "00:03:42", "text": "pretty fast. There's no uncertainty that"}, {"end": "00:03:50", "start": "00:03:45", "text": "the comet came from interstellar space."}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:48", "text": "If you trace its orbit backward, it"}, {"end": "00:03:54", "start": "00:03:50", "text": "seems to be coming from the center of"}, {"end": "00:03:57", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "the galaxy, more or less. It definitely"}, {"end": "00:03:59", "start": "00:03:54", "text": "came from another solar system. We don't"}, {"end": "00:04:01", "start": "00:03:57", "text": "know which one. At the moment, this"}, {"end": "00:04:04", "start": "00:03:59", "text": "object is moving through the solar"}, {"end": "00:04:07", "start": "00:04:01", "text": "system at an incredible speed of about"}, {"end": "00:04:10", "start": "00:04:04", "text": "152,000 mph."}, {"end": "00:04:13", "start": "00:04:07", "text": "It's currently about 3.8 times farther"}, {"end": "00:04:15", "start": "00:04:10", "text": "from the sun than Earth is. Its first"}, {"end": "00:04:18", "start": "00:04:13", "text": "close planetary encounter will be on"}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:15", "text": "October 3rd, 2025 when it passes near"}, {"end": "00:04:24", "start": "00:04:18", "text": "Mars. Then on October 23rd, it will"}, {"end": "00:04:26", "start": "00:04:22", "text": "reach its closest point to the sun,"}, {"end": "00:04:29", "start": "00:04:24", "text": "coming within twice the distance between"}, {"end": "00:04:31", "start": "00:04:26", "text": "Earth and the Sun. Earth, however, will"}, {"end": "00:04:33", "start": "00:04:29", "text": "be on the opposite side of the sun"}, {"end": "00:04:36", "start": "00:04:31", "text": "during this flyby. So there's no danger"}, {"end": "00:04:38", "start": "00:04:33", "text": "of the object coming anywhere near us."}, {"end": "00:04:41", "start": "00:04:36", "text": "Its closest approach to Earth is"}, {"end": "00:04:43", "start": "00:04:38", "text": "expected in December 2025,"}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:41", "text": "just as this interstellar object begins"}, {"end": "00:04:49", "start": "00:04:43", "text": "its journey out of our solar system for"}, {"end": "00:04:51", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "good. Well, three I/Atlas isn't the"}, {"end": "00:04:54", "start": "00:04:49", "text": "first interstellar visitor to baffle"}, {"end": "00:04:56", "start": "00:04:51", "text": "scientists. So far, only two"}, {"end": "00:04:58", "start": "00:04:54", "text": "interstellar objects have ever been"}, {"end": "00:05:01", "start": "00:04:56", "text": "confirmed, and both have left experts"}, {"end": "00:05:04", "start": "00:04:58", "text": "with more questions than answers. In"}, {"end": "00:05:07", "start": "00:05:01", "text": "2017, astronomers discovered an"}, {"end": "00:05:10", "start": "00:05:04", "text": "interstellar object named Umua Mua, the"}, {"end": "00:05:13", "start": "00:05:07", "text": "first of its kind ever observed. This"}, {"end": "00:05:15", "start": "00:05:10", "text": "elongated cigar-shaped object passed"}, {"end": "00:05:18", "start": "00:05:13", "text": "through our solar system at a high"}, {"end": "00:05:20", "start": "00:05:15", "text": "speed, puzzling scientists. Scientists"}, {"end": "00:05:23", "start": "00:05:18", "text": "were puzzled by Umuam Mua's nature. It's"}, {"end": "00:05:26", "start": "00:05:20", "text": "because when Umuam Mua moved away from"}, {"end": "00:05:29", "start": "00:05:23", "text": "the sun, it sped up slightly, which is"}, {"end": "00:05:32", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "unusual. Normally objects like asteroids"}, {"end": "00:05:35", "start": "00:05:29", "text": "or comets slow down due to gravity. But"}, {"end": "00:05:38", "start": "00:05:32", "text": "Umua Mua didn't behave like a typical"}, {"end": "00:05:40", "start": "00:05:35", "text": "comet either. It had no visible tail, no"}, {"end": "00:05:44", "start": "00:05:38", "text": "outgassing, and was shaped more like a"}, {"end": "00:05:47", "start": "00:05:40", "text": "long cigar or flat pancake. This strange"}, {"end": "00:05:50", "start": "00:05:44", "text": "acceleration puzzled scientists. Some"}, {"end": "00:05:52", "start": "00:05:47", "text": "proposed it could be natural, like gas"}, {"end": "00:05:55", "start": "00:05:50", "text": "escaping invisibly, but others like"}, {"end": "00:05:58", "start": "00:05:52", "text": "Harvard's Avi Loab even suggested it"}, {"end": "00:06:01", "start": "00:05:55", "text": "might be an alien spacecraft. Later in"}, {"end": "00:06:05", "start": "00:05:58", "text": "2019, another interstellar visitor"}, {"end": "00:06:07", "start": "00:06:01", "text": "Borosoft was observed. Unlike Umuam Mua,"}, {"end": "00:06:10", "start": "00:06:05", "text": "Borosoft was clearly a comet with a"}, {"end": "00:06:13", "start": "00:06:07", "text": "visible tail and composition resembling"}, {"end": "00:06:15", "start": "00:06:10", "text": "comets within our solar system. Its"}, {"end": "00:06:18", "start": "00:06:13", "text": "detection confirmed that interstellar"}, {"end": "00:06:20", "start": "00:06:15", "text": "objects are not one-off events, but"}, {"end": "00:06:22", "start": "00:06:18", "text": "might occur more frequently than"}, {"end": "00:06:25", "start": "00:06:20", "text": "previously thought. Following the"}, {"end": "00:06:27", "start": "00:06:22", "text": "discoveries of Umuam Mua and Borosoft,"}, {"end": "00:06:30", "start": "00:06:25", "text": "the newly detected object Atlas has now"}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:27", "text": "become the third confirmed interstellar"}, {"end": "00:06:36", "start": "00:06:30", "text": "visitor to enter our solar system. Right"}, {"end": "00:06:40", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "now, scientists aren't entirely sure how"}, {"end": "00:06:42", "start": "00:06:36", "text": "big this newly discovered object is."}, {"end": "00:06:45", "start": "00:06:40", "text": "However, Professor Ai Loeb recently"}, {"end": "00:06:48", "start": "00:06:42", "text": "pointed out that it's unusually bright,"}, {"end": "00:06:51", "start": "00:06:45", "text": "which could be a clue. He explained what"}, {"end": "00:06:53", "start": "00:06:48", "text": "accounts for its significant brightness."}, {"end": "00:06:56", "start": "00:06:51", "text": "If the surface were dark, like that of a"}, {"end": "00:07:00", "start": "00:06:53", "text": "rocky asteroid, it would have to be"}, {"end": "00:07:03", "start": "00:06:56", "text": "huge, around 12 m or 20 km wide to"}, {"end": "00:07:04", "start": "00:07:00", "text": "reflect this much light. If true, that"}, {"end": "00:07:07", "start": "00:07:03", "text": "would make it much larger than both"}, {"end": "00:07:10", "start": "00:07:04", "text": "Umuamua and Boris."}, {"end": "00:07:14", "start": "00:07:07", "text": "Before the discovery of Umuam Mua in"}, {"end": "00:07:16", "start": "00:07:10", "text": "2017, not a single interstellar object"}, {"end": "00:07:19", "start": "00:07:14", "text": "had ever been confirmed passing through"}, {"end": "00:07:22", "start": "00:07:16", "text": "our solar system. Now, within just a few"}, {"end": "00:07:24", "start": "00:07:19", "text": "years, we've identified three. Some"}, {"end": "00:07:27", "start": "00:07:22", "text": "scientists find this deeply puzzling."}, {"end": "00:07:29", "start": "00:07:24", "text": "After centuries of silence, why are we"}, {"end": "00:07:31", "start": "00:07:27", "text": "suddenly seeing these visitors from"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:29", "text": "other star systems? Could it be that"}, {"end": "00:07:37", "start": "00:07:31", "text": "such objects have always passed by, but"}, {"end": "00:07:39", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "we simply lacked the technology to"}, {"end": "00:07:42", "start": "00:07:37", "text": "detect them? Or is there something truly"}, {"end": "00:07:44", "start": "00:07:39", "text": "different about this recent wave? A few"}, {"end": "00:07:47", "start": "00:07:42", "text": "researchers have even proposed a bold"}, {"end": "00:07:50", "start": "00:07:44", "text": "idea that some of these objects may have"}, {"end": "00:07:53", "start": "00:07:47", "text": "artificial origins, possibly even probes"}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:50", "text": "from distant civilizations."}, {"end": "00:07:58", "start": "00:07:53", "text": "Their strange shapes, speeds, and"}, {"end": "00:08:00", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "unexplained movements fuel this"}, {"end": "00:08:04", "start": "00:07:58", "text": "speculation. Scientists will continue"}, {"end": "00:08:06", "start": "00:08:00", "text": "observing three I/Atlas over the coming"}, {"end": "00:08:08", "start": "00:08:04", "text": "weeks and months to learn more about its"}, {"end": "00:08:12", "start": "00:08:06", "text": "size, shape, and where it might have"}, {"end": "00:08:14", "start": "00:08:08", "text": "come from. Compared to when Umuwa Mua"}, {"end": "00:08:17", "start": "00:08:12", "text": "and Borosov passed by, today's"}, {"end": "00:08:19", "start": "00:08:14", "text": "telescopes and tracking systems are far"}, {"end": "00:08:22", "start": "00:08:17", "text": "more advanced, giving us a better chance"}, {"end": "00:08:25", "start": "00:08:19", "text": "to study this mysterious visitor in"}, {"end": "00:08:28", "start": "00:08:22", "text": "detail. In the near future, the Vera"}, {"end": "00:08:31", "start": "00:08:25", "text": "Rubin Observatory in Chile will begin"}, {"end": "00:08:33", "start": "00:08:28", "text": "scanning the entire sky every few days."}, {"end": "00:08:36", "start": "00:08:31", "text": "This powerful new observatory is"}, {"end": "00:08:38", "start": "00:08:33", "text": "expected to detect more interstellar"}, {"end": "00:08:41", "start": "00:08:36", "text": "objects, possibly even earlier in their"}, {"end": "00:08:44", "start": "00:08:38", "text": "journey, offering a clearer picture of"}, {"end": "00:08:46", "start": "00:08:41", "text": "how often these cosmic travelers pass"}, {"end": "00:08:48", "start": "00:08:44", "text": "through our solar system. At the end, I"}, {"end": "00:08:52", "start": "00:08:46", "text": "will say there's no reason to worry"}, {"end": "00:08:54", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "about three I/Atlas hitting Earth. It's"}, {"end": "00:08:57", "start": "00:08:52", "text": "just passing through, giving us a brief"}, {"end": "00:08:59", "start": "00:08:54", "text": "but exciting chance to observe a true"}, {"end": "00:09:01", "start": "00:08:57", "text": "visitor from another star system. If you"}, {"end": "00:09:04", "start": "00:08:59", "text": "enjoyed the video and want to support"}, {"end": "00:09:06", "start": "00:09:01", "text": "our work, you can do so by clicking"}, {"end": "00:09:09", "start": "00:09:04", "text": "super thanks or by grabbing one of our"}, {"end": "00:09:11", "start": "00:09:06", "text": "awesome t-shirts from our merch store."}, {"end": "00:09:13", "start": "00:09:09", "text": "Thanks so much for watching and a huge"}, {"end": "00:09:15", "start": "00:09:11", "text": "thank you to our channel members for"}, {"end": "00:09:18", "start": "00:09:13", "text": "your continued support. See you in the"}, {"end": "00:09:18", "start": "00:09:15", "text": "next video."}]

[{"end": "00:00:05", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "How worried should we be about white"}, {"end": "00:00:07", "start": "00:00:02", "text": "supremacy in America? My next guest is a"}, {"end": "00:00:10", "start": "00:00:05", "text": "retired FBI special agent who earned the"}, {"end": "00:00:13", "start": "00:00:07", "text": "title hillbilly Donnie Brasco for his"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:10", "text": "years of undercover work. He"}, {"end": "00:00:18", "start": "00:00:13", "text": "has buckle up for this. He has"}, {"end": "00:00:21", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "infiltrated the outlaws, joined the"}, {"end": "00:00:23", "start": "00:00:18", "text": "clan, got an uplose uh look at the new"}, {"end": "00:00:27", "start": "00:00:21", "text": "strain of white supremacy recruiting"}, {"end": "00:00:30", "start": "00:00:23", "text": "young American people. um story of"}, {"end": "00:00:32", "start": "00:00:27", "text": "murder plots, drugs, demons, pagan"}, {"end": "00:00:35", "start": "00:00:30", "text": "animal sacrifices, a story of him in the"}, {"end": "00:00:39", "start": "00:00:32", "text": "basement that you'll never forget."}, {"end": "00:00:42", "start": "00:00:35", "text": "But but he's telling now a story"}, {"end": "00:00:45", "start": "00:00:39", "text": "um from somebody who was undercover from"}, {"end": "00:00:48", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "the FBI when less Americans trust our"}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "FBI. So it begs the question, who is"}, {"end": "00:00:56", "start": "00:00:48", "text": "still looking out for"}, {"end": "00:00:56", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "you? You're going to be riveted. Scott"}, {"end": "00:01:10", "start": "00:00:57", "text": "[Music]"}, {"end": "00:01:12", "start": "00:01:07", "text": "Payne in reading your book. I don't know"}, {"end": "00:01:14", "start": "00:01:10", "text": "how you're not"}, {"end": "00:01:16", "start": "00:01:12", "text": "schizophrenic. I mean, honestly, I don't"}, {"end": "00:01:21", "start": "00:01:14", "text": "know how how did"}, {"end": "00:01:24", "start": "00:01:16", "text": "you how did you balance the two worlds?"}, {"end": "00:01:26", "start": "00:01:21", "text": "uh in the beginning not very well"}, {"end": "00:01:28", "start": "00:01:24", "text": "uh you know if you're doing like I"}, {"end": "00:01:31", "start": "00:01:26", "text": "started at a street we call it street"}, {"end": "00:01:33", "start": "00:01:28", "text": "level so you're doing street level buys"}, {"end": "00:01:36", "start": "00:01:31", "text": "you roll up you make a buy you know"}, {"end": "00:01:39", "start": "00:01:33", "text": "you're not deep undercover necessarily"}, {"end": "00:01:42", "start": "00:01:36", "text": "um but once I got in the FBI and then"}, {"end": "00:01:45", "start": "00:01:39", "text": "you're doing deep cover for long times"}, {"end": "00:01:49", "start": "00:01:42", "text": "long periods of time"}, {"end": "00:01:52", "start": "00:01:45", "text": "yeah the balance for me where I messed"}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:49", "text": "up really. It wasn't like a lot of"}, {"end": "00:01:55", "start": "00:01:52", "text": "people think, \"Hey, you're acting. I'm"}, {"end": "00:01:57", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "pretending to be somebody I'm not.\""}, {"end": "00:01:58", "start": "00:01:55", "text": "Yeah, I'm not a criminal, right? You"}, {"end": "00:02:01", "start": "00:01:57", "text": "know, of course, I'm not a white"}, {"end": "00:02:04", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "supremacist or, you know, uh a super"}, {"end": "00:02:07", "start": "00:02:01", "text": "violent person, you know, committing"}, {"end": "00:02:09", "start": "00:02:04", "text": "crimes, but I'm still me. I'm still"}, {"end": "00:02:14", "start": "00:02:07", "text": "Scott, you know. I'm uh Yeah. But is I"}, {"end": "00:02:14", "start": "00:02:09", "text": "mean, I was fascinated in in when you"}, {"end": "00:02:22", "start": "00:02:14", "text": "said the friendships are real. Yeah. I"}, {"end": "00:02:24", "start": "00:02:18", "text": "just betray them. Yeah. Yeah. And and"}, {"end": "00:02:28", "start": "00:02:22", "text": "you know there are times"}, {"end": "00:02:31", "start": "00:02:24", "text": "when you know one of the guys, you know,"}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:28", "text": "crying said, \"I love you, man.\" And that"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:31", "text": "that has to That one hurt. It had to."}, {"end": "00:02:41", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "Yeah, that one hurt. Tell that story."}, {"end": "00:02:44", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "Um, so I I did a a two-year case uh"}, {"end": "00:02:46", "start": "00:02:41", "text": "inside the Outlaws uh motorcycle club."}, {"end": "00:02:48", "start": "00:02:44", "text": "That's one of the big four 1enter clubs."}, {"end": "00:02:50", "start": "00:02:46", "text": "You got Hell's Angels, Outlaws, probably"}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:48", "text": "Bandidos, and then somebody else after"}, {"end": "00:02:57", "start": "00:02:50", "text": "that. Explain 1enters. Oh, sorry. Uh"}, {"end": "00:03:01", "start": "00:02:55", "text": "uh 1enters for the listeners uh or"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:57", "text": "viewers. Um 1enter comes, it came out"}, {"end": "00:03:06", "start": "00:03:01", "text": "around 1960. It was in it was during the"}, {"end": "00:03:08", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "Vietnam um war, but a lot of veterans"}, {"end": "00:03:11", "start": "00:03:06", "text": "were coming back and they were creating"}, {"end": "00:03:13", "start": "00:03:08", "text": "these biker clubs. and the president of"}, {"end": "00:03:17", "start": "00:03:11", "text": "the American Motorcycle Association came"}, {"end": "00:03:19", "start": "00:03:13", "text": "out and blasted this media thing, you"}, {"end": "00:03:22", "start": "00:03:17", "text": "know, marketing that said, \"Hey, listen."}, {"end": "00:03:25", "start": "00:03:19", "text": "99% of all motorcycle riders are good"}, {"end": "00:03:27", "start": "00:03:22", "text": "law-abiding citizens. It's only 1%'s"}, {"end": "00:03:29", "start": "00:03:25", "text": "this bad.\" And they took that as a badge"}, {"end": "00:03:30", "start": "00:03:27", "text": "of honor. And that's why you see those"}, {"end": "00:03:34", "start": "00:03:29", "text": "clubs, you'll see a diamond patch with"}, {"end": "00:03:37", "start": "00:03:30", "text": "the 1enter in it. But I've recently uh"}, {"end": "00:03:39", "start": "00:03:34", "text": "made the correlation that was kind of"}, {"end": "00:03:45", "start": "00:03:37", "text": "crazy to me because I did enjoy that"}, {"end": "00:03:48", "start": "00:03:39", "text": "lifestyle. I am a biker. Um but in law"}, {"end": "00:03:50", "start": "00:03:45", "text": "enforcement, it's 1% of law enforcement"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:48", "text": "that does undercover work, like deep"}, {"end": "00:03:54", "start": "00:03:50", "text": "undercover work. So I guess I'm still I"}, {"end": "00:03:58", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "guess I'm a 1enter in some point. But"}, {"end": "00:04:02", "start": "00:03:54", "text": "yeah. So So you're in the 1% Yes. club."}, {"end": "00:04:06", "start": "00:03:58", "text": "Um and what are you there to do? Well,"}, {"end": "00:04:07", "start": "00:04:02", "text": "the case starts usually on the long-term"}, {"end": "00:04:09", "start": "00:04:06", "text": "cases, like the case team's already been"}, {"end": "00:04:11", "start": "00:04:07", "text": "working it. I'm not up there. I wasn't"}, {"end": "00:04:13", "start": "00:04:09", "text": "in Boston. I was assigned to San Antonio"}, {"end": "00:04:15", "start": "00:04:11", "text": "division at that time. Um, but the case"}, {"end": "00:04:17", "start": "00:04:13", "text": "team works it. They get to the point to"}, {"end": "00:04:19", "start": "00:04:15", "text": "where they can actually maybe try to"}, {"end": "00:04:21", "start": "00:04:17", "text": "introduce an undercover and then we come"}, {"end": "00:04:23", "start": "00:04:19", "text": "in and we come up with a game plan and"}, {"end": "00:04:25", "start": "00:04:21", "text": "try to do that. They had a lot of"}, {"end": "00:04:27", "start": "00:04:23", "text": "evidence and and um uh through law"}, {"end": "00:04:30", "start": "00:04:25", "text": "enforcement activity that crimes were"}, {"end": "00:04:32", "start": "00:04:27", "text": "being committed, but is it enough to get"}, {"end": "00:04:34", "start": "00:04:30", "text": "a federal charge? is, you know, how do"}, {"end": "00:04:37", "start": "00:04:32", "text": "you know what they're what they're"}, {"end": "00:04:38", "start": "00:04:34", "text": "really doing deep within? And the"}, {"end": "00:04:40", "start": "00:04:37", "text": "undercover can give you that if you if"}, {"end": "00:04:43", "start": "00:04:38", "text": "it if it's a success, and ours was. So,"}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:40", "text": "I went in there for two years developing"}, {"end": "00:04:47", "start": "00:04:43", "text": "relationships and getting evidence of"}, {"end": "00:04:51", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "criminal activity. It started with them."}, {"end": "00:04:53", "start": "00:04:47", "text": "It started with like um uh insurance"}, {"end": "00:04:55", "start": "00:04:51", "text": "fraud. like they would they would report"}, {"end": "00:04:56", "start": "00:04:53", "text": "their car stolen and they would get"}, {"end": "00:04:59", "start": "00:04:55", "text": "their money from the insurance company,"}, {"end": "00:05:01", "start": "00:04:56", "text": "but I would buy the car or vehicle,"}, {"end": "00:05:04", "start": "00:04:59", "text": "truck, motorcycle from them at a stolen"}, {"end": "00:05:07", "start": "00:05:01", "text": "price. And then they they believed I was"}, {"end": "00:05:08", "start": "00:05:04", "text": "taking them to to Mexico cuz I was based"}, {"end": "00:05:11", "start": "00:05:07", "text": "out of I was based out of Macallen,"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:08", "text": "Texas. And uh and then that starts with"}, {"end": "00:05:15", "start": "00:05:11", "text": "that and then next thing you know, you"}, {"end": "00:05:19", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "start gaining more trust. Um, you start"}, {"end": "00:05:23", "start": "00:05:15", "text": "becoming uh you get more scrutinized as"}, {"end": "00:05:25", "start": "00:05:19", "text": "the as the circles open up and then they"}, {"end": "00:05:26", "start": "00:05:23", "text": "carjack somebody and they call me and"}, {"end": "00:05:28", "start": "00:05:25", "text": "they're like, \"Man, we need to get rid"}, {"end": "00:05:30", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "of this car. It is hot. We just took it"}, {"end": "00:05:31", "start": "00:05:28", "text": "from somebody at gunpoint, blah blah"}, {"end": "00:05:33", "start": "00:05:30", "text": "blah.\" And then they start talking about"}, {"end": "00:05:35", "start": "00:05:31", "text": "home invasions and then you're picking"}, {"end": "00:05:39", "start": "00:05:33", "text": "up some stuff on extortion and there's"}, {"end": "00:05:41", "start": "00:05:35", "text": "always dope deals. Um, and and that's we"}, {"end": "00:05:43", "start": "00:05:39", "text": "were building that case. You kind of go"}, {"end": "00:05:46", "start": "00:05:41", "text": "where the case takes you. But back to"}, {"end": "00:05:48", "start": "00:05:43", "text": "your original question is you you do"}, {"end": "00:05:51", "start": "00:05:46", "text": "develop friendships. Now don't get me"}, {"end": "00:05:54", "start": "00:05:48", "text": "wrong on some cases. I mean like am I"}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:51", "text": "really can I really bond with a violent"}, {"end": "00:05:59", "start": "00:05:54", "text": "white supremacist? Yeah. Yeah. No, I I"}, {"end": "00:06:03", "start": "00:05:57", "text": "mean I can try to find something to talk"}, {"end": "00:06:05", "start": "00:05:59", "text": "about, but um but on some cases and"}, {"end": "00:06:07", "start": "00:06:03", "text": "especially that one uh you can develop"}, {"end": "00:06:10", "start": "00:06:05", "text": "some pretty close relationships and I"}, {"end": "00:06:12", "start": "00:06:07", "text": "did uh over that two-year period."}, {"end": "00:06:15", "start": "00:06:10", "text": "Is"}, {"end": "00:06:17", "start": "00:06:12", "text": "it I I and and maybe I'm just really"}, {"end": "00:06:20", "start": "00:06:15", "text": "naive, but I I"}, {"end": "00:06:24", "start": "00:06:17", "text": "I meet people who are supposedly, you"}, {"end": "00:06:27", "start": "00:06:20", "text": "know, horrendous one way or another. And"}, {"end": "00:06:30", "start": "00:06:24", "text": "I can I feel as though I can see who"}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:27", "text": "they actually are, not who they were"}, {"end": "00:06:34", "start": "00:06:30", "text": "born to be, who who they really are, you"}, {"end": "00:06:37", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "know, without all the crap of their"}, {"end": "00:06:40", "start": "00:06:34", "text": "life. Do you is that what you bond with?"}, {"end": "00:06:43", "start": "00:06:37", "text": "Do you see that? sometimes like good"}, {"end": "00:06:47", "start": "00:06:40", "text": "things and really bad people. Sometimes."}, {"end": "00:06:51", "start": "00:06:43", "text": "Absolutely. I I um I mean I'm I'm a"}, {"end": "00:06:53", "start": "00:06:47", "text": "human. Yeah. Uh but yeah, you can look a"}, {"end": "00:06:55", "start": "00:06:51", "text": "lot of times. It's not every case, but"}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:53", "text": "there's been numerous times where I've"}, {"end": "00:06:58", "start": "00:06:55", "text": "looked and me looking at it through my"}, {"end": "00:07:00", "start": "00:06:57", "text": "eyes, I'm going, \"Well, that could have"}, {"end": "00:07:02", "start": "00:06:58", "text": "been me. Um they grew up in this"}, {"end": "00:07:04", "start": "00:07:00", "text": "environment. Something happened here and"}, {"end": "00:07:06", "start": "00:07:02", "text": "they chose this way.\" When that at that"}, {"end": "00:07:07", "start": "00:07:04", "text": "proverbial fork in the road, I chose"}, {"end": "00:07:09", "start": "00:07:06", "text": "this way. But that could have easily"}, {"end": "00:07:13", "start": "00:07:07", "text": "been me. How many of these people do you"}, {"end": "00:07:16", "start": "00:07:09", "text": "meet and and they're just like evil to"}, {"end": "00:07:18", "start": "00:07:13", "text": "the core? Oh, a lot. Yeah. I mean, so"}, {"end": "00:07:20", "start": "00:07:16", "text": "how do you deal with that? How do you"}, {"end": "00:07:22", "start": "00:07:18", "text": "stay in a room? I watch these mo, you"}, {"end": "00:07:24", "start": "00:07:20", "text": "know, I watch movies of people who are"}, {"end": "00:07:26", "start": "00:07:22", "text": "undercover, you know, even like, you"}, {"end": "00:07:28", "start": "00:07:24", "text": "know, Mission Impossible and I'm a"}, {"end": "00:07:30", "start": "00:07:26", "text": "peripheral character going, I could"}, {"end": "00:07:33", "start": "00:07:28", "text": "never do that. I would freak out of my"}, {"end": "00:07:37", "start": "00:07:30", "text": "mind. How do you how do you stay in a"}, {"end": "00:07:39", "start": "00:07:33", "text": "room full of just what you know is evil?"}, {"end": "00:07:41", "start": "00:07:37", "text": "How does that happen? What do you do to"}, {"end": "00:07:43", "start": "00:07:39", "text": "turn off? Well, that's a good question."}, {"end": "00:07:46", "start": "00:07:41", "text": "I'm You're asking me and what's popping"}, {"end": "00:07:47", "start": "00:07:43", "text": "in my head is I'm just in work mode, you"}, {"end": "00:07:50", "start": "00:07:46", "text": "know? Uh I mean, I know I've got a job"}, {"end": "00:07:53", "start": "00:07:47", "text": "to do. I know I'm there, but it"}, {"end": "00:07:55", "start": "00:07:50", "text": "essentially the job is to to find out. I"}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:53", "text": "mean, we're being proactive most of the"}, {"end": "00:07:59", "start": "00:07:55", "text": "time in these cases. You're not"}, {"end": "00:08:01", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "reactive. You're you're being proactive."}, {"end": "00:08:03", "start": "00:07:59", "text": "You've got reporting possibly of some"}, {"end": "00:08:05", "start": "00:08:01", "text": "bad things happening, but let's just"}, {"end": "00:08:07", "start": "00:08:03", "text": "take the white supremacy stuff and and"}, {"end": "00:08:09", "start": "00:08:05", "text": "that kind of rhetoric under the First"}, {"end": "00:08:11", "start": "00:08:07", "text": "Amendment freedom of speech protection,"}, {"end": "00:08:13", "start": "00:08:09", "text": "right? So, you go in there and maybe"}, {"end": "00:08:14", "start": "00:08:11", "text": "after 5 months, you find out they're not"}, {"end": "00:08:18", "start": "00:08:13", "text": "doing anything illegal. So, I'm kind of"}, {"end": "00:08:19", "start": "00:08:14", "text": "in work mode, but don't get me wrong, I"}, {"end": "00:08:21", "start": "00:08:18", "text": "mean, when I'm sitting across the table"}, {"end": "00:08:24", "start": "00:08:19", "text": "from a pedophile who's hiring me to kill"}, {"end": "00:08:26", "start": "00:08:21", "text": "the kid that he molested,"}, {"end": "00:08:28", "start": "00:08:24", "text": "I have to I mean, I have to Maybe that"}, {"end": "00:08:30", "start": "00:08:26", "text": "is acting right there. Maybe because We"}, {"end": "00:08:32", "start": "00:08:28", "text": "don't we don't say it's acting and and"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:30", "text": "we don't call it an acting school. I'm"}, {"end": "00:08:37", "start": "00:08:32", "text": "using what what I know about me and and"}, {"end": "00:08:38", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "I'm just you got to be using"}, {"end": "00:08:41", "start": "00:08:37", "text": "personifying that. But yeah, when you're"}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:38", "text": "sitting across from a even as a even as"}, {"end": "00:08:45", "start": "00:08:41", "text": "an agent, not just as an undercover, but"}, {"end": "00:08:46", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "even as a case agent and you're working"}, {"end": "00:08:49", "start": "00:08:45", "text": "those types of cases and you're seeing"}, {"end": "00:08:50", "start": "00:08:46", "text": "the hard the horrific things and there's"}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:49", "text": "a lot of people out there that just"}, {"end": "00:08:56", "start": "00:08:50", "text": "don't know how evil the world can be or"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "is. Yeah. And and I get it. I mean,"}, {"end": "00:09:00", "start": "00:08:56", "text": "maybe their brain doesn't let them deal"}, {"end": "00:09:01", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "with that. I got family members, they"}, {"end": "00:09:03", "start": "00:09:00", "text": "can't deal with it. You know, you see"}, {"end": "00:09:04", "start": "00:09:01", "text": "something and they're like, \"Oh my gosh,"}, {"end": "00:09:05", "start": "00:09:03", "text": "how can something like that happen?\" And"}, {"end": "00:09:09", "start": "00:09:04", "text": "I'm like, \"Well, you don't even know the"}, {"end": "00:09:11", "start": "00:09:05", "text": "half of it.\" But I am an optimist and"}, {"end": "00:09:12", "start": "00:09:09", "text": "I'm a glasses half full guy and my faith"}, {"end": "00:09:14", "start": "00:09:11", "text": "has carried me through a lot of things."}, {"end": "00:09:17", "start": "00:09:12", "text": "And what is the role of faith that that"}, {"end": "00:09:18", "start": "00:09:14", "text": "I mean because I and I was so glad to"}, {"end": "00:09:22", "start": "00:09:17", "text": "see this in your book. you make big deal"}, {"end": "00:09:23", "start": "00:09:18", "text": "out of faith and um"}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:22", "text": "I haven't really seen that covered on on"}, {"end": "00:09:28", "start": "00:09:23", "text": "other podcasts with you and I think I"}, {"end": "00:09:31", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "think that's so critical here because"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:28", "text": "you I I want to later go into what the"}, {"end": "00:09:36", "start": "00:09:31", "text": "dark side of the stuff that you have"}, {"end": "00:09:39", "start": "00:09:33", "text": "seen that is you know on the horizon"}, {"end": "00:09:42", "start": "00:09:36", "text": "with the kind of the new brand of really"}, {"end": "00:09:45", "start": "00:09:39", "text": "bad people but tell me about faith tell"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:42", "text": "me about your faith when you were young"}, {"end": "00:09:52", "start": "00:09:45", "text": "how did you grow up what happened so I"}, {"end": "00:09:53", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "grew up in a Christian home. Um it was a"}, {"end": "00:09:55", "start": "00:09:52", "text": "it was more Southern Baptist when where"}, {"end": "00:09:57", "start": "00:09:53", "text": "when I grew up. It was the hellfire and"}, {"end": "00:10:00", "start": "00:09:55", "text": "brimstone, you know, don't do this,"}, {"end": "00:10:01", "start": "00:09:57", "text": "don't do that. And then and then usually"}, {"end": "00:10:04", "start": "00:10:00", "text": "that's the person you find doing it"}, {"end": "00:10:06", "start": "00:10:01", "text": "anyway. Which is I'm like that's human"}, {"end": "00:10:09", "start": "00:10:04", "text": "stuff, right? I'm like, well, you know,"}, {"end": "00:10:11", "start": "00:10:06", "text": "you're on the front line now. I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:10:14", "start": "00:10:09", "text": "yeah, I didn't want it till you told me"}, {"end": "00:10:16", "start": "00:10:11", "text": "I couldn't have it, you know? Uh, but I"}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:14", "text": "grew up that way and it was just what I"}, {"end": "00:10:20", "start": "00:10:16", "text": "was the way I was raised by my parents"}, {"end": "00:10:21", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "and the love and my whole family. I"}, {"end": "00:10:27", "start": "00:10:20", "text": "mean, both of my grandfathers were"}, {"end": "00:10:29", "start": "00:10:21", "text": "pastors. Wow. Um, and and uh I saw Did I"}, {"end": "00:10:33", "start": "00:10:27", "text": "see I'm pretty sure I saw my mom's dad"}, {"end": "00:10:34", "start": "00:10:29", "text": "preach a few times. Um, but he would get"}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:33", "text": "a shout out on the Gaithers. You know,"}, {"end": "00:10:38", "start": "00:10:34", "text": "they talk about being at a tent revival"}, {"end": "00:10:40", "start": "00:10:36", "text": "in South Carolina and you're like, \"Ah,"}, {"end": "00:10:42", "start": "00:10:38", "text": "that's my grandpa.\" Wow. But, um, that's"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:40", "text": "what I grew up around. Does that mean I"}, {"end": "00:10:46", "start": "00:10:42", "text": "stayed that way? Absolutely not. But you"}, {"end": "00:10:48", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "had a brush with darkness. Oh, big time."}, {"end": "00:10:51", "start": "00:10:46", "text": "Yeah. I uh my first seven years of"}, {"end": "00:10:53", "start": "00:10:48", "text": "school was at a Christian school. Um my"}, {"end": "00:10:56", "start": "00:10:51", "text": "parents were doing well enough to put me"}, {"end": "00:10:58", "start": "00:10:53", "text": "in a private school. Um which had its"}, {"end": "00:11:02", "start": "00:10:56", "text": "own issues when I went to public school"}, {"end": "00:11:04", "start": "00:10:58", "text": "in 8th grade. You know, I was like uh"}, {"end": "00:11:07", "start": "00:11:02", "text": "just to say peer pressure was a new"}, {"end": "00:11:08", "start": "00:11:04", "text": "thing for me. You know, uh you know,"}, {"end": "00:11:09", "start": "00:11:07", "text": "it's wrong to do it, but if somebody"}, {"end": "00:11:12", "start": "00:11:08", "text": "calls you a chicken, you're like, well,"}, {"end": "00:11:14", "start": "00:11:09", "text": "I'm not a chicken. I mean, you know what"}, {"end": "00:11:17", "start": "00:11:12", "text": "I mean? I mean, I know I'm going to get"}, {"end": "00:11:19", "start": "00:11:14", "text": "expelled if I do this, but I might be a"}, {"end": "00:11:21", "start": "00:11:17", "text": "lot of things, but I'm not a chicken."}, {"end": "00:11:23", "start": "00:11:19", "text": "Uh, I think I learned a lesson. I think"}, {"end": "00:11:28", "start": "00:11:21", "text": "it was in Back to the Future two or"}, {"end": "00:11:31", "start": "00:11:23", "text": "three. Yeah. Yeah. Chicken thing. Um, so"}, {"end": "00:11:32", "start": "00:11:28", "text": "in my teenage years, I did and and I put"}, {"end": "00:11:34", "start": "00:11:31", "text": "this in the book. I I went through a"}, {"end": "00:11:37", "start": "00:11:32", "text": "little spell of"}, {"end": "00:11:39", "start": "00:11:34", "text": "uh uh it started with like witchcraft"}, {"end": "00:11:41", "start": "00:11:37", "text": "stuff and then it led into like just you"}, {"end": "00:11:44", "start": "00:11:39", "text": "were you were Yeah. Yeah. like a friend."}, {"end": "00:11:47", "start": "00:11:41", "text": "I always air quotes my friend introduced"}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:44", "text": "me. Um and it starts kind of innocent"}, {"end": "00:11:52", "start": "00:11:47", "text": "and stupid, but it I ended up just going"}, {"end": "00:11:54", "start": "00:11:50", "text": "into full-blown Satan worshiping, you"}, {"end": "00:11:56", "start": "00:11:52", "text": "know, wanting to sign a contract in"}, {"end": "00:12:00", "start": "00:11:54", "text": "blood and all this crazy stuff. I"}, {"end": "00:12:02", "start": "00:11:56", "text": "watched um every horror movie from A to"}, {"end": "00:12:04", "start": "00:12:00", "text": "Z that was out, you know, at the when"}, {"end": "00:12:08", "start": "00:12:02", "text": "you could go rent movies. Yeah. On a VCR"}, {"end": "00:12:10", "start": "00:12:04", "text": "tape. Um and I was just in a real dark"}, {"end": "00:12:11", "start": "00:12:08", "text": "place. I didn't realize at the time, of"}, {"end": "00:12:12", "start": "00:12:10", "text": "course I didn't. I was a teenager. But"}, {"end": "00:12:15", "start": "00:12:11", "text": "when you get older and you look back,"}, {"end": "00:12:18", "start": "00:12:12", "text": "I'm like, \"Oh man, my parents had gotten"}, {"end": "00:12:20", "start": "00:12:15", "text": "divorced and that, you know, that hey,"}, {"end": "00:12:22", "start": "00:12:18", "text": "are you okay with this?\" Cuz I I'd never"}, {"end": "00:12:24", "start": "00:12:20", "text": "seen my parents argue at all. But that"}, {"end": "00:12:26", "start": "00:12:22", "text": "last year, that last year they argued"}, {"end": "00:12:27", "start": "00:12:24", "text": "non-stop and then they got a divorce."}, {"end": "00:12:30", "start": "00:12:26", "text": "They got separated and then they got a"}, {"end": "00:12:32", "start": "00:12:27", "text": "divorce. And looking back, I could see"}, {"end": "00:12:33", "start": "00:12:30", "text": "that, you know, it's like, \"Hey, are you"}, {"end": "00:12:34", "start": "00:12:32", "text": "okay with this?\" \"Yeah, I don't care.\""}, {"end": "00:12:36", "start": "00:12:33", "text": "\"Yeah, I don't care.\" I was probably"}, {"end": "00:12:38", "start": "00:12:34", "text": "saying something else, a little more a"}, {"end": "00:12:41", "start": "00:12:36", "text": "little more vulgar in my mind, you know,"}, {"end": "00:12:42", "start": "00:12:38", "text": "I don't, you know, but that went into"}, {"end": "00:12:45", "start": "00:12:41", "text": "everything I did. I started and that's"}, {"end": "00:12:47", "start": "00:12:42", "text": "kind of like I don't care. And it kind"}, {"end": "00:12:51", "start": "00:12:45", "text": "of goes, it doesn't kind of go, it goes"}, {"end": "00:12:54", "start": "00:12:47", "text": "with, if you look at gangs, cults,"}, {"end": "00:12:57", "start": "00:12:51", "text": "um, extremism, whether it's far left,"}, {"end": "00:12:59", "start": "00:12:54", "text": "far right, radical jihad, they kind of,"}, {"end": "00:13:02", "start": "00:12:57", "text": "you'll see this thing where they're"}, {"end": "00:13:06", "start": "00:12:59", "text": "grabbing somebody who has a need to"}, {"end": "00:13:09", "start": "00:13:02", "text": "belong. Um, wants to fit in. Maybe even"}, {"end": "00:13:11", "start": "00:13:06", "text": "as a young man, you want power and and"}, {"end": "00:13:13", "start": "00:13:09", "text": "you you that's kind of that's that"}, {"end": "00:13:15", "start": "00:13:11", "text": "slippery slope that led me down that"}, {"end": "00:13:18", "start": "00:13:13", "text": "path. And then as I tell the story in"}, {"end": "00:13:20", "start": "00:13:15", "text": "the book, I'm I'm still unbelievable"}, {"end": "00:13:22", "start": "00:13:18", "text": "friends with my core high school group."}, {"end": "00:13:24", "start": "00:13:20", "text": "And the only thing we can chalk it up to"}, {"end": "00:13:26", "start": "00:13:22", "text": "is that it's everything we went through"}, {"end": "00:13:30", "start": "00:13:24", "text": "growing up that kind of made us keep"}, {"end": "00:13:32", "start": "00:13:26", "text": "this bond. Um but uh one of my buddies"}, {"end": "00:13:36", "start": "00:13:30", "text": "uh was there. We we were drinking one"}, {"end": "00:13:38", "start": "00:13:32", "text": "night and I'd gone to this fullfledged"}, {"end": "00:13:42", "start": "00:13:36", "text": "deal where I'm just talking in demon"}, {"end": "00:13:44", "start": "00:13:38", "text": "voices. I was losing friends. Uh I I was"}, {"end": "00:13:46", "start": "00:13:42", "text": "just it was just evil, man. I I would"}, {"end": "00:13:48", "start": "00:13:44", "text": "like I had a Volkswagen, oddly enough,"}, {"end": "00:13:51", "start": "00:13:46", "text": "for my first vehicle. They do have good"}, {"end": "00:13:53", "start": "00:13:48", "text": "headroom. You don't seem like the"}, {"end": "00:13:55", "start": "00:13:51", "text": "Volkswagen Beetle? Yeah. Yeah. You don't"}, {"end": "00:13:57", "start": "00:13:53", "text": "seem like the Beetle. Did you have the"}, {"end": "00:14:00", "start": "00:13:55", "text": "little flower in the back? No, they"}, {"end": "00:14:02", "start": "00:13:57", "text": "didn't do that then. This is a 1971, I"}, {"end": "00:14:04", "start": "00:14:00", "text": "think. So, yeah. But, uh, it's solid"}, {"end": "00:14:06", "start": "00:14:02", "text": "white with with chrome rims. Yeah. You"}, {"end": "00:14:07", "start": "00:14:04", "text": "know, doesn't matter what the body looks"}, {"end": "00:14:10", "start": "00:14:06", "text": "like as long as you got good tires on"}, {"end": "00:14:12", "start": "00:14:07", "text": "it. Um, but, uh, the the place that"}, {"end": "00:14:16", "start": "00:14:10", "text": "worked on the car was a Christian"}, {"end": "00:14:18", "start": "00:14:12", "text": "workshop and and I would set the tape,"}, {"end": "00:14:20", "start": "00:14:16", "text": "say the band's Grim Reaper, and then"}, {"end": "00:14:23", "start": "00:14:18", "text": "somewhere in there in that '8s satanic,"}, {"end": "00:14:26", "start": "00:14:20", "text": "you know, pentagram stuff, there'll be"}, {"end": "00:14:27", "start": "00:14:23", "text": "some demonic speak. And I would set the"}, {"end": "00:14:29", "start": "00:14:26", "text": "cassette to where when they crank the"}, {"end": "00:14:30", "start": "00:14:27", "text": "car, it would just be blaring because"}, {"end": "00:14:32", "start": "00:14:29", "text": "you could do that back then. and it"}, {"end": "00:14:34", "start": "00:14:30", "text": "would be blaring that stuff. It's just"}, {"end": "00:14:37", "start": "00:14:32", "text": "evil. It's just I mean I was just being"}, {"end": "00:14:41", "start": "00:14:34", "text": "I was not cool and I was shooting"}, {"end": "00:14:45", "start": "00:14:37", "text": "everything in my backyard. I wasn't I it"}, {"end": "00:14:47", "start": "00:14:41", "text": "it wasn't good. And uh one night I'd"}, {"end": "00:14:50", "start": "00:14:45", "text": "started doing these like skits if you"}, {"end": "00:14:51", "start": "00:14:47", "text": "want to call them that. But I would like"}, {"end": "00:14:53", "start": "00:14:50", "text": "I was acting out a scene that I'd seen"}, {"end": "00:14:55", "start": "00:14:51", "text": "in the movie where it's a demonic"}, {"end": "00:14:57", "start": "00:14:53", "text": "possession and you were with people or"}, {"end": "00:14:58", "start": "00:14:55", "text": "you Yeah, we we'd had a party and we"}, {"end": "00:15:00", "start": "00:14:57", "text": "were at somebody's house. I don't"}, {"end": "00:15:02", "start": "00:14:58", "text": "remember the name. I can see the guy. I"}, {"end": "00:15:05", "start": "00:15:00", "text": "can't remember his name. I didn't drive"}, {"end": "00:15:07", "start": "00:15:02", "text": "there that night. So, just alcohol, no"}, {"end": "00:15:11", "start": "00:15:05", "text": "psychedelics, nothing to hallucinate or"}, {"end": "00:15:14", "start": "00:15:07", "text": "nothing like that. And uh and I was"}, {"end": "00:15:15", "start": "00:15:11", "text": "doing uh the thing I was we were in the"}, {"end": "00:15:17", "start": "00:15:14", "text": "same room. It was my buddy and his"}, {"end": "00:15:19", "start": "00:15:15", "text": "girlfriend and I was on a couch. Um"}, {"end": "00:15:20", "start": "00:15:17", "text": "nothing nefarious happened. Everybody,"}, {"end": "00:15:21", "start": "00:15:19", "text": "at least I didn't think it was, you"}, {"end": "00:15:24", "start": "00:15:20", "text": "know, everybody's passing out. But I'm"}, {"end": "00:15:26", "start": "00:15:21", "text": "doing this scene in my head where uh"}, {"end": "00:15:28", "start": "00:15:24", "text": "that I'd seen in the movie and and you"}, {"end": "00:15:30", "start": "00:15:26", "text": "talk like yourself and you're screaming"}, {"end": "00:15:31", "start": "00:15:28", "text": "no no no and then you laugh like the"}, {"end": "00:15:34", "start": "00:15:30", "text": "demon and you talk like that and I was"}, {"end": "00:15:37", "start": "00:15:31", "text": "going back and forth doing this I don't"}, {"end": "00:15:40", "start": "00:15:34", "text": "know play if you will and uh it ends"}, {"end": "00:15:41", "start": "00:15:37", "text": "with the demon winning and the demon"}, {"end": "00:15:44", "start": "00:15:40", "text": "taking over your body and I was facing"}, {"end": "00:15:46", "start": "00:15:41", "text": "the back of the couch and when I rolled"}, {"end": "00:15:49", "start": "00:15:44", "text": "over laughing like the demon or the"}, {"end": "00:15:53", "start": "00:15:46", "text": "satanic whatever possession when I"}, {"end": "00:15:56", "start": "00:15:49", "text": "rolled over what I saw was all red like"}, {"end": "00:15:59", "start": "00:15:53", "text": "a watery image and it was a demon"}, {"end": "00:16:01", "start": "00:15:56", "text": "looking at me smiling with his crooked"}, {"end": "00:16:04", "start": "00:15:59", "text": "finger and nails and looking at me and"}, {"end": "00:16:08", "start": "00:16:01", "text": "giving me the kamir and and I"}, {"end": "00:16:10", "start": "00:16:04", "text": "screamed I laugh now cuz I'm 54. But I I"}, {"end": "00:16:13", "start": "00:16:08", "text": "screamed probably the highest I've ever"}, {"end": "00:16:14", "start": "00:16:10", "text": "screamed. And from just me reaching like"}, {"end": "00:16:16", "start": "00:16:13", "text": "sitting up on the couch and reaching for"}, {"end": "00:16:20", "start": "00:16:14", "text": "the light switch, I was as white as a"}, {"end": "00:16:22", "start": "00:16:16", "text": "sheet. I was panting uh pouring sweat."}, {"end": "00:16:25", "start": "00:16:20", "text": "Of course, my buddy jumps up like, \"What"}, {"end": "00:16:27", "start": "00:16:22", "text": "the heck is going on?\" You know? And I"}, {"end": "00:16:30", "start": "00:16:25", "text": "looked at him and I said, \"Man, if I"}, {"end": "00:16:33", "start": "00:16:27", "text": "ever do that again, if I ever use that"}, {"end": "00:16:34", "start": "00:16:30", "text": "voice or even do this again, you got my"}, {"end": "00:16:36", "start": "00:16:33", "text": "permission to take a baseball bat and"}, {"end": "00:16:38", "start": "00:16:34", "text": "crack me over the skull with it or"}, {"end": "00:16:40", "start": "00:16:36", "text": "something to that effect.\" He got"}, {"end": "00:16:42", "start": "00:16:38", "text": "completely calm, Glenn. It was like the"}, {"end": "00:16:44", "start": "00:16:40", "text": "spirit just entered the room. He just"}, {"end": "00:16:45", "start": "00:16:42", "text": "everything just went and he looked at me"}, {"end": "00:16:46", "start": "00:16:44", "text": "and I don't even know if he remembers"}, {"end": "00:16:49", "start": "00:16:45", "text": "saying it because I think it was the"}, {"end": "00:16:51", "start": "00:16:46", "text": "spirit. He looked at me and he leaned in"}, {"end": "00:16:54", "start": "00:16:49", "text": "as if he knew what I'd seen and he said,"}, {"end": "00:16:57", "start": "00:16:51", "text": "\"I told you, didn't I?\" That was it. I"}, {"end": "00:16:58", "start": "00:16:54", "text": "didn't sleep. I walked to church. I"}, {"end": "00:17:01", "start": "00:16:57", "text": "don't know how many miles it was. That"}, {"end": "00:17:02", "start": "00:16:58", "text": "was a Saturday night. And I walked to"}, {"end": "00:17:03", "start": "00:17:01", "text": "Edwards Road Baptist Church in"}, {"end": "00:17:06", "start": "00:17:02", "text": "Greenville, South Carolina. And I think"}, {"end": "00:17:08", "start": "00:17:03", "text": "I sat through every service. I would"}, {"end": "00:17:10", "start": "00:17:06", "text": "have too. That was it. That was it for"}, {"end": "00:17:13", "start": "00:17:08", "text": "the demonic stuff for me. What did he"}, {"end": "00:17:15", "start": "00:17:10", "text": "mean by I told you?"}, {"end": "00:17:17", "start": "00:17:13", "text": "I think early on he he had said like,"}, {"end": "00:17:20", "start": "00:17:15", "text": "\"Man, you need to stop that crap. You"}, {"end": "00:17:22", "start": "00:17:17", "text": "know, you're scared.\" He was not part of"}, {"end": "00:17:23", "start": "00:17:20", "text": "No. Oh, okay. He was just He was one of"}, {"end": "00:17:26", "start": "00:17:22", "text": "the friends I was losing because I was"}, {"end": "00:17:29", "start": "00:17:23", "text": "going into such a dark place. And then,"}, {"end": "00:17:32", "start": "00:17:26", "text": "you know, throughout my my life, have I"}, {"end": "00:17:36", "start": "00:17:29", "text": "seen uh demonic stuff? Yeah. Have I seen"}, {"end": "00:17:39", "start": "00:17:32", "text": "Have I like Have I had to go to a a a"}, {"end": "00:17:43", "start": "00:17:36", "text": "satanic concert festival for three days?"}, {"end": "00:17:45", "start": "00:17:39", "text": "How do you do it? Uh, I'm very"}, {"end": "00:17:47", "start": "00:17:43", "text": "transparently it's because they had Jack"}, {"end": "00:17:51", "start": "00:17:45", "text": "Daniels there. That's that's the only"}, {"end": "00:17:52", "start": "00:17:47", "text": "way I I said I said as an alcoholic I"}, {"end": "00:17:54", "start": "00:17:51", "text": "can appreciate it. You know, I'm like"}, {"end": "00:17:56", "start": "00:17:52", "text": "I'm like it's at a bar, right? And"}, {"end": "00:17:58", "start": "00:17:54", "text": "they're like, \"Yeah.\" And I go, \"Do they"}, {"end": "00:18:00", "start": "00:17:56", "text": "serve whiskey?\" And they go, \"Yeah.\" And"}, {"end": "00:18:02", "start": "00:17:58", "text": "I go, \"I think I can do it.\" I cuz I"}, {"end": "00:18:05", "start": "00:18:00", "text": "don't know about walking into It's just"}, {"end": "00:18:07", "start": "00:18:02", "text": "a b for me when you walk in. Uh, it's"}, {"end": "00:18:11", "start": "00:18:05", "text": "sad because it's a bunch of lost souls"}, {"end": "00:18:13", "start": "00:18:07", "text": "is what it is. How many of those lost"}, {"end": "00:18:15", "start": "00:18:11", "text": "souls actually know what they're dealing"}, {"end": "00:18:17", "start": "00:18:13", "text": "with? Like you didn't know what you were"}, {"end": "00:18:20", "start": "00:18:15", "text": "dealing with until it happened. Yeah. I"}, {"end": "00:18:21", "start": "00:18:17", "text": "don't I I would venture to say a bunch"}, {"end": "00:18:23", "start": "00:18:20", "text": "cuz they're probably just on it for the"}, {"end": "00:18:25", "start": "00:18:21", "text": "kick or maybe they're saying they're"}, {"end": "00:18:28", "start": "00:18:23", "text": "atheist and they're doing it just to be"}, {"end": "00:18:30", "start": "00:18:25", "text": "funny, you know, but you start"}, {"end": "00:18:32", "start": "00:18:28", "text": "scratching at the surface. I'm telling"}, {"end": "00:18:35", "start": "00:18:30", "text": "you right now, uh, in my belief system,"}, {"end": "00:18:38", "start": "00:18:32", "text": "there's definitely spiritual warfare and"}, {"end": "00:18:41", "start": "00:18:35", "text": "all kinds of stuff. It's the only way to"}, {"end": "00:18:45", "start": "00:18:38", "text": "describe I think what's happening cuz"}, {"end": "00:18:50", "start": "00:18:41", "text": "it's sweeping the entire world and it is"}, {"end": "00:18:53", "start": "00:18:45", "text": "it's either deep mental illness or it's"}, {"end": "00:18:56", "start": "00:18:50", "text": "possession of some sort. There there"}, {"end": "00:18:59", "start": "00:18:53", "text": "is, you know, I I have friends who are"}, {"end": "00:19:01", "start": "00:18:56", "text": "atheist who have said to me, I I don't"}, {"end": "00:19:03", "start": "00:18:59", "text": "know how to describe what I'm seeing"}, {"end": "00:19:05", "start": "00:19:01", "text": "other than evil. And I know that's not"}, {"end": "00:19:07", "start": "00:19:03", "text": "an atheist word, and I know what it"}, {"end": "00:19:10", "start": "00:19:05", "text": "means, but I can't describe this any"}, {"end": "00:19:11", "start": "00:19:07", "text": "other way. Yeah. And that's that's what"}, {"end": "00:19:14", "start": "00:19:10", "text": "I try to tell people that I put it in"}, {"end": "00:19:15", "start": "00:19:11", "text": "the book. I'm sure it's been said"}, {"end": "00:19:16", "start": "00:19:14", "text": "before, but the best way for me to"}, {"end": "00:19:20", "start": "00:19:15", "text": "explain it, a lot of these interviews,"}, {"end": "00:19:21", "start": "00:19:16", "text": "I've been blessed uh on this book launch"}, {"end": "00:19:23", "start": "00:19:20", "text": "tour and stuff and uh and even the"}, {"end": "00:19:26", "start": "00:19:21", "text": "Rolling Stone magazine article back in"}, {"end": "00:19:28", "start": "00:19:23", "text": "2022. But I just say, look, you just"}, {"end": "00:19:30", "start": "00:19:26", "text": "need to understand that there are evil"}, {"end": "00:19:31", "start": "00:19:28", "text": "people on this planet that want to do"}, {"end": "00:19:33", "start": "00:19:30", "text": "evil things to good people. And it's"}, {"end": "00:19:35", "start": "00:19:31", "text": "been that way pretty much since the"}, {"end": "00:19:36", "start": "00:19:33", "text": "beginning of time. If you can't deal"}, {"end": "00:19:39", "start": "00:19:35", "text": "with that, that's cool. But if we tell"}, {"end": "00:19:40", "start": "00:19:36", "text": "you lock the door, lock the door. you"}, {"end": "00:19:44", "start": "00:19:39", "text": "know,"}, {"end": "00:19:45", "start": "00:19:40", "text": "don't like I I think like a bad person."}, {"end": "00:19:48", "start": "00:19:44", "text": "Not that it doesn't make me bad. It's"}, {"end": "00:19:50", "start": "00:19:45", "text": "just I think like a bad person. I'm like"}, {"end": "00:19:53", "start": "00:19:48", "text": "I was I was dating my wife before we"}, {"end": "00:19:56", "start": "00:19:50", "text": "were married and we're out in the in in"}, {"end": "00:19:58", "start": "00:19:53", "text": "a great part of Nebraska and I was a"}, {"end": "00:20:00", "start": "00:19:56", "text": "narcotics officer at that point at the"}, {"end": "00:20:02", "start": "00:19:58", "text": "sheriff's office and you go to go to bed"}, {"end": "00:20:04", "start": "00:20:00", "text": "at night and they don't even not only do"}, {"end": "00:20:05", "start": "00:20:02", "text": "they not lock the door, they don't even"}, {"end": "00:20:08", "start": "00:20:04", "text": "shut the door. It's just a screen door."}, {"end": "00:20:10", "start": "00:20:05", "text": "M and I'm like, \"Am I going to lock the"}, {"end": "00:20:11", "start": "00:20:08", "text": "door?\" I've been there. And they're"}, {"end": "00:20:13", "start": "00:20:10", "text": "like, \"Oh, you don't have to worry about"}, {"end": "00:20:14", "start": "00:20:11", "text": "that around here.\" I go, \"Well, if I was"}, {"end": "00:20:16", "start": "00:20:13", "text": "a bad guy, this is where I'd come.\""}, {"end": "00:20:18", "start": "00:20:14", "text": "That's the first thing I say. I go,"}, {"end": "00:20:20", "start": "00:20:16", "text": "\"This is this is where you see that"}, {"end": "00:20:22", "start": "00:20:18", "text": "murder show where some serial killer"}, {"end": "00:20:23", "start": "00:20:20", "text": "comes to town and three families are"}, {"end": "00:20:25", "start": "00:20:22", "text": "murdered and they don't find out for"}, {"end": "00:20:26", "start": "00:20:23", "text": "like two weeks.\" I'm like, \"Man, lock"}, {"end": "00:20:29", "start": "00:20:25", "text": "the door.\" It's crime of There's also"}, {"end": "00:20:31", "start": "00:20:26", "text": "crimes of opportunity like like you walk"}, {"end": "00:20:33", "start": "00:20:29", "text": "by a car with the window down and it's"}, {"end": "00:20:36", "start": "00:20:31", "text": "got a back when they were CDs. Uh let's"}, {"end": "00:20:37", "start": "00:20:33", "text": "just say it's a CD or a DVD sitting on"}, {"end": "00:20:39", "start": "00:20:36", "text": "the seat and you're like, man, I've been"}, {"end": "00:20:41", "start": "00:20:37", "text": "wanting to see that movie. You're not"}, {"end": "00:20:42", "start": "00:20:39", "text": "I've never thought about thieving, but"}, {"end": "00:20:43", "start": "00:20:41", "text": "this person's dumb enough to leave their"}, {"end": "00:20:44", "start": "00:20:42", "text": "window down and leave it sitting right"}, {"end": "00:20:46", "start": "00:20:43", "text": "here. I'm going to teach him a lesson."}, {"end": "00:20:49", "start": "00:20:44", "text": "I'm going to take this thing. That's a"}, {"end": "00:20:51", "start": "00:20:46", "text": "crime my opportunity. So, a lot of these"}, {"end": "00:20:53", "start": "00:20:49", "text": "things as I've been talking about since"}, {"end": "00:20:55", "start": "00:20:51", "text": "kind of going out, I just because I meet"}, {"end": "00:20:57", "start": "00:20:53", "text": "people that are way left of where I"}, {"end": "00:20:59", "start": "00:20:55", "text": "live. I meet people that are way right"}, {"end": "00:21:02", "start": "00:20:57", "text": "of where I live. And I'm like, look, if"}, {"end": "00:21:04", "start": "00:20:59", "text": "we just put it on the table, just let's"}, {"end": "00:21:05", "start": "00:21:02", "text": "put everything on the table. First of"}, {"end": "00:21:07", "start": "00:21:04", "text": "all, we need to be able to have a"}, {"end": "00:21:09", "start": "00:21:05", "text": "conversation. You can't keep cutting me"}, {"end": "00:21:12", "start": "00:21:07", "text": "off. Let's have a conversation. But"}, {"end": "00:21:15", "start": "00:21:09", "text": "let's look at it and say first question,"}, {"end": "00:21:16", "start": "00:21:12", "text": "is this good or is this evil? Cuz most"}, {"end": "00:21:19", "start": "00:21:15", "text": "of the time, you can break it down"}, {"end": "00:21:21", "start": "00:21:16", "text": "pretty quick. In my opinion, you can you"}, {"end": "00:21:23", "start": "00:21:19", "text": "can see this is not good. This is a bad"}, {"end": "00:21:24", "start": "00:21:21", "text": "thing."}, {"end": "00:21:26", "start": "00:21:23", "text": "Do you wake up in the morning wondering"}, {"end": "00:21:30", "start": "00:21:24", "text": "how pain is going to affect your day?"}, {"end": "00:21:32", "start": "00:21:26", "text": "Michael from Connecticut used to, but he"}, {"end": "00:21:33", "start": "00:21:30", "text": "doesn't anymore. Let me tell you his"}, {"end": "00:21:36", "start": "00:21:32", "text": "relief factor story. Michael was dealing"}, {"end": "00:21:40", "start": "00:21:33", "text": "with elbow pain which made everything in"}, {"end": "00:21:41", "start": "00:21:36", "text": "his hand and his arm really hurt. Uh"}, {"end": "00:21:44", "start": "00:21:40", "text": "nothing. He tried work. He started"}, {"end": "00:21:46", "start": "00:21:41", "text": "taking Relief Factor. Now Michael tells"}, {"end": "00:21:48", "start": "00:21:44", "text": "me his elbow pain has gone away. his"}, {"end": "00:21:50", "start": "00:21:46", "text": "other aches and pains went away too. And"}, {"end": "00:21:53", "start": "00:21:48", "text": "on top of that, he says, \"I feel like I"}, {"end": "00:21:55", "start": "00:21:50", "text": "have more energy.\" This is the way I"}, {"end": "00:21:57", "start": "00:21:53", "text": "felt with pain when I started taking"}, {"end": "00:21:58", "start": "00:21:55", "text": "Relief Factor. I didn't think it would"}, {"end": "00:22:01", "start": "00:21:57", "text": "work, but it did. It work. It's a"}, {"end": "00:22:02", "start": "00:21:58", "text": "miraculous thing for me, at least. If"}, {"end": "00:22:04", "start": "00:22:01", "text": "you're living with aches and pains, see"}, {"end": "00:22:06", "start": "00:22:02", "text": "how Relief Factor, a daily drug-free"}, {"end": "00:22:08", "start": "00:22:04", "text": "supplement, can help you feel better and"}, {"end": "00:22:10", "start": "00:22:06", "text": "live better. Join the over 1 million"}, {"end": "00:22:13", "start": "00:22:08", "text": "people who have turned to Relief Factor"}, {"end": "00:22:15", "start": "00:22:10", "text": "just like Michael. Call now. Try their"}, {"end": "00:22:17", "start": "00:22:13", "text": "three-week quick start. $19.95 less than"}, {"end": "00:22:20", "start": "00:22:15", "text": "a dollar a day. Don't let pain keep you"}, {"end": "00:22:23", "start": "00:22:17", "text": "from live uh living every day the life"}, {"end": "00:22:25", "start": "00:22:20", "text": "you want to live. Relief factor.com or"}, {"end": "00:22:28", "start": "00:22:23", "text": "call 18004 relief 1800 the number four"}, {"end": "00:22:31", "start": "00:22:25", "text": "relief."}, {"end": "00:22:34", "start": "00:22:28", "text": "So talk to me about what did you call"}, {"end": "00:22:37", "start": "00:22:31", "text": "acceleration accelerationalism."}, {"end": "00:22:38", "start": "00:22:34", "text": "Um let's start with the clan. Your"}, {"end": "00:22:40", "start": "00:22:37", "text": "grandfather's clan. Yeah, the"}, {"end": "00:22:41", "start": "00:22:38", "text": "grandfather grandfather's clan. The"}, {"end": "00:22:44", "start": "00:22:40", "text": "white hoods and robes, right? Uh I"}, {"end": "00:22:46", "start": "00:22:41", "text": "infiltrated them too. Um, I actually"}, {"end": "00:22:49", "start": "00:22:44", "text": "played music. I played music for the"}, {"end": "00:22:52", "start": "00:22:46", "text": "spring and fall rally for a clan"}, {"end": "00:22:54", "start": "00:22:49", "text": "collection. Is it harder to do this to"}, {"end": "00:22:57", "start": "00:22:52", "text": "be undercover now that the internet?"}, {"end": "00:23:00", "start": "00:22:54", "text": "Yeah. Yeah, it's got to be. Yeah. I Wait"}, {"end": "00:23:02", "start": "00:22:57", "text": "a minute. I just saw you and you you"}, {"end": "00:23:04", "start": "00:23:00", "text": "play in the band for your church. Yes."}, {"end": "00:23:07", "start": "00:23:02", "text": "Right. And they just didn't film you"}, {"end": "00:23:09", "start": "00:23:04", "text": "above the for a year and a half because"}, {"end": "00:23:11", "start": "00:23:07", "text": "the case for that for that year and a"}, {"end": "00:23:12", "start": "00:23:09", "text": "half the case I was doing was the public"}, {"end": "00:23:14", "start": "00:23:11", "text": "corruption case and it was close to"}, {"end": "00:23:17", "start": "00:23:12", "text": "where I live. So that's why that was"}, {"end": "00:23:19", "start": "00:23:14", "text": "off. But they they they streamed these"}, {"end": "00:23:21", "start": "00:23:17", "text": "things into prisons and stuff too, you"}, {"end": "00:23:23", "start": "00:23:19", "text": "know. So um that was another walk in"}, {"end": "00:23:25", "start": "00:23:21", "text": "faith for me. I had to say, \"Look, am I"}, {"end": "00:23:27", "start": "00:23:23", "text": "going to let my job interfere? I know"}, {"end": "00:23:29", "start": "00:23:25", "text": "it's not good operational security. I"}, {"end": "00:23:31", "start": "00:23:27", "text": "know it's not the wisest thing to do,"}, {"end": "00:23:33", "start": "00:23:29", "text": "but I've let my job interfere with me"}, {"end": "00:23:35", "start": "00:23:31", "text": "worshiping up until this point. I would"}, {"end": "00:23:37", "start": "00:23:33", "text": "think you needed that. And I Yeah, I"}, {"end": "00:23:40", "start": "00:23:35", "text": "needed it bad. Um that's why I've always"}, {"end": "00:23:42", "start": "00:23:37", "text": "laughed cuz it's volunteer based. So"}, {"end": "00:23:44", "start": "00:23:40", "text": "sometimes I'm there multiple, especially"}, {"end": "00:23:46", "start": "00:23:42", "text": "now that I'm semi-retired, but uh you"}, {"end": "00:23:48", "start": "00:23:44", "text": "know, even when I was working heavy, I"}, {"end": "00:23:49", "start": "00:23:46", "text": "you know, maybe my wife is maybe like,"}, {"end": "00:23:50", "start": "00:23:48", "text": "\"Man, you've been putting in a lot of"}, {"end": "00:23:52", "start": "00:23:49", "text": "time at church.\" I'm like, \"You can't"}, {"end": "00:23:55", "start": "00:23:50", "text": "get too much Jesus.\" I said, \"I'll take"}, {"end": "00:23:58", "start": "00:23:52", "text": "all I can get. I just I just need a D"}, {"end": "00:24:00", "start": "00:23:55", "text": "minus. I want to get inside the gate."}, {"end": "00:24:02", "start": "00:23:58", "text": "You know what I mean? Yeah. Yeah. I just"}, {"end": "00:24:04", "start": "00:24:00", "text": "need to pass. So, you have uh you're"}, {"end": "00:24:06", "start": "00:24:02", "text": "you're with the old style clan, the"}, {"end": "00:24:08", "start": "00:24:04", "text": "hoods, the robes, the Yep. Very"}, {"end": "00:24:10", "start": "00:24:06", "text": "historical. I mean, it was it was"}, {"end": "00:24:12", "start": "00:24:08", "text": "literally it was a lot of it was like a"}, {"end": "00:24:14", "start": "00:24:10", "text": "history class. I mean, I had to learn a"}, {"end": "00:24:16", "start": "00:24:12", "text": "lot. Um how do you mean that? I just I"}, {"end": "00:24:18", "start": "00:24:14", "text": "mean like that's when you go in and you"}, {"end": "00:24:20", "start": "00:24:16", "text": "get naturalized as a clan member. You"}, {"end": "00:24:21", "start": "00:24:18", "text": "mean what? It's Well, I had I went"}, {"end": "00:24:23", "start": "00:24:20", "text": "through it. I didn't know what was"}, {"end": "00:24:24", "start": "00:24:21", "text": "happening. I'm like, what am I doing"}, {"end": "00:24:25", "start": "00:24:23", "text": "right now? I'm blindfolded. They're"}, {"end": "00:24:28", "start": "00:24:24", "text": "telling us to say this stuff and then at"}, {"end": "00:24:29", "start": "00:24:25", "text": "the end of it I go I think I just joined"}, {"end": "00:24:31", "start": "00:24:28", "text": "the clan"}, {"end": "00:24:32", "start": "00:24:29", "text": "and then and then as I was walking"}, {"end": "00:24:34", "start": "00:24:31", "text": "across the field I was like we're"}, {"end": "00:24:35", "start": "00:24:32", "text": "rehearsing every replaying everything in"}, {"end": "00:24:37", "start": "00:24:34", "text": "my head I'm like and I'm thinking about"}, {"end": "00:24:40", "start": "00:24:35", "text": "the legal is I mean the rules and the"}, {"end": "00:24:42", "start": "00:24:37", "text": "policies of the FBI and I'm going should"}, {"end": "00:24:43", "start": "00:24:40", "text": "I have done okay this happened this"}, {"end": "00:24:46", "start": "00:24:42", "text": "happened this I yep I just joined the"}, {"end": "00:24:48", "start": "00:24:43", "text": "clan that's amazing it's kind of like"}, {"end": "00:24:50", "start": "00:24:46", "text": "you know it's kind of like as an al"}, {"end": "00:24:53", "start": "00:24:48", "text": "again an alcoholic you ask yourself am I"}, {"end": "00:24:55", "start": "00:24:50", "text": "an alcoholic and all alcoholics will say"}, {"end": "00:24:58", "start": "00:24:53", "text": "if you're asking asking that question,"}, {"end": "00:24:59", "start": "00:24:55", "text": "the answer is most likely yes. You find"}, {"end": "00:25:02", "start": "00:24:58", "text": "yourself asking, \"Did I just join the"}, {"end": "00:25:04", "start": "00:24:59", "text": "clan?\" Most likely you did. Yeah. So I"}, {"end": "00:25:06", "start": "00:25:02", "text": "uh yeah, those were those were some"}, {"end": "00:25:09", "start": "00:25:04", "text": "pretty comical times, but literally you"}, {"end": "00:25:12", "start": "00:25:06", "text": "had to go to clan craft class every week"}, {"end": "00:25:14", "start": "00:25:09", "text": "and and like Facebook craft class like"}, {"end": "00:25:16", "start": "00:25:12", "text": "Facebook Messenger and it would be like"}, {"end": "00:25:18", "start": "00:25:14", "text": "you all the newbies would be in the"}, {"end": "00:25:19", "start": "00:25:16", "text": "group and like the leader of the group"}, {"end": "00:25:22", "start": "00:25:18", "text": "would be like they would throw cuz they"}, {"end": "00:25:25", "start": "00:25:19", "text": "they've got all these insignias and"}, {"end": "00:25:29", "start": "00:25:22", "text": "uh acronyms and it's like you know it"}, {"end": "00:25:30", "start": "00:25:25", "text": "like he he would type a y a k so you try"}, {"end": "00:25:32", "start": "00:25:29", "text": "to answer quick are you a clansman"}, {"end": "00:25:35", "start": "00:25:30", "text": "because that's what it stands for it's"}, {"end": "00:25:37", "start": "00:25:32", "text": "like good that's right you know um load"}, {"end": "00:25:39", "start": "00:25:35", "text": "l t i e l ladies of the invisible empire"}, {"end": "00:25:41", "start": "00:25:37", "text": "you had to know all these things like"}, {"end": "00:25:43", "start": "00:25:39", "text": "when was the first cross"}, {"end": "00:25:48", "start": "00:25:41", "text": "lighting I don't think I remember that"}, {"end": "00:25:51", "start": "00:25:43", "text": "one I want to say like 1945 1915 no no"}, {"end": "00:25:52", "start": "00:25:48", "text": "19 no first cross lighting yeah it was"}, {"end": "00:25:55", "start": "00:25:51", "text": "in it was in Stone Mountain Georgia I"}, {"end": "00:25:57", "start": "00:25:52", "text": "know that really yeah since I late"}, {"end": "00:25:58", "start": "00:25:55", "text": "because the clan was around right after"}, {"end": "00:26:00", "start": "00:25:57", "text": "the civil war but there it was Stone"}, {"end": "00:26:02", "start": "00:25:58", "text": "Mountain Georgia so it's somewhere in"}, {"end": "00:26:04", "start": "00:26:00", "text": "there what is What is the cross"}, {"end": "00:26:05", "start": "00:26:02", "text": "lighting? That's when you see the cross"}, {"end": "00:26:06", "start": "00:26:04", "text": "on fire. I know. Is it But is that a"}, {"end": "00:26:08", "start": "00:26:05", "text": "gathering or is that just you just put"}, {"end": "00:26:09", "start": "00:26:06", "text": "it in you can put it in somebody's yard?"}, {"end": "00:26:13", "start": "00:26:08", "text": "Sometimes they put it in somebody's"}, {"end": "00:26:16", "start": "00:26:09", "text": "yard. But the the thing I got to see was"}, {"end": "00:26:19", "start": "00:26:13", "text": "um or be a part of was"}, {"end": "00:26:21", "start": "00:26:16", "text": "uh and I remember the guy telling me cuz"}, {"end": "00:26:23", "start": "00:26:19", "text": "so my sense of humor also carries me"}, {"end": "00:26:24", "start": "00:26:21", "text": "through a lot of things, right? cuz I'm"}, {"end": "00:26:25", "start": "00:26:23", "text": "out in the middle of a field in the"}, {"end": "00:26:26", "start": "00:26:24", "text": "middle of nowhere in the middle of"}, {"end": "00:26:29", "start": "00:26:25", "text": "Alabama and this guy's like I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:26:33", "start": "00:26:26", "text": "\"Hey, I see this like 20 30 foot metal"}, {"end": "00:26:35", "start": "00:26:29", "text": "cross and you wrap it in burlap and then"}, {"end": "00:26:38", "start": "00:26:33", "text": "they take steel wiring and hold the"}, {"end": "00:26:39", "start": "00:26:35", "text": "burlap on you soak it in diesel fuel and"}, {"end": "00:26:40", "start": "00:26:38", "text": "then you have to stand it up in the"}, {"end": "00:26:43", "start": "00:26:39", "text": "hole.\" And that's when I learned that"}, {"end": "00:26:44", "start": "00:26:40", "text": "you call they call diesel fuel clan"}, {"end": "00:26:46", "start": "00:26:43", "text": "cologne cuz there's no way for you to"}, {"end": "00:26:48", "start": "00:26:44", "text": "stand that cross up and not get it on"}, {"end": "00:26:50", "start": "00:26:46", "text": "you. Um and then they go smoke"}, {"end": "00:26:52", "start": "00:26:48", "text": "cigarettes. I'm like I don't know. I'm"}, {"end": "00:26:55", "start": "00:26:50", "text": "like, I I don't know how quick this"}, {"end": "00:26:58", "start": "00:26:52", "text": "thing will spark, but not get away from"}, {"end": "00:27:00", "start": "00:26:55", "text": "me. And you got like a $500 worth of"}, {"end": "00:27:03", "start": "00:26:58", "text": "fireworks in your trunk, too. I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:27:07", "start": "00:27:00", "text": "what are we doing? Uh, but I I I"}, {"end": "00:27:09", "start": "00:27:03", "text": "remember uh um I I you get naturalized,"}, {"end": "00:27:10", "start": "00:27:07", "text": "you take those classes, and then you"}, {"end": "00:27:14", "start": "00:27:09", "text": "have to take a test. You take a K uno"}, {"end": "00:27:16", "start": "00:27:10", "text": "test to pass it, duo, trio, and then"}, {"end": "00:27:19", "start": "00:27:14", "text": "quad. And uh the case kind of fell apart"}, {"end": "00:27:20", "start": "00:27:16", "text": "before I ever did anything. But um the I"}, {"end": "00:27:22", "start": "00:27:19", "text": "remember asking them I was like hey are"}, {"end": "00:27:24", "start": "00:27:20", "text": "we going to have a cross burn in the"}, {"end": "00:27:27", "start": "00:27:22", "text": "night and the chaplain which was the"}, {"end": "00:27:30", "start": "00:27:24", "text": "clud uh was like um the clud that's"}, {"end": "00:27:32", "start": "00:27:27", "text": "whatever their chaplain is in the book"}, {"end": "00:27:34", "start": "00:27:30", "text": "we break it down but there like I said"}, {"end": "00:27:36", "start": "00:27:32", "text": "there's a lot of history I'm sure some"}, {"end": "00:27:38", "start": "00:27:34", "text": "of it is very skewed but you see Abraham"}, {"end": "00:27:40", "start": "00:27:36", "text": "Lincoln said I mean it's all this stuff"}, {"end": "00:27:45", "start": "00:27:38", "text": "and it's the history of the clan and the"}, {"end": "00:27:47", "start": "00:27:40", "text": "secret uh the invisible empire um but he"}, {"end": "00:27:49", "start": "00:27:45", "text": "said now Scott it's not a cross burning"}, {"end": "00:27:50", "start": "00:27:47", "text": "And that'd be sacrilegious. It's across"}, {"end": "00:27:52", "start": "00:27:49", "text": "the lighting. And I"}, {"end": "00:27:54", "start": "00:27:50", "text": "went I'm like, but I'm standing there"}, {"end": "00:27:56", "start": "00:27:52", "text": "like like I don't know like I'm and I"}, {"end": "00:27:57", "start": "00:27:54", "text": "don't but I'm I'm I'm like all enthused."}, {"end": "00:28:00", "start": "00:27:56", "text": "I'm like, \"Oh, okay. All right. All"}, {"end": "00:28:03", "start": "00:27:57", "text": "right.\" And he goes he goes,"}, {"end": "00:28:04", "start": "00:28:00", "text": "\"See, a burning would be sacrilegious,"}, {"end": "00:28:06", "start": "00:28:03", "text": "but the lighting it signifies the light"}, {"end": "00:28:09", "start": "00:28:04", "text": "of Jesus Christ coming down in the world"}, {"end": "00:28:11", "start": "00:28:06", "text": "and driving the darkness out.\" And I'm"}, {"end": "00:28:15", "start": "00:28:09", "text": "going, in my mind, I'm laughing to"}, {"end": "00:28:17", "start": "00:28:11", "text": "myself cuz I'm thinking, you're a nut."}, {"end": "00:28:19", "start": "00:28:15", "text": "But I'm thinking, \"Yeah, I met so many"}, {"end": "00:28:21", "start": "00:28:17", "text": "white guys named Jesus.\" You know,"}, {"end": "00:28:22", "start": "00:28:19", "text": "that's that's the first thing I think."}, {"end": "00:28:24", "start": "00:28:21", "text": "I'm like, \"All right.\" I mean, whatever"}, {"end": "00:28:25", "start": "00:28:22", "text": "you got to tell yourself, right? And by"}, {"end": "00:28:28", "start": "00:28:24", "text": "driving the darkness out, I'm assuming"}, {"end": "00:28:30", "start": "00:28:25", "text": "we're meaning non-whites, right? Um it"}, {"end": "00:28:32", "start": "00:28:28", "text": "just gets it gets kind of convoluted."}, {"end": "00:28:34", "start": "00:28:30", "text": "So, you can go"}, {"end": "00:28:36", "start": "00:28:32", "text": "there there was the there's a long-term"}, {"end": "00:28:38", "start": "00:28:34", "text": "belief system in white supremacy that's"}, {"end": "00:28:39", "start": "00:28:36", "text": "called Christian identity. Not to be"}, {"end": "00:28:42", "start": "00:28:38", "text": "confused with Christ followers of"}, {"end": "00:28:44", "start": "00:28:39", "text": "Christianity. They take the story of the"}, {"end": "00:28:46", "start": "00:28:42", "text": "garden of Eden and they twist the you"}, {"end": "00:28:49", "start": "00:28:44", "text": "know what out of it. They say that"}, {"end": "00:28:53", "start": "00:28:46", "text": "um same kind of story Adam and Eve"}, {"end": "00:28:56", "start": "00:28:49", "text": "serpent fruit of the forbidden tree"}, {"end": "00:28:59", "start": "00:28:53", "text": "sin but they twist it to this and it's a"}, {"end": "00:29:03", "start": "00:28:56", "text": "dual it's called the dual dual seed"}, {"end": "00:29:06", "start": "00:28:59", "text": "theory um and then a dual seed line I"}, {"end": "00:29:09", "start": "00:29:03", "text": "think um but this is the way it goes."}, {"end": "00:29:14", "start": "00:29:06", "text": "They say that the actual forbidden act"}, {"end": "00:29:17", "start": "00:29:09", "text": "was Eve having sex with the serpent, aka"}, {"end": "00:29:18", "start": "00:29:14", "text": "Satan, aka a man of color. You got to"}, {"end": "00:29:20", "start": "00:29:17", "text": "follow me because it doesn't make any"}, {"end": "00:29:22", "start": "00:29:18", "text": "sense. I I Yeah, it doesn't make any"}, {"end": "00:29:24", "start": "00:29:20", "text": "sense. I've read the Bible. I've not"}, {"end": "00:29:26", "start": "00:29:22", "text": "seen that in any Bible, but Okay."}, {"end": "00:29:30", "start": "00:29:24", "text": "Apparently, they read it differently."}, {"end": "00:29:31", "start": "00:29:26", "text": "Right. So they say that that that Eve,"}, {"end": "00:29:34", "start": "00:29:30", "text": "the fruit of the forbidden tree, was a"}, {"end": "00:29:37", "start": "00:29:31", "text": "sexual act with the serpent, Satan, a"}, {"end": "00:29:39", "start": "00:29:34", "text": "man of color. And from that intercourse,"}, {"end": "00:29:41", "start": "00:29:37", "text": "Cain was born. And that is what they"}, {"end": "00:29:43", "start": "00:29:39", "text": "call the mud race all the way down,"}, {"end": "00:29:45", "start": "00:29:41", "text": "which is non-white. And then they say,"}, {"end": "00:29:47", "start": "00:29:43", "text": "but the procreation between Adam and Eve"}, {"end": "00:29:49", "start": "00:29:45", "text": "is Abel. And that's the pure white race."}, {"end": "00:29:52", "start": "00:29:47", "text": "That's why it's a dual seed line. And"}, {"end": "00:29:54", "start": "00:29:49", "text": "it's that I mean, but you can take"}, {"end": "00:29:56", "start": "00:29:52", "text": "paganism. I've got friends that are"}, {"end": "00:29:58", "start": "00:29:54", "text": "devout pagans that are some of the most"}, {"end": "00:30:01", "start": "00:29:56", "text": "peaceful, loving people I've ever met."}, {"end": "00:30:04", "start": "00:29:58", "text": "It's not my belief system, right? Um but"}, {"end": "00:30:06", "start": "00:30:01", "text": "uh I respect them. And now you see a lot"}, {"end": "00:30:08", "start": "00:30:04", "text": "of that coming into the white supremacy"}, {"end": "00:30:11", "start": "00:30:06", "text": "and extremism realm they're using cuz"}, {"end": "00:30:13", "start": "00:30:08", "text": "Hitler did you know that neo-Nazi I mean"}, {"end": "00:30:16", "start": "00:30:11", "text": "you see the Norse mythology and stuff"}, {"end": "00:30:19", "start": "00:30:13", "text": "like that. And uh and I mean it's I mean"}, {"end": "00:30:21", "start": "00:30:16", "text": "if you think about it from a young man"}, {"end": "00:30:24", "start": "00:30:19", "text": "what's cool standpoint Viking. I mean, I"}, {"end": "00:30:27", "start": "00:30:21", "text": "got Vikings all over my arm. That's"}, {"end": "00:30:29", "start": "00:30:24", "text": "cool, right? Yeah. Um, for them anyway."}, {"end": "00:30:30", "start": "00:30:27", "text": "But they would take Christian identity"}, {"end": "00:30:33", "start": "00:30:29", "text": "and twist it and that was the Reverend"}, {"end": "00:30:35", "start": "00:30:30", "text": "Butler, Red Ray Fair, and the Aryan"}, {"end": "00:30:37", "start": "00:30:33", "text": "Nations up in Idaho. That was all that"}, {"end": "00:30:39", "start": "00:30:35", "text": "stuff. And then it's trickled on down."}, {"end": "00:30:41", "start": "00:30:37", "text": "Then you get Hang on just a sec. Just a"}, {"end": "00:30:44", "start": "00:30:39", "text": "personal note. I live part of the year"}, {"end": "00:30:46", "start": "00:30:41", "text": "in southern Idaho. Is there still really"}, {"end": "00:30:47", "start": "00:30:44", "text": "bad up in northern Idaho? No, I've got"}, {"end": "00:30:49", "start": "00:30:46", "text": "No, I've got friends in northern Idaho"}, {"end": "00:30:51", "start": "00:30:47", "text": "now. Um, I know, but your friends are"}, {"end": "00:30:53", "start": "00:30:49", "text": "sketchy. we've already established. No,"}, {"end": "00:30:56", "start": "00:30:51", "text": "this is this this guy's not sketchy."}, {"end": "00:30:58", "start": "00:30:53", "text": "Former SWAT team leader, former FBI"}, {"end": "00:30:59", "start": "00:30:56", "text": "agent, not sketchy. All right. And he"}, {"end": "00:31:02", "start": "00:30:58", "text": "says, he goes, \"Yeah, we get a bad rap"}, {"end": "00:31:03", "start": "00:30:59", "text": "up here because of that compound stuff"}, {"end": "00:31:06", "start": "00:31:02", "text": "way back when, but they got I mean, the"}, {"end": "00:31:07", "start": "00:31:03", "text": "government seized all that.\" Um, and"}, {"end": "00:31:10", "start": "00:31:06", "text": "they went down and and they're dead now."}, {"end": "00:31:13", "start": "00:31:07", "text": "But, so that's Christian identity. So"}, {"end": "00:31:15", "start": "00:31:10", "text": "you see that and then through neo-Nazi,"}, {"end": "00:31:18", "start": "00:31:13", "text": "you know, you you might see like there"}, {"end": "00:31:21", "start": "00:31:15", "text": "was a there was a phase there where"}, {"end": "00:31:24", "start": "00:31:18", "text": "uh you have like 80s, 90s, maybe early"}, {"end": "00:31:25", "start": "00:31:21", "text": "2000s, you've got your skin heads and"}, {"end": "00:31:28", "start": "00:31:24", "text": "all this stuff and that stuff's still"}, {"end": "00:31:31", "start": "00:31:25", "text": "around, but then you saw a shift to like"}, {"end": "00:31:32", "start": "00:31:28", "text": "the cleancut white guy who was a"}, {"end": "00:31:35", "start": "00:31:31", "text": "neo-Nazi"}, {"end": "00:31:36", "start": "00:31:32", "text": "um like Richard Spencer and these other"}, {"end": "00:31:39", "start": "00:31:35", "text": "ones that would go out there and speak"}, {"end": "00:31:42", "start": "00:31:36", "text": "and and their idea was the entry belief"}, {"end": "00:31:44", "start": "00:31:39", "text": "is to infiltrate the the the government"}, {"end": "00:31:45", "start": "00:31:42", "text": "left and right. If you infiltrate the"}, {"end": "00:31:47", "start": "00:31:44", "text": "left, bring it down from within. If you"}, {"end": "00:31:49", "start": "00:31:45", "text": "infiltrate the right, twist things more"}, {"end": "00:31:50", "start": "00:31:47", "text": "towards white supremacy, which I don't"}, {"end": "00:31:52", "start": "00:31:49", "text": "understand. There's not a lot of"}, {"end": "00:31:54", "start": "00:31:50", "text": "afterthought for a lot of these belief"}, {"end": "00:31:56", "start": "00:31:52", "text": "systems. I'm like, okay. So, you take"}, {"end": "00:31:58", "start": "00:31:54", "text": "over as let's just say you're a mayor"}, {"end": "00:32:00", "start": "00:31:56", "text": "and you open a restaurant that's whites"}, {"end": "00:32:02", "start": "00:31:58", "text": "only. You don't think people are going"}, {"end": "00:32:04", "start": "00:32:00", "text": "to notice that? I don't I don't"}, {"end": "00:32:06", "start": "00:32:02", "text": "understand where this whole ethnostate"}, {"end": "00:32:08", "start": "00:32:04", "text": "ends, right? Is the ethnost state we"}, {"end": "00:32:10", "start": "00:32:06", "text": "hang out at this one restaurant? I don't"}, {"end": "00:32:11", "start": "00:32:08", "text": "I don't know what you mean. Um, but"}, {"end": "00:32:14", "start": "00:32:10", "text": "again going back to your extremism"}, {"end": "00:32:15", "start": "00:32:11", "text": "beliefs, some u radical jihad that's"}, {"end": "00:32:17", "start": "00:32:14", "text": "like, hey, they're going to get a"}, {"end": "00:32:20", "start": "00:32:15", "text": "caliphate. Everybody kind of wants their"}, {"end": "00:32:22", "start": "00:32:17", "text": "own peace. Um, so then you get to what"}, {"end": "00:32:25", "start": "00:32:20", "text": "you ask about"}, {"end": "00:32:26", "start": "00:32:22", "text": "accelerationism. In the 80s, there was a"}, {"end": "00:32:29", "start": "00:32:25", "text": "group that was there that kind of had"}, {"end": "00:32:31", "start": "00:32:26", "text": "the belief system, but it wasn't called"}, {"end": "00:32:33", "start": "00:32:29", "text": "accelerationism. And we started seeing"}, {"end": "00:32:35", "start": "00:32:31", "text": "this stuff coming up and and I ended up"}, {"end": "00:32:37", "start": "00:32:33", "text": "going and being the undercover on one of"}, {"end": "00:32:40", "start": "00:32:35", "text": "the cases against a group called the"}, {"end": "00:32:42", "start": "00:32:37", "text": "base. And I learned going in and"}, {"end": "00:32:43", "start": "00:32:40", "text": "infiltrating, this is where I learned"}, {"end": "00:32:45", "start": "00:32:42", "text": "the belief system. And the belief system"}, {"end": "00:32:47", "start": "00:32:43", "text": "is this. They call it siege culture"}, {"end": "00:32:49", "start": "00:32:45", "text": "because there's a book out there called"}, {"end": "00:32:51", "start": "00:32:47", "text": "Siege that was written by James Mason,"}, {"end": "00:32:54", "start": "00:32:49", "text": "longtime white supremacist. Created the"}, {"end": "00:32:56", "start": "00:32:51", "text": "Adam Waffen uh white supremacy group,"}, {"end": "00:32:59", "start": "00:32:54", "text": "but he's got a book. It's a lot of"}, {"end": "00:33:01", "start": "00:32:56", "text": "interviews, idolizes uh Charles Manson,"}, {"end": "00:33:02", "start": "00:32:59", "text": "things like that. I mean, what a great"}, {"end": "00:33:05", "start": "00:33:01", "text": "role model, right? If you're going to"}, {"end": "00:33:08", "start": "00:33:02", "text": "pick somebody, you know, I'm saying that"}, {"end": "00:33:11", "start": "00:33:05", "text": "sarcastically. Uh that would be sarcasm."}, {"end": "00:33:13", "start": "00:33:08", "text": "Yeah. But"}, {"end": "00:33:15", "start": "00:33:11", "text": "um that kind of lays out this"}, {"end": "00:33:17", "start": "00:33:13", "text": "accelerationism view and that and the"}, {"end": "00:33:18", "start": "00:33:15", "text": "view is this. They don't believe that"}, {"end": "00:33:20", "start": "00:33:17", "text": "there's a political solution that can"}, {"end": "00:33:22", "start": "00:33:18", "text": "save the white race. They believe this"}, {"end": "00:33:24", "start": "00:33:20", "text": "society is going to collapse either on"}, {"end": "00:33:27", "start": "00:33:22", "text": "its own or from man-made events and they"}, {"end": "00:33:30", "start": "00:33:24", "text": "want to accelerate it. So they don't"}, {"end": "00:33:32", "start": "00:33:27", "text": "like you're not going to see you see the"}, {"end": "00:33:34", "start": "00:33:30", "text": "division in the country back and forth."}, {"end": "00:33:36", "start": "00:33:32", "text": "Hate begets hate. I don't care whether"}, {"end": "00:33:37", "start": "00:33:34", "text": "you left or right. You do one thing"}, {"end": "00:33:40", "start": "00:33:36", "text": "hateful to this side, they do something"}, {"end": "00:33:41", "start": "00:33:37", "text": "hateful back to you. It it hate begets"}, {"end": "00:33:45", "start": "00:33:40", "text": "hate."}, {"end": "00:33:46", "start": "00:33:41", "text": "But when they see they don't like any"}, {"end": "00:33:49", "start": "00:33:45", "text": "government, right? They they don't"}, {"end": "00:33:51", "start": "00:33:46", "text": "they're not Republican De. They don't"}, {"end": "00:33:52", "start": "00:33:49", "text": "they don't like any government. And"}, {"end": "00:33:54", "start": "00:33:51", "text": "you're not going to see an"}, {"end": "00:33:57", "start": "00:33:52", "text": "accelerationist out on the corner with"}, {"end": "00:33:59", "start": "00:33:54", "text": "picket signs marching up and down the"}, {"end": "00:34:02", "start": "00:33:57", "text": "street like a Charlottesville type thing"}, {"end": "00:34:05", "start": "00:33:59", "text": "or some protest maybe like a KKK thing."}, {"end": "00:34:06", "start": "00:34:02", "text": "They're going to be hiding because they"}, {"end": "00:34:09", "start": "00:34:05", "text": "want to do things like guerrilla warfare"}, {"end": "00:34:12", "start": "00:34:06", "text": "tactics. They want to poison a water"}, {"end": "00:34:15", "start": "00:34:09", "text": "system, start killing lefty journalist"}, {"end": "00:34:16", "start": "00:34:12", "text": "or or or anti-fascist. I mean, some of"}, {"end": "00:34:17", "start": "00:34:15", "text": "these I mean, it's in the book. I mean,"}, {"end": "00:34:20", "start": "00:34:16", "text": "it's in the actual it's in the court"}, {"end": "00:34:22", "start": "00:34:17", "text": "records if people don't believe it. Um,"}, {"end": "00:34:24", "start": "00:34:20", "text": "I mean, I've had to sit there with these"}, {"end": "00:34:27", "start": "00:34:22", "text": "guys talking about, like I say, guys. I"}, {"end": "00:34:30", "start": "00:34:24", "text": "mean 20somes, you know, maybe a 30-some,"}, {"end": "00:34:33", "start": "00:34:27", "text": "but uh talking about when D-Day happens,"}, {"end": "00:34:34", "start": "00:34:30", "text": "which they refer to as the Bugaloo, that"}, {"end": "00:34:37", "start": "00:34:33", "text": "if their"}, {"end": "00:34:39", "start": "00:34:34", "text": "father did not agree to be fascist, if"}, {"end": "00:34:42", "start": "00:34:37", "text": "you didn't follow fascists, that"}, {"end": "00:34:45", "start": "00:34:39", "text": "automatically made you anti-fas and once"}, {"end": "00:34:46", "start": "00:34:42", "text": "the bugaloo hits, penalty is death. And"}, {"end": "00:34:48", "start": "00:34:45", "text": "they're sitting there telling me"}, {"end": "00:34:50", "start": "00:34:46", "text": "sometimes crying saying, \"I'm going to"}, {"end": "00:34:51", "start": "00:34:48", "text": "have to I may have to very well I'm very"}, {"end": "00:34:53", "start": "00:34:50", "text": "well may have to put a bullet in the"}, {"end": "00:34:56", "start": "00:34:51", "text": "back of my father's head, but I'll do it"}, {"end": "00:34:58", "start": "00:34:53", "text": "if he doesn't come to fascism.\" Now, are"}, {"end": "00:35:01", "start": "00:34:56", "text": "they willing to follow through with it?"}, {"end": "00:35:03", "start": "00:34:58", "text": "I don't have a crystal ball. Are you"}, {"end": "00:35:05", "start": "00:35:01", "text": "doing overt acts in furtherance of doing"}, {"end": "00:35:07", "start": "00:35:03", "text": "it? Well, that's how we built the case."}, {"end": "00:35:10", "start": "00:35:05", "text": "Uh they were it wasn't against the"}, {"end": "00:35:14", "start": "00:35:07", "text": "parents, but it was against um who they"}, {"end": "00:35:16", "start": "00:35:10", "text": "believed were uh an Antifa couple and"}, {"end": "00:35:18", "start": "00:35:14", "text": "they wanted to murder everybody in the"}, {"end": "00:35:20", "start": "00:35:16", "text": "house as our first hit. Murder everybody"}, {"end": "00:35:23", "start": "00:35:18", "text": "in the house. Burn the whole house."}, {"end": "00:35:25", "start": "00:35:20", "text": "Murder everything in the house living."}, {"end": "00:35:26", "start": "00:35:23", "text": "Um one guy even said, \"Man, I don't have"}, {"end": "00:35:28", "start": "00:35:25", "text": "cuz somebody says, \"Hey, do we know if"}, {"end": "00:35:30", "start": "00:35:26", "text": "they got any kids?\" He said, \"I don't"}, {"end": "00:35:34", "start": "00:35:28", "text": "have a problem killing the commie kid.\""}, {"end": "00:35:35", "start": "00:35:30", "text": "Like, okay, what about pets? No. So, are"}, {"end": "00:35:39", "start": "00:35:34", "text": "you just talking or are you going to do"}, {"end": "00:35:41", "start": "00:35:35", "text": "it? Well, you buy catch bags to put on"}, {"end": "00:35:43", "start": "00:35:39", "text": "your ARs. So, if you do have to shoot"}, {"end": "00:35:45", "start": "00:35:41", "text": "it, even though it's going to be super"}, {"end": "00:35:47", "start": "00:35:43", "text": "loud, it'll catch the brass so you don't"}, {"end": "00:35:48", "start": "00:35:45", "text": "leave anything for law enforcement."}, {"end": "00:35:52", "start": "00:35:47", "text": "You've got a pistol with a silencer on"}, {"end": "00:35:53", "start": "00:35:48", "text": "it. Um, they've talked about all kinds"}, {"end": "00:35:56", "start": "00:35:52", "text": "of things to prepare for this night of"}, {"end": "00:35:58", "start": "00:35:53", "text": "murder. Uh, leave all your electronics"}, {"end": "00:36:02", "start": "00:35:56", "text": "in one spot. Go to a payby by the hour"}, {"end": "00:36:05", "start": "00:35:58", "text": "motel. Scrub yourself of all dead skin."}, {"end": "00:36:06", "start": "00:36:02", "text": "Uh, put Vaseline on your facial hair."}, {"end": "00:36:09", "start": "00:36:05", "text": "We're going to wear balaclavas. Cover"}, {"end": "00:36:11", "start": "00:36:06", "text": "our whole body. Tape the tape your um"}, {"end": "00:36:12", "start": "00:36:09", "text": "sleeve to your gloves so nothing comes"}, {"end": "00:36:16", "start": "00:36:11", "text": "out. Same thing as your boots and your"}, {"end": "00:36:17", "start": "00:36:12", "text": "ankle. One the the guy leading the whole"}, {"end": "00:36:21", "start": "00:36:16", "text": "thing even came up. He did research and"}, {"end": "00:36:22", "start": "00:36:17", "text": "said that he saw read that um sometimes"}, {"end": "00:36:24", "start": "00:36:21", "text": "when people murder somebody for the"}, {"end": "00:36:25", "start": "00:36:22", "text": "first time, they lose control of their"}, {"end": "00:36:29", "start": "00:36:24", "text": "Bible. So, he was suggesting we all wear"}, {"end": "00:36:29", "start": "00:36:25", "text": "the pins."}, {"end": "00:36:36", "start": "00:36:29", "text": "So, and then you still have a parent who"}, {"end": "00:36:37", "start": "00:36:32", "text": "says, \"You made my boy do that.\" And"}, {"end": "00:36:38", "start": "00:36:36", "text": "they were just going through a phase."}, {"end": "00:36:41", "start": "00:36:37", "text": "They were just talking stupid. I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:36:42", "start": "00:36:38", "text": "\"Hey, I was just as shocked when your"}, {"end": "00:36:44", "start": "00:36:41", "text": "son told me that we were going to kill"}, {"end": "00:36:46", "start": "00:36:42", "text": "people as anybody else. I thought we"}, {"end": "00:36:47", "start": "00:36:44", "text": "were going to put up flyers and"}, {"end": "00:36:49", "start": "00:36:46", "text": "posters.\""}, {"end": "00:36:53", "start": "00:36:47", "text": "So um I want to come back to what you"}, {"end": "00:36:57", "start": "00:36:49", "text": "just said about you know the uh"}, {"end": "00:37:00", "start": "00:36:53", "text": "acceleration but let me go to"}, {"end": "00:37:02", "start": "00:36:57", "text": "there. I used to trust the FBI. I always"}, {"end": "00:37:04", "start": "00:37:00", "text": "trusted the FBI. FBI was a friend. I"}, {"end": "00:37:07", "start": "00:37:02", "text": "trust cops. You know I trusted the"}, {"end": "00:37:09", "start": "00:37:04", "text": "government. I trusted our I trusted our"}, {"end": "00:37:12", "start": "00:37:07", "text": "secret service. I trusted our CIA. I"}, {"end": "00:37:15", "start": "00:37:09", "text": "trusted everybody cuz you know like"}, {"end": "00:37:17", "start": "00:37:12", "text": "after 9/11 we all stood. We all wept. We"}, {"end": "00:37:19", "start": "00:37:15", "text": "all looked and said, \"My gosh, I love my"}, {"end": "00:37:21", "start": "00:37:17", "text": "country.\" And then something happened to"}, {"end": "00:37:22", "start": "00:37:19", "text": "us in the last 25 years. And I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:37:26", "start": "00:37:21", "text": "\"Wait, wait,"}, {"end": "00:37:28", "start": "00:37:22", "text": "wait, what? Wait, we don't all love our"}, {"end": "00:37:31", "start": "00:37:26", "text": "country. We don't all hold these truths"}, {"end": "00:37:34", "start": "00:37:28", "text": "to be self-evident anymore.\" And I don't"}, {"end": "00:37:37", "start": "00:37:31", "text": "know what to believe. I really don't. I"}, {"end": "00:37:40", "start": "00:37:34", "text": "I mean, my son"}, {"end": "00:37:42", "start": "00:37:37", "text": "uh my son was being groomed by somebody"}, {"end": "00:37:44", "start": "00:37:40", "text": "he was playing a game with online. Okay."}, {"end": "00:37:48", "start": "00:37:42", "text": "And we would a lot by the way. Yeah, I"}, {"end": "00:37:51", "start": "00:37:44", "text": "know. We would have lost him if the guy"}, {"end": "00:37:53", "start": "00:37:48", "text": "didn't call once in at 2:00 in the"}, {"end": "00:37:55", "start": "00:37:51", "text": "morning and then hang up the phone and"}, {"end": "00:37:59", "start": "00:37:53", "text": "we had multiple lines and I could see"}, {"end": "00:38:02", "start": "00:37:55", "text": "that the a line went back on and I'm"}, {"end": "00:38:05", "start": "00:37:59", "text": "like one of my children or somebody is"}, {"end": "00:38:07", "start": "00:38:02", "text": "in the house that's using our phone. I"}, {"end": "00:38:08", "start": "00:38:05", "text": "went up and he was talking to a guy and"}, {"end": "00:38:10", "start": "00:38:07", "text": "he was talking to this guy and they were"}, {"end": "00:38:12", "start": "00:38:08", "text": "just talking about games, dad, and he"}, {"end": "00:38:15", "start": "00:38:10", "text": "wanted to meet and I was"}, {"end": "00:38:17", "start": "00:38:12", "text": "like, we called the FBI. The FBI came"}, {"end": "00:38:19", "start": "00:38:15", "text": "in, they took the gaming thing and said,"}, {"end": "00:38:21", "start": "00:38:17", "text": "\"We can we we'll handle this.\" And they"}, {"end": "00:38:23", "start": "00:38:19", "text": "did and it was fantastic. Pretended to"}, {"end": "00:38:25", "start": "00:38:21", "text": "be your son and Yeah. Yeah. And it was"}, {"end": "00:38:29", "start": "00:38:23", "text": "fantastic."}, {"end": "00:38:32", "start": "00:38:25", "text": "Um, but now you look and"}, {"end": "00:38:34", "start": "00:38:29", "text": "go is the FB and I'm I'm asking you this"}, {"end": "00:38:39", "start": "00:38:32", "text": "question."}, {"end": "00:38:41", "start": "00:38:34", "text": "Is the FBI good? Is the FBI bad? Is this"}, {"end": "00:38:44", "start": "00:38:39", "text": "like the Whitmer"}, {"end": "00:38:46", "start": "00:38:41", "text": "case? It What? I was on the outskirts of"}, {"end": "00:38:49", "start": "00:38:44", "text": "that case. Were you? So, tell me what"}, {"end": "00:38:51", "start": "00:38:46", "text": "happened. I don't know. I I really don't"}, {"end": "00:38:53", "start": "00:38:49", "text": "cuz I I was on the outskirts. I was"}, {"end": "00:38:56", "start": "00:38:51", "text": "another undercover that they were using"}, {"end": "00:38:58", "start": "00:38:53", "text": "to possibly bump"}, {"end": "00:38:59", "start": "00:38:56", "text": "uh the guy that was making the bomb. I"}, {"end": "00:39:02", "start": "00:38:58", "text": "can't remember his name right now, but"}, {"end": "00:39:04", "start": "00:38:59", "text": "he doesn't need any publicity anyway."}, {"end": "00:39:06", "start": "00:39:02", "text": "What do you mean bump? uh like I was I"}, {"end": "00:39:08", "start": "00:39:04", "text": "was going to be introduced to him cuz"}, {"end": "00:39:10", "start": "00:39:06", "text": "you you what you saw was the main"}, {"end": "00:39:12", "start": "00:39:08", "text": "undercover going on, right? And I don't"}, {"end": "00:39:15", "start": "00:39:10", "text": "know I really don't have any idea. I"}, {"end": "00:39:18", "start": "00:39:12", "text": "know the two guys that that that did it."}, {"end": "00:39:21", "start": "00:39:15", "text": "Um and I I don't know what happened up"}, {"end": "00:39:23", "start": "00:39:18", "text": "there at that first trial because I from"}, {"end": "00:39:26", "start": "00:39:21", "text": "what I understood they had great overt"}, {"end": "00:39:28", "start": "00:39:23", "text": "acts. Um I do remember the guy's name. I"}, {"end": "00:39:31", "start": "00:39:26", "text": "won't say it. Yeah, I won't say it. Um,"}, {"end": "00:39:33", "start": "00:39:28", "text": "but this guy like they like the"}, {"end": "00:39:35", "start": "00:39:31", "text": "Baltimore office, I'd worked with them"}, {"end": "00:39:37", "start": "00:39:33", "text": "on the base case and they called me and"}, {"end": "00:39:40", "start": "00:39:35", "text": "said, \"Hey, just in case it doesn't work"}, {"end": "00:39:42", "start": "00:39:37", "text": "on this avenue, you maybe try to talk to"}, {"end": "00:39:43", "start": "00:39:40", "text": "this guy cuz he likes to meet new"}, {"end": "00:39:45", "start": "00:39:42", "text": "people.\" And he was the guy that that"}, {"end": "00:39:47", "start": "00:39:43", "text": "trying to get him again, you're spewing"}, {"end": "00:39:49", "start": "00:39:45", "text": "a bunch of crazy stuff. You're putting"}, {"end": "00:39:51", "start": "00:39:47", "text": "all these videos out there that falls"}, {"end": "00:39:52", "start": "00:39:49", "text": "within your first amendment right. But"}, {"end": "00:39:54", "start": "00:39:51", "text": "how do we know if you're really going to"}, {"end": "00:39:57", "start": "00:39:52", "text": "go forward with it or not? you know, and"}, {"end": "00:39:58", "start": "00:39:54", "text": "you get a lot of push back and and and"}, {"end": "00:40:00", "start": "00:39:57", "text": "people that don't like law enforcement"}, {"end": "00:40:01", "start": "00:39:58", "text": "or have had bad bad experiences with law"}, {"end": "00:40:03", "start": "00:40:00", "text": "enforcement. I've always had good"}, {"end": "00:40:05", "start": "00:40:01", "text": "experiences. I've had bad ones. I had"}, {"end": "00:40:07", "start": "00:40:03", "text": "bad ones before I became a cop. I had"}, {"end": "00:40:10", "start": "00:40:05", "text": "bad ones when I was a cop. I mean, look"}, {"end": "00:40:13", "start": "00:40:07", "text": "at you. Well, I know, right? Yeah. I"}, {"end": "00:40:15", "start": "00:40:10", "text": "know. I'm not talking looking like this."}, {"end": "00:40:17", "start": "00:40:13", "text": "Yeah. There's a line of a former buddy I"}, {"end": "00:40:18", "start": "00:40:15", "text": "had. I still love him to death, but he"}, {"end": "00:40:20", "start": "00:40:17", "text": "says, \"Sometimes you forget what a piece"}, {"end": "00:40:22", "start": "00:40:18", "text": "of trash you look"}, {"end": "00:40:24", "start": "00:40:20", "text": "like.\" Depends on where we're standing."}, {"end": "00:40:28", "start": "00:40:22", "text": "We're at the biker bar. We're normal."}, {"end": "00:40:30", "start": "00:40:24", "text": "But um yeah, the the if the thing is"}, {"end": "00:40:32", "start": "00:40:28", "text": "this, if you're not doing anything"}, {"end": "00:40:33", "start": "00:40:30", "text": "illegal, what are you worried about?"}, {"end": "00:40:35", "start": "00:40:32", "text": "I've done I've done many cases where"}, {"end": "00:40:37", "start": "00:40:33", "text": "I've gone in even even if I was running"}, {"end": "00:40:40", "start": "00:40:35", "text": "it as an agent or I was the undercover"}, {"end": "00:40:44", "start": "00:40:37", "text": "and I'm in for 5 months. thousands and"}, {"end": "00:40:46", "start": "00:40:40", "text": "thousands of the most hateful vile"}, {"end": "00:40:48", "start": "00:40:44", "text": "anti-Jewish,"}, {"end": "00:40:49", "start": "00:40:46", "text": "anti-affffrican-amean, white"}, {"end": "00:40:51", "start": "00:40:48", "text": "supremacist, but it's covered under the"}, {"end": "00:40:53", "start": "00:40:49", "text": "First Amendment and nobody's planning on"}, {"end": "00:40:56", "start": "00:40:51", "text": "doing anything. They're just waiting for"}, {"end": "00:40:58", "start": "00:40:53", "text": "the day. So, there's nothing to charge."}, {"end": "00:41:02", "start": "00:40:56", "text": "So, we I I got to pull chocks and back"}, {"end": "00:41:04", "start": "00:40:58", "text": "out. Now, you ask about is the FBI good?"}, {"end": "00:41:06", "start": "00:41:02", "text": "Yes, I believe so in my heart of hearts"}, {"end": "00:41:09", "start": "00:41:04", "text": "cuz I did work a lot. I was a workaholic"}, {"end": "00:41:11", "start": "00:41:06", "text": "and I know my peers and are there some"}, {"end": "00:41:12", "start": "00:41:09", "text": "bad things? Yeah. Like you see like you"}, {"end": "00:41:16", "start": "00:41:11", "text": "see something come out on the news on"}, {"end": "00:41:18", "start": "00:41:12", "text": "that Olympic that uh the the doctor or"}, {"end": "00:41:20", "start": "00:41:16", "text": "whatever molested all the girls"}, {"end": "00:41:22", "start": "00:41:18", "text": "apparently he came or or somebody came"}, {"end": "00:41:26", "start": "00:41:20", "text": "and brought that to the FBI and whoever"}, {"end": "00:41:28", "start": "00:41:22", "text": "got it unfortunately it was subjective"}, {"end": "00:41:29", "start": "00:41:26", "text": "not objective and you got that person"}, {"end": "00:41:31", "start": "00:41:28", "text": "that day and they said oh there's"}, {"end": "00:41:32", "start": "00:41:29", "text": "nothing here. I would have absolutely"}, {"end": "00:41:33", "start": "00:41:31", "text": "even though that wasn't even the"}, {"end": "00:41:34", "start": "00:41:32", "text": "violations I worked I would have walked"}, {"end": "00:41:37", "start": "00:41:33", "text": "that baby. we'd have figured out"}, {"end": "00:41:38", "start": "00:41:34", "text": "something cuz you know it's not right."}, {"end": "00:41:40", "start": "00:41:37", "text": "We just got to figure out what charge to"}, {"end": "00:41:44", "start": "00:41:38", "text": "go with and if it's not at a federal"}, {"end": "00:41:46", "start": "00:41:40", "text": "level, well, let's go state. Um, but"}, {"end": "00:41:50", "start": "00:41:44", "text": "it's like for me it's a lot like"}, {"end": "00:41:51", "start": "00:41:46", "text": "anything else in life. One person or a"}, {"end": "00:41:55", "start": "00:41:50", "text": "group of bad actors like the George"}, {"end": "00:41:57", "start": "00:41:51", "text": "Floyd thing. Uh, atrocious. I mean, I'm"}, {"end": "00:41:59", "start": "00:41:55", "text": "a defensive tactics instructor. I was a"}, {"end": "00:42:02", "start": "00:41:57", "text": "I was the lead tactical instructor, a"}, {"end": "00:42:04", "start": "00:41:59", "text": "firearms active shooter, SWAT operator."}, {"end": "00:42:06", "start": "00:42:02", "text": "I'm like, \"What is your goal? Is your"}, {"end": "00:42:08", "start": "00:42:04", "text": "goal to get that guy handcuffed and in"}, {"end": "00:42:11", "start": "00:42:06", "text": "the car? Then why are we doing what?"}, {"end": "00:42:13", "start": "00:42:08", "text": "What is, you know, and I and it's tough"}, {"end": "00:42:15", "start": "00:42:11", "text": "cuz a lot of us don't want a Monday"}, {"end": "00:42:19", "start": "00:42:13", "text": "morning quarterback, but we can't make"}, {"end": "00:42:21", "start": "00:42:15", "text": "those mistakes again, you know. Um, and"}, {"end": "00:42:24", "start": "00:42:19", "text": "you see that and now all cops are bad.\""}, {"end": "00:42:26", "start": "00:42:21", "text": "And I'm like, \"No, no, they're not.\" I"}, {"end": "00:42:29", "start": "00:42:24", "text": "mean, does New Orleans have a history of"}, {"end": "00:42:30", "start": "00:42:26", "text": "Kovka? Yeah. You know, does the border"}, {"end": "00:42:33", "start": "00:42:29", "text": "Yeah. Does the border Yeah. I mean,"}, {"end": "00:42:36", "start": "00:42:30", "text": "you're making when I was down, let's"}, {"end": "00:42:38", "start": "00:42:33", "text": "just say you're making 25 grand a year"}, {"end": "00:42:40", "start": "00:42:36", "text": "and then somebody says, a cartel member"}, {"end": "00:42:41", "start": "00:42:38", "text": "says, \"I'll give you 10 to 15 grand if"}, {"end": "00:42:43", "start": "00:42:40", "text": "you just turn your head for two three"}, {"end": "00:42:46", "start": "00:42:41", "text": "minutes. Let this car go through.\""}, {"end": "00:42:48", "start": "00:42:43", "text": "That's that's over half your"}, {"end": "00:42:50", "start": "00:42:46", "text": "salary. You think there's a a chance for"}, {"end": "00:42:53", "start": "00:42:48", "text": "corruption?"}, {"end": "00:42:57", "start": "00:42:50", "text": "Yeah. You know, so, uh, do I think the"}, {"end": "00:42:58", "start": "00:42:53", "text": "FBI is bad? No. Um, I've stayed very"}, {"end": "00:43:01", "start": "00:42:57", "text": "apolitical through the book and"}, {"end": "00:43:03", "start": "00:42:58", "text": "everything. Um, do I think that the FBI"}, {"end": "00:43:06", "start": "00:43:01", "text": "needed some changing? Yeah, I do"}, {"end": "00:43:08", "start": "00:43:03", "text": "personally. Absolutely. But and and like"}, {"end": "00:43:10", "start": "00:43:06", "text": "you said, 9/11, what's sad is"}, {"end": "00:43:12", "start": "00:43:08", "text": "unfortunately it usually takes some"}, {"end": "00:43:14", "start": "00:43:10", "text": "catastrophic event for everybody to come"}, {"end": "00:43:17", "start": "00:43:12", "text": "together and swing the pendulum back"}, {"end": "00:43:18", "start": "00:43:14", "text": "towards better things. And I hate that,"}, {"end": "00:43:22", "start": "00:43:17", "text": "but it just seems like that's the way it"}, {"end": "00:43:26", "start": "00:43:18", "text": "works sometimes. It just seems as"}, {"end": "00:43:29", "start": "00:43:22", "text": "though there are more and more of these"}, {"end": "00:43:33", "start": "00:43:26", "text": "groups, Free Palestine, you know, Black"}, {"end": "00:43:35", "start": "00:43:29", "text": "Lives Matter, the Clan, um, you know,"}, {"end": "00:43:37", "start": "00:43:33", "text": "the"}, {"end": "00:43:39", "start": "00:43:35", "text": "neonazis, crazy people, just all of"}, {"end": "00:43:41", "start": "00:43:37", "text": "these people"}, {"end": "00:43:43", "start": "00:43:39", "text": "who, you know, do you know who Alexander"}, {"end": "00:43:44", "start": "00:43:41", "text": "Dugan is? Name sounds for me. You"}, {"end": "00:43:50", "start": "00:43:43", "text": "should, you should read, you'd love"}, {"end": "00:43:52", "start": "00:43:44", "text": "this. He is um uh he is a guy was"}, {"end": "00:43:53", "start": "00:43:50", "text": "Putin's brain is what they called him."}, {"end": "00:43:57", "start": "00:43:52", "text": "Okay. He was Yeah. You know him. Yeah."}, {"end": "00:44:00", "start": "00:43:53", "text": "So he I mean his symbol is the ancient"}, {"end": "00:44:05", "start": "00:43:57", "text": "symbol of anarchy. Okay. And he believes"}, {"end": "00:44:09", "start": "00:44:00", "text": "and so do the the twers in um in Iran."}, {"end": "00:44:11", "start": "00:44:05", "text": "They believe that they can hasten the"}, {"end": "00:44:14", "start": "00:44:09", "text": "return of the promised one. He believes"}, {"end": "00:44:17", "start": "00:44:11", "text": "that we can hasten the correction of the"}, {"end": "00:44:21", "start": "00:44:14", "text": "world if we push the world into chaos."}, {"end": "00:44:25", "start": "00:44:17", "text": "And so they will work with anyone anyone"}, {"end": "00:44:27", "start": "00:44:21", "text": "um to bring chaos to the world. If it's"}, {"end": "00:44:30", "start": "00:44:25", "text": "going to cause problems, oh, I'll work"}, {"end": "00:44:33", "start": "00:44:27", "text": "with you. Absolutely. Cuz they want to"}, {"end": "00:44:35", "start": "00:44:30", "text": "bring their messiah back. Yeah. They"}, {"end": "00:44:38", "start": "00:44:33", "text": "want they want the world to collapse."}, {"end": "00:44:41", "start": "00:44:35", "text": "Yep. So sounds like acceleration, right?"}, {"end": "00:44:42", "start": "00:44:38", "text": "because they they think that they're"}, {"end": "00:44:44", "start": "00:44:41", "text": "going to be the ones. I'll take care of"}, {"end": "00:44:46", "start": "00:44:42", "text": "I'll take care of that group after."}, {"end": "00:44:48", "start": "00:44:44", "text": "Let's get this done. You know what I"}, {"end": "00:44:50", "start": "00:44:46", "text": "mean? And there's so many of those. And"}, {"end": "00:44:52", "start": "00:44:48", "text": "when I'm I'm reading and I'm seeing"}, {"end": "00:44:54", "start": "00:44:50", "text": "accelerationists, that's what they are,"}, {"end": "00:44:57", "start": "00:44:52", "text": "isn't it? Mhm. Yeah. But theirs ends"}, {"end": "00:45:01", "start": "00:44:54", "text": "with an ethnostate just like Well, but"}, {"end": "00:45:03", "start": "00:44:57", "text": "everybody ends, you know, the the the"}, {"end": "00:45:06", "start": "00:45:01", "text": "12vers in Iran end with an Islamic"}, {"end": "00:45:08", "start": "00:45:03", "text": "state. Yep. Uh, you know, Putin's guy"}, {"end": "00:45:10", "start": "00:45:06", "text": "ends with a Russian state. I mean, they"}, {"end": "00:45:11", "start": "00:45:08", "text": "all have that. I love how they all end"}, {"end": "00:45:15", "start": "00:45:10", "text": "with basically socialism and you get"}, {"end": "00:45:17", "start": "00:45:11", "text": "your stuff for free. Like, right. And I"}, {"end": "00:45:20", "start": "00:45:15", "text": "did ask him one time because my sense of"}, {"end": "00:45:24", "start": "00:45:17", "text": "humor again being somewhat dark."}, {"end": "00:45:26", "start": "00:45:20", "text": "Um, we were on a ruck and it's like five"}, {"end": "00:45:29", "start": "00:45:24", "text": "five of us, I don't know. And we stopped"}, {"end": "00:45:31", "start": "00:45:26", "text": "to rehydrate up on top of a mountain"}, {"end": "00:45:32", "start": "00:45:29", "text": "somewhere and and I was saying, \"Yeah.\""}, {"end": "00:45:35", "start": "00:45:31", "text": "So, we're neo-Nazis. Yeah. Okay."}, {"end": "00:45:37", "start": "00:45:32", "text": "Booaloo. Yeah, man. D-Day. Yeah, we're"}, {"end": "00:45:38", "start": "00:45:35", "text": "going to take over. Yeah. Ethnostate."}, {"end": "00:45:40", "start": "00:45:37", "text": "Cuz at the base was already looking at"}, {"end": "00:45:43", "start": "00:45:38", "text": "property in the Appalachian Mountains,"}, {"end": "00:45:44", "start": "00:45:40", "text": "was looking at prop the the North"}, {"end": "00:45:47", "start": "00:45:43", "text": "Central was looking at property in the"}, {"end": "00:45:50", "start": "00:45:44", "text": "upper peninsula of Michigan. Um Pacific"}, {"end": "00:45:51", "start": "00:45:47", "text": "Northwest had land to create your own"}, {"end": "00:45:53", "start": "00:45:50", "text": "ethnostates. Again, not a lot of"}, {"end": "00:45:56", "start": "00:45:51", "text": "forethought or afterthought. I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:45:58", "start": "00:45:53", "text": "so what do we do if the cops come? What"}, {"end": "00:46:00", "start": "00:45:56", "text": "do we do if the National Guard comes?"}, {"end": "00:46:02", "start": "00:45:58", "text": "What do we do if the Army, Navy, Air"}, {"end": "00:46:04", "start": "00:46:00", "text": "Force, Marines, Coast Guard, and anybody"}, {"end": "00:46:06", "start": "00:46:02", "text": "else comes? And it it was just and then"}, {"end": "00:46:08", "start": "00:46:04", "text": "I even asked one time I'll go, \"So,"}, {"end": "00:46:10", "start": "00:46:06", "text": "who's going to be Hitler?\" And then it"}, {"end": "00:46:11", "start": "00:46:08", "text": "just kind of like, you know, I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:46:13", "start": "00:46:10", "text": "\"Well, there going to be one. Who's"}, {"end": "00:46:14", "start": "00:46:11", "text": "going to lead this thing?\" You know,"}, {"end": "00:46:18", "start": "00:46:13", "text": "it's"}, {"end": "00:46:20", "start": "00:46:14", "text": "uh it's it's sad. And uh but you talk"}, {"end": "00:46:24", "start": "00:46:18", "text": "about like foreign influence stuff."}, {"end": "00:46:27", "start": "00:46:20", "text": "Absolutely. I mean, it's anything to"}, {"end": "00:46:31", "start": "00:46:24", "text": "create chaos. And you're right. I if"}, {"end": "00:46:34", "start": "00:46:27", "text": "people if people don't believe that our"}, {"end": "00:46:36", "start": "00:46:31", "text": "adversaries, our enemies going back to"}, {"end": "00:46:40", "start": "00:46:34", "text": "Cold War and before, right, aren't"}, {"end": "00:46:42", "start": "00:46:36", "text": "trying to feed chaos, feed things to"}, {"end": "00:46:44", "start": "00:46:40", "text": "create chaos in the United States,"}, {"end": "00:46:46", "start": "00:46:42", "text": "you're living under a rock, man. But the"}, {"end": "00:46:50", "start": "00:46:44", "text": "scary thing"}, {"end": "00:46:50", "start": "00:46:46", "text": "is is"}, {"end": "00:46:58", "start": "00:46:50", "text": "we've lost a center of truth. Mhm. And"}, {"end": "00:47:00", "start": "00:46:56", "text": "God has to be put back in. Absolutely."}, {"end": "00:47:03", "start": "00:46:58", "text": "In my opinion. Yeah. God has to be put"}, {"end": "00:47:05", "start": "00:47:00", "text": "back in. And then the foundation of the"}, {"end": "00:47:08", "start": "00:47:03", "text": "country which was based on God needs to"}, {"end": "00:47:10", "start": "00:47:05", "text": "be put back in. And we need to start"}, {"end": "00:47:13", "start": "00:47:08", "text": "putting people in jail that need to be"}, {"end": "00:47:15", "start": "00:47:10", "text": "put in jail. Stop just stop all of this"}, {"end": "00:47:18", "start": "00:47:13", "text": "crap. You know what I mean?"}, {"end": "00:47:21", "start": "00:47:15", "text": "Um, but because we haven't done that for"}, {"end": "00:47:23", "start": "00:47:18", "text": "so long, you have all these groups and"}, {"end": "00:47:25", "start": "00:47:21", "text": "you know, when you talk about the"}, {"end": "00:47:27", "start": "00:47:23", "text": "Bugaloo, they'll figure that out when"}, {"end": "00:47:30", "start": "00:47:25", "text": "they get there. They just want the"}, {"end": "00:47:32", "start": "00:47:27", "text": "collapse and and it it's everywhere. And"}, {"end": "00:47:35", "start": "00:47:30", "text": "I'm afraid regular"}, {"end": "00:47:36", "start": "00:47:32", "text": "people, if you start to really become"}, {"end": "00:47:39", "start": "00:47:35", "text": "disenfranchised, you'd be like, you know"}, {"end": "00:47:41", "start": "00:47:36", "text": "what, these guys are even though you"}, {"end": "00:47:43", "start": "00:47:39", "text": "don't believe everything, at least these"}, {"end": "00:47:46", "start": "00:47:41", "text": "guys are going to take care of it. Yeah."}, {"end": "00:47:48", "start": "00:47:43", "text": "Wow. is that trouble. Yeah. And and you"}, {"end": "00:47:50", "start": "00:47:46", "text": "know on a scale like some people be"}, {"end": "00:47:51", "start": "00:47:48", "text": "like, \"Yeah, but it's only one.\" It's"}, {"end": "00:47:52", "start": "00:47:50", "text": "kind of like you hear somebody say,"}, {"end": "00:47:54", "start": "00:47:51", "text": "\"Well, it only took over two apartment"}, {"end": "00:47:55", "start": "00:47:52", "text": "building buildings. Two two apartment"}, {"end": "00:47:59", "start": "00:47:54", "text": "buildings.\" I'm like, \"Well, one's"}, {"end": "00:48:00", "start": "00:47:55", "text": "enough.\" You know, and and I'll I I'll"}, {"end": "00:48:02", "start": "00:47:59", "text": "get on a little bit of a soap box for"}, {"end": "00:48:03", "start": "00:48:00", "text": "law enforcement here. It's very rare,"}, {"end": "00:48:05", "start": "00:48:02", "text": "especially when you're a uniform cop,"}, {"end": "00:48:07", "start": "00:48:03", "text": "that you show up and everybody's happy."}, {"end": "00:48:08", "start": "00:48:05", "text": "Yeah. Yeah. You know what I mean? Uh"}, {"end": "00:48:09", "start": "00:48:07", "text": "you're showing up when everybody's at"}, {"end": "00:48:12", "start": "00:48:08", "text": "their worst. Yeah. Usually. Yeah. It's"}, {"end": "00:48:15", "start": "00:48:09", "text": "not Facebook, right? Look how happy I am"}, {"end": "00:48:19", "start": "00:48:12", "text": "right now. look how great my life is."}, {"end": "00:48:21", "start": "00:48:15", "text": "Um, but it's you see things like that"}, {"end": "00:48:23", "start": "00:48:19", "text": "and you go, \"Yeah, until something"}, {"end": "00:48:24", "start": "00:48:21", "text": "happens to you or something happens to"}, {"end": "00:48:27", "start": "00:48:23", "text": "your family and then you want to know.\""}, {"end": "00:48:29", "start": "00:48:24", "text": "I used to always say before I retired, I"}, {"end": "00:48:33", "start": "00:48:27", "text": "only retired in 21, June of 21. I used"}, {"end": "00:48:35", "start": "00:48:29", "text": "to say, \"Look, man, don't don't hate me."}, {"end": "00:48:38", "start": "00:48:33", "text": "I'm a law enforcement officer. I'm here"}, {"end": "00:48:40", "start": "00:48:35", "text": "to serve and protect. I took an oath. My"}, {"end": "00:48:43", "start": "00:48:38", "text": "title is peace officer. That's the way I"}, {"end": "00:48:46", "start": "00:48:40", "text": "should be acting. Um, it's not always"}, {"end": "00:48:48", "start": "00:48:43", "text": "that easy. Um, especially when you get"}, {"end": "00:48:50", "start": "00:48:46", "text": "there that's a whole another tangent to"}, {"end": "00:48:52", "start": "00:48:48", "text": "go down, but the things that that law"}, {"end": "00:48:55", "start": "00:48:50", "text": "enforcement sees"}, {"end": "00:48:57", "start": "00:48:52", "text": "on a regular basis can be pretty"}, {"end": "00:48:59", "start": "00:48:55", "text": "horrific. I would say the same thing to"}, {"end": "00:49:00", "start": "00:48:57", "text": "them that I said to you at the"}, {"end": "00:49:03", "start": "00:48:59", "text": "beginning. How do how do you do it?"}, {"end": "00:49:04", "start": "00:49:00", "text": "You're seeing the very worst. How do you"}, {"end": "00:49:06", "start": "00:49:03", "text": "do? We're number one in suicide first"}, {"end": "00:49:08", "start": "00:49:04", "text": "responders. And I'll throw military on"}, {"end": "00:49:10", "start": "00:49:06", "text": "that. Military first responders. And"}, {"end": "00:49:12", "start": "00:49:08", "text": "that's not just that's that's medic."}, {"end": "00:49:15", "start": "00:49:10", "text": "That's fire. Um, first, we're we're"}, {"end": "00:49:17", "start": "00:49:12", "text": "first in suicide. We're first in"}, {"end": "00:49:18", "start": "00:49:15", "text": "divorce. We're first in alcoholism,"}, {"end": "00:49:21", "start": "00:49:17", "text": "which you can throw pills and other"}, {"end": "00:49:23", "start": "00:49:18", "text": "stuff in there now. Um, and we're"}, {"end": "00:49:24", "start": "00:49:21", "text": "usually, if we're not first, we're"}, {"end": "00:49:26", "start": "00:49:23", "text": "pretty high in dying within 5 years"}, {"end": "00:49:28", "start": "00:49:24", "text": "after retiring because it's just such a"}, {"end": "00:49:32", "start": "00:49:26", "text": "pressure cooker. But I used to always"}, {"end": "00:49:34", "start": "00:49:28", "text": "say, look, you know, don't hate me. I'm"}, {"end": "00:49:36", "start": "00:49:32", "text": "just enforcing the law. If you don't"}, {"end": "00:49:37", "start": "00:49:34", "text": "like the law, then change the law. Then"}, {"end": "00:49:39", "start": "00:49:36", "text": "that that's my parameter, right? I'm"}, {"end": "00:49:41", "start": "00:49:37", "text": "looking. This is the law. You broke the"}, {"end": "00:49:42", "start": "00:49:39", "text": "law. M and then we went through this"}, {"end": "00:49:44", "start": "00:49:41", "text": "phase where they were just picking and"}, {"end": "00:49:46", "start": "00:49:42", "text": "choosing what they wanted to charge."}, {"end": "00:49:49", "start": "00:49:44", "text": "It's like, oh, well, I disagree with"}, {"end": "00:49:51", "start": "00:49:46", "text": "that federal law. So, I think it's okay"}, {"end": "00:49:53", "start": "00:49:49", "text": "to break that one. Well, what what kind"}, {"end": "00:49:55", "start": "00:49:51", "text": "of slippery slope is that? Yeah. You"}, {"end": "00:49:56", "start": "00:49:53", "text": "know, I'm like, and then you've got"}, {"end": "00:49:58", "start": "00:49:55", "text": "agencies strapped that can't even do"}, {"end": "00:49:59", "start": "00:49:56", "text": "their job, yet you want them to go out"}, {"end": "00:50:02", "start": "00:49:58", "text": "there and be on the front line and take"}, {"end": "00:50:05", "start": "00:49:59", "text": "a break to the face. It's tough. It's"}, {"end": "00:50:07", "start": "00:50:02", "text": "tough. But for me, I just I think I love"}, {"end": "00:50:09", "start": "00:50:05", "text": "talking and I think everybody just needs"}, {"end": "00:50:11", "start": "00:50:07", "text": "to come to the table and be able to have"}, {"end": "00:50:13", "start": "00:50:09", "text": "a conversation. Agree. Like if I took"}, {"end": "00:50:17", "start": "00:50:11", "text": "I'd say it jokingly, but I'm like if I"}, {"end": "00:50:19", "start": "00:50:13", "text": "took a white supremacist and let's just"}, {"end": "00:50:21", "start": "00:50:17", "text": "say it's a black separatist cuz I've met"}, {"end": "00:50:23", "start": "00:50:19", "text": "a lot of people since I've retired like"}, {"end": "00:50:26", "start": "00:50:21", "text": "through Eradicate Hate Global Summit."}, {"end": "00:50:27", "start": "00:50:23", "text": "I'm talking about they call them that I"}, {"end": "00:50:29", "start": "00:50:26", "text": "hate to put a title but it's like a"}, {"end": "00:50:30", "start": "00:50:27", "text": "former. You're a former like you're a"}, {"end": "00:50:34", "start": "00:50:29", "text": "former radical jihadist. You're a former"}, {"end": "00:50:35", "start": "00:50:30", "text": "whisper. a former uh black separatist"}, {"end": "00:50:37", "start": "00:50:34", "text": "and we're all sitting down at a table"}, {"end": "00:50:41", "start": "00:50:35", "text": "and having a meal together because now"}, {"end": "00:50:43", "start": "00:50:37", "text": "they're with life after hate and stuff."}, {"end": "00:50:45", "start": "00:50:41", "text": "Um I don't know where I was going with"}, {"end": "00:50:47", "start": "00:50:43", "text": "it, but yeah, I was headed somewhere,"}, {"end": "00:50:49", "start": "00:50:45", "text": "but oh well. I love that when that"}, {"end": "00:50:52", "start": "00:50:47", "text": "happens. I love"}, {"end": "00:50:55", "start": "00:50:49", "text": "um let me let me take you to"}, {"end": "00:50:57", "start": "00:50:52", "text": "um how are these"}, {"end": "00:51:00", "start": "00:50:55", "text": "accelerationists attracting new people?"}, {"end": "00:51:01", "start": "00:50:57", "text": "Oh, they're big on recruitment."}, {"end": "00:51:03", "start": "00:51:00", "text": "Recruitment. You kind of hit on some of"}, {"end": "00:51:05", "start": "00:51:01", "text": "it in the gaming like you said your your"}, {"end": "00:51:07", "start": "00:51:03", "text": "kid was being groomed. Man, that happens"}, {"end": "00:51:09", "start": "00:51:05", "text": "all the time. Parents need to be aware."}, {"end": "00:51:10", "start": "00:51:07", "text": "Look, I I get not want to be a"}, {"end": "00:51:13", "start": "00:51:09", "text": "helicopter parent. I don't agree with"}, {"end": "00:51:15", "start": "00:51:10", "text": "helicopter parenting personally, but"}, {"end": "00:51:17", "start": "00:51:13", "text": "online you have you have to. I mean,"}, {"end": "00:51:20", "start": "00:51:15", "text": "there's great applications out there"}, {"end": "00:51:21", "start": "00:51:17", "text": "like Bark just like it sounds. BK, you"}, {"end": "00:51:22", "start": "00:51:20", "text": "can install that on your kids' phone."}, {"end": "00:51:24", "start": "00:51:21", "text": "Man, I don't know how many thousands of"}, {"end": "00:51:26", "start": "00:51:22", "text": "people they got working it, but they got"}, {"end": "00:51:28", "start": "00:51:24", "text": "people working it. It will notify you if"}, {"end": "00:51:31", "start": "00:51:26", "text": "there's suicidal talk, firearm talk,"}, {"end": "00:51:33", "start": "00:51:28", "text": "dope talk, sex talk, all that stuff. And"}, {"end": "00:51:35", "start": "00:51:31", "text": "it'll also quiz you as a parent to do"}, {"end": "00:51:36", "start": "00:51:33", "text": "you know what this means? This is this"}, {"end": "00:51:38", "start": "00:51:35", "text": "is the current thing right now. This is"}, {"end": "00:51:39", "start": "00:51:36", "text": "the current when you see this emoji. Do"}, {"end": "00:51:41", "start": "00:51:38", "text": "you know what that means? How long has"}, {"end": "00:51:43", "start": "00:51:39", "text": "this been out? I just my kid today my"}, {"end": "00:51:45", "start": "00:51:41", "text": "daughter is graduating from high school."}, {"end": "00:51:47", "start": "00:51:43", "text": "I would have liked that. Yeah. Listen,"}, {"end": "00:51:48", "start": "00:51:45", "text": "I'm with you. I found out from another"}, {"end": "00:51:50", "start": "00:51:47", "text": "law enforcement officer who had already"}, {"end": "00:51:52", "start": "00:51:48", "text": "done the research and development and he"}, {"end": "00:51:55", "start": "00:51:50", "text": "told me he said I'm like dude or like"}, {"end": "00:51:58", "start": "00:51:52", "text": "like I'm in the FBI office and I come in"}, {"end": "00:52:00", "start": "00:51:55", "text": "and I'm I'm very transparent and I'm"}, {"end": "00:52:02", "start": "00:51:58", "text": "talking to the guys and gals on the"}, {"end": "00:52:04", "start": "00:52:00", "text": "cyber squad about some things that I"}, {"end": "00:52:05", "start": "00:52:02", "text": "found on Snapchat when my daughters were"}, {"end": "00:52:07", "start": "00:52:04", "text": "younger and they're like, \"Oh yeah,"}, {"end": "00:52:09", "start": "00:52:05", "text": "Snapchat's a devil for young kids.\" And"}, {"end": "00:52:10", "start": "00:52:07", "text": "I'm like, \"Well, see that'd be nice for"}, {"end": "00:52:13", "start": "00:52:09", "text": "you to spread through this entire"}, {"end": "00:52:14", "start": "00:52:10", "text": "office.\" Yeah. Because I didn't know."}, {"end": "00:52:16", "start": "00:52:13", "text": "That would have been good to know about"}, {"end": "00:52:18", "start": "00:52:14", "text": "three months ago actually. You jack"}, {"end": "00:52:22", "start": "00:52:16", "text": "wagon, right? Um so yeah, just putting"}, {"end": "00:52:23", "start": "00:52:18", "text": "it out there. But gaming, huge"}, {"end": "00:52:26", "start": "00:52:22", "text": "recruitments there. But all these dark"}, {"end": "00:52:29", "start": "00:52:23", "text": "web apps like um and maybe it's not even"}, {"end": "00:52:34", "start": "00:52:26", "text": "considered dark web, but Telegram, Gab,"}, {"end": "00:52:36", "start": "00:52:29", "text": "Wire, Riot, Discord, all these things,"}, {"end": "00:52:38", "start": "00:52:34", "text": "they can be for good things, but let me"}, {"end": "00:52:40", "start": "00:52:36", "text": "just let you know that there are people"}, {"end": "00:52:43", "start": "00:52:38", "text": "with nefarious plans going to those"}, {"end": "00:52:44", "start": "00:52:40", "text": "things to recruit. Mhm. And that's how I"}, {"end": "00:52:46", "start": "00:52:43", "text": "got in the base. I went to Gab. They"}, {"end": "00:52:48", "start": "00:52:44", "text": "were posting all kinds of stuff. They"}, {"end": "00:52:49", "start": "00:52:46", "text": "would get their channel would get closed"}, {"end": "00:52:51", "start": "00:52:48", "text": "down and they would change one thing and"}, {"end": "00:52:55", "start": "00:52:49", "text": "come back. What What is What is the"}, {"end": "00:52:59", "start": "00:52:51", "text": "base? Uh they said they were a survival"}, {"end": "00:53:01", "start": "00:52:55", "text": "survivalist group um training uh for"}, {"end": "00:53:03", "start": "00:52:59", "text": "whatever. And then you start you see"}, {"end": "00:53:04", "start": "00:53:01", "text": "like save your race, join the base, and"}, {"end": "00:53:06", "start": "00:53:03", "text": "then it would have an email at Proton"}, {"end": "00:53:08", "start": "00:53:04", "text": "Mail uh because that's not in the"}, {"end": "00:53:10", "start": "00:53:06", "text": "States, right? So you can do that."}, {"end": "00:53:13", "start": "00:53:08", "text": "anything that they believe is"}, {"end": "00:53:15", "start": "00:53:10", "text": "encrypted. Uh that that in in a lot of"}, {"end": "00:53:16", "start": "00:53:13", "text": "people's mind that means okay basically"}, {"end": "00:53:19", "start": "00:53:15", "text": "the feds can't subpoena this cuz it's in"}, {"end": "00:53:22", "start": "00:53:16", "text": "another country, right? So and sometimes"}, {"end": "00:53:23", "start": "00:53:19", "text": "it's true. Um you know VK was the"}, {"end": "00:53:25", "start": "00:53:22", "text": "Russian Facebook for a long time. I"}, {"end": "00:53:28", "start": "00:53:23", "text": "don't know if it still is cuz I'm not in"}, {"end": "00:53:30", "start": "00:53:25", "text": "the game anymore but uh you go on there"}, {"end": "00:53:31", "start": "00:53:28", "text": "and it'll be like hey here's a room"}, {"end": "00:53:34", "start": "00:53:30", "text": "whites only. Well I wonder what you're"}, {"end": "00:53:37", "start": "00:53:31", "text": "going to find in there. Right. 14 words"}, {"end": "00:53:39", "start": "00:53:34", "text": "which is this is all throughout white"}, {"end": "00:53:41", "start": "00:53:37", "text": "supremacy. the 14 words coined by David"}, {"end": "00:53:44", "start": "00:53:39", "text": "Lane. I don't have it memorized anymore,"}, {"end": "00:53:45", "start": "00:53:41", "text": "but basically securing the uh uh the"}, {"end": "00:53:49", "start": "00:53:44", "text": "future of the white race and our"}, {"end": "00:53:51", "start": "00:53:45", "text": "children. Um so you start going in there"}, {"end": "00:53:52", "start": "00:53:49", "text": "and then you see like that people go to"}, {"end": "00:53:56", "start": "00:53:51", "text": "a lot of work. They'll put together"}, {"end": "00:54:00", "start": "00:53:52", "text": "these um videos where they're showing"}, {"end": "00:54:02", "start": "00:53:56", "text": "real things that happen uh where let's"}, {"end": "00:54:05", "start": "00:54:00", "text": "just say it's it's blacks attacking"}, {"end": "00:54:07", "start": "00:54:02", "text": "whites um or just brutal beatdowns and"}, {"end": "00:54:10", "start": "00:54:05", "text": "stuff and they show that stuff to get"}, {"end": "00:54:12", "start": "00:54:07", "text": "your hate going. But if you go over to"}, {"end": "00:54:14", "start": "00:54:10", "text": "the black separatist, they're showing"}, {"end": "00:54:16", "start": "00:54:12", "text": "videos of white people doing bad things"}, {"end": "00:54:18", "start": "00:54:14", "text": "to African-Americans or whatever. And"}, {"end": "00:54:20", "start": "00:54:16", "text": "it's like again, it's that whole it's"}, {"end": "00:54:21", "start": "00:54:18", "text": "evil. It's hate. It's it's the devil,"}, {"end": "00:54:23", "start": "00:54:20", "text": "man. I mean, you walk over here, you"}, {"end": "00:54:25", "start": "00:54:21", "text": "whisper in this, and a reasonable person"}, {"end": "00:54:28", "start": "00:54:23", "text": "would say, \"Both of those are true.\""}, {"end": "00:54:29", "start": "00:54:25", "text": "Yes. Let's not be a part of any of that."}, {"end": "00:54:31", "start": "00:54:28", "text": "Yeah. And they're just and they're and"}, {"end": "00:54:34", "start": "00:54:29", "text": "and they go to these great lengths to"}, {"end": "00:54:38", "start": "00:54:31", "text": "recruit in the base. Uh the rule for us"}, {"end": "00:54:40", "start": "00:54:34", "text": "was every video we released for"}, {"end": "00:54:43", "start": "00:54:38", "text": "recruitment, the next video had to be"}, {"end": "00:54:45", "start": "00:54:40", "text": "better. Had to get better every time."}, {"end": "00:54:47", "start": "00:54:43", "text": "So, putting up flyers, doing videos, and"}, {"end": "00:54:49", "start": "00:54:45", "text": "you see a lot of young kids diving in"}, {"end": "00:54:51", "start": "00:54:47", "text": "here, you know, from all over the world."}, {"end": "00:54:52", "start": "00:54:49", "text": "I mean, we had members in the base from"}, {"end": "00:54:55", "start": "00:54:51", "text": "cuz I mean, you got a you got a phone"}, {"end": "00:54:57", "start": "00:54:52", "text": "now, you got a smartphone. Um, and that"}, {"end": "00:54:59", "start": "00:54:55", "text": "shrinks the world. We had members from"}, {"end": "00:55:03", "start": "00:54:57", "text": "Australia in Australia, South Africa,"}, {"end": "00:55:06", "start": "00:54:59", "text": "Canada, the UK, Germany, I think"}, {"end": "00:55:08", "start": "00:55:03", "text": "Norway. Um, and there's plenty more. How"}, {"end": "00:55:10", "start": "00:55:06", "text": "dangerous do you think it is to where"}, {"end": "00:55:12", "start": "00:55:08", "text": "and but I don't want to get you into"}, {"end": "00:55:14", "start": "00:55:10", "text": "politics but um"}, {"end": "00:55:18", "start": "00:55:12", "text": "the in"}, {"end": "00:55:20", "start": "00:55:14", "text": "Europe they are importing all of or you"}, {"end": "00:55:23", "start": "00:55:18", "text": "know allowing all of these people to"}, {"end": "00:55:24", "start": "00:55:20", "text": "come on refugees and they're they're not"}, {"end": "00:55:26", "start": "00:55:23", "text": "listening to the people and I'm not"}, {"end": "00:55:29", "start": "00:55:24", "text": "talking white people I'm talking people"}, {"end": "00:55:32", "start": "00:55:26", "text": "who are any color but that's their"}, {"end": "00:55:34", "start": "00:55:29", "text": "country and they don't believe in this"}, {"end": "00:55:38", "start": "00:55:32", "text": "policy and they feel their country is"}, {"end": "00:55:40", "start": "00:55:34", "text": "being overrun run and nobody seems to be"}, {"end": "00:55:43", "start": "00:55:38", "text": "able to explain exactly how this is good"}, {"end": "00:55:47", "start": "00:55:40", "text": "for our country. And I'm watching these"}, {"end": "00:55:49", "start": "00:55:43", "text": "farmers, you know, with the WF thing"}, {"end": "00:55:51", "start": "00:55:47", "text": "where they're being told, \"You can't"}, {"end": "00:55:52", "start": "00:55:49", "text": "farm that land. You can't use"}, {"end": "00:55:55", "start": "00:55:51", "text": "fertilizer. You can't.\" And they're"}, {"end": "00:55:58", "start": "00:55:52", "text": "like, \"Well, how are you going to eat?\""}, {"end": "00:56:00", "start": "00:55:55", "text": "Yeah. And they nobody seems to have a"}, {"end": "00:56:02", "start": "00:55:58", "text": "good answer. And they're all going the"}, {"end": "00:56:05", "start": "00:56:00", "text": "same direction. And I look at this as a"}, {"end": "00:56:08", "start": "00:56:02", "text": "ticking time bomb for two things."}, {"end": "00:56:12", "start": "00:56:05", "text": "one civil unrest like nobody's business"}, {"end": "00:56:15", "start": "00:56:08", "text": "and extremism. When you back people into"}, {"end": "00:56:17", "start": "00:56:12", "text": "a corner and nobody is making any sense,"}, {"end": "00:56:19", "start": "00:56:15", "text": "you'll go to the only person that's"}, {"end": "00:56:22", "start": "00:56:17", "text": "saying the things that you're thinking"}, {"end": "00:56:24", "start": "00:56:19", "text": "about this deep, not thinking that"}, {"end": "00:56:25", "start": "00:56:22", "text": "they're this deep on all of those"}, {"end": "00:56:27", "start": "00:56:24", "text": "things. You know, it's like being in"}, {"end": "00:56:29", "start": "00:56:25", "text": "prison. Pretty sure I'm probably going"}, {"end": "00:56:32", "start": "00:56:27", "text": "to side with the white group cuz it's"}, {"end": "00:56:34", "start": "00:56:29", "text": "prison, you know? It's like, all right,"}, {"end": "00:56:36", "start": "00:56:32", "text": "right. Uh cuz I mean you're trying to"}, {"end": "00:56:38", "start": "00:56:34", "text": "survive at that point. Are you are you"}, {"end": "00:56:40", "start": "00:56:36", "text": "concerned about that? I I am, but again"}, {"end": "00:56:42", "start": "00:56:38", "text": "I'm an optimist and the glass is half"}, {"end": "00:56:43", "start": "00:56:40", "text": "full guy. Uh if I wasn't, I don't know."}, {"end": "00:56:47", "start": "00:56:42", "text": "I'd probably jumped off a building a"}, {"end": "00:56:50", "start": "00:56:43", "text": "long time ago, you know."}, {"end": "00:56:52", "start": "00:56:47", "text": "Um sometimes if they push far enough,"}, {"end": "00:56:54", "start": "00:56:50", "text": "hopefully everybody wakes up, hopefully"}, {"end": "00:56:57", "start": "00:56:52", "text": "a catastrophic event, something horrific"}, {"end": "00:56:59", "start": "00:56:54", "text": "doesn't have to happen. Um and they can"}, {"end": "00:57:01", "start": "00:56:57", "text": "wake up and go, \"Wait a minute, we have"}, {"end": "00:57:03", "start": "00:56:59", "text": "gone too far.\" There's humanitarian. I"}, {"end": "00:57:05", "start": "00:57:01", "text": "get the humanitarian thing. I worked the"}, {"end": "00:57:07", "start": "00:57:03", "text": "border for six and a half years. I I I"}, {"end": "00:57:09", "start": "00:57:05", "text": "was I was with the president two weeks"}, {"end": "00:57:12", "start": "00:57:07", "text": "ago and I said and he said, \"I know I'm"}, {"end": "00:57:14", "start": "00:57:09", "text": "the same way.\" I said, \"Look, if I'm"}, {"end": "00:57:17", "start": "00:57:12", "text": "living in Mexico and my town is overrun"}, {"end": "00:57:20", "start": "00:57:14", "text": "with drug lords, my kids have no chance"}, {"end": "00:57:22", "start": "00:57:17", "text": "of ever progressing. I tried to vote and"}, {"end": "00:57:23", "start": "00:57:20", "text": "they kill the guy I'm voting for.\" And"}, {"end": "00:57:26", "start": "00:57:22", "text": "America doesn't care about their"}, {"end": "00:57:27", "start": "00:57:23", "text": "borders. I am there in a heartbeat. I'm"}, {"end": "00:57:32", "start": "00:57:26", "text": "taking my whole f I'm trying to get"}, {"end": "00:57:35", "start": "00:57:27", "text": "everybody to America. I get it. I 100%"}, {"end": "00:57:38", "start": "00:57:32", "text": "get it. So, we have to have compassion"}, {"end": "00:57:41", "start": "00:57:35", "text": "and understand we also we don't want to"}, {"end": "00:57:43", "start": "00:57:38", "text": "be the Titanic without lifeboats. We we"}, {"end": "00:57:44", "start": "00:57:41", "text": "have to have life. How do you do it?"}, {"end": "00:57:46", "start": "00:57:43", "text": "They've maybe they can speed up the"}, {"end": "00:57:47", "start": "00:57:44", "text": "process. I don't know. I'm not an"}, {"end": "00:57:51", "start": "00:57:46", "text": "immigration guy. I worked with them like"}, {"end": "00:57:53", "start": "00:57:47", "text": "crazy for years. But um humanitarian"}, {"end": "00:57:55", "start": "00:57:51", "text": "side, man, I've seen a a mother and a"}, {"end": "00:57:57", "start": "00:57:53", "text": "daughter get caught cuz I' i've"}, {"end": "00:58:00", "start": "00:57:55", "text": "apprehended a load cuz when when I was"}, {"end": "00:58:03", "start": "00:57:57", "text": "in Macallen, Texas for 6 and a half"}, {"end": "00:58:05", "start": "00:58:00", "text": "years the bulk of that time, I'll say it"}, {"end": "00:58:08", "start": "00:58:03", "text": "was the flavor of the month, but it was"}, {"end": "00:58:09", "start": "00:58:05", "text": "special interest alien smuggling. So it"}, {"end": "00:58:11", "start": "00:58:08", "text": "was it was aliens. it it was"}, {"end": "00:58:13", "start": "00:58:09", "text": "undocumented aliens coming into America"}, {"end": "00:58:16", "start": "00:58:11", "text": "from threat countries, but it was very"}, {"end": "00:58:18", "start": "00:58:13", "text": "rare that you would find a pipeline, say"}, {"end": "00:58:21", "start": "00:58:16", "text": "Chinese triad from China all the way to"}, {"end": "00:58:23", "start": "00:58:18", "text": "New York City. It would be you got"}, {"end": "00:58:26", "start": "00:58:21", "text": "you've got multiple smuggling groups all"}, {"end": "00:58:29", "start": "00:58:23", "text": "on the uh the Mexico side and they're"}, {"end": "00:58:32", "start": "00:58:26", "text": "bringing people in and it might be 10"}, {"end": "00:58:34", "start": "00:58:29", "text": "loads of just what they would call other"}, {"end": "00:58:37", "start": "00:58:32", "text": "than Mexican or Mexicans and then in"}, {"end": "00:58:40", "start": "00:58:34", "text": "that 11th load you got nine Chinese or"}, {"end": "00:58:42", "start": "00:58:37", "text": "you got somebody from Yemen or so you"}, {"end": "00:58:45", "start": "00:58:40", "text": "had to it was very rare that you had"}, {"end": "00:58:48", "start": "00:58:42", "text": "this straight pipeline. Um but I've seen"}, {"end": "00:58:50", "start": "00:58:45", "text": "horrific things. I mean, and I'm I"}, {"end": "00:58:51", "start": "00:58:48", "text": "wasn't even working it every day. Um,"}, {"end": "00:58:53", "start": "00:58:50", "text": "but like a mother and a daughter who"}, {"end": "00:58:57", "start": "00:58:51", "text": "came from somewhere way away, had to"}, {"end": "00:58:58", "start": "00:58:53", "text": "come on a ship, there's no telling. I"}, {"end": "00:59:00", "start": "00:58:57", "text": "mean, I'm pretty sure, I won't get into"}, {"end": "00:59:02", "start": "00:58:58", "text": "it, but there's been horrific things"}, {"end": "00:59:03", "start": "00:59:00", "text": "that they had to go through. I know. Or"}, {"end": "00:59:05", "start": "00:59:02", "text": "you see a girl that went through"}, {"end": "00:59:09", "start": "00:59:03", "text": "Guatemala"}, {"end": "00:59:13", "start": "00:59:05", "text": "um in uh in a hidden compartment by the"}, {"end": "00:59:16", "start": "00:59:09", "text": "engine of a bus, no AC, in that heat for"}, {"end": "00:59:17", "start": "00:59:13", "text": "like 16 hours and then through Mexico in"}, {"end": "00:59:21", "start": "00:59:16", "text": "a hidden compartment next to the bus"}, {"end": "00:59:23", "start": "00:59:17", "text": "engine for 16 to 18 hours. And then you"}, {"end": "00:59:25", "start": "00:59:21", "text": "finally make it across the river and you"}, {"end": "00:59:27", "start": "00:59:23", "text": "get caught and they send them right"}, {"end": "00:59:29", "start": "00:59:25", "text": "back. Or that mother and daughter, they"}, {"end": "00:59:30", "start": "00:59:27", "text": "flew them back. And I'm like, but I've"}, {"end": "00:59:32", "start": "00:59:29", "text": "seen evil people because they were"}, {"end": "00:59:34", "start": "00:59:30", "text": "Mexican, they just kick them back across"}, {"end": "00:59:37", "start": "00:59:32", "text": "the river. And I'm telling you, Glenn,"}, {"end": "00:59:40", "start": "00:59:34", "text": "well before we're even close to"}, {"end": "00:59:42", "start": "00:59:37", "text": "finishing processing everybody or even"}, {"end": "00:59:44", "start": "00:59:40", "text": "attempting to get paperwork done, I have"}, {"end": "00:59:45", "start": "00:59:42", "text": "a source calling me and going, \"Hey,"}, {"end": "00:59:47", "start": "00:59:44", "text": "they're back in the stash house.\" And"}, {"end": "00:59:49", "start": "00:59:45", "text": "I'm like,"}, {"end": "00:59:51", "start": "00:59:47", "text": "I'm still at the Border Patrol station"}, {"end": "00:59:52", "start": "00:59:49", "text": "and they're like, \"Yeah, they're back at"}, {"end": "00:59:52", "start": "00:59:51", "text": "the house. They've already came across."}, {"end": "00:59:54", "start": "00:59:52", "text": "They've already come back across the"}, {"end": "00:59:56", "start": "00:59:52", "text": "river.\" That's the This is This is the"}, {"end": "00:59:57", "start": "00:59:54", "text": "problem, though. I think all of our"}, {"end": "01:00:01", "start": "00:59:56", "text": "compassion is"}, {"end": "01:00:03", "start": "00:59:57", "text": "misplaced if we're not thinking about"}, {"end": "01:00:07", "start": "01:00:01", "text": "the compartment next to the engine in"}, {"end": "01:00:09", "start": "01:00:03", "text": "the bus. Yeah. We if we by first of all"}, {"end": "01:00:11", "start": "01:00:07", "text": "by not being clear on what our rules"}, {"end": "01:00:13", "start": "01:00:09", "text": "are,"}, {"end": "01:00:15", "start": "01:00:11", "text": "that person wherever they are thinks"}, {"end": "01:00:18", "start": "01:00:13", "text": "they have a chance to escape whatever"}, {"end": "01:00:20", "start": "01:00:15", "text": "horror they're in and get to America."}, {"end": "01:00:21", "start": "01:00:18", "text": "And then"}, {"end": "01:00:24", "start": "01:00:20", "text": "I mean again I would do the same thing."}, {"end": "01:00:26", "start": "01:00:21", "text": "It's a dilemma because you also know"}, {"end": "01:00:30", "start": "01:00:24", "text": "that or at least I know cuz I've worked"}, {"end": "01:00:31", "start": "01:00:26", "text": "it. When that opens up, you know that"}, {"end": "01:00:32", "start": "01:00:30", "text": "bad people are going to use that for"}, {"end": "01:00:34", "start": "01:00:31", "text": "their advantage. That's what I mean. And"}, {"end": "01:00:36", "start": "01:00:32", "text": "that's what happens. All of the people"}, {"end": "01:00:39", "start": "01:00:34", "text": "along the way that are making all kinds"}, {"end": "01:00:42", "start": "01:00:36", "text": "of money and exploiting those people"}, {"end": "01:00:45", "start": "01:00:39", "text": "that we we don't seem to care about the"}, {"end": "01:00:47", "start": "01:00:42", "text": "suffering that goes on because we're"}, {"end": "01:00:49", "start": "01:00:45", "text": "unclear and all of the bad guys we're"}, {"end": "01:00:52", "start": "01:00:47", "text": "empowering. A lot of people don't know"}, {"end": "01:00:54", "start": "01:00:49", "text": "it. uh they don't want to know it and"}, {"end": "01:00:56", "start": "01:00:52", "text": "and depending on what your political"}, {"end": "01:00:59", "start": "01:00:54", "text": "stance is or what you're running for"}, {"end": "01:01:02", "start": "01:00:56", "text": "some people I mean it's politics they"}, {"end": "01:01:04", "start": "01:00:59", "text": "want you know they they they want the"}, {"end": "01:01:07", "start": "01:01:02", "text": "votes how how much do"}, {"end": "01:01:09", "start": "01:01:04", "text": "these uh I don't know clan and"}, {"end": "01:01:11", "start": "01:01:07", "text": "everything else how much do they have in"}, {"end": "01:01:14", "start": "01:01:09", "text": "common with what the drug cartels are"}, {"end": "01:01:17", "start": "01:01:11", "text": "really turning into the drug cartels"}, {"end": "01:01:19", "start": "01:01:14", "text": "seem to be it's different it's different"}, {"end": "01:01:21", "start": "01:01:17", "text": "cuz like a lot of the white supremacy"}, {"end": "01:01:23", "start": "01:01:19", "text": "stuff I did. There wasn't really a lot"}, {"end": "01:01:24", "start": "01:01:21", "text": "of I mean, if it was drugs involved, it"}, {"end": "01:01:28", "start": "01:01:23", "text": "was because they were using personally"}, {"end": "01:01:30", "start": "01:01:24", "text": "using aderall to help them shoot"}, {"end": "01:01:32", "start": "01:01:28", "text": "faster. You want some pale horse? I go,"}, {"end": "01:01:35", "start": "01:01:30", "text": "\"No, I'm good. I got coffee.\" Right. I"}, {"end": "01:01:36", "start": "01:01:32", "text": "don't even know where you got that, man."}, {"end": "01:01:39", "start": "01:01:35", "text": "It's probably got fentanel in it. You"}, {"end": "01:01:41", "start": "01:01:36", "text": "know, uh, no, I'm not going to do"}, {"end": "01:01:45", "start": "01:01:39", "text": "aderall. Uh, I didn't see a lot of that."}, {"end": "01:01:48", "start": "01:01:41", "text": "that was more about the ideology and and"}, {"end": "01:01:50", "start": "01:01:45", "text": "getting your own ethnostate or like even"}, {"end": "01:01:51", "start": "01:01:48", "text": "the clan changed from being white"}, {"end": "01:01:52", "start": "01:01:50", "text": "supremacist. They go, \"We're not white"}, {"end": "01:01:55", "start": "01:01:51", "text": "supremacist anymore. We're white"}, {"end": "01:01:57", "start": "01:01:52", "text": "separatist.\" And I'm like, \"Okay.\" Cuz"}, {"end": "01:01:59", "start": "01:01:55", "text": "it sounds less offensive. I mean, you"}, {"end": "01:02:01", "start": "01:01:57", "text": "you can have or you're the politically"}, {"end": "01:02:03", "start": "01:01:59", "text": "correct. Yeah. You can have your town"}, {"end": "01:02:05", "start": "01:02:01", "text": "look on this other side of this ridge"}, {"end": "01:02:07", "start": "01:02:03", "text": "and those pine trees. You can have all"}, {"end": "01:02:08", "start": "01:02:05", "text": "black, whatever you want. We just want"}, {"end": "01:02:10", "start": "01:02:07", "text": "our all white right here. And I think"}, {"end": "01:02:13", "start": "01:02:08", "text": "the words, it's in the book, but I"}, {"end": "01:02:17", "start": "01:02:10", "text": "forget the actual transcription. It was"}, {"end": "01:02:20", "start": "01:02:13", "text": "like, I mean, you don't see like you"}, {"end": "01:02:22", "start": "01:02:17", "text": "don't see cats and dogs having sex, so"}, {"end": "01:02:25", "start": "01:02:20", "text": "we don't like race mixing. And I'm like,"}, {"end": "01:02:28", "start": "01:02:22", "text": "that's makes absolutely okay. So that's"}, {"end": "01:02:30", "start": "01:02:25", "text": "a cat and a dog. These are two humans."}, {"end": "01:02:32", "start": "01:02:28", "text": "I'm like, I think if I see somebody with"}, {"end": "01:02:35", "start": "01:02:30", "text": "a giraffe having sex, I'm going to say"}, {"end": "01:02:37", "start": "01:02:32", "text": "no to that. I'm like, you know, I mean,"}, {"end": "01:02:39", "start": "01:02:35", "text": "I kind of see what you're saying, but I"}, {"end": "01:02:44", "start": "01:02:37", "text": "don't see what you're saying. Um, you"}, {"end": "01:02:46", "start": "01:02:39", "text": "were you were at something where um me?"}, {"end": "01:02:49", "start": "01:02:44", "text": "Yeah. You were at something where they"}, {"end": "01:02:51", "start": "01:02:46", "text": "sacrificed a goat. Ah, yes. Tell us."}, {"end": "01:02:53", "start": "01:02:49", "text": "Yes. That would not be they, that would"}, {"end": "01:02:55", "start": "01:02:51", "text": "be us. I was there and uh took part in"}, {"end": "01:02:57", "start": "01:02:53", "text": "it."}, {"end": "01:03:00", "start": "01:02:55", "text": "So, we'll circle back on that paganism"}, {"end": "01:03:02", "start": "01:02:57", "text": "thing. So, a lot of your white supremacy"}, {"end": "01:03:04", "start": "01:03:00", "text": "groups that I've been in involved with"}, {"end": "01:03:07", "start": "01:03:02", "text": "at the end, uh, were falling more"}, {"end": "01:03:09", "start": "01:03:04", "text": "towards paganism. Um, but I say that"}, {"end": "01:03:12", "start": "01:03:07", "text": "loosely because just like how the white"}, {"end": "01:03:14", "start": "01:03:09", "text": "supremacy movement took Christianity and"}, {"end": "01:03:16", "start": "01:03:12", "text": "made Christian identity, Church of Jesus"}, {"end": "01:03:17", "start": "01:03:14", "text": "Christ Christian, all that twisted"}, {"end": "01:03:20", "start": "01:03:16", "text": "Garden of Eden stuff, and there's a"}, {"end": "01:03:21", "start": "01:03:17", "text": "whole bunch of other stuff, too. The the"}, {"end": "01:03:24", "start": "01:03:20", "text": "white supremacy realm was taking"}, {"end": "01:03:27", "start": "01:03:21", "text": "paganism and twisting it and and it's"}, {"end": "01:03:30", "start": "01:03:24", "text": "not what it's supposed to be. Um, so,"}, {"end": "01:03:34", "start": "01:03:27", "text": "uh, this was the group, The Base, and it"}, {"end": "01:03:35", "start": "01:03:30", "text": "was, uh, Halloween Hate Camp 2019. Yeah,"}, {"end": "01:03:37", "start": "01:03:34", "text": "Halloween. Yeah. I mean, we didn't call"}, {"end": "01:03:39", "start": "01:03:35", "text": "it Halloween. I was going to say, I'd"}, {"end": "01:03:42", "start": "01:03:37", "text": "love to see the flyers in the school"}, {"end": "01:03:44", "start": "01:03:39", "text": "halls. Come to the Halloween hate camp."}, {"end": "01:03:47", "start": "01:03:42", "text": "Everybody's welcome. I mean, almost."}, {"end": "01:03:52", "start": "01:03:44", "text": "It's not everybody. I mean, not you, but"}, {"end": "01:03:54", "start": "01:03:47", "text": "uh, yeah. Oh, man. people. Uh, but they"}, {"end": "01:03:56", "start": "01:03:52", "text": "we had probably like 12 or 13 members"}, {"end": "01:03:59", "start": "01:03:54", "text": "come from all over the United States."}, {"end": "01:04:01", "start": "01:03:56", "text": "Uh, in North Georgia was the sale C L. I"}, {"end": "01:04:05", "start": "01:03:59", "text": "always spell it cuz I got a country"}, {"end": "01:04:09", "start": "01:04:01", "text": "accent. Um, the closest sale to me was"}, {"end": "01:04:10", "start": "01:04:05", "text": "in North Georgia. It just ends up uh,"}, {"end": "01:04:12", "start": "01:04:09", "text": "luck, divine intervention. That that's"}, {"end": "01:04:16", "start": "01:04:10", "text": "one of the people we were trying to find"}, {"end": "01:04:18", "start": "01:04:12", "text": "out about. And this guy Luke, uh, he"}, {"end": "01:04:19", "start": "01:04:16", "text": "went by the he went for the most of the"}, {"end": "01:04:21", "start": "01:04:18", "text": "time he went by TMBB, the militant"}, {"end": "01:04:23", "start": "01:04:19", "text": "Buddhist. Everybody has a moniker. I was"}, {"end": "01:04:27", "start": "01:04:21", "text": "pale horse, which is the title of the"}, {"end": "01:04:30", "start": "01:04:23", "text": "book. Um,"}, {"end": "01:04:32", "start": "01:04:27", "text": "the he had he lived on a 100 acre. Can I"}, {"end": "01:04:36", "start": "01:04:30", "text": "stop for a second? Yeah. Why the pale?"}, {"end": "01:04:38", "start": "01:04:32", "text": "Because the pale horse death. Yeah. Uh,"}, {"end": "01:04:41", "start": "01:04:36", "text": "well, the story goes like this, Glenn. I"}, {"end": "01:04:44", "start": "01:04:38", "text": "came in as white warrior, which was more"}, {"end": "01:04:46", "start": "01:04:41", "text": "of an boomer kind of a kind of a thing."}, {"end": "01:04:48", "start": "01:04:44", "text": "But of course, I'd argue back and I go,"}, {"end": "01:04:50", "start": "01:04:46", "text": "\"Well, I'm sorry. When I was in this"}, {"end": "01:04:51", "start": "01:04:48", "text": "movement, and I've been in I've been in"}, {"end": "01:04:55", "start": "01:04:50", "text": "it longer than you've probably been"}, {"end": "01:04:57", "start": "01:04:51", "text": "alive.\" Uh, we wore it proudly. Tattoos,"}, {"end": "01:04:59", "start": "01:04:55", "text": "all this stuff. I just I just twisted it"}, {"end": "01:05:01", "start": "01:04:57", "text": "to make it believable. But, uh,"}, {"end": "01:05:03", "start": "01:04:59", "text": "Pestilence was one of the main guys. And"}, {"end": "01:05:05", "start": "01:05:01", "text": "And I asked him, I said, cuz he was"}, {"end": "01:05:07", "start": "01:05:03", "text": "like, \"White Warrior is such a boomer"}, {"end": "01:05:09", "start": "01:05:05", "text": "name.\" And I'm like, \"Okay, all right."}, {"end": "01:05:11", "start": "01:05:07", "text": "First of all, I Googled it. I don't even"}, {"end": "01:05:13", "start": "01:05:09", "text": "fall within the boomer years, but"}, {"end": "01:05:15", "start": "01:05:11", "text": "whatever. You know, you little punk."}, {"end": "01:05:17", "start": "01:05:13", "text": "But, uh, I'm like, \"So, where did you"}, {"end": "01:05:18", "start": "01:05:15", "text": "come up with pestilence?\" And he said,"}, {"end": "01:05:20", "start": "01:05:17", "text": "\"Well, it's one of the four horsemen."}, {"end": "01:05:23", "start": "01:05:18", "text": "It's it's a, you know, it's the plague.\""}, {"end": "01:05:27", "start": "01:05:20", "text": "And I'm like, \"Wow, that is really"}, {"end": "01:05:29", "start": "01:05:23", "text": "cooler than mine.\" I was like, \"Now I do"}, {"end": "01:05:31", "start": "01:05:27", "text": "feel like a boomer.\" That was pretty"}, {"end": "01:05:33", "start": "01:05:29", "text": "good. And then I I said I said, \"Man,"}, {"end": "01:05:34", "start": "01:05:31", "text": "would you be offended if I took Pale"}, {"end": "01:05:36", "start": "01:05:33", "text": "Horse?\" I said, cuz I've always been"}, {"end": "01:05:39", "start": "01:05:34", "text": "fascinated with, you know, death on a"}, {"end": "01:05:40", "start": "01:05:36", "text": "pale horse, the grim reaper, you know,"}, {"end": "01:05:42", "start": "01:05:39", "text": "you throw in the Metallica song, you"}, {"end": "01:05:44", "start": "01:05:40", "text": "know, Full Horseman. Um, and he goes,"}, {"end": "01:05:45", "start": "01:05:42", "text": "\"Absolutely not, man. Take it.\" And"}, {"end": "01:05:47", "start": "01:05:44", "text": "that's how I became pale horse. I was"}, {"end": "01:05:49", "start": "01:05:45", "text": "pale horse ate eater of souls. You had"}, {"end": "01:05:52", "start": "01:05:47", "text": "to have like a thing under you. Oh my"}, {"end": "01:05:55", "start": "01:05:49", "text": "god. Yeah. Um, okay. Yeah. So, you're"}, {"end": "01:05:57", "start": "01:05:52", "text": "back with these people. Now you're cool."}, {"end": "01:05:59", "start": "01:05:55", "text": "You're at the Halloween hate party with"}, {"end": "01:06:01", "start": "01:05:57", "text": "all the kids. All the cool kids. All the"}, {"end": "01:06:03", "start": "01:05:59", "text": "cool kids. Yeah. Uh, with guns. Great."}, {"end": "01:06:08", "start": "01:06:01", "text": "on aderall. Some haven't slept in three"}, {"end": "01:06:12", "start": "01:06:03", "text": "days. Good times. Uh you think you again"}, {"end": "01:06:14", "start": "01:06:08", "text": "again, right? Jack Daniels, you know. Uh"}, {"end": "01:06:16", "start": "01:06:12", "text": "but I uh it was Halloween. We were doing"}, {"end": "01:06:19", "start": "01:06:14", "text": "this this probably be like four days of"}, {"end": "01:06:23", "start": "01:06:16", "text": "training. Um Luke's dad has a 100 acres"}, {"end": "01:06:25", "start": "01:06:19", "text": "out there and uh it was gorgeous. I"}, {"end": "01:06:27", "start": "01:06:23", "text": "mean, gorgeous land. But um"}, {"end": "01:06:30", "start": "01:06:25", "text": "unfortunately, not good things were"}, {"end": "01:06:32", "start": "01:06:27", "text": "happening on it. M but we we do like"}, {"end": "01:06:34", "start": "01:06:30", "text": "handtoh hand combat training, some"}, {"end": "01:06:37", "start": "01:06:32", "text": "firearms training and then this wicked"}, {"end": "01:06:40", "start": "01:06:34", "text": "cold front comes in and I went to charge"}, {"end": "01:06:42", "start": "01:06:37", "text": "my phone and I kind of dozed off for a"}, {"end": "01:06:43", "start": "01:06:40", "text": "bit. I wake up to them pounding on my"}, {"end": "01:06:44", "start": "01:06:42", "text": "window. Pale horse, pale horse, man,"}, {"end": "01:06:46", "start": "01:06:43", "text": "you're not going to believe it. You got"}, {"end": "01:06:48", "start": "01:06:44", "text": "to get up. I'm like, what's going on?"}, {"end": "01:06:51", "start": "01:06:46", "text": "And they had went and stole a goat or a"}, {"end": "01:06:54", "start": "01:06:48", "text": "ram. I still I've talked to owners of"}, {"end": "01:06:56", "start": "01:06:51", "text": "both. It had horns. It's pretty big. I"}, {"end": "01:06:58", "start": "01:06:54", "text": "don't know if it's a ram or a goat. I"}, {"end": "01:06:59", "start": "01:06:56", "text": "still haven't figured it out. I've even"}, {"end": "01:07:01", "start": "01:06:58", "text": "googled it and I'm like I'm still I"}, {"end": "01:07:04", "start": "01:06:59", "text": "don't know. I'm still lost. I don't"}, {"end": "01:07:06", "start": "01:07:01", "text": "know. Uh but they called it a goat and a"}, {"end": "01:07:10", "start": "01:07:04", "text": "ram. They did both. But they stole this"}, {"end": "01:07:13", "start": "01:07:06", "text": "Ram from not too far away. Um almost got"}, {"end": "01:07:15", "start": "01:07:10", "text": "caught doing it. And you got a picture"}, {"end": "01:07:18", "start": "01:07:13", "text": "the the base members. We all wore like"}, {"end": "01:07:19", "start": "01:07:15", "text": "fleckarn camo cuz that's the German"}, {"end": "01:07:22", "start": "01:07:18", "text": "camouflage pattern. Everything. What is"}, {"end": "01:07:24", "start": "01:07:19", "text": "the fleck? What is fleck tarn? It's just"}, {"end": "01:07:27", "start": "01:07:22", "text": "it's just the style of camouflage. So,"}, {"end": "01:07:28", "start": "01:07:24", "text": "not that anybody wearing Fleck Torn is"}, {"end": "01:07:30", "start": "01:07:27", "text": "has got to be a white supremacist, but"}, {"end": "01:07:32", "start": "01:07:28", "text": "that comes from Germany. But it's a"}, {"end": "01:07:36", "start": "01:07:30", "text": "German pattern, right? Drink the master."}, {"end": "01:07:37", "start": "01:07:32", "text": "You figure that out. But, um, they they"}, {"end": "01:07:40", "start": "01:07:36", "text": "woke me up and I go over there and man,"}, {"end": "01:07:41", "start": "01:07:37", "text": "they've got this this ram and it's"}, {"end": "01:07:43", "start": "01:07:40", "text": "crapping all over the bed of the truck"}, {"end": "01:07:46", "start": "01:07:41", "text": "and one of the dudes is like, cuz they"}, {"end": "01:07:48", "start": "01:07:43", "text": "got their balaclavas on, their battle"}, {"end": "01:07:50", "start": "01:07:46", "text": "rattle, which is their plate carriers,"}, {"end": "01:07:53", "start": "01:07:48", "text": "gun belt, all this stuff. and uh all"}, {"end": "01:07:55", "start": "01:07:50", "text": "fleck tarned out and and I remember one"}, {"end": "01:07:56", "start": "01:07:53", "text": "of the members, Dimma, he was like he"}, {"end": "01:07:58", "start": "01:07:55", "text": "goes, \"Man, this thing's crapping all"}, {"end": "01:07:59", "start": "01:07:56", "text": "over.\" He said, worded it different, but"}, {"end": "01:08:01", "start": "01:07:58", "text": "he's like, \"Uh, this thing's crapping"}, {"end": "01:08:02", "start": "01:07:59", "text": "all over the place.\" And I said, \"Well,"}, {"end": "01:08:05", "start": "01:08:01", "text": "man, I would be too if a bunch of big"}, {"end": "01:08:08", "start": "01:08:02", "text": "dudes with masking jerked me out of my"}, {"end": "01:08:09", "start": "01:08:05", "text": "backyard, threw me in bed.\" So, the guy"}, {"end": "01:08:12", "start": "01:08:08", "text": "that was going to be leading the blot,"}, {"end": "01:08:15", "start": "01:08:09", "text": "which is supposed to be the uh the the"}, {"end": "01:08:19", "start": "01:08:12", "text": "ceremony for paganism,"}, {"end": "01:08:23", "start": "01:08:15", "text": "um was a guy named Eisen. and he was not"}, {"end": "01:08:26", "start": "01:08:19", "text": "necessarily like a Satru certified. He"}, {"end": "01:08:30", "start": "01:08:23", "text": "was just twisting it. Um, but he was"}, {"end": "01:08:32", "start": "01:08:26", "text": "going to sacrifice the goat Ram and he"}, {"end": "01:08:33", "start": "01:08:30", "text": "named it Gar because his middle name is"}, {"end": "01:08:36", "start": "01:08:32", "text": "Garfield after his grandfather Garfield."}, {"end": "01:08:38", "start": "01:08:33", "text": "And I'm like, we're naming the goat that"}, {"end": "01:08:40", "start": "01:08:36", "text": "we're going to sacrifice? Okay, man. I"}, {"end": "01:08:42", "start": "01:08:38", "text": "And I remember walking up to him and I"}, {"end": "01:08:45", "start": "01:08:40", "text": "was like, \"Hey, is it bad that I feel"}, {"end": "01:08:46", "start": "01:08:42", "text": "sorry for the goat?\" And he's like, you"}, {"end": "01:08:47", "start": "01:08:45", "text": "said that to him? Yeah. said, and he's"}, {"end": "01:08:51", "start": "01:08:46", "text": "like, \"Oh, don't let the goat hear you"}, {"end": "01:08:51", "start": "01:08:47", "text": "say that.\" And I'm like,"}, {"end": "01:08:56", "start": "01:08:52", "text": "\"Oh crap, it's too late. I just had a"}, {"end": "01:08:57", "start": "01:08:54", "text": "conversation with I'm pretty sure he's"}, {"end": "01:09:01", "start": "01:08:56", "text": "thinking other things right now.\" You"}, {"end": "01:09:03", "start": "01:08:57", "text": "know, um and and he said this, you we've"}, {"end": "01:09:05", "start": "01:09:01", "text": "got to show this goat love. We're going"}, {"end": "01:09:07", "start": "01:09:03", "text": "to be sacrificing this goat to Odin."}, {"end": "01:09:11", "start": "01:09:05", "text": "It's going to Valhalla to kick off the"}, {"end": "01:09:13", "start": "01:09:07", "text": "wild hunt. Well, in Norse myth Norse"}, {"end": "01:09:16", "start": "01:09:11", "text": "mythology, the wild hunt is essentially"}, {"end": "01:09:18", "start": "01:09:13", "text": "Odin and some other gods going out and"}, {"end": "01:09:21", "start": "01:09:16", "text": "just destroying their enemies all"}, {"end": "01:09:22", "start": "01:09:18", "text": "through the night and rape pillillage"}, {"end": "01:09:23", "start": "01:09:21", "text": "kind of stuff. I don't I don't think"}, {"end": "01:09:27", "start": "01:09:22", "text": "it's a raven pillillage. I think destroy"}, {"end": "01:09:29", "start": "01:09:23", "text": "them. Yeah. Um but I'm not a guru on it."}, {"end": "01:09:31", "start": "01:09:27", "text": "Uh but what do you know? You don't know"}, {"end": "01:09:33", "start": "01:09:29", "text": "the difference between a goat and a ram."}, {"end": "01:09:38", "start": "01:09:31", "text": "I know, right? It looks the same. I'm"}, {"end": "01:09:40", "start": "01:09:33", "text": "not going to lie. Um, but the uh he in"}, {"end": "01:09:42", "start": "01:09:38", "text": "his twisted version, the wild hunt after"}, {"end": "01:09:46", "start": "01:09:40", "text": "the sacrifice was going to be the"}, {"end": "01:09:48", "start": "01:09:42", "text": "kickoff of the the wild hunt to the base"}, {"end": "01:09:51", "start": "01:09:46", "text": "neo-Nazi accelerationist movement was"}, {"end": "01:09:55", "start": "01:09:48", "text": "going to be uh us starting to cleanse"}, {"end": "01:09:59", "start": "01:09:51", "text": "the world of anti-fascist non-whites."}, {"end": "01:10:03", "start": "01:09:55", "text": "Um, so I I went over to my listening"}, {"end": "01:10:05", "start": "01:09:59", "text": "device, one of my devices. um won't say"}, {"end": "01:10:06", "start": "01:10:03", "text": "what it was where it was for"}, {"end": "01:10:07", "start": "01:10:05", "text": "tradecraftraft, but I mean heck, I could"}, {"end": "01:10:10", "start": "01:10:06", "text": "have picked up a phone and called"}, {"end": "01:10:11", "start": "01:10:07", "text": "somebody, but I'm like I tell the cuz I"}, {"end": "01:10:12", "start": "01:10:10", "text": "know the case team's listening and"}, {"end": "01:10:15", "start": "01:10:11", "text": "they're and they're covering me because"}, {"end": "01:10:18", "start": "01:10:12", "text": "I'm in the I'm on this farm for 4 days,"}, {"end": "01:10:20", "start": "01:10:15", "text": "so I'm covered for 4 days."}, {"end": "01:10:22", "start": "01:10:18", "text": "And I I leaned in and I'm like, \"Hey"}, {"end": "01:10:24", "start": "01:10:20", "text": "man, uh I don't know if you guys heard"}, {"end": "01:10:26", "start": "01:10:22", "text": "basically, but I think we're getting"}, {"end": "01:10:28", "start": "01:10:24", "text": "ready to go sacrifice this animal.\" And"}, {"end": "01:10:30", "start": "01:10:26", "text": "I'm running it through my mind. And I'm"}, {"end": "01:10:31", "start": "01:10:28", "text": "thinking as an undercover coordinator, a"}, {"end": "01:10:34", "start": "01:10:30", "text": "senior investigator, I'm thinking all"}, {"end": "01:10:38", "start": "01:10:31", "text": "the policies and I'm like laws. I'm"}, {"end": "01:10:40", "start": "01:10:34", "text": "like, I I can't come up with a reason in"}, {"end": "01:10:42", "start": "01:10:38", "text": "my head to not go and and blow this"}, {"end": "01:10:43", "start": "01:10:40", "text": "whole thing. I said, but if you guys"}, {"end": "01:10:46", "start": "01:10:42", "text": "don't want me to do this and you want me"}, {"end": "01:10:49", "start": "01:10:43", "text": "to shut it down or walk away, give me a"}, {"end": "01:10:51", "start": "01:10:46", "text": "sign. And I sat there and I waited and I"}, {"end": "01:10:54", "start": "01:10:49", "text": "waited and I waited and I'm like this"}, {"end": "01:10:57", "start": "01:10:51", "text": "leaning over the device and I'm"}, {"end": "01:10:58", "start": "01:10:54", "text": "like, \"Well, I guess I'm going down to"}, {"end": "01:11:01", "start": "01:10:57", "text": "the woods for this sacrifice then, you"}, {"end": "01:11:04", "start": "01:10:58", "text": "know, however I worded it.\" And we went"}, {"end": "01:11:07", "start": "01:11:01", "text": "down in the woods and uh Eisen said some"}, {"end": "01:11:10", "start": "01:11:04", "text": "things talking about the wild hunt and"}, {"end": "01:11:13", "start": "01:11:07", "text": "what the sacrifice was going to be and"}, {"end": "01:11:15", "start": "01:11:10", "text": "he had something similar to a machete"}, {"end": "01:11:16", "start": "01:11:13", "text": "and he went to come down on the back of"}, {"end": "01:11:19", "start": "01:11:15", "text": "his neck. He was he was like he's a"}, {"end": "01:11:21", "start": "01:11:16", "text": "pretty stocky kid. He's he's like doing"}, {"end": "01:11:22", "start": "01:11:19", "text": "his practice swings and fun. Somebody's"}, {"end": "01:11:26", "start": "01:11:21", "text": "like just do it. And we're all in a"}, {"end": "01:11:28", "start": "01:11:22", "text": "circle on our knees around the goat. Um"}, {"end": "01:11:30", "start": "01:11:26", "text": "and ram whatever. And I'm at the back of"}, {"end": "01:11:32", "start": "01:11:28", "text": "it. I still don't know how I got at the"}, {"end": "01:11:34", "start": "01:11:30", "text": "back of it. Wasn't the wisest thing, but"}, {"end": "01:11:36", "start": "01:11:32", "text": "that's where I'm at. Like musical"}, {"end": "01:11:39", "start": "01:11:34", "text": "chairs. That's the spot I got, you know."}, {"end": "01:11:41", "start": "01:11:36", "text": "Um and he comes down fullfledg with the"}, {"end": "01:11:43", "start": "01:11:39", "text": "blade. And yeah, I don't even think it"}, {"end": "01:11:46", "start": "01:11:41", "text": "broke a hair. I don't know if the blade"}, {"end": "01:11:49", "start": "01:11:43", "text": "was dull or if the backstrap of the ram"}, {"end": "01:11:51", "start": "01:11:46", "text": "was so thick, but it just went like that"}, {"end": "01:11:53", "start": "01:11:49", "text": "and I went, \"Oh man, somebody's like,"}, {"end": "01:11:54", "start": "01:11:51", "text": "\"Hit it again. Do it again.\" And"}, {"end": "01:11:55", "start": "01:11:53", "text": "somebody's like, \"It's probably going to"}, {"end": "01:11:57", "start": "01:11:54", "text": "take more than one swing.\" I guess he"}, {"end": "01:12:00", "start": "01:11:55", "text": "was picturing like a guillotine, like"}, {"end": "01:12:01", "start": "01:11:57", "text": "the head was going to come off. Um, and"}, {"end": "01:12:03", "start": "01:12:00", "text": "then somebody says, \"Does anybody have a"}, {"end": "01:12:06", "start": "01:12:01", "text": "gun?\" We weren't supposed to bring any"}, {"end": "01:12:08", "start": "01:12:03", "text": "weapons down there. The one guy who was"}, {"end": "01:12:10", "start": "01:12:06", "text": "the least qualified to be handling a"}, {"end": "01:12:12", "start": "01:12:08", "text": "live firearm who hadn't slept in"}, {"end": "01:12:14", "start": "01:12:10", "text": "probably two or three days was the guy"}, {"end": "01:12:17", "start": "01:12:12", "text": "who had the gun. And it even shocked"}, {"end": "01:12:18", "start": "01:12:14", "text": "Luke TMP cuz me and Luke were like,"}, {"end": "01:12:20", "start": "01:12:17", "text": "\"What?\" And he like, \"What are you"}, {"end": "01:12:23", "start": "01:12:18", "text": "doing?\" And Luke took the gun from him,"}, {"end": "01:12:25", "start": "01:12:20", "text": "hands it, and it gets past. Well, Eisen"}, {"end": "01:12:29", "start": "01:12:23", "text": "chambers"}, {"end": "01:12:31", "start": "01:12:25", "text": "around, points towards the goat ram, the"}, {"end": "01:12:33", "start": "01:12:29", "text": "head, and then looks away. We're all in"}, {"end": "01:12:35", "start": "01:12:31", "text": "a circle. So, the instructor in me comes"}, {"end": "01:12:37", "start": "01:12:33", "text": "I'm like, \"Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa."}, {"end": "01:12:39", "start": "01:12:35", "text": "What are you doing?\" And he's like,"}, {"end": "01:12:42", "start": "01:12:37", "text": "\"What?\" And I go, \"Man, look at what"}, {"end": "01:12:45", "start": "01:12:39", "text": "you're shooting. We're all in a"}, {"end": "01:12:50", "start": "01:12:42", "text": "circle, Jack Wagon.\" You know, I mean,"}, {"end": "01:12:53", "start": "01:12:45", "text": "you know, for Odin and everything, you"}, {"end": "01:12:54", "start": "01:12:50", "text": "know? I mean, we're supposed to look cuz"}, {"end": "01:12:57", "start": "01:12:53", "text": "he told me, \"We need to show this goat"}, {"end": "01:12:59", "start": "01:12:54", "text": "love. This this goat is being blessed."}, {"end": "01:13:01", "start": "01:12:57", "text": "It needs to.\" So, he comes, he finally"}, {"end": "01:13:03", "start": "01:12:59", "text": "looks and puts it in. Pow! And you hear"}, {"end": "01:13:05", "start": "01:13:01", "text": "hear on the recording. You hear it fall"}, {"end": "01:13:07", "start": "01:13:03", "text": "on the ground. It kicks for minutes."}, {"end": "01:13:09", "start": "01:13:05", "text": "It's still shivering. I'm like, I don't"}, {"end": "01:13:11", "start": "01:13:07", "text": "know if it's dead or not. I'm like, man,"}, {"end": "01:13:13", "start": "01:13:09", "text": "put another bullet in it. And he's like,"}, {"end": "01:13:15", "start": "01:13:11", "text": "uh, he goes, I'm pretty sure it's dead."}, {"end": "01:13:18", "start": "01:13:13", "text": "And I go, you know, for the goat. It"}, {"end": "01:13:20", "start": "01:13:15", "text": "needs to be love. Yeah, love. Going to"}, {"end": "01:13:23", "start": "01:13:18", "text": "Odin. It's in Valhalla"}, {"end": "01:13:25", "start": "01:13:20", "text": "kind of. It's still wiggling. Finish it."}, {"end": "01:13:27", "start": "01:13:23", "text": "And then he finished it. And then they,"}, {"end": "01:13:28", "start": "01:13:25", "text": "you think you're done and you're not."}, {"end": "01:13:32", "start": "01:13:27", "text": "They go and slice the throat of the"}, {"end": "01:13:35", "start": "01:13:28", "text": "goat, fill up a big cup with this blood,"}, {"end": "01:13:36", "start": "01:13:32", "text": "and I'm holding a flashlight for Eisen."}, {"end": "01:13:37", "start": "01:13:35", "text": "Everybody's still on their knees, and"}, {"end": "01:13:39", "start": "01:13:36", "text": "we're going cuz we're in the middle of"}, {"end": "01:13:41", "start": "01:13:37", "text": "the woods, it's pitch black. Um, except"}, {"end": "01:13:43", "start": "01:13:39", "text": "for the torches, and I'm shining the"}, {"end": "01:13:45", "start": "01:13:41", "text": "light, and he brought acid. So, now he's"}, {"end": "01:13:48", "start": "01:13:43", "text": "tearing off"}, {"end": "01:13:51", "start": "01:13:45", "text": "acid hits off the sheet and giving it to"}, {"end": "01:13:55", "start": "01:13:48", "text": "members. Almost every member did it. Um,"}, {"end": "01:13:56", "start": "01:13:51", "text": "a couple of us didn't. Um but uh it"}, {"end": "01:13:58", "start": "01:13:55", "text": "gives them that and they chase it with"}, {"end": "01:14:00", "start": "01:13:56", "text": "the blood as part of the sacrifice. So"}, {"end": "01:14:03", "start": "01:13:58", "text": "by the time the cup gets to me, the"}, {"end": "01:14:06", "start": "01:14:00", "text": "blood is all coagulating. It's chunky."}, {"end": "01:14:08", "start": "01:14:03", "text": "It's like clotted. It's like like old"}, {"end": "01:14:10", "start": "01:14:06", "text": "thick egg yolky looking. And I'm looking"}, {"end": "01:14:12", "start": "01:14:08", "text": "going, \"Man, I really don't want to"}, {"end": "01:14:13", "start": "01:14:10", "text": "drink this.\" And I think it was Eisen"}, {"end": "01:14:15", "start": "01:14:12", "text": "that gave me an out. He said, \"You can"}, {"end": "01:14:16", "start": "01:14:13", "text": "just dip your finger and taste it. It"}, {"end": "01:14:18", "start": "01:14:15", "text": "was getting I was like, \"This thing is"}, {"end": "01:14:20", "start": "01:14:16", "text": "getting thick.\" And I dipped my whole"}, {"end": "01:14:22", "start": "01:14:18", "text": "finger down to blood. Suck in my mouth."}, {"end": "01:14:26", "start": "01:14:20", "text": "Sucked all sucked all the blood off. And"}, {"end": "01:14:28", "start": "01:14:22", "text": "then they cut the head of it off. Uh"}, {"end": "01:14:31", "start": "01:14:26", "text": "threw its inards in the creek. Some"}, {"end": "01:14:33", "start": "01:14:28", "text": "members tried to cook it. Uh it's the g"}, {"end": "01:14:35", "start": "01:14:31", "text": "it's not made for eating. Not made for"}, {"end": "01:14:38", "start": "01:14:33", "text": "eating, Glenn. That was the gamiest meat"}, {"end": "01:14:40", "start": "01:14:35", "text": "I've ever tasted in my entire life."}, {"end": "01:14:42", "start": "01:14:38", "text": "Um, and then we carried the head around"}, {"end": "01:14:46", "start": "01:14:40", "text": "for like three more days and there there"}, {"end": "01:14:48", "start": "01:14:42", "text": "was photos of us blasted all over BBC"}, {"end": "01:14:50", "start": "01:14:46", "text": "and cuz it turns out there was another"}, {"end": "01:14:53", "start": "01:14:48", "text": "uh member of the base that was not law"}, {"end": "01:14:55", "start": "01:14:50", "text": "enforcement but was working for like"}, {"end": "01:14:58", "start": "01:14:53", "text": "either Southern Poverty Law Center or"}, {"end": "01:14:59", "start": "01:14:55", "text": "something like that and uh he had gotten"}, {"end": "01:15:01", "start": "01:14:58", "text": "the pictures and and we didn't know"}, {"end": "01:15:03", "start": "01:14:59", "text": "where it was coming from but we"}, {"end": "01:15:04", "start": "01:15:01", "text": "eventually found out but that's why it"}, {"end": "01:15:06", "start": "01:15:03", "text": "was next thing you know it's all over"}, {"end": "01:15:08", "start": "01:15:04", "text": "the news and here we are and there I am"}, {"end": "01:15:10", "start": "01:15:06", "text": "in the picture with You can't tell cuz"}, {"end": "01:15:12", "start": "01:15:08", "text": "we're uh all covered up because nobody"}, {"end": "01:15:14", "start": "01:15:10", "text": "wants to get doxed. That was the big"}, {"end": "01:15:16", "start": "01:15:12", "text": "thing with the with them is if you get"}, {"end": "01:15:18", "start": "01:15:14", "text": "doxed then you lose. The the far left"}, {"end": "01:15:21", "start": "01:15:16", "text": "was really good about showing up and"}, {"end": "01:15:22", "start": "01:15:18", "text": "protesting at your house, your kids"}, {"end": "01:15:24", "start": "01:15:21", "text": "school, your and then you lose"}, {"end": "01:15:27", "start": "01:15:22", "text": "everything because everybody now knows"}, {"end": "01:15:30", "start": "01:15:24", "text": "you're a white supremacist."}, {"end": "01:15:31", "start": "01:15:27", "text": "Did you ever did you struggle because"}, {"end": "01:15:33", "start": "01:15:30", "text": "you"}, {"end": "01:15:35", "start": "01:15:31", "text": "are your faith is so important. Did you"}, {"end": "01:15:38", "start": "01:15:33", "text": "ever struggle with I'm not kneeling at"}, {"end": "01:15:39", "start": "01:15:35", "text": "this goat and this sacrifice and even"}, {"end": "01:15:42", "start": "01:15:38", "text": "letting this blood? How how did you deal"}, {"end": "01:15:46", "start": "01:15:39", "text": "with that? I I would say yes and no"}, {"end": "01:15:48", "start": "01:15:42", "text": "because I know that my belief I'm right"}, {"end": "01:15:50", "start": "01:15:46", "text": "with my Lord and I've talked to even"}, {"end": "01:15:52", "start": "01:15:48", "text": "pastors about it. You know, I'm like,"}, {"end": "01:15:54", "start": "01:15:50", "text": "\"Hey, I'm doing this, you know, cuz like"}, {"end": "01:15:57", "start": "01:15:52", "text": "my my tattoos on this whole arm, it's"}, {"end": "01:15:59", "start": "01:15:54", "text": "Viking warrior stuff, but for me it's"}, {"end": "01:16:01", "start": "01:15:57", "text": "the armor of God. I've got the shield."}, {"end": "01:16:03", "start": "01:15:59", "text": "I've got the boots. I've got the belt."}, {"end": "01:16:04", "start": "01:16:01", "text": "I've got the helmet. I've got it all in"}, {"end": "01:16:06", "start": "01:16:03", "text": "there and that's what it means to me."}, {"end": "01:16:10", "start": "01:16:04", "text": "And once I retired, I put the Ephesians"}, {"end": "01:16:14", "start": "01:16:06", "text": "uh verse on there. But uh I'm in work"}, {"end": "01:16:14", "start": "01:16:10", "text": "mode and I and and I I know"}, {"end": "01:16:19", "start": "01:16:14", "text": "that somebody had to kick Satan out of"}, {"end": "01:16:23", "start": "01:16:17", "text": "heaven. You know what I mean? somebody."}, {"end": "01:16:26", "start": "01:16:19", "text": "So, I the L there was there was times uh"}, {"end": "01:16:28", "start": "01:16:23", "text": "where I've crashed mentally, physically,"}, {"end": "01:16:32", "start": "01:16:26", "text": "and I had to really had to have a come"}, {"end": "01:16:33", "start": "01:16:28", "text": "to Jesus meeting and and pray and figure"}, {"end": "01:16:36", "start": "01:16:32", "text": "out, am I ever going to be able to get"}, {"end": "01:16:38", "start": "01:16:33", "text": "back to where I was at? What hit me"}, {"end": "01:16:40", "start": "01:16:36", "text": "after all these days of praying is that"}, {"end": "01:16:42", "start": "01:16:38", "text": "it was what I heard was the Lord saying"}, {"end": "01:16:44", "start": "01:16:40", "text": "back, \"Son, you would have never been"}, {"end": "01:16:46", "start": "01:16:42", "text": "able to do what you did if it wasn't me"}, {"end": "01:16:49", "start": "01:16:44", "text": "for blessing you in the first place.\""}, {"end": "01:16:52", "start": "01:16:46", "text": "So, I know that I've been blessed with"}, {"end": "01:16:55", "start": "01:16:49", "text": "that and and I'm I'm doing that. Uh I'm"}, {"end": "01:16:57", "start": "01:16:52", "text": "not I'm not really worshiping. Right."}, {"end": "01:16:59", "start": "01:16:55", "text": "Right. Right. Cuz there's a part in the"}, {"end": "01:17:01", "start": "01:16:57", "text": "there's that same weekend there's a part"}, {"end": "01:17:04", "start": "01:16:59", "text": "in the book I go into detail about where"}, {"end": "01:17:07", "start": "01:17:01", "text": "we do a bonfire two days after. Uh cuz"}, {"end": "01:17:09", "start": "01:17:04", "text": "the second day was completely blown"}, {"end": "01:17:10", "start": "01:17:07", "text": "because almost everybody did acid. So"}, {"end": "01:17:15", "start": "01:17:09", "text": "there was no training. Everybody was"}, {"end": "01:17:18", "start": "01:17:10", "text": "still high. But um we had a bonfire"}, {"end": "01:17:20", "start": "01:17:15", "text": "uh burning Bibles, burning American"}, {"end": "01:17:23", "start": "01:17:18", "text": "flags, death to"}, {"end": "01:17:25", "start": "01:17:20", "text": "America, f your Jewish God. All"}, {"end": "01:17:27", "start": "01:17:23", "text": "everything you can picture being yelled"}, {"end": "01:17:31", "start": "01:17:25", "text": "was being yelled there. How many people?"}, {"end": "01:17:32", "start": "01:17:27", "text": "Like 13 maybe. Okay. Um and uh must have"}, {"end": "01:17:35", "start": "01:17:31", "text": "been"}, {"end": "01:17:37", "start": "01:17:32", "text": "so you just like you just must at some"}, {"end": "01:17:40", "start": "01:17:35", "text": "point just go this is pathe your people"}, {"end": "01:17:43", "start": "01:17:37", "text": "are pathetic. You have 13 people in the"}, {"end": "01:17:45", "start": "01:17:40", "text": "woods. Yeah. You're pathetic. Well, it's"}, {"end": "01:17:49", "start": "01:17:43", "text": "But they found a bond. They a lot of"}, {"end": "01:17:51", "start": "01:17:45", "text": "those guys have been bullied. Um uh are"}, {"end": "01:17:55", "start": "01:17:49", "text": "outcasts. Some of them are on the"}, {"end": "01:17:59", "start": "01:17:51", "text": "spectrum a little bit. Uh autism"}, {"end": "01:18:01", "start": "01:17:55", "text": "spectrum. Um you've got uh can't get a"}, {"end": "01:18:03", "start": "01:17:59", "text": "partner and they sit in their bedroom"}, {"end": "01:18:05", "start": "01:18:01", "text": "all night on this phone and dive down"}, {"end": "01:18:07", "start": "01:18:03", "text": "rabbit holes of hate and find"}, {"end": "01:18:11", "start": "01:18:05", "text": "like-minded people who have been treated"}, {"end": "01:18:14", "start": "01:18:07", "text": "the same way. So they've"}, {"end": "01:18:16", "start": "01:18:11", "text": "a lot. I mean, they some of them can be"}, {"end": "01:18:19", "start": "01:18:14", "text": "fixed. They've just been led down the"}, {"end": "01:18:21", "start": "01:18:16", "text": "wrong path. Um, but yeah, at that"}, {"end": "01:18:24", "start": "01:18:19", "text": "moment, a little crazy. Little crazy,"}, {"end": "01:18:25", "start": "01:18:21", "text": "but they're burning the Bibles. And, uh,"}, {"end": "01:18:27", "start": "01:18:24", "text": "we watched I watched the flames go up."}, {"end": "01:18:29", "start": "01:18:25", "text": "It's even on the video, the propaganda"}, {"end": "01:18:32", "start": "01:18:27", "text": "video, you see them open face, put it"}, {"end": "01:18:34", "start": "01:18:29", "text": "down in the fire, and the fire goes up,"}, {"end": "01:18:37", "start": "01:18:32", "text": "it comes back down. Um, one of the"}, {"end": "01:18:39", "start": "01:18:34", "text": "members is stoking the coals and you"}, {"end": "01:18:41", "start": "01:18:37", "text": "know now it's he's trying to get the"}, {"end": "01:18:43", "start": "01:18:39", "text": "fire going again and a Bible flips over,"}, {"end": "01:18:46", "start": "01:18:41", "text": "opens up, not a page burn on it. Singed"}, {"end": "01:18:48", "start": "01:18:43", "text": "on the edge and on the B but pages he"}, {"end": "01:18:50", "start": "01:18:46", "text": "had to start tearing them out page by"}, {"end": "01:18:51", "start": "01:18:48", "text": "page get the fire going again and I'm"}, {"end": "01:18:53", "start": "01:18:50", "text": "thinking that was pretty odd you know"}, {"end": "01:18:55", "start": "01:18:51", "text": "but then people talk science they're"}, {"end": "01:18:56", "start": "01:18:53", "text": "like well some of the Bibles the pages"}, {"end": "01:18:58", "start": "01:18:55", "text": "made out of clay it doesn't burn. I'm"}, {"end": "01:19:00", "start": "01:18:56", "text": "like whatever. I'm like I watched it"}, {"end": "01:19:02", "start": "01:18:58", "text": "burn an American flag and you know"}, {"end": "01:19:05", "start": "01:19:00", "text": "whatever. Uh,"}, {"end": "01:19:08", "start": "01:19:02", "text": "so flames go up, it's dying back down."}, {"end": "01:19:11", "start": "01:19:05", "text": "Guy starts stoking the coals again."}, {"end": "01:19:13", "start": "01:19:08", "text": "Second Bible flips open unburnt. I wish"}, {"end": "01:19:16", "start": "01:19:11", "text": "I could have seen what what book it was."}, {"end": "01:19:18", "start": "01:19:13", "text": "That would have been cool. But one of"}, {"end": "01:19:20", "start": "01:19:16", "text": "the members said, \"Man, these effing"}, {"end": "01:19:24", "start": "01:19:18", "text": "Bibles just won't"}, {"end": "01:19:28", "start": "01:19:20", "text": "burn.\" And I did my little I didn't do"}, {"end": "01:19:30", "start": "01:19:24", "text": "it in my head. I did it. I did a little"}, {"end": "01:19:32", "start": "01:19:28", "text": "little Sammy social dance. I look up, I"}, {"end": "01:19:34", "start": "01:19:30", "text": "go, that's pretty cool. I get it. You"}, {"end": "01:19:37", "start": "01:19:32", "text": "know, uh, but yeah, it's tough. I got to"}, {"end": "01:19:41", "start": "01:19:34", "text": "that weekend. I went I got home, I felt"}, {"end": "01:19:42", "start": "01:19:37", "text": "dirty. Um, I reached out to my pastor. I"}, {"end": "01:19:44", "start": "01:19:41", "text": "said, \"Man, I may need you to pray over"}, {"end": "01:19:46", "start": "01:19:42", "text": "me a little bit, you know, and and just"}, {"end": "01:19:48", "start": "01:19:44", "text": "get my head back in the game.\" How'd"}, {"end": "01:19:50", "start": "01:19:46", "text": "your How'd your wife deal with all the"}, {"end": "01:19:53", "start": "01:19:48", "text": "time that you were gone, everything that"}, {"end": "01:19:54", "start": "01:19:50", "text": "you would go through, come back home? If"}, {"end": "01:19:56", "start": "01:19:53", "text": "you talk to her, she says she just gave"}, {"end": "01:19:58", "start": "01:19:54", "text": "it up to God. Because back in the"}, {"end": "01:20:02", "start": "01:19:56", "text": "outlaws case, that would have been like"}, {"end": "01:20:05", "start": "01:19:58", "text": "2005 to 2007 or eight"}, {"end": "01:20:07", "start": "01:20:02", "text": "and I didn't know."}, {"end": "01:20:10", "start": "01:20:05", "text": "Um that's why I said I thought I was"}, {"end": "01:20:14", "start": "01:20:07", "text": "doing pretty good and I wasn't. Uh but"}, {"end": "01:20:15", "start": "01:20:10", "text": "she would be so nervous uh and worried"}, {"end": "01:20:17", "start": "01:20:14", "text": "that she would just move furniture all"}, {"end": "01:20:19", "start": "01:20:15", "text": "the time. I'd come home, the house would"}, {"end": "01:20:20", "start": "01:20:17", "text": "be completely ar rearranged and she"}, {"end": "01:20:24", "start": "01:20:19", "text": "finally said, \"Look, I got to give it up"}, {"end": "01:20:25", "start": "01:20:20", "text": "to God u because she can't control it.\""}, {"end": "01:20:28", "start": "01:20:24", "text": "And I and I'm like, if it's my time to"}, {"end": "01:20:30", "start": "01:20:25", "text": "go, it's my time to go, you know. Uh and"}, {"end": "01:20:31", "start": "01:20:28", "text": "I'm not going in lax and I've got a"}, {"end": "01:20:34", "start": "01:20:30", "text": "skill set and I think I'm good at, you"}, {"end": "01:20:37", "start": "01:20:31", "text": "know, what I do. Um and I think I'm"}, {"end": "01:20:39", "start": "01:20:34", "text": "doing it for the right reasons. Uh but"}, {"end": "01:20:42", "start": "01:20:37", "text": "even even towards the end of my career,"}, {"end": "01:20:45", "start": "01:20:39", "text": "like the base case, uh we were sitting"}, {"end": "01:20:47", "start": "01:20:42", "text": "out and just talking and she's like, she"}, {"end": "01:20:49", "start": "01:20:45", "text": "said something about covering me and I I"}, {"end": "01:20:51", "start": "01:20:47", "text": "kind of giggled because I'm like, man,"}, {"end": "01:20:53", "start": "01:20:49", "text": "we I was a narc when you met me, you I"}, {"end": "01:20:56", "start": "01:20:51", "text": "mean, I was I mean, how we've been doing"}, {"end": "01:20:58", "start": "01:20:53", "text": "this for 20 something years. Um, and she"}, {"end": "01:21:00", "start": "01:20:56", "text": "jerked a knot in my tail. She said,"}, {"end": "01:21:02", "start": "01:20:58", "text": "\"Listen, it's I'm your wife and it's my"}, {"end": "01:21:04", "start": "01:21:00", "text": "job to cover you. And when you're out"}, {"end": "01:21:06", "start": "01:21:02", "text": "there on these undercovers, I'm covering"}, {"end": "01:21:08", "start": "01:21:04", "text": "you in prayer.\" And I, man, I was like,"}, {"end": "01:21:12", "start": "01:21:06", "text": "\"I am sorry. I didn't mean to giggle."}, {"end": "01:21:15", "start": "01:21:08", "text": "Thank you.\" And uh, and that means a"}, {"end": "01:21:17", "start": "01:21:12", "text": "lot. M. So yeah, it's not and and she's"}, {"end": "01:21:20", "start": "01:21:15", "text": "not a my my home isn't like a military"}, {"end": "01:21:22", "start": "01:21:17", "text": "home, you know, where you can disappear"}, {"end": "01:21:25", "start": "01:21:20", "text": "for 6 months and the family still stays"}, {"end": "01:21:26", "start": "01:21:22", "text": "together. My mom would probably implode."}, {"end": "01:21:28", "start": "01:21:25", "text": "I don't know. Uh I'm not even sure if"}, {"end": "01:21:31", "start": "01:21:26", "text": "the house would be there when I came"}, {"end": "01:21:34", "start": "01:21:28", "text": "back, you know. Yeah, I know. Um the uh"}, {"end": "01:21:38", "start": "01:21:31", "text": "the operation poetic justice and murder"}, {"end": "01:21:38", "start": "01:21:34", "text": "for for hire."}, {"end": "01:21:45", "start": "01:21:39", "text": "Um, how often were you an assassin for"}, {"end": "01:21:49", "start": "01:21:41", "text": "hire or played that role? Yeah. Uh, a"}, {"end": "01:21:53", "start": "01:21:45", "text": "bunch actually. Um, I mean, I mentioned"}, {"end": "01:21:55", "start": "01:21:49", "text": "the one the the pedophile who"}, {"end": "01:21:57", "start": "01:21:53", "text": "uh he knew that he wasn't going to do"}, {"end": "01:21:58", "start": "01:21:55", "text": "good in prison and he had gotten locked"}, {"end": "01:22:02", "start": "01:21:57", "text": "up for"}, {"end": "01:22:04", "start": "01:21:58", "text": "uh a purported molestation, but while he"}, {"end": "01:22:08", "start": "01:22:02", "text": "was in San Antonio, the jail, Bear"}, {"end": "01:22:11", "start": "01:22:04", "text": "County, um he solicited somebody"}, {"end": "01:22:13", "start": "01:22:08", "text": "to help him find a hitman to kill this"}, {"end": "01:22:15", "start": "01:22:11", "text": "kid. because in his mind if the kid was"}, {"end": "01:22:17", "start": "01:22:13", "text": "dead, no trial, which"}, {"end": "01:22:19", "start": "01:22:15", "text": "is on the scale of some of the murder"}, {"end": "01:22:23", "start": "01:22:17", "text": "for hours I've that's not a that's not a"}, {"end": "01:22:24", "start": "01:22:19", "text": "bad plan. Um but uh yeah, I I went in"}, {"end": "01:22:27", "start": "01:22:23", "text": "and I met him. It was just two quick"}, {"end": "01:22:29", "start": "01:22:24", "text": "meets, but I had to go sit in the sit in"}, {"end": "01:22:31", "start": "01:22:27", "text": "the phone room with all the stainless"}, {"end": "01:22:33", "start": "01:22:29", "text": "steel with baby mamas and everybody"}, {"end": "01:22:36", "start": "01:22:31", "text": "yelling and screaming and I'm trying to"}, {"end": "01:22:38", "start": "01:22:33", "text": "get a recording of this guy uh saying he"}, {"end": "01:22:39", "start": "01:22:36", "text": "wants to hire me to kill the kid. Um,"}, {"end": "01:22:41", "start": "01:22:38", "text": "and that was probably one of the"}, {"end": "01:22:43", "start": "01:22:39", "text": "quickest ones I've done, but one of the"}, {"end": "01:22:46", "start": "01:22:41", "text": "most satisfying cases. Oh, I bet it was."}, {"end": "01:22:47", "start": "01:22:43", "text": "I bet it was. Um, can we just spend I"}, {"end": "01:22:52", "start": "01:22:46", "text": "just only have a couple minutes left,"}, {"end": "01:22:53", "start": "01:22:47", "text": "but I I have to ask you, you the guy you"}, {"end": "01:22:58", "start": "01:22:52", "text": "that trained"}, {"end": "01:23:00", "start": "01:22:53", "text": "you is kind of the original badass uh"}, {"end": "01:23:03", "start": "01:22:58", "text": "Bras, right? Yeah. Jeff Stone. Johnny"}, {"end": "01:23:07", "start": "01:23:00", "text": "Bras. Yeah. Jeff Stone is still a"}, {"end": "01:23:11", "start": "01:23:03", "text": "friend. He they graciously uh uh did a"}, {"end": "01:23:14", "start": "01:23:07", "text": "blurb on the book. Um yeah, I mean so in"}, {"end": "01:23:16", "start": "01:23:11", "text": "1972, the FBI never worked undercover"}, {"end": "01:23:18", "start": "01:23:14", "text": "under Hoover and pretty much when Hoover"}, {"end": "01:23:21", "start": "01:23:16", "text": "went out the door in"}, {"end": "01:23:22", "start": "01:23:18", "text": "1972, they picked 25 undercovers."}, {"end": "01:23:25", "start": "01:23:21", "text": "There's a black and white picture of the"}, {"end": "01:23:28", "start": "01:23:22", "text": "first ever undercovers in the FBI and"}, {"end": "01:23:31", "start": "01:23:25", "text": "they were like from Philly, New York."}, {"end": "01:23:32", "start": "01:23:28", "text": "Really? Vanc Hoover didn't do it. No, he"}, {"end": "01:23:34", "start": "01:23:31", "text": "didn't. He didn't, for whatever reason,"}, {"end": "01:23:37", "start": "01:23:32", "text": "he didn't believe in undercover. You"}, {"end": "01:23:38", "start": "01:23:34", "text": "just believed in wire t. That's weird."}, {"end": "01:23:40", "start": "01:23:37", "text": "But, uh, so back then there was no"}, {"end": "01:23:42", "start": "01:23:38", "text": "attorney general guidelines. It's like,"}, {"end": "01:23:43", "start": "01:23:40", "text": "here's this recorder about this big and"}, {"end": "01:23:45", "start": "01:23:42", "text": "here's a lot of money. Let's go make a"}, {"end": "01:23:48", "start": "01:23:43", "text": "case. So, yeah, Joe did six years in in"}, {"end": "01:23:50", "start": "01:23:45", "text": "the mafia. Um, and that safeguard"}, {"end": "01:23:52", "start": "01:23:48", "text": "process that we all do now or I'm"}, {"end": "01:23:54", "start": "01:23:50", "text": "retired, but if you're an active"}, {"end": "01:23:56", "start": "01:23:52", "text": "undercover, uh, you have to be"}, {"end": "01:23:59", "start": "01:23:54", "text": "psychologically assessed. Um, it's"}, {"end": "01:24:03", "start": "01:23:56", "text": "mandatory. And that program was built by"}, {"end": "01:24:06", "start": "01:23:59", "text": "Joe. and uh another FBI agent who was a"}, {"end": "01:24:08", "start": "01:24:03", "text": "who was previously a psychologist. And"}, {"end": "01:24:10", "start": "01:24:06", "text": "that's that's uh to take care of make"}, {"end": "01:24:13", "start": "01:24:08", "text": "sure you're mentally stable, your family"}, {"end": "01:24:15", "start": "01:24:10", "text": "is very important. Um because we're type"}, {"end": "01:24:17", "start": "01:24:13", "text": "A personalities. We'll go out there and"}, {"end": "01:24:20", "start": "01:24:15", "text": "keep saying yes and keep saying yes. And"}, {"end": "01:24:22", "start": "01:24:17", "text": "I mean I covered in the book. There's at"}, {"end": "01:24:25", "start": "01:24:20", "text": "least twice might have just been two"}, {"end": "01:24:27", "start": "01:24:22", "text": "times I was put on timeout. They're like"}, {"end": "01:24:28", "start": "01:24:25", "text": "they're like you are not recommended."}, {"end": "01:24:32", "start": "01:24:27", "text": "You are not going back on that"}, {"end": "01:24:34", "start": "01:24:28", "text": "undercover. And I'm like, okay. You know"}, {"end": "01:24:36", "start": "01:24:32", "text": "what's the closest"}, {"end": "01:24:38", "start": "01:24:34", "text": "you've come"}, {"end": "01:24:41", "start": "01:24:36", "text": "to"}, {"end": "01:24:45", "start": "01:24:38", "text": "either breaking the cover or blowing it?"}, {"end": "01:24:46", "start": "01:24:41", "text": "Where is there a time when you've gone,"}, {"end": "01:24:50", "start": "01:24:45", "text": "oh"}, {"end": "01:24:52", "start": "01:24:46", "text": "crap. Well, there's a bunch of there's a"}, {"end": "01:24:56", "start": "01:24:50", "text": "bunch of Oh craps."}, {"end": "01:24:57", "start": "01:24:52", "text": "Um, but as far as blowing my cover, just"}, {"end": "01:24:58", "start": "01:24:56", "text": "getting caught. Yeah, just getting"}, {"end": "01:25:00", "start": "01:24:57", "text": "caught. The biggest one's probably the"}, {"end": "01:25:01", "start": "01:24:58", "text": "outlaw's case. That's where they took me"}, {"end": "01:25:05", "start": "01:25:00", "text": "down the after a year and a half"}, {"end": "01:25:07", "start": "01:25:01", "text": "undercover. Um they"}, {"end": "01:25:10", "start": "01:25:05", "text": "uh year and a half undercover doing all"}, {"end": "01:25:14", "start": "01:25:07", "text": "those insurance things, carjackings,"}, {"end": "01:25:16", "start": "01:25:10", "text": "whatever. And uh some dope stuff. Uh we"}, {"end": "01:25:19", "start": "01:25:14", "text": "up the Annie um to do a a big shipment"}, {"end": "01:25:20", "start": "01:25:16", "text": "of drugs so they could be introduced cuz"}, {"end": "01:25:22", "start": "01:25:19", "text": "they've been asking. So they could be"}, {"end": "01:25:24", "start": "01:25:20", "text": "introduced to some cartel contacts cuz"}, {"end": "01:25:26", "start": "01:25:22", "text": "what does a drug dealer want? They want"}, {"end": "01:25:27", "start": "01:25:24", "text": "the highest purity product they can get"}, {"end": "01:25:30", "start": "01:25:26", "text": "for the lowest price they can get"}, {"end": "01:25:32", "start": "01:25:27", "text": "because then they can step on it and you"}, {"end": "01:25:34", "start": "01:25:30", "text": "know and and and make more money, right?"}, {"end": "01:25:36", "start": "01:25:32", "text": "Um so imagine if you're in Massachusetts"}, {"end": "01:25:38", "start": "01:25:34", "text": "and you get a straight pipeline from"}, {"end": "01:25:41", "start": "01:25:36", "text": "Mexico, you're probably going to get"}, {"end": "01:25:43", "start": "01:25:38", "text": "some good stuff. And uh we up the Annie"}, {"end": "01:25:45", "start": "01:25:41", "text": "and then at that year and a half point"}, {"end": "01:25:47", "start": "01:25:43", "text": "they carried me down into the basement"}, {"end": "01:25:50", "start": "01:25:45", "text": "uh it's more like a crawl space of the"}, {"end": "01:25:52", "start": "01:25:47", "text": "clubhouse um and stripped me at gunpoint"}, {"end": "01:25:54", "start": "01:25:50", "text": "looking for a wire. The problem was is I"}, {"end": "01:25:57", "start": "01:25:52", "text": "was wired to the hilt and they almost"}, {"end": "01:25:58", "start": "01:25:54", "text": "they almost found it. It was close. It"}, {"end": "01:26:00", "start": "01:25:57", "text": "was close. And what are you going to do?"}, {"end": "01:26:02", "start": "01:25:58", "text": "I'm like, even if you think you're a"}, {"end": "01:26:04", "start": "01:26:00", "text": "tough person and you can fight, you're"}, {"end": "01:26:06", "start": "01:26:02", "text": "in a crawl space, basement, whatever. I"}, {"end": "01:26:08", "start": "01:26:04", "text": "can't stand up straight. I could"}, {"end": "01:26:10", "start": "01:26:06", "text": "probably touch the wall on both sides."}, {"end": "01:26:12", "start": "01:26:08", "text": "Um, they've already shown me their"}, {"end": "01:26:14", "start": "01:26:10", "text": "pistols. I'm not free to leave. And even"}, {"end": "01:26:16", "start": "01:26:12", "text": "if I could get past those two guys"}, {"end": "01:26:18", "start": "01:26:14", "text": "without getting shot, you got everybody"}, {"end": "01:26:19", "start": "01:26:16", "text": "upstairs. I got another probably 10"}, {"end": "01:26:21", "start": "01:26:18", "text": "upstairs with the door locked with a"}, {"end": "01:26:24", "start": "01:26:19", "text": "metal bar across it and everything else."}, {"end": "01:26:27", "start": "01:26:21", "text": "Um, and it came close. Like I I had an"}, {"end": "01:26:29", "start": "01:26:24", "text": "oh crap moment. Adrenaline dump. Um,"}, {"end": "01:26:31", "start": "01:26:27", "text": "your auditory exclusion happens. Your"}, {"end": "01:26:34", "start": "01:26:29", "text": "time dilation happens in your eyes."}, {"end": "01:26:36", "start": "01:26:31", "text": "Everything you see is in screen grabs."}, {"end": "01:26:39", "start": "01:26:34", "text": "Everything slows down. Everything you"}, {"end": "01:26:42", "start": "01:26:36", "text": "hear is going whoosh whoosh real slow."}, {"end": "01:26:46", "start": "01:26:39", "text": "Um, and what seems like an hour is"}, {"end": "01:26:49", "start": "01:26:42", "text": "probably a couple of minutes. And um I I"}, {"end": "01:26:52", "start": "01:26:46", "text": "took all my clothes off. I wrote down my"}, {"end": "01:26:54", "start": "01:26:49", "text": "name and everything they wanted me to."}, {"end": "01:26:56", "start": "01:26:52", "text": "Um I was panicking like crazy. You can"}, {"end": "01:26:58", "start": "01:26:54", "text": "clearly hear that my voice does not"}, {"end": "01:27:01", "start": "01:26:56", "text": "sound like this. My throat is a lot"}, {"end": "01:27:03", "start": "01:26:58", "text": "tighter. My pitch is a lot higher. Um"}, {"end": "01:27:04", "start": "01:27:01", "text": "some of my addiction is terrible cuz I'm"}, {"end": "01:27:09", "start": "01:27:03", "text": "talking through my nose cuz I'm freaking"}, {"end": "01:27:12", "start": "01:27:04", "text": "out. And um I thought I was done."}, {"end": "01:27:15", "start": "01:27:09", "text": "And then Closline, who was supposed to"}, {"end": "01:27:18", "start": "01:27:12", "text": "be my buddy, um not the FBI undercover"}, {"end": "01:27:22", "start": "01:27:15", "text": "buddy, but you know, the Scott Callaway"}, {"end": "01:27:24", "start": "01:27:18", "text": "buddy, um he uh he grabbed a piece of"}, {"end": "01:27:26", "start": "01:27:22", "text": "clothing and that piece of clothing had"}, {"end": "01:27:28", "start": "01:27:24", "text": "some equipment in it. And he starts"}, {"end": "01:27:30", "start": "01:27:26", "text": "kneading it with his fingers, you know,"}, {"end": "01:27:32", "start": "01:27:28", "text": "he's like working it. He cracked the"}, {"end": "01:27:33", "start": "01:27:30", "text": "joke. He's like, \"Hey man, I'm not going"}, {"end": "01:27:34", "start": "01:27:32", "text": "to find anything in here. I don't want"}, {"end": "01:27:37", "start": "01:27:33", "text": "to. Like some naked pictures of my old"}, {"end": "01:27:40", "start": "01:27:34", "text": "lady.\" And I'm like, \"I hope not.\" you"}, {"end": "01:27:42", "start": "01:27:37", "text": "know. Uh but I'm watching him do this"}, {"end": "01:27:45", "start": "01:27:40", "text": "and I don't even know I do it. You can"}, {"end": "01:27:45", "start": "01:27:42", "text": "hear me on the recording"}, {"end": "01:27:50", "start": "01:27:45", "text": "go cuz I mean what am I going to do, you"}, {"end": "01:27:54", "start": "01:27:48", "text": "know? And he looked right at it and"}, {"end": "01:27:56", "start": "01:27:50", "text": "missed it. Wow. By that much by that"}, {"end": "01:27:58", "start": "01:27:54", "text": "much. There's crazy there's crazy things"}, {"end": "01:28:01", "start": "01:27:56", "text": "like that because that that's another"}, {"end": "01:28:05", "start": "01:27:58", "text": "goes back to my faith."}, {"end": "01:28:07", "start": "01:28:01", "text": "Um that night when I called my wife, uh"}, {"end": "01:28:09", "start": "01:28:05", "text": "I'd always called her uh especially"}, {"end": "01:28:11", "start": "01:28:07", "text": "during that case. I gave her like a"}, {"end": "01:28:14", "start": "01:28:09", "text": "covert phone, a burner phone I bought"}, {"end": "01:28:16", "start": "01:28:11", "text": "and set up so I could call her um from"}, {"end": "01:28:18", "start": "01:28:14", "text": "my undercover phone. And I called her"}, {"end": "01:28:20", "start": "01:28:16", "text": "that night and the first thing she said"}, {"end": "01:28:22", "start": "01:28:18", "text": "is, \"Are you okay?\" And I was like,"}, {"end": "01:28:24", "start": "01:28:20", "text": "\"Yeah, why?\" She said, \"Man, I was"}, {"end": "01:28:25", "start": "01:28:22", "text": "driving in Macallen with the girls,"}, {"end": "01:28:29", "start": "01:28:24", "text": "which our girls were little at that"}, {"end": "01:28:30", "start": "01:28:25", "text": "time, about like three and one.\" And um"}, {"end": "01:28:32", "start": "01:28:29", "text": "she said, \"I just got this overwhelming"}, {"end": "01:28:33", "start": "01:28:30", "text": "feeling.\" And I pulled over on the side"}, {"end": "01:28:35", "start": "01:28:32", "text": "of the road and started praying for you"}, {"end": "01:28:36", "start": "01:28:33", "text": "and that's when I was in the basement. I"}, {"end": "01:28:39", "start": "01:28:35", "text": "looked at the time. That's when I was in"}, {"end": "01:28:41", "start": "01:28:36", "text": "the basement. So Wow. Yeah. That's"}, {"end": "01:28:43", "start": "01:28:39", "text": "freaky freaky stuff. But I mean, there's"}, {"end": "01:28:45", "start": "01:28:41", "text": "been other things where like, you know,"}, {"end": "01:28:47", "start": "01:28:43", "text": "somebody's got a double barrel shotgun"}, {"end": "01:28:49", "start": "01:28:45", "text": "with both hammers cocked back like this"}, {"end": "01:28:50", "start": "01:28:47", "text": "on the table pointing at you going, \"My"}, {"end": "01:28:52", "start": "01:28:49", "text": "brother,\" and his brother's right there."}, {"end": "01:28:54", "start": "01:28:50", "text": "My brother says, \"You're a cop.\" And"}, {"end": "01:28:55", "start": "01:28:52", "text": "you're looking at his brother going,"}, {"end": "01:28:58", "start": "01:28:54", "text": "\"He's right.\" Cuz I arrested him when I"}, {"end": "01:29:00", "start": "01:28:55", "text": "used to be a uniform patrol. you know,"}, {"end": "01:29:02", "start": "01:28:58", "text": "how do you get out of that? Um, oh, did"}, {"end": "01:29:06", "start": "01:29:00", "text": "you get out of I started counter"}, {"end": "01:29:08", "start": "01:29:02", "text": "accusing, deny, counter accuse. Um, cuz"}, {"end": "01:29:09", "start": "01:29:06", "text": "I didn't have near as much training back"}, {"end": "01:29:11", "start": "01:29:08", "text": "then. That was when I was at the"}, {"end": "01:29:13", "start": "01:29:09", "text": "sheriff's office. But, you know, you"}, {"end": "01:29:15", "start": "01:29:11", "text": "find yourself in a situation again with"}, {"end": "01:29:18", "start": "01:29:13", "text": "another case, poetic justice. You"}, {"end": "01:29:20", "start": "01:29:15", "text": "brought it up. Guy's got a shotgun,"}, {"end": "01:29:21", "start": "01:29:18", "text": "double barrel, hammers back. I"}, {"end": "01:29:23", "start": "01:29:20", "text": "should learn my lesson with those, I"}, {"end": "01:29:25", "start": "01:29:21", "text": "guess. Um, and he's uh he's like he's"}, {"end": "01:29:27", "start": "01:29:23", "text": "already told me if I find out you law,"}, {"end": "01:29:29", "start": "01:29:25", "text": "you a dead man. Can you hear me? If I"}, {"end": "01:29:32", "start": "01:29:27", "text": "find out you're the law, you're a dead"}, {"end": "01:29:34", "start": "01:29:29", "text": "man. And then I I I did something to"}, {"end": "01:29:36", "start": "01:29:32", "text": "bolster my bonafetus, to bolster myself"}, {"end": "01:29:38", "start": "01:29:34", "text": "is looking like I know what I'm doing,"}, {"end": "01:29:40", "start": "01:29:36", "text": "like I'm really a criminal. And it and I"}, {"end": "01:29:43", "start": "01:29:38", "text": "I overstepped my bounds. I"}, {"end": "01:29:44", "start": "01:29:40", "text": "underestimated and he it's a chess game."}, {"end": "01:29:46", "start": "01:29:43", "text": "He he got me on that one. The next thing"}, {"end": "01:29:49", "start": "01:29:44", "text": "I know, I'm Can you say what you did?"}, {"end": "01:29:51", "start": "01:29:46", "text": "Yeah. I told him that uh I've been like,"}, {"end": "01:29:54", "start": "01:29:49", "text": "\"Hey, man. That dope that I bought last"}, {"end": "01:29:57", "start": "01:29:51", "text": "time from his relative, it was weak.\""}, {"end": "01:29:58", "start": "01:29:54", "text": "And it was. And any dealer or user is"}, {"end": "01:29:59", "start": "01:29:57", "text": "going to know and they're going to come"}, {"end": "01:30:01", "start": "01:29:58", "text": "back and be like, \"Hey, what the hell"}, {"end": "01:30:02", "start": "01:29:59", "text": "was that you sell? You sold me, you"}, {"end": "01:30:03", "start": "01:30:01", "text": "know.\" And I told him, I said, \"Oh,"}, {"end": "01:30:05", "start": "01:30:02", "text": "yeah.\" I said, \"That stuff was weak,"}, {"end": "01:30:07", "start": "01:30:03", "text": "man.\" He goes, \"Well, this isn't. Try"}, {"end": "01:30:10", "start": "01:30:05", "text": "this.\" And I was like,"}, {"end": "01:30:12", "start": "01:30:07", "text": "\"Oh.\" And and next thing you know, I've"}, {"end": "01:30:15", "start": "01:30:10", "text": "got a red bone hound in my crotch. And"}, {"end": "01:30:17", "start": "01:30:12", "text": "that thing was mean. I was like, \"You"}, {"end": "01:30:19", "start": "01:30:15", "text": "just didn't move. You're just like cuz"}, {"end": "01:30:22", "start": "01:30:17", "text": "it's going like touching you and you're"}, {"end": "01:30:24", "start": "01:30:19", "text": "like, \"Okay.\" And then he's got the"}, {"end": "01:30:26", "start": "01:30:22", "text": "shotgun and then there's open bag of"}, {"end": "01:30:28", "start": "01:30:24", "text": "cocaine in my face and he's like, \"Just"}, {"end": "01:30:30", "start": "01:30:26", "text": "do it. Just do it.\" And and I I'm like I"}, {"end": "01:30:32", "start": "01:30:28", "text": "I'm talking and I'm like, \"Man, I told"}, {"end": "01:30:33", "start": "01:30:30", "text": "you I don't do it. I'm laying out"}, {"end": "01:30:37", "start": "01:30:32", "text": "everything that I think I could lay out"}, {"end": "01:30:39", "start": "01:30:33", "text": "that I for me and my story.\" And uh then"}, {"end": "01:30:40", "start": "01:30:37", "text": "I realized it was this is his test. And"}, {"end": "01:30:44", "start": "01:30:39", "text": "I even said I said, \"So this is your"}, {"end": "01:30:46", "start": "01:30:40", "text": "test. This is it.\" And uh I just did"}, {"end": "01:30:49", "start": "01:30:44", "text": "some real quick hand movement and I"}, {"end": "01:30:51", "start": "01:30:46", "text": "didn't ingest anything and uh I was"}, {"end": "01:30:54", "start": "01:30:49", "text": "pissed. I let him know I was pissed. But"}, {"end": "01:30:55", "start": "01:30:51", "text": "as soon as that happened, you have to be"}, {"end": "01:30:58", "start": "01:30:54", "text": "able to see, is this situation"}, {"end": "01:31:01", "start": "01:30:55", "text": "deteriorating? Clearly, it was. But as"}, {"end": "01:31:02", "start": "01:30:58", "text": "soon as I did that, he immediately"}, {"end": "01:31:03", "start": "01:31:01", "text": "everything was fine. And he's like,"}, {"end": "01:31:06", "start": "01:31:02", "text": "\"Hey, come to the back room. Here's all"}, {"end": "01:31:07", "start": "01:31:03", "text": "the dope. My my relatives are a cop."}, {"end": "01:31:10", "start": "01:31:06", "text": "Blah blah blah blah blah.\" And man, it"}, {"end": "01:31:12", "start": "01:31:07", "text": "was it was it was good to go after that."}, {"end": "01:31:15", "start": "01:31:10", "text": "But"}, {"end": "01:31:17", "start": "01:31:12", "text": "I I shouldn't have let that happen, you"}, {"end": "01:31:18", "start": "01:31:15", "text": "know. But again, it's a chess game."}, {"end": "01:31:20", "start": "01:31:17", "text": "You're trying to stay moves ahead while"}, {"end": "01:31:21", "start": "01:31:18", "text": "you're still connecting with people and"}, {"end": "01:31:23", "start": "01:31:20", "text": "gaining trust. I have to tell you, I"}, {"end": "01:31:25", "start": "01:31:21", "text": "think I should have worn the pens just"}, {"end": "01:31:26", "start": "01:31:23", "text": "for this interview. I would have peed my"}, {"end": "01:31:28", "start": "01:31:25", "text": "pants. I don't know how many times if I"}, {"end": "01:31:30", "start": "01:31:26", "text": "were you, but I'm glad people like you"}, {"end": "01:31:32", "start": "01:31:28", "text": "were out there. Thank you so much. Well,"}, {"end": "01:31:34", "start": "01:31:30", "text": "thanks for having me. And you know, it's"}, {"end": "01:31:35", "start": "01:31:32", "text": "an honor. I mean, again, it's a calling."}, {"end": "01:31:37", "start": "01:31:34", "text": "You don't do it for money. Yeah, I know."}, {"end": "01:31:39", "start": "01:31:35", "text": "You don't do it for fame. I mean, there"}, {"end": "01:31:41", "start": "01:31:37", "text": "are men and women out there that have"}, {"end": "01:31:44", "start": "01:31:39", "text": "done way more than I have undercover."}, {"end": "01:31:46", "start": "01:31:41", "text": "And and uh you know, I'm I've been"}, {"end": "01:31:48", "start": "01:31:44", "text": "blessed. So, I'm just trying to trying"}, {"end": "01:31:50", "start": "01:31:46", "text": "to pay it forward. Yeah. You know, thank"}, {"end": "01:31:53", "start": "01:31:48", "text": "you. Thank you. Thank you. Appreciate"}, {"end": "01:31:53", "start": "01:31:50", "text": "it. You"}]

[{"end": "00:00:04", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "we are propagating sin in a way we never"}, {"end": "00:00:06", "start": "00:00:03", "text": "used to if you wanted to have a sexual"}, {"end": "00:00:08", "start": "00:00:04", "text": "sin you had to go do it with somebody"}, {"end": "00:00:11", "start": "00:00:06", "text": "but now we can just open a phone and do"}, {"end": "00:00:14", "start": "00:00:08", "text": "things on the phone and Los Angeles is"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:11", "text": "number one exporter of pornog to the"}, {"end": "00:00:17", "start": "00:00:14", "text": "whole world we should be not only"}, {"end": "00:00:20", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "ashamed to that statistic As Americans"}, {"end": "00:00:22", "start": "00:00:17", "text": "but fearful for the kind of things that"}, {"end": "00:00:26", "start": "00:00:20", "text": "they're opening up to the country with"}, {"end": "00:00:26", "start": "00:00:22", "text": "that kind of Filth with the Demonic"}, {"end": "00:00:31", "start": "00:00:26", "text": "world so obviously with the Advent of"}, {"end": "00:00:34", "start": "00:00:29", "text": "our culture we all have a phone in our"}, {"end": "00:00:36", "start": "00:00:31", "text": "hand now with access to both good and"}, {"end": "00:00:38", "start": "00:00:34", "text": "evil you know the phone's neutral but"}, {"end": "00:00:41", "start": "00:00:36", "text": "you can use it for bad things and you"}, {"end": "00:00:45", "start": "00:00:38", "text": "can get into bad things with"}, {"end": "00:00:48", "start": "00:00:41", "text": "it uh I would say the reason uh three"}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:45", "text": "times are lady so back to magori magori"}, {"end": "00:00:52", "start": "00:00:48", "text": "is this place where she's been appearing"}, {"end": "00:00:57", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "to these six kids since"}, {"end": "00:00:59", "start": "00:00:52", "text": "1981 so 43 years every day the Blessed"}, {"end": "00:01:01", "start": "00:00:57", "text": "Mother appears to at least three of"}, {"end": "00:01:03", "start": "00:00:59", "text": "these children three of them have all 10"}, {"end": "00:01:04", "start": "00:01:01", "text": "Secrets they only see her once a year"}, {"end": "00:01:06", "start": "00:01:03", "text": "and we don't need to get into the"}, {"end": "00:01:08", "start": "00:01:04", "text": "mechanics of all that but at least three"}, {"end": "00:01:11", "start": "00:01:06", "text": "of them are seeing her every day for 43"}, {"end": "00:01:13", "start": "00:01:08", "text": "years that something is happening like"}, {"end": "00:01:15", "start": "00:01:11", "text": "if go if heaven is trying to uh alert"}, {"end": "00:01:18", "start": "00:01:13", "text": "the the world that there's a problem"}, {"end": "00:01:19", "start": "00:01:15", "text": "like never before and she said on three"}, {"end": "00:01:22", "start": "00:01:18", "text": "occasions in these messages that she"}, {"end": "00:01:25", "start": "00:01:19", "text": "gives to the world uh sin is at an"}, {"end": "00:01:28", "start": "00:01:22", "text": "all-time high this is the most evil"}, {"end": "00:01:31", "start": "00:01:25", "text": "generation since the Inception of"}, {"end": "00:01:35", "start": "00:01:28", "text": "man worse than the flood"}, {"end": "00:01:36", "start": "00:01:31", "text": "worse than Sodom and Gomorrah now and I"}, {"end": "00:01:38", "start": "00:01:35", "text": "think part of that has to do with the"}, {"end": "00:01:41", "start": "00:01:36", "text": "fact that we can instantly communicate"}, {"end": "00:01:44", "start": "00:01:38", "text": "with everybody around the world and we"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:41", "text": "are propagating sin in a way we never"}, {"end": "00:01:48", "start": "00:01:44", "text": "used to if you wanted to have a sexual s"}, {"end": "00:01:50", "start": "00:01:46", "text": "you had to go do it with somebody but"}, {"end": "00:01:55", "start": "00:01:48", "text": "now we can just open a phone and do"}, {"end": "00:01:58", "start": "00:01:50", "text": "things on the phone uh and Los Angeles"}, {"end": "00:02:00", "start": "00:01:55", "text": "is California but mostly Los Angeles"}, {"end": "00:02:03", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "number one exporter of pornography the"}, {"end": "00:02:05", "start": "00:02:00", "text": "whole world something like 65% of it's"}, {"end": "00:02:08", "start": "00:02:03", "text": "all made in"}, {"end": "00:02:10", "start": "00:02:05", "text": "California we should be not only ashamed"}, {"end": "00:02:12", "start": "00:02:08", "text": "of that statistic As Americans but"}, {"end": "00:02:15", "start": "00:02:10", "text": "fearful for the kind of things that"}, {"end": "00:02:17", "start": "00:02:12", "text": "they're opening up to the country with"}, {"end": "00:02:19", "start": "00:02:15", "text": "that kind of Filth with the Demonic"}, {"end": "00:02:22", "start": "00:02:17", "text": "world and then you look at the rest of"}, {"end": "00:02:24", "start": "00:02:19", "text": "Hollywood and how there's a lot of other"}, {"end": "00:02:28", "start": "00:02:22", "text": "problem I just saw Nicole Kidman has a"}, {"end": "00:02:32", "start": "00:02:24", "text": "new movie coming out who alleges to be"}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:28", "text": "Catholic uh they almost even an x-"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:32", "text": "rating in in our day and age imagine"}, {"end": "00:02:39", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "that so they had to cut stuff to get it"}, {"end": "00:02:41", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "down to R but she has a preoccupation"}, {"end": "00:02:45", "start": "00:02:39", "text": "it's having an affair but also"}, {"end": "00:02:47", "start": "00:02:41", "text": "preoccupation with uh sex with animals"}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:45", "text": "so we're going to a whole new level and"}, {"end": "00:02:51", "start": "00:02:47", "text": "this is a mainstream film that teenagers"}, {"end": "00:02:52", "start": "00:02:49", "text": "are going to watch and maybe get hooked"}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:51", "text": "into something even"}, {"end": "00:02:58", "start": "00:02:52", "text": "darker okay that this is my issue with"}, {"end": "00:02:59", "start": "00:02:55", "text": "Hollywood do not tell me you're Catholic"}, {"end": "00:03:02", "start": "00:02:58", "text": "and then produce that such filth and"}, {"end": "00:03:04", "start": "00:02:59", "text": "drag other people into your mess and"}, {"end": "00:03:05", "start": "00:03:02", "text": "then come to church on Sunday and sit in"}, {"end": "00:03:09", "start": "00:03:04", "text": "the"}, {"end": "00:03:10", "start": "00:03:05", "text": "Pew excuse me it's not okay we put up"}, {"end": "00:03:11", "start": "00:03:09", "text": "with it with the politicians for long"}, {"end": "00:03:14", "start": "00:03:10", "text": "enough but the Hollywood has to be held"}, {"end": "00:03:17", "start": "00:03:11", "text": "accountable too like they're hurting the"}, {"end": "00:03:23", "start": "00:03:14", "text": "kids they're hurting them what about"}, {"end": "00:03:25", "start": "00:03:17", "text": "social media uh I don't like it um for"}, {"end": "00:03:31", "start": "00:03:23", "text": "very specific reasons"}, {"end": "00:03:31", "start": "00:03:25", "text": "so Instagram is basically pedaling Envy"}, {"end": "00:03:37", "start": "00:03:32", "text": "um Twitter's pedaling anger and"}, {"end": "00:03:39", "start": "00:03:35", "text": "Facebook's basically just selling you"}, {"end": "00:03:41", "start": "00:03:37", "text": "and for all those reasons I don't like"}, {"end": "00:03:43", "start": "00:03:39", "text": "it and particularly for the children I I"}, {"end": "00:03:45", "start": "00:03:41", "text": "worry so much for the teenagers and the"}, {"end": "00:03:47", "start": "00:03:43", "text": "upand cominging teenagers because if"}, {"end": "00:03:49", "start": "00:03:45", "text": "that's where you're going to get most of"}, {"end": "00:03:51", "start": "00:03:47", "text": "your information it's mostly going to be"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:49", "text": "false and it's going to create like"}, {"end": "00:03:53", "start": "00:03:51", "text": "again if you don't know who you are and"}, {"end": "00:03:56", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "most teenagers don't know who they are"}, {"end": "00:03:57", "start": "00:03:53", "text": "yet the world's going to redefine you"}, {"end": "00:03:59", "start": "00:03:56", "text": "and it's going to tell you you're"}, {"end": "00:04:00", "start": "00:03:57", "text": "something you're not and that you're not"}, {"end": "00:04:02", "start": "00:03:59", "text": "worthy you're not good enough you're not"}, {"end": "00:04:04", "start": "00:04:00", "text": "pretty enough you're not smart enough"}, {"end": "00:04:08", "start": "00:04:02", "text": "you're not wealthy enough oh when I was"}, {"end": "00:04:11", "start": "00:04:04", "text": "a kid um we watch shows like The Brady"}, {"end": "00:04:14", "start": "00:04:08", "text": "Bunch and I Love Lucy and although they"}, {"end": "00:04:16", "start": "00:04:11", "text": "weren't you know exactly Our Lives they"}, {"end": "00:04:18", "start": "00:04:14", "text": "were pretty close like they lived in"}, {"end": "00:04:19", "start": "00:04:16", "text": "modest The Brady Bunch house was"}, {"end": "00:04:21", "start": "00:04:18", "text": "supposed to be amazing in the day it's"}, {"end": "00:04:22", "start": "00:04:19", "text": "really not that amazing I Love Lucy they"}, {"end": "00:04:24", "start": "00:04:21", "text": "had two"}, {"end": "00:04:27", "start": "00:04:22", "text": "bedrooms and they slept in separate beds"}, {"end": "00:04:28", "start": "00:04:24", "text": "because that's the day uh but it wasn't"}, {"end": "00:04:30", "start": "00:04:27", "text": "like there was Envy over their"}, {"end": "00:04:32", "start": "00:04:28", "text": "Lifestyles like we could relate to to"}, {"end": "00:04:34", "start": "00:04:30", "text": "them like we get it today when the kids"}, {"end": "00:04:36", "start": "00:04:32", "text": "are watching TV it's all these Mega"}, {"end": "00:04:38", "start": "00:04:34", "text": "millionaires in their big mansions with"}, {"end": "00:04:40", "start": "00:04:36", "text": "their private boats and their yachts and"}, {"end": "00:04:42", "start": "00:04:38", "text": "their airplanes and they turn off the"}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:40", "text": "program and they"}, {"end": "00:04:47", "start": "00:04:42", "text": "think my life is terrible I'm I don't"}, {"end": "00:04:49", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "have anything and it's really not true"}, {"end": "00:04:51", "start": "00:04:47", "text": "you know because almost two billion"}, {"end": "00:04:53", "start": "00:04:49", "text": "people on the planet don't live in a"}, {"end": "00:04:56", "start": "00:04:51", "text": "home they sleep outside and they have to"}, {"end": "00:04:59", "start": "00:04:53", "text": "SC scavenger for food and they don't"}, {"end": "00:05:02", "start": "00:04:56", "text": "have running water like compare yourself"}, {"end": "00:05:04", "start": "00:04:59", "text": "to them and we are living like"}, {"end": "00:05:09", "start": "00:05:02", "text": "kings but there's been a whole culture"}, {"end": "00:05:10", "start": "00:05:04", "text": "of ingratitude by Envy that's created"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:09", "text": "through social"}, {"end": "00:05:16", "start": "00:05:10", "text": "media and"}, {"end": "00:05:18", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "Hollywood that's very true you know um"}, {"end": "00:05:20", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "Dom rozzo the same guy that gave me the"}, {"end": "00:05:24", "start": "00:05:18", "text": "that"}, {"end": "00:05:28", "start": "00:05:20", "text": "Rosary told me that he thought that"}, {"end": "00:05:30", "start": "00:05:24", "text": "the iPhone was the forbidden fruit and"}, {"end": "00:05:33", "start": "00:05:28", "text": "then if you look at the the logo is very"}, {"end": "00:05:35", "start": "00:05:30", "text": "interesting it is that's what he said"}, {"end": "00:05:39", "start": "00:05:33", "text": "accidental I don't think so is there a"}, {"end": "00:05:42", "start": "00:05:35", "text": "lot of do you see a lot of symbolism in"}, {"end": "00:05:45", "start": "00:05:39", "text": "the world today like what we're talking"}, {"end": "00:05:47", "start": "00:05:42", "text": "about well there was a period of time up"}, {"end": "00:05:50", "start": "00:05:45", "text": "until maybe 10 or 15 years ago that the"}, {"end": "00:05:52", "start": "00:05:47", "text": "devil really tried to remain hidden and"}, {"end": "00:05:54", "start": "00:05:50", "text": "his biggest deception was to convince"}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:52", "text": "people he didn't exist and that went on"}, {"end": "00:05:59", "start": "00:05:54", "text": "for a long time where people were just"}, {"end": "00:06:00", "start": "00:05:57", "text": "like oh that's that's just not real"}, {"end": "00:06:03", "start": "00:05:59", "text": "that's fake"}, {"end": "00:06:06", "start": "00:06:00", "text": "you know even the uh the head of the"}, {"end": "00:06:07", "start": "00:06:03", "text": "Jesuit order right now the current head"}, {"end": "00:06:09", "start": "00:06:06", "text": "you know it was just a couple years ago"}, {"end": "00:06:11", "start": "00:06:07", "text": "he came out and said the devil's not a"}, {"end": "00:06:16", "start": "00:06:09", "text": "real person it's just an"}, {"end": "00:06:18", "start": "00:06:11", "text": "uh it's an idea it's not real I'm sorry"}, {"end": "00:06:21", "start": "00:06:16", "text": "Jesus didn't go into the desert and do"}, {"end": "00:06:25", "start": "00:06:18", "text": "battle with an idea I think he was face"}, {"end": "00:06:27", "start": "00:06:21", "text": "Toof face with a man or a person so even"}, {"end": "00:06:30", "start": "00:06:25", "text": "in you know these the highest levels of"}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:27", "text": "religious life in the world who also"}, {"end": "00:06:34", "start": "00:06:30", "text": "from their Community we have a pope and"}, {"end": "00:06:37", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "apparently that guy didn't believe the"}, {"end": "00:06:39", "start": "00:06:34", "text": "devil was a real person so it's an odd"}, {"end": "00:06:42", "start": "00:06:37", "text": "time"}, {"end": "00:06:45", "start": "00:06:39", "text": "um where are we going with"}, {"end": "00:06:50", "start": "00:06:42", "text": "this symbolism oh the symbolism okay so"}, {"end": "00:06:53", "start": "00:06:45", "text": "but in the last 15 years it is all"}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:50", "text": "out I'm alive and well and with you and"}, {"end": "00:06:59", "start": "00:06:53", "text": "I'm proud to be Satan worship me right"}, {"end": "00:07:03", "start": "00:06:57", "text": "we see it at the half Bowl uh super bowl"}, {"end": "00:07:04", "start": "00:06:59", "text": "half time performances all these uh"}, {"end": "00:07:08", "start": "00:07:03", "text": "award"}, {"end": "00:07:10", "start": "00:07:04", "text": "shows I mean it's everywhere and it's so"}, {"end": "00:07:12", "start": "00:07:08", "text": "blatant and the concerts the concerts"}, {"end": "00:07:15", "start": "00:07:10", "text": "what are some of the specific symbols"}, {"end": "00:07:18", "start": "00:07:12", "text": "you're seeing"}, {"end": "00:07:20", "start": "00:07:15", "text": "pentagrams uh upside down"}, {"end": "00:07:23", "start": "00:07:18", "text": "crucifixes"}, {"end": "00:07:25", "start": "00:07:20", "text": "um the the Ouija board is everywhere I"}, {"end": "00:07:29", "start": "00:07:23", "text": "was just in a"}, {"end": "00:07:30", "start": "00:07:25", "text": "city the suburb of Pittsburgh they go"}, {"end": "00:07:32", "start": "00:07:29", "text": "you know just down the road Ro is the"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:30", "text": "largest Ouija board in the world it's"}, {"end": "00:07:37", "start": "00:07:32", "text": "the whole roof of a hotel and I'm like I"}, {"end": "00:07:38", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "don't need to see that but it's growing"}, {"end": "00:07:40", "start": "00:07:37", "text": "in popularity people are getting and"}, {"end": "00:07:43", "start": "00:07:38", "text": "we're coming up on the worst season of"}, {"end": "00:07:45", "start": "00:07:40", "text": "the year so Halloween is the devil's"}, {"end": "00:07:47", "start": "00:07:43", "text": "holy day that's his"}, {"end": "00:07:49", "start": "00:07:45", "text": "day people get angry with me they say"}, {"end": "00:07:52", "start": "00:07:47", "text": "father it's just kids putting on"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:49", "text": "costumes trick-or-treating no not really"}, {"end": "00:07:57", "start": "00:07:52", "text": "because you're really participating in"}, {"end": "00:07:58", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "his day and why would you want to part"}, {"end": "00:08:01", "start": "00:07:57", "text": "participate in anything that's giving"}, {"end": "00:08:03", "start": "00:07:58", "text": "glory to to the devil"}, {"end": "00:08:05", "start": "00:08:01", "text": "um I had a couple of families in the"}, {"end": "00:08:07", "start": "00:08:03", "text": "last Parish leave the school withdrew"}, {"end": "00:08:09", "start": "00:08:05", "text": "from the school because we didn't have"}, {"end": "00:08:11", "start": "00:08:07", "text": "Halloween in the school and I'm like"}, {"end": "00:08:13", "start": "00:08:09", "text": "this is your this is your Hill you're"}, {"end": "00:08:16", "start": "00:08:11", "text": "going to die on is Halloween like you're"}, {"end": "00:08:18", "start": "00:08:13", "text": "not going to do well in what's coming in"}, {"end": "00:08:20", "start": "00:08:16", "text": "the future if this is your big thing MH"}, {"end": "00:08:24", "start": "00:08:18", "text": "they"}, {"end": "00:08:26", "start": "00:08:20", "text": "left um in New York City where I'm from"}, {"end": "00:08:28", "start": "00:08:24", "text": "there was an exorcist there when I was"}, {"end": "00:08:30", "start": "00:08:26", "text": "on Wall Street after my conversion I met"}, {"end": "00:08:34", "start": "00:08:28", "text": "with him his name was father James labar"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:30", "text": "God Rest his soul Pioneer Exorcist of"}, {"end": "00:08:39", "start": "00:08:34", "text": "our"}, {"end": "00:08:40", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "day and he told me that um Halloween's"}, {"end": "00:08:41", "start": "00:08:39", "text": "the most dangerous season of the year"}, {"end": "00:08:44", "start": "00:08:40", "text": "for the"}, {"end": "00:08:46", "start": "00:08:41", "text": "homeless and I'm like why is that are"}, {"end": "00:08:48", "start": "00:08:44", "text": "they eating bad candy what's going on"}, {"end": "00:08:50", "start": "00:08:46", "text": "here he's like no no no they have these"}, {"end": "00:08:51", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "vans that come around and they tell the"}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:50", "text": "homeless they're going to take him to"}, {"end": "00:08:55", "start": "00:08:51", "text": "the shelter they've got whole big meals"}, {"end": "00:08:57", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "set up for them and showers and they can"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:55", "text": "wash their clothes and all this and they"}, {"end": "00:09:00", "start": "00:08:57", "text": "a lot of them get in the Vans and go and"}, {"end": "00:09:02", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "then they tie them up and they hold them"}, {"end": "00:09:07", "start": "00:09:00", "text": "for the 31st and then they sacrifice"}, {"end": "00:09:07", "start": "00:09:02", "text": "them on the evening of Halloween to the"}, {"end": "00:09:13", "start": "00:09:08", "text": "devil and it's like a perfect crime"}, {"end": "00:09:17", "start": "00:09:10", "text": "because nobody's looking for them wow"}, {"end": "00:09:20", "start": "00:09:13", "text": "yeah wow I mean it's a big deal it's a"}, {"end": "00:09:21", "start": "00:09:17", "text": "real thing there's a video there is a"}, {"end": "00:09:23", "start": "00:09:20", "text": "video on YouTube which I'm shocked it"}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:21", "text": "hasn't been pulled down because it's a a"}, {"end": "00:09:29", "start": "00:09:23", "text": "guy about 20 years old who was raised in"}, {"end": "00:09:30", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "an occult family and he was groomed to"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:29", "text": "become"}, {"end": "00:09:36", "start": "00:09:30", "text": "the the chief witch that was going to"}, {"end": "00:09:37", "start": "00:09:33", "text": "execute a a girl on Halloween and offer"}, {"end": "00:09:40", "start": "00:09:36", "text": "her to the"}, {"end": "00:09:42", "start": "00:09:37", "text": "devil and he went through with it and he"}, {"end": "00:09:43", "start": "00:09:40", "text": "talks about it face to face with the"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:42", "text": "interviewer who's from some Christian"}, {"end": "00:09:49", "start": "00:09:43", "text": "Network and he says you know uh it's all"}, {"end": "00:09:51", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "part of the ceremony is this is to get"}, {"end": "00:09:53", "start": "00:09:49", "text": "more power we have to offer them a human"}, {"end": "00:09:57", "start": "00:09:51", "text": "life and so it's usually a young"}, {"end": "00:10:00", "start": "00:09:53", "text": "woman what kind of power do they get"}, {"end": "00:10:01", "start": "00:09:57", "text": "more demonic power so they can have more"}, {"end": "00:10:04", "start": "00:10:00", "text": "influence so they can have more wealth"}, {"end": "00:10:06", "start": "00:10:01", "text": "they can have more success but it's only"}, {"end": "00:10:07", "start": "00:10:04", "text": "fleeting it's not forever and then of"}, {"end": "00:10:11", "start": "00:10:06", "text": "course at the end of life there's a big"}, {"end": "00:10:13", "start": "00:10:07", "text": "problem getting out of it yeah no matter"}, {"end": "00:10:15", "start": "00:10:11", "text": "where you're watching sha Ryan Show from"}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:13", "text": "if you get anything out of this please"}, {"end": "00:10:20", "start": "00:10:15", "text": "like comment subscribe and most"}, {"end": "00:10:23", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "importantly share this everywhere you"}, {"end": "00:10:27", "start": "00:10:20", "text": "possibly can and if you're feeling extra"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:23", "text": "generous please leave us review on Apple"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:27", "text": "and Spotify podcasts"}]

[{"end": "00:00:03", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "[Music]"}, {"end": "00:00:09", "start": "00:00:05", "text": "Charles Hoskinson, welcome to the show."}, {"end": "00:00:12", "start": "00:00:08", "text": "It's good to be here, Sean. How you"}, {"end": "00:00:15", "start": "00:00:09", "text": "been? Amazing. Had a great breakfast"}, {"end": "00:00:17", "start": "00:00:12", "text": "with you. It was a lot of fun. But um"}, {"end": "00:00:19", "start": "00:00:15", "text": "well, I've been wanting to have you on"}, {"end": "00:00:22", "start": "00:00:17", "text": "the show for a super long time. And uh"}, {"end": "00:00:26", "start": "00:00:19", "text": "so now to have you here, it's just it's"}, {"end": "00:00:28", "start": "00:00:22", "text": "awesome. You you are a fascinating"}, {"end": "00:00:30", "start": "00:00:26", "text": "individual. He's got your hands in all"}, {"end": "00:00:32", "start": "00:00:28", "text": "kinds of different stuff. And I want to"}, {"end": "00:00:34", "start": "00:00:30", "text": "dive into it as into all of it as much"}, {"end": "00:00:36", "start": "00:00:32", "text": "as we possibly can. And then and then we"}, {"end": "00:00:38", "start": "00:00:34", "text": "had breakfast and I was like, \"Oh, man."}, {"end": "00:00:39", "start": "00:00:36", "text": "I could go for days with this guy.\""}, {"end": "00:00:42", "start": "00:00:38", "text": "Right. There's a lot there's a lot"}, {"end": "00:00:44", "start": "00:00:39", "text": "there. So, thank you for coming. Well, I"}, {"end": "00:00:46", "start": "00:00:42", "text": "do appreciate it. You you're one of the"}, {"end": "00:00:48", "start": "00:00:44", "text": "OGs. And uh this is an amazing studio,"}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:46", "text": "by the way. It's uh you got some"}, {"end": "00:00:53", "start": "00:00:48", "text": "artifacts here, man. Lot of history. A"}, {"end": "00:00:55", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "lot of history. But um yeah, a lot of"}, {"end": "00:00:57", "start": "00:00:53", "text": "the guests have sent in stuff and we"}, {"end": "00:01:00", "start": "00:00:55", "text": "probably only covered about half of it,"}, {"end": "00:01:02", "start": "00:00:57", "text": "but um but yeah, it's uh a lot of good"}, {"end": "00:01:05", "start": "00:01:00", "text": "people have sat in here and uh now"}, {"end": "00:01:07", "start": "00:01:02", "text": "you're one of them. So, thank you again."}, {"end": "00:01:10", "start": "00:01:05", "text": "But uh everybody starts off with an"}, {"end": "00:01:14", "start": "00:01:07", "text": "introduction here. So,"}, {"end": "00:01:16", "start": "00:01:10", "text": "here we go. Charles Hoskinson,"}, {"end": "00:01:18", "start": "00:01:14", "text": "co-founder of Ethereum and the CEO and"}, {"end": "00:01:21", "start": "00:01:16", "text": "founder of Input Output, the company"}, {"end": "00:01:24", "start": "00:01:18", "text": "behind the Cardano blockchain. Cardono"}, {"end": "00:01:26", "start": "00:01:21", "text": "is positioned to be included in the US"}, {"end": "00:01:30", "start": "00:01:24", "text": "strategic crypto reserve alongside"}, {"end": "00:01:32", "start": "00:01:26", "text": "Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, and Salana. He"}, {"end": "00:01:34", "start": "00:01:30", "text": "testified in front of US Congress"}, {"end": "00:01:38", "start": "00:01:32", "text": "regarding crypto's currency regulation,"}, {"end": "00:01:40", "start": "00:01:34", "text": "operate an 11,000 acre bison ranch in"}, {"end": "00:01:43", "start": "00:01:38", "text": "Wyoming, owned both a construction"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:40", "text": "company and state-of-the-art healthc"}, {"end": "00:01:49", "start": "00:01:43", "text": "care clinic focused on anti-aging in"}, {"end": "00:01:52", "start": "00:01:46", "text": "rural Wyoming. part of the group that"}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:49", "text": "deextincted the direwolf, co-founder of"}, {"end": "00:01:58", "start": "00:01:52", "text": "a lab that is genetically engineering"}, {"end": "00:02:00", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "bioluminescent plants, funded and joined"}, {"end": "00:02:03", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "a maritime expedition near Papa New"}, {"end": "00:02:07", "start": "00:02:00", "text": "Guinea that recovered extra solar"}, {"end": "00:02:09", "start": "00:02:03", "text": "fragments from the ocean floor. in 2021"}, {"end": "00:02:12", "start": "00:02:07", "text": "founded the Hoskinson Center for Formal"}, {"end": "00:02:15", "start": "00:02:09", "text": "Mathematics at Carnegie Melon University"}, {"end": "00:02:18", "start": "00:02:12", "text": "and most recently decided to wear gloves"}, {"end": "00:02:22", "start": "00:02:15", "text": "filled with bullet ants in a ceremony in"}, {"end": "00:02:24", "start": "00:02:18", "text": "Brazil. And there's a lot more, but uh"}, {"end": "00:02:29", "start": "00:02:22", "text": "we'll get into it uh later on in the"}, {"end": "00:02:31", "start": "00:02:24", "text": "interview. So, I want to do a a life"}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:29", "text": "story on you and uh starting from"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:31", "text": "childhood getting into the Cardano and"}, {"end": "00:02:38", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "Ethereum and then every all these"}, {"end": "00:02:40", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "different ventures uh that you're doing"}, {"end": "00:02:42", "start": "00:02:38", "text": "now. It's it seems to me like you just"}, {"end": "00:02:43", "start": "00:02:40", "text": "do whatever the hell you're interested"}, {"end": "00:02:45", "start": "00:02:42", "text": "in and go in that direction, right? You"}, {"end": "00:02:46", "start": "00:02:43", "text": "know, when you get enough money, you can"}, {"end": "00:02:48", "start": "00:02:45", "text": "just do whatever you want. So, I just"}, {"end": "00:02:50", "start": "00:02:46", "text": "did everything and I don't know if I can"}, {"end": "00:02:51", "start": "00:02:48", "text": "keep this up because I'm getting pretty"}, {"end": "00:02:53", "start": "00:02:50", "text": "tired. There's too many pots in the"}, {"end": "00:02:55", "start": "00:02:51", "text": "fire."}, {"end": "00:02:58", "start": "00:02:53", "text": "I don't know how you keep it all"}, {"end": "00:02:59", "start": "00:02:55", "text": "straight, but uh we're at like six"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:58", "text": "companies now or something like that,"}, {"end": "00:03:07", "start": "00:02:59", "text": "man. Yeah, man. But uh couple things uh"}, {"end": "00:03:09", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "to do before we get into it. So, I have"}, {"end": "00:03:12", "start": "00:03:07", "text": "a Patreon account. It's a subscription"}, {"end": "00:03:14", "start": "00:03:09", "text": "account. Uh we've turned it into quite"}, {"end": "00:03:15", "start": "00:03:12", "text": "the community. They've been here with me"}, {"end": "00:03:18", "start": "00:03:14", "text": "since the beginning when I started this"}, {"end": "00:03:20", "start": "00:03:15", "text": "in the attic. And um and they're the"}, {"end": "00:03:22", "start": "00:03:18", "text": "reason that I get to be here today with"}, {"end": "00:03:24", "start": "00:03:20", "text": "you. And so one of the things I do is uh"}, {"end": "00:03:26", "start": "00:03:22", "text": "I offer them the opportunity to ask each"}, {"end": "00:03:28", "start": "00:03:24", "text": "and every guest a question. So this is"}, {"end": "00:03:31", "start": "00:03:26", "text": "from Andre."}, {"end": "00:03:34", "start": "00:03:28", "text": "What do you see as the b what do you see"}, {"end": "00:03:36", "start": "00:03:31", "text": "as the biggest physiological failure in"}, {"end": "00:03:38", "start": "00:03:34", "text": "how cryptocurrencies have been"}, {"end": "00:03:40", "start": "00:03:36", "text": "implemented since their inception and"}, {"end": "00:03:42", "start": "00:03:38", "text": "how is Cardano attempting to correct"}, {"end": "00:03:44", "start": "00:03:40", "text": "that course?"}, {"end": "00:03:47", "start": "00:03:42", "text": "So the one of the biggest challenges"}, {"end": "00:03:49", "start": "00:03:44", "text": "with cryptocurrencies is that you'd like"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:47", "text": "them for them to be successful and"}, {"end": "00:03:53", "start": "00:03:49", "text": "adopted to be a cooperative, but the way"}, {"end": "00:03:55", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "tokconomics work, the way the actual"}, {"end": "00:03:56", "start": "00:03:53", "text": "underlying tokens connected, the"}, {"end": "00:03:58", "start": "00:03:55", "text": "infrastructure, they're intrinsically"}, {"end": "00:04:01", "start": "00:03:56", "text": "adversarial, you know, so it's like kind"}, {"end": "00:04:03", "start": "00:03:58", "text": "of a sum zero market. So for Bitcoin to"}, {"end": "00:04:05", "start": "00:04:01", "text": "win, Ethereum must fail. For Ethereum to"}, {"end": "00:04:06", "start": "00:04:03", "text": "win, Bitcoin must fail. And uh for"}, {"end": "00:04:07", "start": "00:04:05", "text": "crypto to win, well, the banking"}, {"end": "00:04:09", "start": "00:04:06", "text": "industry has to fail. And everybody has"}, {"end": "00:04:11", "start": "00:04:07", "text": "to go over to crypto. And that's not how"}, {"end": "00:04:14", "start": "00:04:09", "text": "the world works. If you look at real"}, {"end": "00:04:16", "start": "00:04:11", "text": "modern business, geopolitics, religion,"}, {"end": "00:04:19", "start": "00:04:14", "text": "whatever it is, you have to find"}, {"end": "00:04:21", "start": "00:04:16", "text": "cooperative equilibria. You have to find"}, {"end": "00:04:25", "start": "00:04:19", "text": "a way that if I win, you win. If I make"}, {"end": "00:04:26", "start": "00:04:21", "text": "money, you make money. So, uh, you know,"}, {"end": "00:04:28", "start": "00:04:25", "text": "they've been tremendously successful"}, {"end": "00:04:29", "start": "00:04:26", "text": "from a growth hacking perspective."}, {"end": "00:04:32", "start": "00:04:28", "text": "Cryptocurrencies have gone from nothing"}, {"end": "00:04:34", "start": "00:04:29", "text": "to 550 million users within 15 years,"}, {"end": "00:04:36", "start": "00:04:32", "text": "from no value to a multi-t trillion"}, {"end": "00:04:39", "start": "00:04:34", "text": "dollar ecosystem. but they have still"}, {"end": "00:04:42", "start": "00:04:36", "text": "stayed somewhat divorced from the web 2"}, {"end": "00:04:43", "start": "00:04:39", "text": "world and the legacy financial world."}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:42", "text": "They're not interconnected and"}, {"end": "00:04:48", "start": "00:04:43", "text": "interoperable. So really the next 5 to"}, {"end": "00:04:50", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "10 years in the industry, it's about how"}, {"end": "00:04:52", "start": "00:04:48", "text": "do you build bridges and how do you"}, {"end": "00:04:53", "start": "00:04:50", "text": "reset the incentive layer of the system"}, {"end": "00:04:55", "start": "00:04:52", "text": "so that people make more money"}, {"end": "00:04:57", "start": "00:04:53", "text": "cooperating together. And we're starting"}, {"end": "00:04:58", "start": "00:04:55", "text": "to see this with stable coins, for"}, {"end": "00:05:00", "start": "00:04:57", "text": "example. They're working their way into"}, {"end": "00:05:03", "start": "00:04:58", "text": "the cryptocurrency space and they went"}, {"end": "00:05:04", "start": "00:05:00", "text": "from nothing to $243 billion of stable"}, {"end": "00:05:07", "start": "00:05:03", "text": "coins issued with Tether and Circle and"}, {"end": "00:05:09", "start": "00:05:04", "text": "the other major standards about $180"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:07", "text": "million transactions per month. So huge"}, {"end": "00:05:14", "start": "00:05:09", "text": "amount of volume and uh probably by 2030"}, {"end": "00:05:16", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "we're going to have uh stable coins grow"}, {"end": "00:05:19", "start": "00:05:14", "text": "to about a trillion dollar to$2 trillion"}, {"end": "00:05:21", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "vertical and probably about 500 million"}, {"end": "00:05:23", "start": "00:05:19", "text": "to a billion transactions per month. So"}, {"end": "00:05:25", "start": "00:05:21", "text": "massive growth under the hood they're"}, {"end": "00:05:26", "start": "00:05:23", "text": "just tokenized treasuries, you know,"}, {"end": "00:05:28", "start": "00:05:25", "text": "short-term treasuries. If you buy them,"}, {"end": "00:05:29", "start": "00:05:26", "text": "you get a few points of interest. And so"}, {"end": "00:05:31", "start": "00:05:28", "text": "they just took them, they tokenize them,"}, {"end": "00:05:31", "start": "00:05:29", "text": "they put them on a blockchain. Well, why"}, {"end": "00:05:33", "start": "00:05:31", "text": "do people want them? Well, the"}, {"end": "00:05:35", "start": "00:05:31", "text": "cryptocurrency space, we want them"}, {"end": "00:05:36", "start": "00:05:33", "text": "because it's too volatile. Bitcoin goes"}, {"end": "00:05:38", "start": "00:05:35", "text": "way up. It goes way down. I was in"}, {"end": "00:05:41", "start": "00:05:36", "text": "Bitcoin before it was a dollar. And I"}, {"end": "00:05:43", "start": "00:05:38", "text": "watched it go to $30, down to four. I"}, {"end": "00:05:46", "start": "00:05:41", "text": "watched it go all the way up to $256,"}, {"end": "00:05:49", "start": "00:05:43", "text": "down to $80, then up to,200, then down"}, {"end": "00:05:51", "start": "00:05:46", "text": "to 250, then up to 20,000. Woo! Cocaine"}, {"end": "00:05:55", "start": "00:05:49", "text": "and hookers. Yay. And then down to"}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:51", "text": "4,000. Then up to 40 68,000. and then"}, {"end": "00:06:00", "start": "00:05:55", "text": "down to 25 and then all the way up to"}, {"end": "00:06:02", "start": "00:05:57", "text": "$100,000, right? It's just crazy times."}, {"end": "00:06:04", "start": "00:06:00", "text": "You can't build an economy if you have"}, {"end": "00:06:06", "start": "00:06:02", "text": "that level of volatility. So, you need"}, {"end": "00:06:08", "start": "00:06:04", "text": "value stability and then you can create"}, {"end": "00:06:10", "start": "00:06:06", "text": "credit and then you can have an economy."}, {"end": "00:06:12", "start": "00:06:08", "text": "Well, the legacy world can do that."}, {"end": "00:06:14", "start": "00:06:10", "text": "There's constructions there. But crypto"}, {"end": "00:06:16", "start": "00:06:12", "text": "has to learn how to work with that"}, {"end": "00:06:17", "start": "00:06:14", "text": "world. Why does the legacy world want to"}, {"end": "00:06:19", "start": "00:06:16", "text": "work with crypto? Well, this allows you"}, {"end": "00:06:21", "start": "00:06:17", "text": "to dollarize places that normally can't"}, {"end": "00:06:23", "start": "00:06:19", "text": "be dollarized. So you look at Argentina"}, {"end": "00:06:25", "start": "00:06:21", "text": "or you look at Venezuela or where all"}, {"end": "00:06:27", "start": "00:06:23", "text": "these places are, they would much rather"}, {"end": "00:06:29", "start": "00:06:25", "text": "have US dollars than pesos, you know,"}, {"end": "00:06:30", "start": "00:06:27", "text": "because the volatility is so high and"}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:29", "text": "you can't trust the banks in these"}, {"end": "00:06:35", "start": "00:06:30", "text": "places. So Argentina, for example, the"}, {"end": "00:06:37", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "economy is $700 billion through GDP."}, {"end": "00:06:38", "start": "00:06:35", "text": "There's already a hundred billion dollar"}, {"end": "00:06:40", "start": "00:06:37", "text": "in cryptocurrency assets that are"}, {"end": "00:06:42", "start": "00:06:38", "text": "floating around. So one out of every7"}, {"end": "00:06:43", "start": "00:06:40", "text": "dollars of value is in crypto. Why?"}, {"end": "00:06:46", "start": "00:06:42", "text": "Because they don't trust a local"}, {"end": "00:06:47", "start": "00:06:43", "text": "currency. So they went to stable coins."}, {"end": "00:06:49", "start": "00:06:46", "text": "So if you're a bank or an issuer, you"}, {"end": "00:06:51", "start": "00:06:47", "text": "say, \"Wow, this is the best business in"}, {"end": "00:06:52", "start": "00:06:49", "text": "the world. I embrace this crypto. I"}, {"end": "00:06:54", "start": "00:06:51", "text": "tokenize treasuries. I get the yield."}, {"end": "00:06:56", "start": "00:06:52", "text": "They get the stability and I get"}, {"end": "00:06:58", "start": "00:06:54", "text": "basically free money. Which is why"}, {"end": "00:07:00", "start": "00:06:56", "text": "Tether is now, I think, the seventh or"}, {"end": "00:07:02", "start": "00:06:58", "text": "eighth largest holder of US treasuries"}, {"end": "00:07:04", "start": "00:07:00", "text": "in the world. And they make they're more"}, {"end": "00:07:06", "start": "00:07:02", "text": "profitable than Goldman Sachs, even"}, {"end": "00:07:09", "start": "00:07:04", "text": "though they only have 250 employees. No"}, {"end": "00:07:11", "start": "00:07:06", "text": "kidding. Yeah. So, it's it's it's it's"}, {"end": "00:07:12", "start": "00:07:09", "text": "those cooperative economics where the"}, {"end": "00:07:14", "start": "00:07:11", "text": "legacy world can do something, the"}, {"end": "00:07:16", "start": "00:07:12", "text": "crypto world can do something. And when"}, {"end": "00:07:18", "start": "00:07:14", "text": "you bring these two things together and"}, {"end": "00:07:21", "start": "00:07:16", "text": "both sides make money, both sides gets"}, {"end": "00:07:23", "start": "00:07:18", "text": "value, that's that's what we need to do."}, {"end": "00:07:24", "start": "00:07:21", "text": "Now, specifically for Cardano, you know,"}, {"end": "00:07:27", "start": "00:07:23", "text": "Cardano was always designed to be a"}, {"end": "00:07:28", "start": "00:07:24", "text": "highly upgradable cryptocurrency. And"}, {"end": "00:07:30", "start": "00:07:27", "text": "the way we constructed it is we"}, {"end": "00:07:32", "start": "00:07:28", "text": "constructed it where there's an angle"}, {"end": "00:07:33", "start": "00:07:30", "text": "for the regulated business to exist. We"}, {"end": "00:07:35", "start": "00:07:32", "text": "have technology called Midnight that's"}, {"end": "00:07:37", "start": "00:07:33", "text": "coming out and it's going to allow"}, {"end": "00:07:39", "start": "00:07:35", "text": "rational privacy and selective"}, {"end": "00:07:41", "start": "00:07:37", "text": "disclosure and all these things that are"}, {"end": "00:07:43", "start": "00:07:39", "text": "required for how the legacy financial"}, {"end": "00:07:45", "start": "00:07:41", "text": "world exists. But then also at the same"}, {"end": "00:07:47", "start": "00:07:43", "text": "time it has the same ethos and values"}, {"end": "00:07:50", "start": "00:07:45", "text": "that Bitcoin does which is the largest"}, {"end": "00:07:52", "start": "00:07:47", "text": "market. So it's fully decentralized and"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:50", "text": "it has all these amazing capabilities."}, {"end": "00:07:56", "start": "00:07:52", "text": "So we kind of straddle both those worlds"}, {"end": "00:07:58", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "and we take this slow and deliberate"}, {"end": "00:07:59", "start": "00:07:56", "text": "function. But what's nice about it"}, {"end": "00:08:01", "start": "00:07:58", "text": "because of that the network has never"}, {"end": "00:08:03", "start": "00:07:59", "text": "gone down. For eight years straight"}, {"end": "00:08:04", "start": "00:08:01", "text": "Cardano's operated 24 hours a day, 7"}, {"end": "00:08:06", "start": "00:08:03", "text": "days a week. It's been hammered and"}, {"end": "00:08:08", "start": "00:08:04", "text": "attacked and everybody's tried to kill"}, {"end": "00:08:10", "start": "00:08:06", "text": "it and it's just Johnny live a lot keeps"}, {"end": "00:08:13", "start": "00:08:08", "text": "going keeps doing things. So it creates"}, {"end": "00:08:14", "start": "00:08:10", "text": "a resilience and a and a trust that's"}, {"end": "00:08:17", "start": "00:08:13", "text": "required for people to build that type"}, {"end": "00:08:18", "start": "00:08:14", "text": "of infrastructure. So you know it's it's"}, {"end": "00:08:20", "start": "00:08:17", "text": "a challenging space. It's highly"}, {"end": "00:08:23", "start": "00:08:18", "text": "adversarial that's highly competitive."}, {"end": "00:08:25", "start": "00:08:20", "text": "And uh you think like politics is bad"}, {"end": "00:08:27", "start": "00:08:23", "text": "like crypto Twitter is probably much"}, {"end": "00:08:29", "start": "00:08:25", "text": "worse than anything Trump's ever said or"}, {"end": "00:08:31", "start": "00:08:27", "text": "Biden's ever said or whatever. It's a"}, {"end": "00:08:34", "start": "00:08:29", "text": "tough world to live in. Uh but in"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:31", "text": "general we just keep that durability and"}, {"end": "00:08:36", "start": "00:08:34", "text": "we always have one eye on the future"}, {"end": "00:08:38", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "like what is going to be required to"}, {"end": "00:08:40", "start": "00:08:36", "text": "bring trillions of dollars of real world"}, {"end": "00:08:42", "start": "00:08:38", "text": "assets into the space. What is required"}, {"end": "00:08:44", "start": "00:08:40", "text": "to bring Bitcoin into a space where it"}, {"end": "00:08:46", "start": "00:08:42", "text": "can participate in the DeFi world and"}, {"end": "00:08:48", "start": "00:08:44", "text": "these things and by doing that the"}, {"end": "00:08:50", "start": "00:08:46", "text": "network has grown. It's gone from"}, {"end": "00:08:51", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "nothing to about 4.3 million active"}, {"end": "00:08:53", "start": "00:08:50", "text": "wallets and we think we'll probably grow"}, {"end": "00:08:55", "start": "00:08:51", "text": "to more than 10 to 15 by the end of the"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:53", "text": "decade. So it's got a very nice growth"}, {"end": "00:08:59", "start": "00:08:55", "text": "rate for it and also it now works with"}, {"end": "00:09:02", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "everything. So Cardano can start talking"}, {"end": "00:09:04", "start": "00:08:59", "text": "to Salana and to Ethereum and to Bitcoin"}, {"end": "00:09:07", "start": "00:09:02", "text": "and to all these other standards. Uh and"}, {"end": "00:09:08", "start": "00:09:04", "text": "that's what it should be. Their success"}, {"end": "00:09:10", "start": "00:09:07", "text": "should be our success and their user"}, {"end": "00:09:12", "start": "00:09:08", "text": "should be our user and vice versa."}, {"end": "00:09:14", "start": "00:09:10", "text": "That's what's required for to to win."}, {"end": "00:09:16", "start": "00:09:12", "text": "What what what do you mean they should"}, {"end": "00:09:18", "start": "00:09:14", "text": "be talking to each other? So the chains"}, {"end": "00:09:20", "start": "00:09:16", "text": "are independent infrastructure. So if"}, {"end": "00:09:22", "start": "00:09:18", "text": "you have an asset or an application that"}, {"end": "00:09:24", "start": "00:09:20", "text": "lives on Ethereum, it doesn't natively"}, {"end": "00:09:27", "start": "00:09:22", "text": "know how to speak the language of an"}, {"end": "00:09:30", "start": "00:09:24", "text": "asset or a application living on Salana"}, {"end": "00:09:31", "start": "00:09:27", "text": "or Bitcoin or Cardano. So to talk to"}, {"end": "00:09:33", "start": "00:09:30", "text": "each other means that you actually"}, {"end": "00:09:34", "start": "00:09:31", "text": "create interoperability and now for the"}, {"end": "00:09:37", "start": "00:09:33", "text": "first time ever you can move users and"}, {"end": "00:09:39", "start": "00:09:34", "text": "assets value liquidity between the"}, {"end": "00:09:41", "start": "00:09:37", "text": "different systems. So imagine like"}, {"end": "00:09:43", "start": "00:09:39", "text": "foreign banking systems. So, you can't"}, {"end": "00:09:45", "start": "00:09:41", "text": "really send a wire transfer to Iran"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:43", "text": "easily or back cuz the systems have been"}, {"end": "00:09:51", "start": "00:09:45", "text": "chopped up and isolated because of"}, {"end": "00:09:52", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "sanctions. Um, so imagine Wi-Fi if your"}, {"end": "00:09:54", "start": "00:09:51", "text": "phone can only connect to an Apple"}, {"end": "00:09:55", "start": "00:09:52", "text": "router or to a Samsung router and it"}, {"end": "00:09:57", "start": "00:09:54", "text": "couldn't connect to any other router."}, {"end": "00:09:59", "start": "00:09:55", "text": "Well, that'd be a crazy protocol, right?"}, {"end": "00:10:01", "start": "00:09:57", "text": "Or Bluetooth, like my Bluetooth headset"}, {"end": "00:10:03", "start": "00:09:59", "text": "only connects to my iPhone, but nothing"}, {"end": "00:10:05", "start": "00:10:01", "text": "else. So, long time ago, we realized"}, {"end": "00:10:06", "start": "00:10:03", "text": "that interoperability is a super"}, {"end": "00:10:08", "start": "00:10:05", "text": "important feature. And so when you look"}, {"end": "00:10:11", "start": "00:10:06", "text": "at Cardono, one of the things we"}, {"end": "00:10:12", "start": "00:10:08", "text": "realized was it's less about how do I"}, {"end": "00:10:14", "start": "00:10:11", "text": "lock you into the system and it's more"}, {"end": "00:10:16", "start": "00:10:12", "text": "about how do I get the system to talk to"}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:14", "text": "all the other systems. You know what is"}, {"end": "00:10:20", "start": "00:10:16", "text": "that Wi-Fi moment for the industry as a"}, {"end": "00:10:22", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "whole and just in solving"}, {"end": "00:10:24", "start": "00:10:20", "text": "interoperability then you see a massive"}, {"end": "00:10:26", "start": "00:10:22", "text": "flow of transactions a massive flow of"}, {"end": "00:10:28", "start": "00:10:24", "text": "users and eventually that becomes your"}, {"end": "00:10:30", "start": "00:10:26", "text": "kind of your commercial engine. So"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:28", "text": "that's what I mean by talking to each"}, {"end": "00:10:34", "start": "00:10:30", "text": "other. And then the other side of"}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "talking to each other is how do you for"}, {"end": "00:10:37", "start": "00:10:34", "text": "the big stakeholders in those"}, {"end": "00:10:40", "start": "00:10:36", "text": "ecosystems. So the people that control"}, {"end": "00:10:41", "start": "00:10:37", "text": "billions of dollars of the asset or have"}, {"end": "00:10:43", "start": "00:10:40", "text": "built large applications with many"}, {"end": "00:10:46", "start": "00:10:41", "text": "users. How do you work with them to"}, {"end": "00:10:47", "start": "00:10:43", "text": "create value for them? So a great"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:46", "text": "example would be Brave. It's a very"}, {"end": "00:10:52", "start": "00:10:47", "text": "popular browser. It's got about 86"}, {"end": "00:10:53", "start": "00:10:49", "text": "million users. Joe Rogan's a user. Tons"}, {"end": "00:10:56", "start": "00:10:52", "text": "of people use it. And it was founded by"}, {"end": "00:10:58", "start": "00:10:53", "text": "the guy who created JavaScript, Brendan"}, {"end": "00:10:59", "start": "00:10:56", "text": "Ick. And Brendan actually is a pioneer."}, {"end": "00:11:01", "start": "00:10:58", "text": "He started Netscape with a bunch of"}, {"end": "00:11:03", "start": "00:10:59", "text": "other guys and then he was the CEO of"}, {"end": "00:11:06", "start": "00:11:01", "text": "Mozilla which was Firefox and now he has"}, {"end": "00:11:08", "start": "00:11:03", "text": "Brave. Well, Brave built into it wants"}, {"end": "00:11:11", "start": "00:11:06", "text": "to be as decentralized as possible. They"}, {"end": "00:11:13", "start": "00:11:08", "text": "have an ad model uh called BATS and they"}, {"end": "00:11:15", "start": "00:11:11", "text": "have a VPN model to keep your your"}, {"end": "00:11:16", "start": "00:11:13", "text": "information secret and private. Well,"}, {"end": "00:11:19", "start": "00:11:15", "text": "they don't want to be in a position"}, {"end": "00:11:20", "start": "00:11:16", "text": "where they're a data custodian and they"}, {"end": "00:11:22", "start": "00:11:19", "text": "know everything about you and trust me,"}, {"end": "00:11:25", "start": "00:11:20", "text": "bro, everything works great. They want"}, {"end": "00:11:27", "start": "00:11:22", "text": "to be in a position where they help you"}, {"end": "00:11:29", "start": "00:11:25", "text": "get the level of privacy you want and"}, {"end": "00:11:31", "start": "00:11:27", "text": "they help you share your data when and"}, {"end": "00:11:33", "start": "00:11:29", "text": "uh how you want to do that in exchange"}, {"end": "00:11:35", "start": "00:11:31", "text": "you get paid to do that but they know"}, {"end": "00:11:37", "start": "00:11:33", "text": "nothing about you. Well, cryptocurrency"}, {"end": "00:11:38", "start": "00:11:35", "text": "technologies enable this to happen"}, {"end": "00:11:40", "start": "00:11:37", "text": "really well for them which is why they"}, {"end": "00:11:42", "start": "00:11:38", "text": "launched their own token called BATS and"}, {"end": "00:11:44", "start": "00:11:40", "text": "these other things. So how do we make"}, {"end": "00:11:46", "start": "00:11:42", "text": "their ad model better? How do we make"}, {"end": "00:11:48", "start": "00:11:44", "text": "their VPN model better? How do we grow"}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:46", "text": "that? And then that solves a problem for"}, {"end": "00:11:52", "start": "00:11:48", "text": "88 million users and it helps them grow"}, {"end": "00:11:54", "start": "00:11:50", "text": "then to 100 million users or 150 million"}, {"end": "00:11:57", "start": "00:11:52", "text": "users. Well, once those users are on our"}, {"end": "00:11:58", "start": "00:11:54", "text": "ecosystem, well then they also will do"}, {"end": "00:12:01", "start": "00:11:57", "text": "other things. They'll participate in"}, {"end": "00:12:02", "start": "00:11:58", "text": "NFTts and DeFi things and whatever the"}, {"end": "00:12:04", "start": "00:12:01", "text": "heck of the latest and greatest new"}, {"end": "00:12:06", "start": "00:12:02", "text": "fangled thing is in the space. So their"}, {"end": "00:12:08", "start": "00:12:04", "text": "users are our users and our users are"}, {"end": "00:12:10", "start": "00:12:06", "text": "their users. That's a cooperative"}, {"end": "00:12:12", "start": "00:12:08", "text": "equilibria that you look for. And if you"}, {"end": "00:12:14", "start": "00:12:10", "text": "solve their ad problem, you find a"}, {"end": "00:12:15", "start": "00:12:12", "text": "better way to do ads that preserve their"}, {"end": "00:12:17", "start": "00:12:14", "text": "privacy and actually share the ad"}, {"end": "00:12:19", "start": "00:12:15", "text": "revenue with the people who provide the"}, {"end": "00:12:22", "start": "00:12:17", "text": "information. Well, that's just as useful"}, {"end": "00:12:24", "start": "00:12:19", "text": "to Microsoft and Meta and to Google as"}, {"end": "00:12:25", "start": "00:12:22", "text": "it is to bats, you know, because they"}, {"end": "00:12:27", "start": "00:12:24", "text": "don't want to be a data custodian and"}, {"end": "00:12:29", "start": "00:12:25", "text": "they just want the semantical value of"}, {"end": "00:12:30", "start": "00:12:27", "text": "the data. They want to be able to"}, {"end": "00:12:32", "start": "00:12:29", "text": "microtarget people and sell things, but"}, {"end": "00:12:34", "start": "00:12:30", "text": "they don't want to be in the business of"}, {"end": "00:12:36", "start": "00:12:32", "text": "knowing every single detail about who"}, {"end": "00:12:38", "start": "00:12:34", "text": "you are and it's a liability because if"}, {"end": "00:12:40", "start": "00:12:36", "text": "they ever get hacked, you know, then"}, {"end": "00:12:41", "start": "00:12:38", "text": "they lose all that data. So you can"}, {"end": "00:12:43", "start": "00:12:40", "text": "create economies for these types of"}, {"end": "00:12:44", "start": "00:12:41", "text": "things and then you can start creating"}, {"end": "00:12:46", "start": "00:12:43", "text": "ecosystems around them and then you"}, {"end": "00:12:48", "start": "00:12:44", "text": "revolutionize the offering and every"}, {"end": "00:12:50", "start": "00:12:46", "text": "time you do it gets more decentralized"}, {"end": "00:12:51", "start": "00:12:48", "text": "and you push more value to the edges and"}, {"end": "00:12:53", "start": "00:12:50", "text": "then you can start cutting people in on"}, {"end": "00:12:57", "start": "00:12:51", "text": "things that they previously gave away"}, {"end": "00:12:59", "start": "00:12:53", "text": "for free. Very interesting. Does crypto"}, {"end": "00:13:01", "start": "00:12:57", "text": "overtake the current system eventually?"}, {"end": "00:13:04", "start": "00:12:59", "text": "No, I think it'll merge. It's like new"}, {"end": "00:13:06", "start": "00:13:01", "text": "media and you know online media versus"}, {"end": "00:13:08", "start": "00:13:04", "text": "legacy media. it just became media, you"}, {"end": "00:13:09", "start": "00:13:06", "text": "know, and so the really smart people"}, {"end": "00:13:11", "start": "00:13:08", "text": "like the New York Times and other"}, {"end": "00:13:13", "start": "00:13:09", "text": "people, they were they were quick to"}, {"end": "00:13:14", "start": "00:13:11", "text": "realize that they had to get on the web"}, {"end": "00:13:16", "start": "00:13:13", "text": "and build a web footprint. And then the"}, {"end": "00:13:18", "start": "00:13:14", "text": "dinosaurs like the Rocky Mountain News"}, {"end": "00:13:20", "start": "00:13:16", "text": "and others, they they didn't get that"}, {"end": "00:13:21", "start": "00:13:18", "text": "right and they went out of business. And"}, {"end": "00:13:23", "start": "00:13:20", "text": "so very similarly, when you look at"}, {"end": "00:13:26", "start": "00:13:21", "text": "finance, you have tradi and defi, it's"}, {"end": "00:13:28", "start": "00:13:23", "text": "going to merge and become fi and both"}, {"end": "00:13:29", "start": "00:13:26", "text": "sides help each other out. So in terms"}, {"end": "00:13:31", "start": "00:13:28", "text": "of the legacy world, the cost of"}, {"end": "00:13:33", "start": "00:13:29", "text": "compliance is too high. It's $500"}, {"end": "00:13:36", "start": "00:13:31", "text": "billion a year globally. You could buy"}, {"end": "00:13:38", "start": "00:13:33", "text": "Tokyo every 3 years if you want to"}, {"end": "00:13:40", "start": "00:13:36", "text": "comply with KYC, you know, know your"}, {"end": "00:13:42", "start": "00:13:38", "text": "customer, anti-moneyaundering,"}, {"end": "00:13:44", "start": "00:13:40", "text": "anti-terrorist financing. It's"}, {"end": "00:13:46", "start": "00:13:42", "text": "extraordinary when you look at uh the"}, {"end": "00:13:48", "start": "00:13:44", "text": "global cost of that. And then also just"}, {"end": "00:13:51", "start": "00:13:46", "text": "settlement time is too slow. It takes"}, {"end": "00:13:53", "start": "00:13:48", "text": "days or weeks to do certain things and"}, {"end": "00:13:55", "start": "00:13:51", "text": "liquidity is siloed. And so the American"}, {"end": "00:13:57", "start": "00:13:53", "text": "liquidity is different from the Dubai"}, {"end": "00:13:58", "start": "00:13:55", "text": "liquidity, different from the German"}, {"end": "00:14:00", "start": "00:13:57", "text": "liquidity. That doesn't make any sense"}, {"end": "00:14:02", "start": "00:13:58", "text": "because what if a German person wants to"}, {"end": "00:14:04", "start": "00:14:00", "text": "buy an American product or person in"}, {"end": "00:14:05", "start": "00:14:02", "text": "Dubai wants to buy an American product?"}, {"end": "00:14:07", "start": "00:14:04", "text": "Why do they have to go and through all"}, {"end": "00:14:09", "start": "00:14:05", "text": "these hops and loops to get into the"}, {"end": "00:14:11", "start": "00:14:07", "text": "American market? So the legacy world,"}, {"end": "00:14:13", "start": "00:14:09", "text": "they want automated compliance. They"}, {"end": "00:14:16", "start": "00:14:11", "text": "want universal global liquidity and they"}, {"end": "00:14:17", "start": "00:14:13", "text": "want more transaction volume. Okay?"}, {"end": "00:14:19", "start": "00:14:16", "text": "Well, the web 3 side of the world wants"}, {"end": "00:14:21", "start": "00:14:17", "text": "all the money. They want the capital"}, {"end": "00:14:23", "start": "00:14:19", "text": "that's currently locked up in Black"}, {"end": "00:14:24", "start": "00:14:21", "text": "Rockck and the capital that's locked up"}, {"end": "00:14:26", "start": "00:14:23", "text": "in Goldman Sachs and all these other"}, {"end": "00:14:29", "start": "00:14:24", "text": "places to move over into crypto"}, {"end": "00:14:30", "start": "00:14:26", "text": "products. So there's a marriage there if"}, {"end": "00:14:32", "start": "00:14:29", "text": "they can kind of put these pieces"}, {"end": "00:14:35", "start": "00:14:30", "text": "together and one creates innovation and"}, {"end": "00:14:38", "start": "00:14:32", "text": "reu reforms the legacy world and the"}, {"end": "00:14:40", "start": "00:14:35", "text": "other provides the users and ultimately"}, {"end": "00:14:43", "start": "00:14:38", "text": "the the raw economic value. Well, when"}, {"end": "00:14:45", "start": "00:14:40", "text": "those systems merge, it gets harder and"}, {"end": "00:14:47", "start": "00:14:43", "text": "harder to distinguish what's crypto"}, {"end": "00:14:49", "start": "00:14:45", "text": "versus what's not crypto. Like here's an"}, {"end": "00:14:52", "start": "00:14:47", "text": "example. Let's say the Genius Act"}, {"end": "00:14:53", "start": "00:14:49", "text": "passes, which is a piece of legislation"}, {"end": "00:14:55", "start": "00:14:52", "text": "that's almost through the the Congress"}, {"end": "00:14:57", "start": "00:14:53", "text": "right now to regulate stable coins."}, {"end": "00:14:59", "start": "00:14:55", "text": "Well, the minute that passes, Microsoft"}, {"end": "00:15:01", "start": "00:14:57", "text": "could wake up and say, \"You know what?"}, {"end": "00:15:02", "start": "00:14:59", "text": "We want to issue our own stable coin and"}, {"end": "00:15:04", "start": "00:15:01", "text": "we want to create a cryptocurrency"}, {"end": "00:15:06", "start": "00:15:02", "text": "wallet into Windows and just have it"}, {"end": "00:15:08", "start": "00:15:04", "text": "right there.\" So, when you boot up your"}, {"end": "00:15:10", "start": "00:15:06", "text": "Windows 11, it's right in the system"}, {"end": "00:15:11", "start": "00:15:08", "text": "tray and you click a button for it."}, {"end": "00:15:13", "start": "00:15:10", "text": "Well, the consumer when they see that,"}, {"end": "00:15:16", "start": "00:15:11", "text": "they'll probably say dollars. Won't say"}, {"end": "00:15:18", "start": "00:15:13", "text": "cryptocurrency on cryptocurrency XYZ."}, {"end": "00:15:20", "start": "00:15:16", "text": "Just say dollars and you use your credit"}, {"end": "00:15:22", "start": "00:15:18", "text": "card to like top it up and transfer"}, {"end": "00:15:23", "start": "00:15:20", "text": "money into it. It's seamless because"}, {"end": "00:15:25", "start": "00:15:22", "text": "they'll have great bank infrastructure"}, {"end": "00:15:27", "start": "00:15:23", "text": "on the back end because Microsoft is so"}, {"end": "00:15:28", "start": "00:15:25", "text": "big and so rich. What did they just do?"}, {"end": "00:15:30", "start": "00:15:27", "text": "They just onboarded two billion people"}, {"end": "00:15:32", "start": "00:15:28", "text": "into the cryptocurrency space. Now, why"}, {"end": "00:15:34", "start": "00:15:30", "text": "would Microsoft want to do this? Well,"}, {"end": "00:15:36", "start": "00:15:32", "text": "uh they have customers in Sri Lanka and"}, {"end": "00:15:38", "start": "00:15:34", "text": "they have customers in Bangladesh and"}, {"end": "00:15:40", "start": "00:15:36", "text": "they have customers in Burundi and all"}, {"end": "00:15:42", "start": "00:15:38", "text": "these other places and it's really"}, {"end": "00:15:44", "start": "00:15:40", "text": "expensive for them to move money in and"}, {"end": "00:15:45", "start": "00:15:42", "text": "out of those countries and sell products"}, {"end": "00:15:47", "start": "00:15:44", "text": "in and out of those countries. And you"}, {"end": "00:15:50", "start": "00:15:45", "text": "don't want to take a $100 product and"}, {"end": "00:15:52", "start": "00:15:47", "text": "have $20 disappear because of forex risk"}, {"end": "00:15:53", "start": "00:15:50", "text": "and intermediaries and all these things."}, {"end": "00:15:55", "start": "00:15:52", "text": "You would much rather that customer have"}, {"end": "00:15:57", "start": "00:15:53", "text": "a decentralized money and have a direct"}, {"end": "00:15:59", "start": "00:15:55", "text": "financial relationship with you. And no"}, {"end": "00:16:01", "start": "00:15:57", "text": "matter where that dollar gets sent to"}, {"end": "00:16:03", "start": "00:15:59", "text": "you for that purchase, you get 100% the"}, {"end": "00:16:06", "start": "00:16:01", "text": "purchase value. You'd much rather have"}, {"end": "00:16:08", "start": "00:16:03", "text": "that relationship. So, uh, so they if"}, {"end": "00:16:10", "start": "00:16:06", "text": "they issue stable coin, then voila,"}, {"end": "00:16:13", "start": "00:16:08", "text": "voila, they have that. It's it's it's"}, {"end": "00:16:15", "start": "00:16:10", "text": "all there. Uh so the temptation for the"}, {"end": "00:16:17", "start": "00:16:13", "text": "Mag 7 to come in, the Magnificent 7 like"}, {"end": "00:16:19", "start": "00:16:15", "text": "the Apples and the Microsoft, the Metas"}, {"end": "00:16:20", "start": "00:16:17", "text": "is extremely strong. And in fact,"}, {"end": "00:16:22", "start": "00:16:19", "text": "Facebook tried to enter the"}, {"end": "00:16:24", "start": "00:16:20", "text": "cryptocurrency space a few years ago"}, {"end": "00:16:25", "start": "00:16:22", "text": "with a project called Libra and they"}, {"end": "00:16:27", "start": "00:16:24", "text": "kind of got smashed down by the"}, {"end": "00:16:29", "start": "00:16:25", "text": "regulators, but they were coming in with"}, {"end": "00:16:31", "start": "00:16:27", "text": "Mastercard and all these other guys"}, {"end": "00:16:32", "start": "00:16:29", "text": "because they wanted to turn WhatsApp and"}, {"end": "00:16:34", "start": "00:16:31", "text": "Facebook Messenger into a payment"}, {"end": "00:16:37", "start": "00:16:32", "text": "system. You're chatting with somebody"}, {"end": "00:16:38", "start": "00:16:34", "text": "and he said, \"Hey, you know, uh Sean,"}, {"end": "00:16:40", "start": "00:16:37", "text": "can I borrow 20 bucks?\" Sure. You just"}, {"end": "00:16:42", "start": "00:16:38", "text": "tap your phone, you send 20 bucks just"}, {"end": "00:16:43", "start": "00:16:40", "text": "like that. No banks involved. It's"}, {"end": "00:16:46", "start": "00:16:42", "text": "personto person, completely"}, {"end": "00:16:47", "start": "00:16:43", "text": "decentralized cuz they said, \"Well, hang"}, {"end": "00:16:48", "start": "00:16:46", "text": "on, we got billions of people in this"}, {"end": "00:16:50", "start": "00:16:47", "text": "platform. We can be the world's largest"}, {"end": "00:16:52", "start": "00:16:48", "text": "payment processor, you know, through"}, {"end": "00:16:54", "start": "00:16:50", "text": "this this whole setup.\" So, there's too"}, {"end": "00:16:55", "start": "00:16:52", "text": "much temptation to for these guys to"}, {"end": "00:16:57", "start": "00:16:54", "text": "come in. They were just waiting for the"}, {"end": "00:16:58", "start": "00:16:55", "text": "regulatory window to open and then they"}, {"end": "00:17:00", "start": "00:16:57", "text": "come in. And once they come in, the"}, {"end": "00:17:02", "start": "00:16:58", "text": "consumer is not really thinking, I'm in"}, {"end": "00:17:03", "start": "00:17:00", "text": "the cryptocurrency space. I'm a"}, {"end": "00:17:05", "start": "00:17:02", "text": "cryptocurrency entrepreneur. It just"}, {"end": "00:17:07", "start": "00:17:03", "text": "feels like a better PayPal. It feels"}, {"end": "00:17:10", "start": "00:17:05", "text": "like a better traditional bank"}, {"end": "00:17:13", "start": "00:17:07", "text": "interface. You see, makes sense. Wow."}, {"end": "00:17:13", "start": "00:17:10", "text": "Wow."}, {"end": "00:17:19", "start": "00:17:14", "text": "I would do anything to protect my"}, {"end": "00:17:22", "start": "00:17:17", "text": "family, but there's always that one"}, {"end": "00:17:26", "start": "00:17:19", "text": "worry in the back of my head. If I have"}, {"end": "00:17:29", "start": "00:17:22", "text": "to use my firearm in self-defense,"}, {"end": "00:17:31", "start": "00:17:26", "text": "who's got my back? The truth is, the"}, {"end": "00:17:34", "start": "00:17:29", "text": "justice system isn't always just. I've"}, {"end": "00:17:37", "start": "00:17:31", "text": "uncovered story after story of"}, {"end": "00:17:39", "start": "00:17:34", "text": "corruption. Good Americans who did the"}, {"end": "00:17:42", "start": "00:17:37", "text": "right thing, defended their families,"}, {"end": "00:17:45", "start": "00:17:39", "text": "and yet still had their lives turned"}, {"end": "00:17:46", "start": "00:17:42", "text": "upside down. And that's why I joined"}, {"end": "00:17:49", "start": "00:17:45", "text": "USCCCA,"}, {"end": "00:17:52", "start": "00:17:46", "text": "the US Concealed Carry Association."}, {"end": "00:17:54", "start": "00:17:49", "text": "They've helped thousands of responsible"}, {"end": "00:17:58", "start": "00:17:52", "text": "gun owners with legal preparedness,"}, {"end": "00:18:01", "start": "00:17:54", "text": "training, and support before and after a"}, {"end": "00:18:03", "start": "00:17:58", "text": "self-defense incident. If you've watched"}, {"end": "00:18:05", "start": "00:18:01", "text": "my channel long enough, you know I've"}, {"end": "00:18:08", "start": "00:18:03", "text": "always said preparedness is more than"}, {"end": "00:18:10", "start": "00:18:05", "text": "just training and gear. It's a mindset."}, {"end": "00:18:13", "start": "00:18:08", "text": "And because crime is on the rise in"}, {"end": "00:18:15", "start": "00:18:10", "text": "America, which we can all see, you'll"}, {"end": "00:18:17", "start": "00:18:13", "text": "need more than just a gun to protect"}, {"end": "00:18:20", "start": "00:18:15", "text": "yourself. You'll need a plan. Go to"}, {"end": "00:18:20", "start": "00:18:17", "text": "uscca.com/srs"}, {"end": "00:18:25", "start": "00:18:20", "text": "right now to learn more. That's"}, {"end": "00:18:25", "start": "00:18:22", "text": "uscca.comsrs"}, {"end": "00:18:31", "start": "00:18:26", "text": "and see how a membership can give you"}, {"end": "00:18:34", "start": "00:18:29", "text": "and your family that peace of mind"}, {"end": "00:18:38", "start": "00:18:31", "text": "you've been looking for before, during,"}, {"end": "00:18:42", "start": "00:18:34", "text": "and after a self-defense situation. Once"}, {"end": "00:18:42", "start": "00:18:38", "text": "again, that's uscca.com/srs."}, {"end": "00:18:47", "start": "00:18:44", "text": "Do it."}, {"end": "00:18:52", "start": "00:18:47", "text": "If you ever feel like the modern world"}, {"end": "00:18:54", "start": "00:18:49", "text": "is wearing you down, things like EMFs,"}, {"end": "00:18:57", "start": "00:18:52", "text": "artificial light, seed oils,"}, {"end": "00:18:59", "start": "00:18:54", "text": "microlastics, chronic stress, it seems"}, {"end": "00:19:01", "start": "00:18:57", "text": "like our biology wasn't designed for"}, {"end": "00:19:03", "start": "00:18:59", "text": "these modern assaults, and it's probably"}, {"end": "00:19:06", "start": "00:19:01", "text": "taking a toll on all of us. Armor"}, {"end": "00:19:08", "start": "00:19:03", "text": "colostrum is a bioactive whole food that"}, {"end": "00:19:10", "start": "00:19:06", "text": "can help revive cellular signaling and"}, {"end": "00:19:13", "start": "00:19:08", "text": "help bolster our health from within."}, {"end": "00:19:16", "start": "00:19:10", "text": "Colostrum is nature's finest whole food"}, {"end": "00:19:18", "start": "00:19:13", "text": "packed with over 400 bioactive nutrients"}, {"end": "00:19:20", "start": "00:19:16", "text": "that work at a cellular level to help"}, {"end": "00:19:22", "start": "00:19:18", "text": "strengthen your immune health, help"}, {"end": "00:19:25", "start": "00:19:20", "text": "fortify gut health, and help kickstart"}, {"end": "00:19:27", "start": "00:19:22", "text": "your metabolism. I've been using Arma"}, {"end": "00:19:30", "start": "00:19:25", "text": "ever since they sent me some to try and"}, {"end": "00:19:32", "start": "00:19:27", "text": "now I have a lot more energy. It's part"}, {"end": "00:19:35", "start": "00:19:30", "text": "of my daily routine now. I take it in"}, {"end": "00:19:36", "start": "00:19:32", "text": "the morning and after workouts. Are you"}, {"end": "00:19:38", "start": "00:19:35", "text": "ready to reclaim your health? We've"}, {"end": "00:19:41", "start": "00:19:36", "text": "worked out a special offer for my"}, {"end": "00:19:44", "start": "00:19:38", "text": "audience. receive 15% off your first"}, {"end": "00:19:48", "start": "00:19:41", "text": "order. Go to tryarma.com/srs"}, {"end": "00:19:51", "start": "00:19:44", "text": "or enter SRS to get 15% off your first"}, {"end": "00:19:51", "start": "00:19:48", "text": "order. That's tr.com/srs."}, {"end": "00:19:57", "start": "00:19:53", "text": "These statements and products have not"}, {"end": "00:19:59", "start": "00:19:55", "text": "been evaluated by the FDA. These"}, {"end": "00:20:02", "start": "00:19:57", "text": "products are not intended to diagnose,"}, {"end": "00:20:05", "start": "00:19:59", "text": "treat, cure, or prevent any disease or"}, {"end": "00:20:05", "start": "00:20:02", "text": "condition."}, {"end": "00:20:12", "start": "00:20:05", "text": "We're going to get more into this. Mhm."}, {"end": "00:20:12", "start": "00:20:07", "text": "Before I forget, everybody gets a gift."}, {"end": "00:20:17", "start": "00:20:12", "text": "You got for me? Those are Vigilance"}, {"end": "00:20:19", "start": "00:20:15", "text": "League gummy bears. Legal in all 50"}, {"end": "00:20:23", "start": "00:20:17", "text": "states, made in the USA."}, {"end": "00:20:26", "start": "00:20:19", "text": "You could even pay for those in crypto."}, {"end": "00:20:29", "start": "00:20:23", "text": "But um but yeah, everybody uh everybody"}, {"end": "00:20:32", "start": "00:20:26", "text": "gets a gift. So there it is. Thank you,"}, {"end": "00:20:34", "start": "00:20:29", "text": "sir. My pleasure."}, {"end": "00:20:36", "start": "00:20:32", "text": "I'll put that right there."}, {"end": "00:20:38", "start": "00:20:34", "text": "But um you know I want to get into your"}, {"end": "00:20:41", "start": "00:20:36", "text": "life story but I I want to talk about"}, {"end": "00:20:43", "start": "00:20:38", "text": "these bioluminescence plants first that"}, {"end": "00:20:46", "start": "00:20:41", "text": "we had you showed me some pictures at"}, {"end": "00:20:46", "start": "00:20:43", "text": "breakfast."}, {"end": "00:20:51", "start": "00:20:46", "text": "It it it"}, {"end": "00:20:53", "start": "00:20:48", "text": "wow. I mean it looks like it looks like"}, {"end": "00:20:54", "start": "00:20:51", "text": "it looks like something out of a movie"}, {"end": "00:20:56", "start": "00:20:53", "text": "and the light that these things are"}, {"end": "00:20:58", "start": "00:20:54", "text": "putting off. I mean it looks like it"}, {"end": "00:21:02", "start": "00:20:56", "text": "looks if we can't show these pictures"}, {"end": "00:21:04", "start": "00:20:58", "text": "yet. It looks like"}, {"end": "00:21:08", "start": "00:21:02", "text": "they're under a black light and they're"}, {"end": "00:21:12", "start": "00:21:04", "text": "just glowing in these magnificent neon"}, {"end": "00:21:14", "start": "00:21:08", "text": "colors and what so let's get into that"}, {"end": "00:21:16", "start": "00:21:12", "text": "real not real quick. Let's get into that"}, {"end": "00:21:19", "start": "00:21:14", "text": "and then we'll get into your life story."}, {"end": "00:21:22", "start": "00:21:16", "text": "Where did this come about from? So, you"}, {"end": "00:21:24", "start": "00:21:19", "text": "know, for many years, I uh always wanted"}, {"end": "00:21:26", "start": "00:21:22", "text": "to do a synthetic biology company"}, {"end": "00:21:28", "start": "00:21:24", "text": "because I I when I was in college, you"}, {"end": "00:21:30", "start": "00:21:26", "text": "know, I didn't know if I wanted to be a"}, {"end": "00:21:32", "start": "00:21:28", "text": "doctor or mathematician. So, I took a"}, {"end": "00:21:33", "start": "00:21:30", "text": "ton of biology classes and chemistry"}, {"end": "00:21:35", "start": "00:21:32", "text": "classes and a lot of my friends who went"}, {"end": "00:21:36", "start": "00:21:33", "text": "deeper into that, they started there was"}, {"end": "00:21:38", "start": "00:21:35", "text": "cuz they were right at the beginning of"}, {"end": "00:21:40", "start": "00:21:36", "text": "the crisper era and the whole gene"}, {"end": "00:21:42", "start": "00:21:38", "text": "therapies and all these things. So, they"}, {"end": "00:21:43", "start": "00:21:40", "text": "were doing all the time genetic"}, {"end": "00:21:45", "start": "00:21:42", "text": "engineering and they kept saying, \"Well,"}, {"end": "00:21:47", "start": "00:21:43", "text": "there's all these cool things that will"}, {"end": "00:21:48", "start": "00:21:45", "text": "be possible in 10 or 20 years.\" And like"}, {"end": "00:21:50", "start": "00:21:47", "text": "like what? They're like, \"Well, you"}, {"end": "00:21:52", "start": "00:21:48", "text": "know, you could take human skin cells"}, {"end": "00:21:53", "start": "00:21:50", "text": "and merge them with octopus DNA and"}, {"end": "00:21:55", "start": "00:21:52", "text": "then, you know, octopus can actually"}, {"end": "00:21:57", "start": "00:21:53", "text": "change its color.\" So, you can make a"}, {"end": "00:21:59", "start": "00:21:55", "text": "human skin cell be able to change its"}, {"end": "00:22:00", "start": "00:21:57", "text": "color and camouflage itself, kind of"}, {"end": "00:22:02", "start": "00:21:59", "text": "like the predator or something like"}, {"end": "00:22:04", "start": "00:22:00", "text": "that. It's like, wow, that's cool. Or"}, {"end": "00:22:06", "start": "00:22:02", "text": "you can take Lucifer in this case, and"}, {"end": "00:22:08", "start": "00:22:04", "text": "put it into any plant you want, and you"}, {"end": "00:22:10", "start": "00:22:06", "text": "can make a plant glow in the dark. And"}, {"end": "00:22:13", "start": "00:22:08", "text": "so, for more than two decades, you know,"}, {"end": "00:22:15", "start": "00:22:10", "text": "I was I was aware that these"}, {"end": "00:22:18", "start": "00:22:13", "text": "capabilities would be evident at some"}, {"end": "00:22:20", "start": "00:22:15", "text": "point. It just really I was looking for"}, {"end": "00:22:22", "start": "00:22:18", "text": "a partnership that would make sense. And"}, {"end": "00:22:25", "start": "00:22:20", "text": "so it was the serendipity. I met Ben"}, {"end": "00:22:28", "start": "00:22:22", "text": "Lamb. And Ben uh is a he's a genius."}, {"end": "00:22:29", "start": "00:22:25", "text": "He's a great guy, a wonderful guy. Uh"}, {"end": "00:22:30", "start": "00:22:28", "text": "and uh he's kind of like me where he"}, {"end": "00:22:32", "start": "00:22:29", "text": "likes doing a little bit of everything."}, {"end": "00:22:34", "start": "00:22:30", "text": "We both like the alien stuff and this"}, {"end": "00:22:35", "start": "00:22:32", "text": "thing. And he started all these weird"}, {"end": "00:22:38", "start": "00:22:34", "text": "startups and he's made quite a bit of"}, {"end": "00:22:39", "start": "00:22:35", "text": "money from them. And he was uh just"}, {"end": "00:22:40", "start": "00:22:38", "text": "getting started with a startup called"}, {"end": "00:22:42", "start": "00:22:39", "text": "Colossal, which I invested in. And"}, {"end": "00:22:44", "start": "00:22:40", "text": "Colossal is kind of famous for bringing"}, {"end": "00:22:45", "start": "00:22:42", "text": "back the direwolf. And they're working"}, {"end": "00:22:47", "start": "00:22:44", "text": "on the Willy Mammoth right now. and it's"}, {"end": "00:22:49", "start": "00:22:45", "text": "an amazing company. So Ben and I were"}, {"end": "00:22:50", "start": "00:22:47", "text": "talking about is there was there a way"}, {"end": "00:22:52", "start": "00:22:49", "text": "that we could do something with Colossal"}, {"end": "00:22:54", "start": "00:22:50", "text": "in the cryptocurrency space and this was"}, {"end": "00:22:57", "start": "00:22:52", "text": "back in 2021. And as like a side"}, {"end": "00:22:58", "start": "00:22:54", "text": "conversation, I mentioned uh to him,"}, {"end": "00:23:00", "start": "00:22:57", "text": "hey, it'd be really cool if we could do"}, {"end": "00:23:02", "start": "00:22:58", "text": "glow-in-the-dark plants. And you know,"}, {"end": "00:23:05", "start": "00:23:00", "text": "let's let's think this out. And he's"}, {"end": "00:23:06", "start": "00:23:02", "text": "like, I want to do that, too. And uh"}, {"end": "00:23:08", "start": "00:23:05", "text": "George Church, the guy that started"}, {"end": "00:23:10", "start": "00:23:06", "text": "Colossal with him, like was an expert in"}, {"end": "00:23:12", "start": "00:23:08", "text": "this area. He he wrote all the books on"}, {"end": "00:23:14", "start": "00:23:10", "text": "synthetic biology, like Regenesis was"}, {"end": "00:23:16", "start": "00:23:12", "text": "one book and over a thousand papers and"}, {"end": "00:23:17", "start": "00:23:14", "text": "these things. He's like a gigab brain"}, {"end": "00:23:20", "start": "00:23:16", "text": "out of Harvard. He had all this"}, {"end": "00:23:21", "start": "00:23:17", "text": "technology to basically do this. And it"}, {"end": "00:23:23", "start": "00:23:20", "text": "was one of those like, \"Did we just"}, {"end": "00:23:24", "start": "00:23:21", "text": "become best friends?\" You know, type"}, {"end": "00:23:26", "start": "00:23:23", "text": "type of thing. So, we're like, \"We got"}, {"end": "00:23:27", "start": "00:23:24", "text": "to start a company.\" He's like, \"Yeah,"}, {"end": "00:23:29", "start": "00:23:26", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] We got to start a company.\" So, we"}, {"end": "00:23:30", "start": "00:23:27", "text": "ended up starting a company and we're"}, {"end": "00:23:32", "start": "00:23:29", "text": "still running mostly in silo. And they"}, {"end": "00:23:34", "start": "00:23:30", "text": "hate it when I talk about this stuff,"}, {"end": "00:23:36", "start": "00:23:32", "text": "but every now and then I'll be like,"}, {"end": "00:23:38", "start": "00:23:34", "text": "\"Hey, there's there's some cool stuff"}, {"end": "00:23:40", "start": "00:23:36", "text": "coming.\" Um, and really what we've been"}, {"end": "00:23:42", "start": "00:23:38", "text": "working on is is more than just this"}, {"end": "00:23:45", "start": "00:23:40", "text": "concept of bioluminescent plants, which"}, {"end": "00:23:46", "start": "00:23:42", "text": "is super cool and interesting, but also"}, {"end": "00:23:51", "start": "00:23:45", "text": "we've been working on this idea of using"}, {"end": "00:23:53", "start": "00:23:46", "text": "synthetic biology to engineer plants to"}, {"end": "00:23:55", "start": "00:23:51", "text": "be better adapted for our goals in the"}, {"end": "00:23:58", "start": "00:23:53", "text": "environment that they're put in. So,"}, {"end": "00:24:00", "start": "00:23:55", "text": "let's say that uh you're in Saudi Arabia"}, {"end": "00:24:02", "start": "00:23:58", "text": "and you're building NEOM and you're NBS"}, {"end": "00:24:04", "start": "00:24:00", "text": "and you have this grand vision of like"}, {"end": "00:24:06", "start": "00:24:02", "text": "this trillion dollar massive mega city"}, {"end": "00:24:08", "start": "00:24:04", "text": "in the middle of damn nowhere that and"}, {"end": "00:24:09", "start": "00:24:06", "text": "you want to terraform the entire world."}, {"end": "00:24:12", "start": "00:24:08", "text": "Well, there's only so much you can do"}, {"end": "00:24:14", "start": "00:24:09", "text": "with steel and concrete and glass. At"}, {"end": "00:24:16", "start": "00:24:12", "text": "some point, you have to use agriculture"}, {"end": "00:24:17", "start": "00:24:14", "text": "and what you'd like to do is reclaim the"}, {"end": "00:24:19", "start": "00:24:16", "text": "desert and turn it into a different"}, {"end": "00:24:21", "start": "00:24:17", "text": "biome because who wants to be in a"}, {"end": "00:24:22", "start": "00:24:19", "text": "desert? You want to be somewhere"}, {"end": "00:24:24", "start": "00:24:21", "text": "interesting. That's why we're out here"}, {"end": "00:24:26", "start": "00:24:22", "text": "in Tennessee. And this morning we had"}, {"end": "00:24:28", "start": "00:24:24", "text": "breakfast. That place was gorgeous. All"}, {"end": "00:24:30", "start": "00:24:26", "text": "this beautiful lush greenery, you know,"}, {"end": "00:24:32", "start": "00:24:28", "text": "everywhere you look. Well, I'd love to"}, {"end": "00:24:35", "start": "00:24:30", "text": "see that if I was MBS. And so, what if"}, {"end": "00:24:36", "start": "00:24:32", "text": "you had a company that understood so"}, {"end": "00:24:38", "start": "00:24:35", "text": "well how to modify the ambient"}, {"end": "00:24:40", "start": "00:24:36", "text": "environment that it could conceive of"}, {"end": "00:24:42", "start": "00:24:38", "text": "plants to do such a thing? Or what if"}, {"end": "00:24:44", "start": "00:24:40", "text": "your goal is carbon reduction? You can"}, {"end": "00:24:45", "start": "00:24:42", "text": "make plants that sequester enormous"}, {"end": "00:24:47", "start": "00:24:44", "text": "amounts of carbon. Or what if your goal"}, {"end": "00:24:48", "start": "00:24:45", "text": "is environmental reclamation? Let's say"}, {"end": "00:24:50", "start": "00:24:47", "text": "you have a shooting range. You know"}, {"end": "00:24:51", "start": "00:24:48", "text": "what's your number one problem? you're"}, {"end": "00:24:53", "start": "00:24:50", "text": "going to accumulate a lot of lead over"}, {"end": "00:24:55", "start": "00:24:51", "text": "time, right? And so what if you had"}, {"end": "00:24:56", "start": "00:24:53", "text": "plants that seeped it right out of the"}, {"end": "00:24:59", "start": "00:24:55", "text": "soil so it doesn't get into the water"}, {"end": "00:25:00", "start": "00:24:56", "text": "and uh and sequesters inside the plant."}, {"end": "00:25:02", "start": "00:24:59", "text": "You can do these types of things. So"}, {"end": "00:25:04", "start": "00:25:00", "text": "bioluminescence is a really magical"}, {"end": "00:25:07", "start": "00:25:02", "text": "thing because it's one of those like you"}, {"end": "00:25:09", "start": "00:25:04", "text": "can see it. It's it's not a hypothetical"}, {"end": "00:25:11", "start": "00:25:07", "text": "like if I make plants that sequester"}, {"end": "00:25:13", "start": "00:25:09", "text": "carbon, oh that's cool, they sequester"}, {"end": "00:25:15", "start": "00:25:11", "text": "carbon, they can't see it, you know, or"}, {"end": "00:25:17", "start": "00:25:13", "text": "it doesn't really appear to be anything"}, {"end": "00:25:19", "start": "00:25:15", "text": "meaningful. But the here it's like it's"}, {"end": "00:25:20", "start": "00:25:17", "text": "just magic. It's something that never"}, {"end": "00:25:23", "start": "00:25:19", "text": "existed before and you can imagine the"}, {"end": "00:25:24", "start": "00:25:20", "text": "art of the possible. You know, glowing"}, {"end": "00:25:26", "start": "00:25:23", "text": "cities, glowing golf courses, organic"}, {"end": "00:25:29", "start": "00:25:24", "text": "lighting, all these magical amazing"}, {"end": "00:25:30", "start": "00:25:26", "text": "things. So, and the other thing is that"}, {"end": "00:25:33", "start": "00:25:29", "text": "once you've mastered that as a platform,"}, {"end": "00:25:35", "start": "00:25:30", "text": "then all those other use cases become"}, {"end": "00:25:37", "start": "00:25:33", "text": "tractable and useful and easy. Yeah."}, {"end": "00:25:40", "start": "00:25:35", "text": "Because you now know how to pretty much"}, {"end": "00:25:42", "start": "00:25:37", "text": "do anything you want with the organism,"}, {"end": "00:25:44", "start": "00:25:40", "text": "you know. And what's cool is the"}, {"end": "00:25:45", "start": "00:25:42", "text": "bioluminescence can also be a guide to"}, {"end": "00:25:48", "start": "00:25:44", "text": "tell you whether those genes have been"}, {"end": "00:25:49", "start": "00:25:45", "text": "taken or not because you can cross-link"}, {"end": "00:25:51", "start": "00:25:48", "text": "them and you can say well if it glows"}, {"end": "00:25:53", "start": "00:25:49", "text": "this color it has this property if it"}, {"end": "00:25:55", "start": "00:25:51", "text": "glows this color it has this property or"}, {"end": "00:25:57", "start": "00:25:53", "text": "these types of things. So there's a"}, {"end": "00:25:59", "start": "00:25:55", "text": "there's a method to the madness and uh"}, {"end": "00:26:00", "start": "00:25:57", "text": "it gets people instantly interested and"}, {"end": "00:26:02", "start": "00:25:59", "text": "they and they always say oh that that's"}, {"end": "00:26:03", "start": "00:26:00", "text": "AI or you know that's a fantasy or it's"}, {"end": "00:26:05", "start": "00:26:02", "text": "under a black light or something and"}, {"end": "00:26:07", "start": "00:26:03", "text": "then they physically see it and they say"}, {"end": "00:26:09", "start": "00:26:05", "text": "wow this is incredible and so at some"}, {"end": "00:26:10", "start": "00:26:07", "text": "point soon you know we'll go out of"}, {"end": "00:26:12", "start": "00:26:09", "text": "silent mode and actually have a big"}, {"end": "00:26:13", "start": "00:26:10", "text": "showing of these types of things to get"}, {"end": "00:26:14", "start": "00:26:12", "text": "people very excited about it but every"}, {"end": "00:26:17", "start": "00:26:13", "text": "now and then when I meet an interesting"}, {"end": "00:26:19", "start": "00:26:14", "text": "person you I kind of share it cuz people"}, {"end": "00:26:23", "start": "00:26:17", "text": "say wow the world is moving in you know"}, {"end": "00:26:25", "start": "00:26:19", "text": "kind of a new place and then they always"}, {"end": "00:26:27", "start": "00:26:23", "text": "ask for something. They're like, \"Can"}, {"end": "00:26:29", "start": "00:26:25", "text": "you make this plant glow or can you do"}, {"end": "00:26:31", "start": "00:26:27", "text": "this color or wouldn't it be cool if we"}, {"end": "00:26:33", "start": "00:26:29", "text": "could decorate this way or do this"}, {"end": "00:26:35", "start": "00:26:31", "text": "thing?\" And then we say, \"That's a good"}, {"end": "00:26:37", "start": "00:26:33", "text": "idea.\" And you kind of take it and you"}, {"end": "00:26:39", "start": "00:26:35", "text": "say, \"Well, maybe we should work on that"}, {"end": "00:26:41", "start": "00:26:37", "text": "or something like that.\" You know, I"}, {"end": "00:26:43", "start": "00:26:39", "text": "don't know how far you want to dive into"}, {"end": "00:26:45", "start": "00:26:41", "text": "this, so I don't want to push, but you"}, {"end": "00:26:48", "start": "00:26:43", "text": "you had mentioned"}, {"end": "00:26:49", "start": "00:26:45", "text": "some early detection systems that these"}, {"end": "00:26:51", "start": "00:26:48", "text": "plants could be used. Yeah. Sentinel"}, {"end": "00:26:53", "start": "00:26:49", "text": "plants. And so imagine you're a coal"}, {"end": "00:26:55", "start": "00:26:51", "text": "miner um and you're in West Virginia or"}, {"end": "00:26:57", "start": "00:26:53", "text": "Pennsylvania or somewhere. Gillette is"}, {"end": "00:26:58", "start": "00:26:55", "text": "like one of the coal capitals of the"}, {"end": "00:27:00", "start": "00:26:57", "text": "world, but we have these big open pit"}, {"end": "00:27:01", "start": "00:26:58", "text": "mines which are a lot safer. But let's"}, {"end": "00:27:02", "start": "00:27:00", "text": "say you're underground, you're coal"}, {"end": "00:27:04", "start": "00:27:01", "text": "miner. What's your number one problem?"}, {"end": "00:27:06", "start": "00:27:02", "text": "You're worried about methane, you know,"}, {"end": "00:27:08", "start": "00:27:04", "text": "cuz it naturally leeches off the walls"}, {"end": "00:27:10", "start": "00:27:06", "text": "and you don't smell it. Most people when"}, {"end": "00:27:12", "start": "00:27:08", "text": "they think of natural gas, oh it smells"}, {"end": "00:27:13", "start": "00:27:10", "text": "terrible. Well, it doesn't actually."}, {"end": "00:27:15", "start": "00:27:12", "text": "It's odorless. It smells terrible"}, {"end": "00:27:17", "start": "00:27:13", "text": "because after they process it, they put"}, {"end": "00:27:18", "start": "00:27:15", "text": "a chemical in it so you can detect it"}, {"end": "00:27:20", "start": "00:27:17", "text": "and you can smell it. So if you're a"}, {"end": "00:27:23", "start": "00:27:18", "text": "minor in a mine and natural gas is"}, {"end": "00:27:25", "start": "00:27:20", "text": "building up, it's a silent killer. It"}, {"end": "00:27:26", "start": "00:27:23", "text": "explodes and and so it's terrible. So"}, {"end": "00:27:28", "start": "00:27:25", "text": "they have to always detectors and that's"}, {"end": "00:27:30", "start": "00:27:26", "text": "why they had the canary and coal mine,"}, {"end": "00:27:32", "start": "00:27:28", "text": "this type of thing. So imagine a plant,"}, {"end": "00:27:34", "start": "00:27:30", "text": "a cave moss or something and it doesn't"}, {"end": "00:27:36", "start": "00:27:32", "text": "glow unless there's methane and when it"}, {"end": "00:27:38", "start": "00:27:34", "text": "does it glows red called a sentinel"}, {"end": "00:27:40", "start": "00:27:36", "text": "plant, right? And you can use this for"}, {"end": "00:27:42", "start": "00:27:38", "text": "military applications, for industrial"}, {"end": "00:27:44", "start": "00:27:40", "text": "applications, for environmental"}, {"end": "00:27:47", "start": "00:27:42", "text": "applications, you know, these types of"}, {"end": "00:27:48", "start": "00:27:44", "text": "things. Uh and uh that's the art of the"}, {"end": "00:27:50", "start": "00:27:47", "text": "possible. And that's what gets people"}, {"end": "00:27:52", "start": "00:27:48", "text": "very excited about this technology"}, {"end": "00:27:54", "start": "00:27:50", "text": "because then you say okay the plant is"}, {"end": "00:27:57", "start": "00:27:52", "text": "now an information transmitter about"}, {"end": "00:27:59", "start": "00:27:54", "text": "something in my environment and it does"}, {"end": "00:28:01", "start": "00:27:57", "text": "it naturally and organically and it's"}, {"end": "00:28:03", "start": "00:27:59", "text": "just there. Uh and once you have that"}, {"end": "00:28:07", "start": "00:28:01", "text": "capability, then what that does for you"}, {"end": "00:28:10", "start": "00:28:03", "text": "is it puts you in a position where you"}, {"end": "00:28:11", "start": "00:28:07", "text": "are able to kind of ask your the people"}, {"end": "00:28:14", "start": "00:28:10", "text": "you're working with, what do you want?"}, {"end": "00:28:16", "start": "00:28:11", "text": "You know, what would improve safety?"}, {"end": "00:28:18", "start": "00:28:14", "text": "What would improve the experience? You"}, {"end": "00:28:20", "start": "00:28:16", "text": "know, what would improve the ambiance of"}, {"end": "00:28:22", "start": "00:28:18", "text": "where we're at? And then you can design"}, {"end": "00:28:25", "start": "00:28:20", "text": "the plants, you can design this biology"}, {"end": "00:28:27", "start": "00:28:22", "text": "around that desire. Uh so that's what"}, {"end": "00:28:29", "start": "00:28:25", "text": "gets me most excited about it. And"}, {"end": "00:28:31", "start": "00:28:27", "text": "what's cool is it's it's the only time"}, {"end": "00:28:32", "start": "00:28:29", "text": "ever where like Hollywood is interested"}, {"end": "00:28:34", "start": "00:28:31", "text": "and restaurants are interested and"}, {"end": "00:28:36", "start": "00:28:32", "text": "casinos are interested and the Air Force"}, {"end": "00:28:38", "start": "00:28:34", "text": "is interested. You know, it's like"}, {"end": "00:28:40", "start": "00:28:36", "text": "there's this huge spectrum of people."}, {"end": "00:28:42", "start": "00:28:38", "text": "It's a magical company. Uh and I love"}, {"end": "00:28:45", "start": "00:28:40", "text": "those magical companies. They just make"}, {"end": "00:28:47", "start": "00:28:42", "text": "people want to be part of it. They want"}, {"end": "00:28:49", "start": "00:28:45", "text": "to be invested in. They they brag to"}, {"end": "00:28:50", "start": "00:28:47", "text": "their friends like I am in this coolest"}, {"end": "00:28:52", "start": "00:28:49", "text": "company in the whole world. And Colossal"}, {"end": "00:28:54", "start": "00:28:50", "text": "is much the same way. Any Ben Lamb"}, {"end": "00:28:55", "start": "00:28:52", "text": "company is this way. This is why he's a"}, {"end": "00:28:56", "start": "00:28:54", "text": "genius. It's like you invest in"}, {"end": "00:28:58", "start": "00:28:55", "text": "Colossal, you're like, \"Oh yeah, yeah,"}, {"end": "00:28:59", "start": "00:28:56", "text": "I'm part of that whole Willie Mammoth"}, {"end": "00:29:00", "start": "00:28:58", "text": "thing and that whole direwolf thing.\""}, {"end": "00:29:02", "start": "00:28:59", "text": "You're like, \"Holy [\u00a0__\u00a0] that's"}, {"end": "00:29:05", "start": "00:29:00", "text": "awesome.\" You know, tell me more. I"}, {"end": "00:29:07", "start": "00:29:02", "text": "can't tell you anything. You know,"}, {"end": "00:29:09", "start": "00:29:05", "text": "I mean, you had mentioned,"}, {"end": "00:29:11", "start": "00:29:07", "text": "we were talking about security and a"}, {"end": "00:29:12", "start": "00:29:09", "text": "little bit of prepping and all that kind"}, {"end": "00:29:15", "start": "00:29:11", "text": "of stuff as well. And you had mentioned"}, {"end": "00:29:18", "start": "00:29:12", "text": "that you could modify"}, {"end": "00:29:21", "start": "00:29:15", "text": "what sounded like like a thorn bush and"}, {"end": "00:29:23", "start": "00:29:18", "text": "make a make a security wall with thorns"}, {"end": "00:29:25", "start": "00:29:21", "text": "that are Yeah. You know, like I I have a"}, {"end": "00:29:27", "start": "00:29:23", "text": "construction company and we have about"}, {"end": "00:29:28", "start": "00:29:25", "text": "200 people in it. We do dirt work and"}, {"end": "00:29:30", "start": "00:29:27", "text": "concrete work and I go every year to"}, {"end": "00:29:32", "start": "00:29:28", "text": "world of concrete and all these things."}, {"end": "00:29:34", "start": "00:29:30", "text": "And if you own a construction company,"}, {"end": "00:29:35", "start": "00:29:32", "text": "at some point you're building walls, you"}, {"end": "00:29:38", "start": "00:29:34", "text": "know, whether they be concrete walls or"}, {"end": "00:29:40", "start": "00:29:35", "text": "wood walls, whatever. And uh landscaping"}, {"end": "00:29:42", "start": "00:29:38", "text": "is a big part of a security element. And"}, {"end": "00:29:44", "start": "00:29:40", "text": "so there all the time you can plant"}, {"end": "00:29:47", "start": "00:29:42", "text": "things like the Japanese barberry. It's"}, {"end": "00:29:49", "start": "00:29:44", "text": "a perfect bush for security. It can grow"}, {"end": "00:29:51", "start": "00:29:47", "text": "about 6 to 8 feet high, which is exactly"}, {"end": "00:29:53", "start": "00:29:49", "text": "about how high you want it. and they got"}, {"end": "00:29:55", "start": "00:29:51", "text": "these really sharp nasty thorns and"}, {"end": "00:29:57", "start": "00:29:53", "text": "they're about that wide. So if you"}, {"end": "00:29:59", "start": "00:29:55", "text": "create a hedge wall and then back it"}, {"end": "00:30:01", "start": "00:29:57", "text": "with like a concrete wall or you know"}, {"end": "00:30:03", "start": "00:29:59", "text": "wood fence or something, you've already"}, {"end": "00:30:04", "start": "00:30:01", "text": "created something that's very hard for"}, {"end": "00:30:06", "start": "00:30:03", "text": "somebody to work their way through."}, {"end": "00:30:07", "start": "00:30:04", "text": "Well, why don't people do this?"}, {"end": "00:30:09", "start": "00:30:06", "text": "Horrendously expensive. Takes a real"}, {"end": "00:30:11", "start": "00:30:07", "text": "long time to grow one. You have to water"}, {"end": "00:30:12", "start": "00:30:09", "text": "and maintain it and all these things."}, {"end": "00:30:14", "start": "00:30:11", "text": "Well, when you get in the business of"}, {"end": "00:30:15", "start": "00:30:12", "text": "synthetic biology, you can say, \"Okay,"}, {"end": "00:30:18", "start": "00:30:14", "text": "well, I want something with the"}, {"end": "00:30:20", "start": "00:30:15", "text": "properties of a crown of thorn or a"}, {"end": "00:30:22", "start": "00:30:18", "text": "Japanese barberry or whatever the plant"}, {"end": "00:30:25", "start": "00:30:20", "text": "is, but I want it to grow like really"}, {"end": "00:30:28", "start": "00:30:22", "text": "fast.\" And then you can just 3D print"}, {"end": "00:30:30", "start": "00:30:25", "text": "some lattice structure, put it in, and"}, {"end": "00:30:32", "start": "00:30:28", "text": "then just grow out an entire wall. Well,"}, {"end": "00:30:33", "start": "00:30:30", "text": "if it's bioluminescent, it also glows at"}, {"end": "00:30:35", "start": "00:30:32", "text": "night, too. So, you have your organic"}, {"end": "00:30:37", "start": "00:30:33", "text": "lighting and now you have a denial and"}, {"end": "00:30:38", "start": "00:30:35", "text": "all these things. And then you'd also"}, {"end": "00:30:40", "start": "00:30:37", "text": "tune it for the environment. So you like"}, {"end": "00:30:42", "start": "00:30:38", "text": "say, \"Well, I don't want the deer to eat"}, {"end": "00:30:43", "start": "00:30:40", "text": "it, so make it bad for them, but it's"}, {"end": "00:30:46", "start": "00:30:42", "text": "fine for humans,\" or something like"}, {"end": "00:30:47", "start": "00:30:43", "text": "that. So you can really get granular"}, {"end": "00:30:49", "start": "00:30:46", "text": "with your design requirements. And"}, {"end": "00:30:51", "start": "00:30:47", "text": "what's cool is then you can even blend"}, {"end": "00:30:53", "start": "00:30:49", "text": "it with your logo or branding. So you"}, {"end": "00:30:55", "start": "00:30:51", "text": "could be like, \"Okay, well, I want it to"}, {"end": "00:30:57", "start": "00:30:53", "text": "match the colors of the brand of my"}, {"end": "00:30:59", "start": "00:30:55", "text": "corporation or organization, you know,"}, {"end": "00:31:00", "start": "00:30:57", "text": "cuz I I use black and red for input"}, {"end": "00:31:02", "start": "00:30:59", "text": "output. So those are our colors.\" So"}, {"end": "00:31:04", "start": "00:31:00", "text": "it'd be really cool if we can do like"}, {"end": "00:31:06", "start": "00:31:02", "text": "black flowers or red flowers or things"}, {"end": "00:31:08", "start": "00:31:04", "text": "like that. And it's all there. And that"}, {"end": "00:31:10", "start": "00:31:06", "text": "technology is going to be available, you"}, {"end": "00:31:12", "start": "00:31:08", "text": "know, you know, horizonally when you"}, {"end": "00:31:15", "start": "00:31:10", "text": "look to the 2030s, especially as AI gets"}, {"end": "00:31:17", "start": "00:31:12", "text": "deeper into biioinformatics. You"}, {"end": "00:31:18", "start": "00:31:15", "text": "basically have like a CAD for organisms."}, {"end": "00:31:20", "start": "00:31:17", "text": "You can sit down and kind of type in all"}, {"end": "00:31:21", "start": "00:31:18", "text": "your requirements and it tells you"}, {"end": "00:31:23", "start": "00:31:20", "text": "exactly what you need to do step by step"}, {"end": "00:31:25", "start": "00:31:21", "text": "and you go and design it for the client."}, {"end": "00:31:29", "start": "00:31:23", "text": "You can do that for bespoke large scale"}, {"end": "00:31:31", "start": "00:31:25", "text": "commercial landscaping. Um, and and it's"}, {"end": "00:31:34", "start": "00:31:29", "text": "cool because then you start blending the"}, {"end": "00:31:36", "start": "00:31:31", "text": "aesthetic with the functional. you get a"}, {"end": "00:31:37", "start": "00:31:34", "text": "lot of wonderful properties that really"}, {"end": "00:31:39", "start": "00:31:36", "text": "help you out, but then you also get"}, {"end": "00:31:41", "start": "00:31:37", "text": "these aesthetic properties and it it"}, {"end": "00:31:44", "start": "00:31:39", "text": "creates a uniqueness about what you"}, {"end": "00:31:47", "start": "00:31:41", "text": "have. So you don't live in this world of"}, {"end": "00:31:49", "start": "00:31:44", "text": "MC malls and Walmarts and you know ugly"}, {"end": "00:31:51", "start": "00:31:47", "text": "landscaping. It's more like European"}, {"end": "00:31:53", "start": "00:31:49", "text": "cities where every place you go has a"}, {"end": "00:31:55", "start": "00:31:51", "text": "very unique architectural fingerprint"}, {"end": "00:31:58", "start": "00:31:53", "text": "and it's very distinct and memorable."}, {"end": "00:31:59", "start": "00:31:55", "text": "Man, that is fascinating. How long How"}, {"end": "00:32:01", "start": "00:31:58", "text": "long has How long have you guys been"}, {"end": "00:32:02", "start": "00:31:59", "text": "working on that? Oh, for about two years"}, {"end": "00:32:04", "start": "00:32:01", "text": "now. You know that's it. Yeah, that's"}, {"end": "00:32:06", "start": "00:32:02", "text": "it. And the first step was just building"}, {"end": "00:32:07", "start": "00:32:04", "text": "the science team. And uh you know, you"}, {"end": "00:32:09", "start": "00:32:06", "text": "got to understand it's like it's like"}, {"end": "00:32:11", "start": "00:32:07", "text": "cryptocurrencies, you know, we've been"}, {"end": "00:32:13", "start": "00:32:09", "text": "working on it for a while, but"}, {"end": "00:32:16", "start": "00:32:11", "text": "cryptography has been around since the"}, {"end": "00:32:17", "start": "00:32:13", "text": "70s like as an academic discipline, but"}, {"end": "00:32:20", "start": "00:32:16", "text": "it's been around for hundreds of years"}, {"end": "00:32:22", "start": "00:32:17", "text": "as like an endeavor that people do. And"}, {"end": "00:32:23", "start": "00:32:20", "text": "Caesar encoded things. It was called the"}, {"end": "00:32:26", "start": "00:32:22", "text": "Caesar cipher. It's a substitution"}, {"end": "00:32:28", "start": "00:32:23", "text": "cipher. So the these ideas are there."}, {"end": "00:32:31", "start": "00:32:26", "text": "It's just you have to wait a little bit"}, {"end": "00:32:33", "start": "00:32:28", "text": "for the science to mature to a point"}, {"end": "00:32:34", "start": "00:32:31", "text": "where you can commercialize the science."}, {"end": "00:32:36", "start": "00:32:33", "text": "So quantum computing for example,"}, {"end": "00:32:37", "start": "00:32:34", "text": "there's all these different incredibly"}, {"end": "00:32:39", "start": "00:32:36", "text": "difficult things that have to happen,"}, {"end": "00:32:41", "start": "00:32:37", "text": "but once they come together, then you"}, {"end": "00:32:43", "start": "00:32:39", "text": "can build a quantum computer. So now"}, {"end": "00:32:46", "start": "00:32:41", "text": "that most of those things have happened,"}, {"end": "00:32:47", "start": "00:32:43", "text": "we're starting to get to the possibility"}, {"end": "00:32:49", "start": "00:32:46", "text": "of a quantum computer. And it's very"}, {"end": "00:32:50", "start": "00:32:47", "text": "much the same when you look at synthetic"}, {"end": "00:32:52", "start": "00:32:49", "text": "biology. you know, George Church and"}, {"end": "00:32:55", "start": "00:32:50", "text": "other people had to spend decades of"}, {"end": "00:32:57", "start": "00:32:52", "text": "their lives writing papers and books and"}, {"end": "00:32:59", "start": "00:32:55", "text": "articles and training people and"}, {"end": "00:33:01", "start": "00:32:57", "text": "conducting experiments and figuring out"}, {"end": "00:33:02", "start": "00:32:59", "text": "basically how to do all this stuff. And"}, {"end": "00:33:04", "start": "00:33:01", "text": "now that they have all these things"}, {"end": "00:33:06", "start": "00:33:02", "text": "figured out, you're in a position where"}, {"end": "00:33:08", "start": "00:33:04", "text": "you actually can now commercialize the"}, {"end": "00:33:10", "start": "00:33:06", "text": "technology and roll it out. Um,"}, {"end": "00:33:12", "start": "00:33:08", "text": "multi-touch and phones, they had these"}, {"end": "00:33:14", "start": "00:33:10", "text": "ideas in the 80s for multi-touch. But it"}, {"end": "00:33:15", "start": "00:33:12", "text": "took two decades of fundamental R&D in"}, {"end": "00:33:17", "start": "00:33:14", "text": "material sciences to get to a point"}, {"end": "00:33:19", "start": "00:33:15", "text": "where Steve Jobs could pretend he"}, {"end": "00:33:21", "start": "00:33:17", "text": "invented it, you know, and say, \"Hey,"}, {"end": "00:33:23", "start": "00:33:19", "text": "here's the iPhone and now we can do the"}, {"end": "00:33:26", "start": "00:33:21", "text": "pinch and all the other things.\" So, uh,"}, {"end": "00:33:28", "start": "00:33:23", "text": "that's the cool part. You know a good"}, {"end": "00:33:32", "start": "00:33:26", "text": "technologist they always have one foot"}, {"end": "00:33:34", "start": "00:33:28", "text": "in the research side and they are very"}, {"end": "00:33:36", "start": "00:33:32", "text": "connected to the labs u and the"}, {"end": "00:33:39", "start": "00:33:34", "text": "universities and they see what's on the"}, {"end": "00:33:40", "start": "00:33:36", "text": "horizon and they have one foot in the"}, {"end": "00:33:42", "start": "00:33:39", "text": "right on the bleeding edge of"}, {"end": "00:33:44", "start": "00:33:40", "text": "commercialization and and if you bet too"}, {"end": "00:33:45", "start": "00:33:42", "text": "early you don't really get a good"}, {"end": "00:33:48", "start": "00:33:44", "text": "experience out of it and then the"}, {"end": "00:33:50", "start": "00:33:45", "text": "imitators come in and kill you. If you"}, {"end": "00:33:52", "start": "00:33:48", "text": "bet too late the you're the idiot."}, {"end": "00:33:54", "start": "00:33:50", "text": "There's there's always the three eyes in"}, {"end": "00:33:56", "start": "00:33:52", "text": "business. There's the innovators, the"}, {"end": "00:33:59", "start": "00:33:54", "text": "imitators, and the idiots. And they're"}, {"end": "00:34:00", "start": "00:33:56", "text": "very close together. So, you're MySpace."}, {"end": "00:34:02", "start": "00:33:59", "text": "You come out, you're the innovator,"}, {"end": "00:34:03", "start": "00:34:00", "text": "right? But you take a lot of arrows and"}, {"end": "00:34:05", "start": "00:34:02", "text": "you make a lot of mistakes. And then the"}, {"end": "00:34:06", "start": "00:34:03", "text": "imitator comes in, the Facebook, and"}, {"end": "00:34:08", "start": "00:34:05", "text": "they take your lunch and eat everything."}, {"end": "00:34:09", "start": "00:34:06", "text": "And then people came after Facebook."}, {"end": "00:34:11", "start": "00:34:08", "text": "They were the idiots. You know, they"}, {"end": "00:34:13", "start": "00:34:09", "text": "they weren't able to build like was it"}, {"end": "00:34:15", "start": "00:34:11", "text": "Google Plus or Google circles or"}, {"end": "00:34:16", "start": "00:34:13", "text": "whatever it was, they failed miserably"}, {"end": "00:34:18", "start": "00:34:15", "text": "even though they had the network effect"}, {"end": "00:34:19", "start": "00:34:16", "text": "of Google and these types of things. So,"}, {"end": "00:34:21", "start": "00:34:18", "text": "it's very much the same way you look at"}, {"end": "00:34:23", "start": "00:34:19", "text": "emerging technologies. You like where"}, {"end": "00:34:25", "start": "00:34:21", "text": "are we at? out with the innovator? Not"}, {"end": "00:34:27", "start": "00:34:23", "text": "really. There's other people that do"}, {"end": "00:34:29", "start": "00:34:25", "text": "synthetic biology, but uh you know,"}, {"end": "00:34:31", "start": "00:34:27", "text": "we're just leaving that phase and now"}, {"end": "00:34:34", "start": "00:34:29", "text": "we're in that second generation and we"}, {"end": "00:34:35", "start": "00:34:31", "text": "think that there's a lot of there there"}, {"end": "00:34:38", "start": "00:34:34", "text": "and if we're successful, there'll be"}, {"end": "00:34:39", "start": "00:34:35", "text": "tons of idiots that come in and they try"}, {"end": "00:34:41", "start": "00:34:38", "text": "to do things, but we already have all"}, {"end": "00:34:43", "start": "00:34:39", "text": "the the right business model and that's"}, {"end": "00:34:45", "start": "00:34:41", "text": "what keeps it fun. You know, uh Steve"}, {"end": "00:34:49", "start": "00:34:43", "text": "Jobs did this with AI. You know, there"}, {"end": "00:34:51", "start": "00:34:45", "text": "was a DARPA program called Kao in 2003"}, {"end": "00:34:53", "start": "00:34:49", "text": "to 2008. it was cognitive assistant that"}, {"end": "00:34:55", "start": "00:34:51", "text": "learns and organizes and he literally"}, {"end": "00:34:56", "start": "00:34:53", "text": "got weekly reports on the things that"}, {"end": "00:34:57", "start": "00:34:55", "text": "were happening there because the guys"}, {"end": "00:35:00", "start": "00:34:56", "text": "who were running it were the guys who"}, {"end": "00:35:02", "start": "00:34:57", "text": "ended up creating Siri. So they they"}, {"end": "00:35:04", "start": "00:35:00", "text": "were basically like talking about this"}, {"end": "00:35:06", "start": "00:35:02", "text": "idea of like an intelligent agent and"}, {"end": "00:35:08", "start": "00:35:04", "text": "this is in 2003. DARPA is always ahead"}, {"end": "00:35:10", "start": "00:35:06", "text": "of the game like this intelligent agent"}, {"end": "00:35:12", "start": "00:35:08", "text": "that would basically uh know everything"}, {"end": "00:35:14", "start": "00:35:10", "text": "about you and it'd be your companion."}, {"end": "00:35:15", "start": "00:35:12", "text": "You talk to it and it's like a personal"}, {"end": "00:35:17", "start": "00:35:14", "text": "assistant and say, \"Hey, read all my"}, {"end": "00:35:18", "start": "00:35:15", "text": "emails. Which ones should I I review?"}, {"end": "00:35:20", "start": "00:35:17", "text": "Which one should I delete? I'll do"}, {"end": "00:35:21", "start": "00:35:18", "text": "this.\" Well, obviously it was fantasy."}, {"end": "00:35:23", "start": "00:35:20", "text": "They didn't have the technology there."}, {"end": "00:35:24", "start": "00:35:21", "text": "But the guys learned an enormous stuff"}, {"end": "00:35:26", "start": "00:35:23", "text": "and they spent hundreds of millions of"}, {"end": "00:35:27", "start": "00:35:24", "text": "taxpayer dollars to derisk all this"}, {"end": "00:35:29", "start": "00:35:26", "text": "technology. So the minute that they"}, {"end": "00:35:30", "start": "00:35:27", "text": "finished, they went created a small"}, {"end": "00:35:32", "start": "00:35:29", "text": "company called Siri and then Steve"}, {"end": "00:35:34", "start": "00:35:30", "text": "instantly bought them and brought them"}, {"end": "00:35:38", "start": "00:35:32", "text": "into the guts of Apple. So he was"}, {"end": "00:35:40", "start": "00:35:34", "text": "watching that and he knew roughly when"}, {"end": "00:35:42", "start": "00:35:38", "text": "to invest to bring an intelligent agent"}, {"end": "00:35:44", "start": "00:35:40", "text": "in. And uh every great entrepreneur has"}, {"end": "00:35:46", "start": "00:35:42", "text": "developed that sense. Uh it's the same"}, {"end": "00:35:48", "start": "00:35:44", "text": "for when you look at Larry Pageige at"}, {"end": "00:35:51", "start": "00:35:46", "text": "Google or you look at Sasha Nadella at"}, {"end": "00:35:54", "start": "00:35:48", "text": "uh at Microsoft today and he just knows"}, {"end": "00:35:57", "start": "00:35:51", "text": "when to cut it, when to invest in it."}, {"end": "00:36:00", "start": "00:35:54", "text": "Wow. When do when do you think that um"}, {"end": "00:36:01", "start": "00:35:57", "text": "when do you think that the what's the"}, {"end": "00:36:02", "start": "00:36:00", "text": "name of the plant company? I'm not going"}, {"end": "00:36:04", "start": "00:36:01", "text": "to say it yet. When do you think that"}, {"end": "00:36:05", "start": "00:36:02", "text": "will come out? Uh we'll probably have"}, {"end": "00:36:06", "start": "00:36:04", "text": "something by the end of the year. Who"}, {"end": "00:36:08", "start": "00:36:05", "text": "knows? You know, I've already probably"}, {"end": "00:36:10", "start": "00:36:06", "text": "said too much. I'm going get an angry"}, {"end": "00:36:11", "start": "00:36:08", "text": "phone call."}, {"end": "00:36:14", "start": "00:36:10", "text": "All right. It's like in Glorious"}, {"end": "00:36:16", "start": "00:36:11", "text": "Bastards. They're going to chew me out."}, {"end": "00:36:18", "start": "00:36:14", "text": "Well, we'll move on. I I do have a"}, {"end": "00:36:20", "start": "00:36:16", "text": "random question. You brought up quantum"}, {"end": "00:36:22", "start": "00:36:18", "text": "computing, and I wanted to get to this"}, {"end": "00:36:24", "start": "00:36:20", "text": "in a little bit, but we'll do it now"}, {"end": "00:36:25", "start": "00:36:22", "text": "since you brought it up. I mean, does"}, {"end": "00:36:27", "start": "00:36:24", "text": "does"}, {"end": "00:36:30", "start": "00:36:25", "text": "quantum computing"}, {"end": "00:36:34", "start": "00:36:27", "text": "would that make cryptocurrency"}, {"end": "00:36:36", "start": "00:36:30", "text": "irrelevant? No. No. So,"}, {"end": "00:36:40", "start": "00:36:34", "text": "basically, how a quantum computer works"}, {"end": "00:36:42", "start": "00:36:36", "text": "is um it's an augmentation of classical"}, {"end": "00:36:43", "start": "00:36:40", "text": "computing, not a replacement of it. So,"}, {"end": "00:36:45", "start": "00:36:42", "text": "the way I like to explain a quantum"}, {"end": "00:36:47", "start": "00:36:43", "text": "computer is imagine that you meet a"}, {"end": "00:36:48", "start": "00:36:45", "text": "really hot girl and she wants to give"}, {"end": "00:36:49", "start": "00:36:47", "text": "you her number, but she's kind of a"}, {"end": "00:36:52", "start": "00:36:48", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] So, she's like, \"All right, I"}, {"end": "00:36:54", "start": "00:36:49", "text": "wrote my number in this library over"}, {"end": "00:36:55", "start": "00:36:52", "text": "there inside one of the books.\" You walk"}, {"end": "00:36:57", "start": "00:36:54", "text": "in the library, there's millions of"}, {"end": "00:36:59", "start": "00:36:55", "text": "books, and you're like, \"Oh, [\u00a0__\u00a0] you.\""}, {"end": "00:37:00", "start": "00:36:57", "text": "So, she's legit. She wrote her number in"}, {"end": "00:37:03", "start": "00:36:59", "text": "there, but like, how do you find the"}, {"end": "00:37:04", "start": "00:37:00", "text": "number? So, a classical computer, how"}, {"end": "00:37:06", "start": "00:37:03", "text": "that would work is that you would just"}, {"end": "00:37:08", "start": "00:37:04", "text": "start at one of the bookshelves, you"}, {"end": "00:37:09", "start": "00:37:06", "text": "take each book off, and you flip through"}, {"end": "00:37:11", "start": "00:37:08", "text": "all the pages and see if you find the"}, {"end": "00:37:12", "start": "00:37:09", "text": "number. Now, if you want to speed it up,"}, {"end": "00:37:14", "start": "00:37:11", "text": "there's two ways you can speed it up."}, {"end": "00:37:16", "start": "00:37:12", "text": "You can speed it up se sequentially,"}, {"end": "00:37:18", "start": "00:37:14", "text": "meaning that you speed up the rate at"}, {"end": "00:37:20", "start": "00:37:16", "text": "which you flip through the books or in"}, {"end": "00:37:21", "start": "00:37:18", "text": "parallel. And in parallel, you get your"}, {"end": "00:37:23", "start": "00:37:20", "text": "friends to go and help look through. So"}, {"end": "00:37:25", "start": "00:37:21", "text": "maybe you have five guys come and say"}, {"end": "00:37:26", "start": "00:37:23", "text": "you and five other guys are flipping"}, {"end": "00:37:28", "start": "00:37:25", "text": "through books. Now you have six cores"}, {"end": "00:37:29", "start": "00:37:26", "text": "running. And if you want to"}, {"end": "00:37:31", "start": "00:37:28", "text": "sequentially, that's your clock rate."}, {"end": "00:37:33", "start": "00:37:29", "text": "You speed it up. So for a long long time"}, {"end": "00:37:36", "start": "00:37:31", "text": "since the 30s when we first started"}, {"end": "00:37:38", "start": "00:37:33", "text": "talking about these things to today"}, {"end": "00:37:40", "start": "00:37:36", "text": "that's been the paradigm of computing is"}, {"end": "00:37:42", "start": "00:37:38", "text": "either speed up the clock rate or make"}, {"end": "00:37:44", "start": "00:37:40", "text": "it more parallel and find algorithms"}, {"end": "00:37:45", "start": "00:37:42", "text": "that can do that. Quantum computing is"}, {"end": "00:37:47", "start": "00:37:44", "text": "fundamentally different. What it does is"}, {"end": "00:37:48", "start": "00:37:45", "text": "it says okay here's what we're going to"}, {"end": "00:37:50", "start": "00:37:47", "text": "do. We have three things. We're going to"}, {"end": "00:37:52", "start": "00:37:48", "text": "do superp position. So we're instead of"}, {"end": "00:37:53", "start": "00:37:50", "text": "looking for the books we're going to"}, {"end": "00:37:56", "start": "00:37:52", "text": "have this magical way of taking all the"}, {"end": "00:37:57", "start": "00:37:53", "text": "books off the shelves and put them in a"}, {"end": "00:38:00", "start": "00:37:56", "text": "superp position state. And then we have"}, {"end": "00:38:02", "start": "00:37:57", "text": "interference and entanglement. And these"}, {"end": "00:38:04", "start": "00:38:00", "text": "properties allow us to relatively"}, {"end": "00:38:08", "start": "00:38:02", "text": "speaking know the location, the rough"}, {"end": "00:38:10", "start": "00:38:04", "text": "location of where that book is. Then"}, {"end": "00:38:12", "start": "00:38:08", "text": "we'll put them all back on the shelves,"}, {"end": "00:38:14", "start": "00:38:10", "text": "but the area that has the number, we're"}, {"end": "00:38:16", "start": "00:38:12", "text": "going to pull those books out slightly."}, {"end": "00:38:18", "start": "00:38:14", "text": "So, you still have to do the classical"}, {"end": "00:38:19", "start": "00:38:16", "text": "thing. You still have to go and open the"}, {"end": "00:38:21", "start": "00:38:18", "text": "book and read through the pages, but now"}, {"end": "00:38:22", "start": "00:38:19", "text": "instead of blindly going through and"}, {"end": "00:38:25", "start": "00:38:21", "text": "looking at all the different"}, {"end": "00:38:27", "start": "00:38:22", "text": "possibilities, you know the rough area"}, {"end": "00:38:28", "start": "00:38:25", "text": "that you want to go to. So you go over"}, {"end": "00:38:30", "start": "00:38:27", "text": "there and you pull that book off and lo"}, {"end": "00:38:33", "start": "00:38:28", "text": "and behold the numbers there getting"}, {"end": "00:38:35", "start": "00:38:30", "text": "laid. Congratulations, life is good, you"}, {"end": "00:38:38", "start": "00:38:33", "text": "know. So, so, so that's quantum"}, {"end": "00:38:41", "start": "00:38:35", "text": "computing in a nutshell. And and and if"}, {"end": "00:38:44", "start": "00:38:38", "text": "you look at a lot of things that we do,"}, {"end": "00:38:47", "start": "00:38:41", "text": "you are trying in computing to stumble"}, {"end": "00:38:48", "start": "00:38:44", "text": "upon the right answer like flight"}, {"end": "00:38:50", "start": "00:38:47", "text": "scheduling. You're like, well, how do I"}, {"end": "00:38:52", "start": "00:38:48", "text": "figure out this flight so that I can"}, {"end": "00:38:55", "start": "00:38:50", "text": "have a layover of this property in"}, {"end": "00:38:56", "start": "00:38:52", "text": "Atlanta and this this and this? But"}, {"end": "00:38:59", "start": "00:38:55", "text": "there's all these other things going on"}, {"end": "00:39:01", "start": "00:38:56", "text": "and and it turns out it's like an NP"}, {"end": "00:39:02", "start": "00:38:59", "text": "problem. It's super hard to actually"}, {"end": "00:39:03", "start": "00:39:01", "text": "schedule a flight. But if you have a"}, {"end": "00:39:05", "start": "00:39:02", "text": "quantum computer, it can kind of look at"}, {"end": "00:39:06", "start": "00:39:03", "text": "all the art of the possible and at least"}, {"end": "00:39:08", "start": "00:39:05", "text": "give you a sense of where a"}, {"end": "00:39:10", "start": "00:39:06", "text": "probabilistic minimum is. So the"}, {"end": "00:39:12", "start": "00:39:08", "text": "minimize the layover time or whatever"}, {"end": "00:39:15", "start": "00:39:10", "text": "your objective is. Or in the case of"}, {"end": "00:39:16", "start": "00:39:12", "text": "large language models like chat, GPT or"}, {"end": "00:39:18", "start": "00:39:15", "text": "any of these AI things, what you'll do"}, {"end": "00:39:20", "start": "00:39:16", "text": "is you'll say okay well there's outputs"}, {"end": "00:39:21", "start": "00:39:18", "text": "that come out of these models. Well,"}, {"end": "00:39:23", "start": "00:39:20", "text": "which one of the outputs is the right"}, {"end": "00:39:25", "start": "00:39:21", "text": "output? You'll ask it a question. and"}, {"end": "00:39:27", "start": "00:39:23", "text": "you'll be like, uh, you know, I need to"}, {"end": "00:39:28", "start": "00:39:25", "text": "know, I'm going to be in DC for the"}, {"end": "00:39:30", "start": "00:39:27", "text": "weekend, uh, and here are all my"}, {"end": "00:39:33", "start": "00:39:28", "text": "parameters and I'm looking for a good"}, {"end": "00:39:35", "start": "00:39:30", "text": "restaurant, uh, and which one's a good"}, {"end": "00:39:37", "start": "00:39:33", "text": "one? And so they'll have maybe 50"}, {"end": "00:39:38", "start": "00:39:35", "text": "recommendations that come through. And"}, {"end": "00:39:41", "start": "00:39:37", "text": "some are obviously wrong, like one's in"}, {"end": "00:39:42", "start": "00:39:38", "text": "Virginia, or one's in Maryland or"}, {"end": "00:39:44", "start": "00:39:41", "text": "something, and one's really in DC, but"}, {"end": "00:39:46", "start": "00:39:42", "text": "it's too expensive or something like"}, {"end": "00:39:48", "start": "00:39:44", "text": "that. So ordinarily, what you'd have to"}, {"end": "00:39:49", "start": "00:39:46", "text": "do is you'd have to create some sort of"}, {"end": "00:39:51", "start": "00:39:48", "text": "system that's intelligent to look"}, {"end": "00:39:52", "start": "00:39:49", "text": "through all those different things. And"}, {"end": "00:39:54", "start": "00:39:51", "text": "a human being has to write that a"}, {"end": "00:39:56", "start": "00:39:52", "text": "program or you personally have to look"}, {"end": "00:39:57", "start": "00:39:54", "text": "at the outputs and say oh that's wrong"}, {"end": "00:39:59", "start": "00:39:56", "text": "and that's wrong. Well the quantum"}, {"end": "00:40:00", "start": "00:39:57", "text": "computer you basically get to look at"}, {"end": "00:40:02", "start": "00:39:59", "text": "all the outputs just like all the books"}, {"end": "00:40:05", "start": "00:40:00", "text": "at the same time and then it can show"}, {"end": "00:40:06", "start": "00:40:02", "text": "you which one of those answers is right."}, {"end": "00:40:08", "start": "00:40:05", "text": "Remember it could be millions of them."}, {"end": "00:40:10", "start": "00:40:06", "text": "It's the cubit range. And so you know"}, {"end": "00:40:13", "start": "00:40:08", "text": "once you start getting up in cubits you"}, {"end": "00:40:14", "start": "00:40:10", "text": "can do it's arbitrarily many like and so"}, {"end": "00:40:16", "start": "00:40:13", "text": "what this does is it gives you the"}, {"end": "00:40:19", "start": "00:40:14", "text": "ability to have a large language model"}, {"end": "00:40:21", "start": "00:40:16", "text": "that's exponentially better than a large"}, {"end": "00:40:23", "start": "00:40:19", "text": "language model that we have today. Um"}, {"end": "00:40:26", "start": "00:40:21", "text": "and it gets really crazy when you start"}, {"end": "00:40:28", "start": "00:40:23", "text": "stacking modalities like Microsoft has a"}, {"end": "00:40:30", "start": "00:40:26", "text": "technology called Matternet and it's a"}, {"end": "00:40:32", "start": "00:40:28", "text": "simulation framework. It's almost like"}, {"end": "00:40:34", "start": "00:40:30", "text": "reality builder where you just tell it"}, {"end": "00:40:36", "start": "00:40:32", "text": "what properties you want. Like I want a"}, {"end": "00:40:38", "start": "00:40:34", "text": "battery and I want these properties and"}, {"end": "00:40:40", "start": "00:40:36", "text": "it basically gives you a recipe for how"}, {"end": "00:40:41", "start": "00:40:38", "text": "to make that molecularly. But the"}, {"end": "00:40:43", "start": "00:40:40", "text": "problem is that the simulation breaks"}, {"end": "00:40:46", "start": "00:40:41", "text": "down after you start modeling maybe 20"}, {"end": "00:40:47", "start": "00:40:43", "text": "30 electrons. Uh so with a quantum"}, {"end": "00:40:48", "start": "00:40:46", "text": "computer it doesn't have that"}, {"end": "00:40:50", "start": "00:40:47", "text": "limitation. You can look at many many"}, {"end": "00:40:52", "start": "00:40:48", "text": "many different bonding paths and things."}, {"end": "00:40:55", "start": "00:40:50", "text": "So it literally can print out how to"}, {"end": "00:40:57", "start": "00:40:52", "text": "make that material that's magical. And"}, {"end": "00:40:59", "start": "00:40:55", "text": "so you could start talking about like"}, {"end": "00:41:01", "start": "00:40:57", "text": "let's say I want a Blackhawk helicopter"}, {"end": "00:41:02", "start": "00:40:59", "text": "and and I want the skin to have what's"}, {"end": "00:41:04", "start": "00:41:01", "text": "called a negative refractory index"}, {"end": "00:41:07", "start": "00:41:02", "text": "material so it can go invisible and and"}, {"end": "00:41:08", "start": "00:41:04", "text": "I want it to be light but super strong"}, {"end": "00:41:11", "start": "00:41:07", "text": "and I want it to be self-healing so if I"}, {"end": "00:41:12", "start": "00:41:08", "text": "run an electrical current the the the"}, {"end": "00:41:14", "start": "00:41:11", "text": "stress fractures heal themselves so I"}, {"end": "00:41:16", "start": "00:41:12", "text": "don't have to replace the airframe. And"}, {"end": "00:41:19", "start": "00:41:14", "text": "then also I want it to be non-newtonian"}, {"end": "00:41:20", "start": "00:41:16", "text": "so that it's uh soft but when it gets"}, {"end": "00:41:22", "start": "00:41:19", "text": "hit by a bullet it gets super hard like"}, {"end": "00:41:24", "start": "00:41:20", "text": "a football helmet or something like"}, {"end": "00:41:26", "start": "00:41:22", "text": "that. and it'll tell you literally the"}, {"end": "00:41:29", "start": "00:41:24", "text": "recipe for how to make that strange"}, {"end": "00:41:30", "start": "00:41:26", "text": "exotic alloy, you know, with all these"}, {"end": "00:41:32", "start": "00:41:29", "text": "different properties. You can't do that"}, {"end": "00:41:34", "start": "00:41:30", "text": "with a classical computer because"}, {"end": "00:41:36", "start": "00:41:32", "text": "there's there's too many possibilities"}, {"end": "00:41:38", "start": "00:41:34", "text": "and it's like a library with more books"}, {"end": "00:41:39", "start": "00:41:36", "text": "than the time in the universe to look"}, {"end": "00:41:41", "start": "00:41:38", "text": "at. But with a quantum computer, it can"}, {"end": "00:41:43", "start": "00:41:39", "text": "look at all of them at the same time."}, {"end": "00:41:45", "start": "00:41:41", "text": "So, it'll tell you the path to get to"}, {"end": "00:41:47", "start": "00:41:43", "text": "that and the specific recipe. Because"}, {"end": "00:41:49", "start": "00:41:45", "text": "right now, how we figure it out is just"}, {"end": "00:41:51", "start": "00:41:47", "text": "math and trial and error. You go to a"}, {"end": "00:41:52", "start": "00:41:49", "text": "lab and you kind of do some stuff and"}, {"end": "00:41:54", "start": "00:41:51", "text": "you think, I think it's over here. And"}, {"end": "00:41:57", "start": "00:41:52", "text": "then you do a bunch of experiments until"}, {"end": "00:41:58", "start": "00:41:54", "text": "you stumble across the material. And"}, {"end": "00:42:00", "start": "00:41:57", "text": "everything works this way. Like this"}, {"end": "00:42:03", "start": "00:41:58", "text": "microphone, what would give it the best"}, {"end": "00:42:04", "start": "00:42:00", "text": "sound? Or like a battery, you know, I"}, {"end": "00:42:06", "start": "00:42:03", "text": "want it to have a high energy density"}, {"end": "00:42:08", "start": "00:42:04", "text": "and I want it to be very light and I"}, {"end": "00:42:10", "start": "00:42:06", "text": "want it to charge really fast and I want"}, {"end": "00:42:12", "start": "00:42:08", "text": "it to be recyclable and be made out of"}, {"end": "00:42:13", "start": "00:42:10", "text": "non- rare earth materials because China"}, {"end": "00:42:14", "start": "00:42:12", "text": "owns all those and they're screwing us."}, {"end": "00:42:17", "start": "00:42:13", "text": "Like I want to be able to make it"}, {"end": "00:42:19", "start": "00:42:14", "text": "domestically in America. That's a very"}, {"end": "00:42:22", "start": "00:42:17", "text": "rare intersection point of trade-offs."}, {"end": "00:42:23", "start": "00:42:19", "text": "And so, what material would you need to"}, {"end": "00:42:24", "start": "00:42:22", "text": "be able to do something like that? So,"}, {"end": "00:42:26", "start": "00:42:23", "text": "when you blend these two things"}, {"end": "00:42:27", "start": "00:42:24", "text": "together, it's just going to create a"}, {"end": "00:42:29", "start": "00:42:26", "text": "golden age. We're we're going to be able"}, {"end": "00:42:30", "start": "00:42:27", "text": "to do things that are incredible. How"}, {"end": "00:42:32", "start": "00:42:29", "text": "close are we to that, do you think?"}, {"end": "00:42:34", "start": "00:42:30", "text": "Well, yeah. And the Sorry, I was on a"}, {"end": "00:42:35", "start": "00:42:32", "text": "tangent there, but um you asked a"}, {"end": "00:42:37", "start": "00:42:34", "text": "specific question like will that kill"}, {"end": "00:42:39", "start": "00:42:35", "text": "the cryptocurrency industry? So in"}, {"end": "00:42:42", "start": "00:42:37", "text": "addition to these magical things that"}, {"end": "00:42:44", "start": "00:42:39", "text": "quantum computers can do, the defense"}, {"end": "00:42:48", "start": "00:42:42", "text": "issue is that most of the cryptography"}, {"end": "00:42:50", "start": "00:42:44", "text": "public key cryptography that we use has"}, {"end": "00:42:52", "start": "00:42:48", "text": "two parts to it. A public part and a"}, {"end": "00:42:53", "start": "00:42:50", "text": "private part. And the public part you"}, {"end": "00:42:55", "start": "00:42:52", "text": "give it to everybody. And the private"}, {"end": "00:42:57", "start": "00:42:53", "text": "part you have. So in cryptocurrencies"}, {"end": "00:42:58", "start": "00:42:55", "text": "you have private key and a public key."}, {"end": "00:43:01", "start": "00:42:57", "text": "Public key is where I pay you. And the"}, {"end": "00:43:04", "start": "00:42:58", "text": "private key is you know what I use to"}, {"end": "00:43:05", "start": "00:43:01", "text": "authorize a payment. So the challenge is"}, {"end": "00:43:09", "start": "00:43:04", "text": "that all the math that's behind it in"}, {"end": "00:43:10", "start": "00:43:05", "text": "the classical sense I it only works as"}, {"end": "00:43:11", "start": "00:43:09", "text": "long as you don't have a quantum"}, {"end": "00:43:12", "start": "00:43:10", "text": "computer. If you have a quantum"}, {"end": "00:43:14", "start": "00:43:11", "text": "computer, you have things like Rover's"}, {"end": "00:43:16", "start": "00:43:12", "text": "algorithm and shores algorithm and these"}, {"end": "00:43:19", "start": "00:43:14", "text": "things. And these gigab brains at MIT"}, {"end": "00:43:22", "start": "00:43:16", "text": "were basically able to show how to use"}, {"end": "00:43:24", "start": "00:43:19", "text": "this librarian book trick to find your"}, {"end": "00:43:25", "start": "00:43:22", "text": "private key inside the system because"}, {"end": "00:43:27", "start": "00:43:24", "text": "you can't find it normally. It'd be like"}, {"end": "00:43:29", "start": "00:43:25", "text": "looking for that phone number and going"}, {"end": "00:43:31", "start": "00:43:27", "text": "through book after book after book. So"}, {"end": "00:43:32", "start": "00:43:29", "text": "the question is, are we done? No."}, {"end": "00:43:34", "start": "00:43:31", "text": "because it turns out that there's"}, {"end": "00:43:36", "start": "00:43:32", "text": "algorithms that are not susceptible to"}, {"end": "00:43:39", "start": "00:43:34", "text": "this. They're called postquantum"}, {"end": "00:43:41", "start": "00:43:36", "text": "cryptography. Um so the challenge in why"}, {"end": "00:43:43", "start": "00:43:39", "text": "the cryptocurrency industry has not"}, {"end": "00:43:47", "start": "00:43:41", "text": "adopted them is kind of twofold. One is"}, {"end": "00:43:49", "start": "00:43:43", "text": "that they're new and highly inefficient."}, {"end": "00:43:51", "start": "00:43:47", "text": "So in many cases to use a postquantum"}, {"end": "00:43:54", "start": "00:43:49", "text": "algorithm the key sizes are 10 to 100"}, {"end": "00:43:56", "start": "00:43:51", "text": "times greater and it's much more"}, {"end": "00:43:58", "start": "00:43:54", "text": "computationally intensive. And also"}, {"end": "00:44:01", "start": "00:43:56", "text": "because they're new, they have not been"}, {"end": "00:44:02", "start": "00:43:58", "text": "mathematically rigorously tested as as"}, {"end": "00:44:04", "start": "00:44:01", "text": "well as they need to be. RSA, which is"}, {"end": "00:44:06", "start": "00:44:02", "text": "the backbone of the security of the"}, {"end": "00:44:08", "start": "00:44:04", "text": "internet, was invented in the 70s and we"}, {"end": "00:44:10", "start": "00:44:06", "text": "still use it today. So there's like 50"}, {"end": "00:44:13", "start": "00:44:08", "text": "years of asset tests and hardcore"}, {"end": "00:44:15", "start": "00:44:10", "text": "analysis that's been done. Elliptic"}, {"end": "00:44:16", "start": "00:44:13", "text": "curve cryptography came out in the 80s"}, {"end": "00:44:18", "start": "00:44:15", "text": "uh by a friend of mine uh Neil Kovitz"}, {"end": "00:44:20", "start": "00:44:16", "text": "and he wrote this lovely paper called"}, {"end": "00:44:21", "start": "00:44:18", "text": "the serpentine path of elliptic curve"}, {"end": "00:44:23", "start": "00:44:20", "text": "crypto where even though he invented in"}, {"end": "00:44:25", "start": "00:44:21", "text": "the 80s it didn't take off until the"}, {"end": "00:44:27", "start": "00:44:23", "text": "2000s because it took him more than 15"}, {"end": "00:44:29", "start": "00:44:25", "text": "years to convince people that it was"}, {"end": "00:44:31", "start": "00:44:27", "text": "secure and uh he had to do all this work"}, {"end": "00:44:33", "start": "00:44:29", "text": "and all this lobbying and these types of"}, {"end": "00:44:35", "start": "00:44:31", "text": "things. So cryptography they tend to be"}, {"end": "00:44:38", "start": "00:44:33", "text": "professionally paranoid by design and so"}, {"end": "00:44:40", "start": "00:44:35", "text": "they they they very very slowly roll out"}, {"end": "00:44:42", "start": "00:44:38", "text": "these things and the other side is"}, {"end": "00:44:44", "start": "00:44:40", "text": "standardization. So even if you have a"}, {"end": "00:44:46", "start": "00:44:42", "text": "brilliant idea, you never want to"}, {"end": "00:44:48", "start": "00:44:44", "text": "implement a non-standard piece of"}, {"end": "00:44:50", "start": "00:44:46", "text": "cryptography because you'll get screwed"}, {"end": "00:44:53", "start": "00:44:48", "text": "by the hardware manufacturers. So when"}, {"end": "00:44:54", "start": "00:44:50", "text": "you look at your phone or your computer,"}, {"end": "00:44:57", "start": "00:44:53", "text": "the chips inside of them actually have"}, {"end": "00:44:58", "start": "00:44:54", "text": "specialized circuitry for crypto that"}, {"end": "00:45:03", "start": "00:44:57", "text": "the Department of Commerce through NIST"}, {"end": "00:45:04", "start": "00:44:58", "text": "standardizes. So AES and uh RSA and"}, {"end": "00:45:06", "start": "00:45:03", "text": "certain elliptic curves and these"}, {"end": "00:45:08", "start": "00:45:04", "text": "things, there's actual acceleration and"}, {"end": "00:45:10", "start": "00:45:06", "text": "in hardware it'll run 100 times faster."}, {"end": "00:45:11", "start": "00:45:08", "text": "So if you pick a non-standard thing and"}, {"end": "00:45:12", "start": "00:45:10", "text": "you're just running on software, you're"}, {"end": "00:45:15", "start": "00:45:11", "text": "100 times slower than your competition"}, {"end": "00:45:16", "start": "00:45:12", "text": "that picks a standard thing. So you have"}, {"end": "00:45:18", "start": "00:45:15", "text": "to wait for NIST to standardize"}, {"end": "00:45:19", "start": "00:45:16", "text": "something. And the good news is they"}, {"end": "00:45:21", "start": "00:45:18", "text": "did. We worked with them alongside"}, {"end": "00:45:22", "start": "00:45:19", "text": "dozens of other cryptographic groups"}, {"end": "00:45:23", "start": "00:45:21", "text": "because we have one of the largest"}, {"end": "00:45:26", "start": "00:45:22", "text": "research groups for cryptography. We"}, {"end": "00:45:28", "start": "00:45:23", "text": "have 168 scientists we work with in labs"}, {"end": "00:45:30", "start": "00:45:26", "text": "at Stanford and CMU and and uh"}, {"end": "00:45:33", "start": "00:45:28", "text": "University of Edinburgh and so forth."}, {"end": "00:45:35", "start": "00:45:30", "text": "And they wrote FIPS 203, 204, 205, and"}, {"end": "00:45:37", "start": "00:45:33", "text": "206 which are standards for postquantum"}, {"end": "00:45:39", "start": "00:45:35", "text": "crypto both on the hash and lattis side."}, {"end": "00:45:40", "start": "00:45:37", "text": "And now that we have them, the hardware"}, {"end": "00:45:42", "start": "00:45:39", "text": "manufacturers are going to create"}, {"end": "00:45:44", "start": "00:45:40", "text": "specialized circuits for those to"}, {"end": "00:45:46", "start": "00:45:42", "text": "accelerate them. And now that they're"}, {"end": "00:45:47", "start": "00:45:44", "text": "there, we can upgrade crypto to have"}, {"end": "00:45:49", "start": "00:45:46", "text": "those capabilities. And what's really"}, {"end": "00:45:51", "start": "00:45:47", "text": "exciting is in many cases, these are"}, {"end": "00:45:54", "start": "00:45:49", "text": "going to actually add just not just"}, {"end": "00:45:55", "start": "00:45:51", "text": "security, but in many cases acceleration"}, {"end": "00:45:57", "start": "00:45:54", "text": "because in particular the lattice stuff"}, {"end": "00:45:59", "start": "00:45:55", "text": "can be accelerated on graphics cards. So"}, {"end": "00:46:02", "start": "00:45:57", "text": "everything that people are doing for uh"}, {"end": "00:46:04", "start": "00:45:59", "text": "AI to make AI faster can be used to make"}, {"end": "00:46:05", "start": "00:46:02", "text": "crypto faster. So it's going to be a"}, {"end": "00:46:06", "start": "00:46:04", "text": "golden age actually. We'll be able to"}, {"end": "00:46:08", "start": "00:46:05", "text": "take a lot of these sequential"}, {"end": "00:46:09", "start": "00:46:06", "text": "algorithms and make them very parallel"}, {"end": "00:46:11", "start": "00:46:08", "text": "in the design. But cryptography is"}, {"end": "00:46:13", "start": "00:46:09", "text": "always a game of cat and mouse. If you"}, {"end": "00:46:15", "start": "00:46:11", "text": "ever go to England, you can go to"}, {"end": "00:46:16", "start": "00:46:13", "text": "Bletchley Park and it's a lovely tour."}, {"end": "00:46:19", "start": "00:46:15", "text": "It's a it's where the first computer was"}, {"end": "00:46:21", "start": "00:46:16", "text": "built, the bomb by Alan Turring. And uh"}, {"end": "00:46:23", "start": "00:46:19", "text": "the Nazis, they had this thing called"}, {"end": "00:46:25", "start": "00:46:21", "text": "the Enigma machine and it was basically"}, {"end": "00:46:26", "start": "00:46:23", "text": "this little black box with a keypad on"}, {"end": "00:46:28", "start": "00:46:25", "text": "it and they put a wheel in it and they'd"}, {"end": "00:46:31", "start": "00:46:26", "text": "have a setting for the day and they"}, {"end": "00:46:32", "start": "00:46:28", "text": "could use it to encrypt messages and"}, {"end": "00:46:34", "start": "00:46:31", "text": "then they would transmit it and then"}, {"end": "00:46:36", "start": "00:46:32", "text": "somebody would have that setting and"}, {"end": "00:46:38", "start": "00:46:34", "text": "enigma machine on the other side and"}, {"end": "00:46:40", "start": "00:46:36", "text": "then they would decrypt the message."}, {"end": "00:46:42", "start": "00:46:38", "text": "Well, what the Allies did is they"}, {"end": "00:46:44", "start": "00:46:40", "text": "figured out how to use computers to"}, {"end": "00:46:46", "start": "00:46:42", "text": "basically break those codes. And so if"}, {"end": "00:46:48", "start": "00:46:44", "text": "you go to Bletchley Park, you can"}, {"end": "00:46:50", "start": "00:46:46", "text": "actually see a reconstructed bomb and"}, {"end": "00:46:52", "start": "00:46:48", "text": "they tell you the story of how like Alan"}, {"end": "00:46:54", "start": "00:46:50", "text": "Turing and these other guys figured it"}, {"end": "00:46:55", "start": "00:46:52", "text": "out. Well, now that they had computers,"}, {"end": "00:46:59", "start": "00:46:54", "text": "people use computers to make better"}, {"end": "00:47:01", "start": "00:46:55", "text": "cryptography and then they use computers"}, {"end": "00:47:03", "start": "00:46:59", "text": "to break that cryptography. And so it's"}, {"end": "00:47:05", "start": "00:47:01", "text": "it's always 10 20 years there's like a"}, {"end": "00:47:06", "start": "00:47:03", "text": "thing and then the next thing and then a"}, {"end": "00:47:08", "start": "00:47:05", "text": "thing and then the next thing. It's just"}, {"end": "00:47:11", "start": "00:47:06", "text": "like warfare in general. You know, if"}, {"end": "00:47:13", "start": "00:47:08", "text": "you invent a plane, well, somebody"}, {"end": "00:47:15", "start": "00:47:11", "text": "creates a countermeasure to the plane"}, {"end": "00:47:17", "start": "00:47:13", "text": "and then they create a plane that avoids"}, {"end": "00:47:18", "start": "00:47:15", "text": "that countermeasure, you know, and you"}, {"end": "00:47:22", "start": "00:47:17", "text": "you you never stop. You just keep"}, {"end": "00:47:22", "start": "00:47:18", "text": "getting more advanced with it."}, {"end": "00:47:27", "start": "00:47:23", "text": "How far out do you think we are from"}, {"end": "00:47:29", "start": "00:47:24", "text": "this? Well, the problem with quantum"}, {"end": "00:47:32", "start": "00:47:27", "text": "computing is the paradigm is not set."}, {"end": "00:47:33", "start": "00:47:29", "text": "Um, there are many different approaches"}, {"end": "00:47:36", "start": "00:47:32", "text": "you can take to build a quantum"}, {"end": "00:47:38", "start": "00:47:33", "text": "computer. you know, it's ion trap and uh"}, {"end": "00:47:40", "start": "00:47:36", "text": "quantum topological quantum computers."}, {"end": "00:47:42", "start": "00:47:38", "text": "That's Majerana, what Microsoft did,"}, {"end": "00:47:45", "start": "00:47:40", "text": "which is so [\u00a0__\u00a0] crazy. My favorite"}, {"end": "00:47:46", "start": "00:47:42", "text": "is optical quantum computers, Xanadu and"}, {"end": "00:47:47", "start": "00:47:45", "text": "these other guys work on it. So there's"}, {"end": "00:47:49", "start": "00:47:46", "text": "a lot of great companies, but they're"}, {"end": "00:47:51", "start": "00:47:47", "text": "fundamentally different. Like some use"}, {"end": "00:47:53", "start": "00:47:49", "text": "the photon as their unit of computation."}, {"end": "00:47:55", "start": "00:47:51", "text": "Some use the electron and you know, some"}, {"end": "00:47:57", "start": "00:47:53", "text": "use subatomic particles called major"}, {"end": "00:47:59", "start": "00:47:55", "text": "firmians."}, {"end": "00:48:01", "start": "00:47:57", "text": "All these different things, somebody's"}, {"end": "00:48:03", "start": "00:47:59", "text": "going to crack it. And the hard part is"}, {"end": "00:48:05", "start": "00:48:01", "text": "not the compute side, it's the error"}, {"end": "00:48:07", "start": "00:48:03", "text": "correction. The problem with quantum"}, {"end": "00:48:09", "start": "00:48:05", "text": "computing is that state of superposition"}, {"end": "00:48:11", "start": "00:48:07", "text": "and entanglement is extremely delicate"}, {"end": "00:48:13", "start": "00:48:09", "text": "and so delicate that any perturbation of"}, {"end": "00:48:16", "start": "00:48:11", "text": "it can create a cascading failure in the"}, {"end": "00:48:18", "start": "00:48:13", "text": "compute. So most of these things have to"}, {"end": "00:48:21", "start": "00:48:16", "text": "run at close to absolute zero. You have"}, {"end": "00:48:24", "start": "00:48:18", "text": "to cool them super super super cool and"}, {"end": "00:48:27", "start": "00:48:21", "text": "then you have to keep all the ambient"}, {"end": "00:48:29", "start": "00:48:24", "text": "environment as free of interference as"}, {"end": "00:48:32", "start": "00:48:27", "text": "possible. And then even still it the"}, {"end": "00:48:33", "start": "00:48:29", "text": "computation falls apart. So the biggest"}, {"end": "00:48:36", "start": "00:48:32", "text": "challenge in quantum computing is not"}, {"end": "00:48:39", "start": "00:48:33", "text": "scale like getting more cubits more more"}, {"end": "00:48:41", "start": "00:48:36", "text": "comput power. It's error correction. So"}, {"end": "00:48:43", "start": "00:48:39", "text": "how do you avoid errors from"}, {"end": "00:48:45", "start": "00:48:41", "text": "exponentially increasing and destroying"}, {"end": "00:48:48", "start": "00:48:43", "text": "the calculation and basically"}, {"end": "00:48:50", "start": "00:48:45", "text": "disentangling. So, uh, that's been the"}, {"end": "00:48:52", "start": "00:48:48", "text": "big focus and whether it be Google with"}, {"end": "00:48:55", "start": "00:48:50", "text": "Willow or what Microsoft just announced"}, {"end": "00:48:57", "start": "00:48:52", "text": "with Majerana, we're seeing very"}, {"end": "00:49:00", "start": "00:48:55", "text": "systematic progress in, uh, in every"}, {"end": "00:49:01", "start": "00:48:57", "text": "respect. There's a big national security"}, {"end": "00:49:04", "start": "00:49:00", "text": "issue though because while we can change"}, {"end": "00:49:07", "start": "00:49:01", "text": "cryptography, we and our adversaries do"}, {"end": "00:49:09", "start": "00:49:04", "text": "archive all the data. So, Bluffdale,"}, {"end": "00:49:11", "start": "00:49:07", "text": "Utah, the NSA has this gigantic facility"}, {"end": "00:49:13", "start": "00:49:09", "text": "and it's like yodabytes of storage and"}, {"end": "00:49:14", "start": "00:49:11", "text": "they just basically packet replicate the"}, {"end": "00:49:16", "start": "00:49:13", "text": "internet. They take all the encrypted"}, {"end": "00:49:18", "start": "00:49:14", "text": "traffic from China and Russia and other"}, {"end": "00:49:20", "start": "00:49:16", "text": "places and they just store it there"}, {"end": "00:49:21", "start": "00:49:18", "text": "because if you develop quantum computer"}, {"end": "00:49:25", "start": "00:49:20", "text": "because that was encrypted with"}, {"end": "00:49:28", "start": "00:49:21", "text": "classical compute you can decrypt it. So"}, {"end": "00:49:31", "start": "00:49:25", "text": "security is also how long do you need to"}, {"end": "00:49:33", "start": "00:49:28", "text": "keep the secret for you know so battle"}, {"end": "00:49:35", "start": "00:49:31", "text": "plans in World War II are probably great"}, {"end": "00:49:36", "start": "00:49:33", "text": "for historians but they have no national"}, {"end": "00:49:39", "start": "00:49:35", "text": "security implication because it's so"}, {"end": "00:49:41", "start": "00:49:36", "text": "long ago. But from something in GWAT,"}, {"end": "00:49:42", "start": "00:49:39", "text": "it's still probably relevant today"}, {"end": "00:49:44", "start": "00:49:41", "text": "because that's probably still being used"}, {"end": "00:49:46", "start": "00:49:42", "text": "today in the battlefield. And those"}, {"end": "00:49:49", "start": "00:49:44", "text": "systems are still around. So"}, {"end": "00:49:51", "start": "00:49:46", "text": "cryptography has to last a shelf life"}, {"end": "00:49:53", "start": "00:49:49", "text": "beyond just being broken today. It has"}, {"end": "00:49:57", "start": "00:49:51", "text": "to be maybe 30 years or 40 years and"}, {"end": "00:49:59", "start": "00:49:53", "text": "then it's no longer relevant. So uh the"}, {"end": "00:50:01", "start": "00:49:57", "text": "United States is getting more paranoid"}, {"end": "00:50:03", "start": "00:49:59", "text": "about this is which is why NIST has done"}, {"end": "00:50:05", "start": "00:50:01", "text": "this and the sweet A and sweet B"}, {"end": "00:50:07", "start": "00:50:03", "text": "protocol suites for both NSA and then"}, {"end": "00:50:09", "start": "00:50:05", "text": "the open one department of commerce are"}, {"end": "00:50:11", "start": "00:50:07", "text": "now recommending postquantum. So there's"}, {"end": "00:50:13", "start": "00:50:09", "text": "already a transition that's occurring to"}, {"end": "00:50:14", "start": "00:50:11", "text": "postquantum and we're seeing postquantum"}, {"end": "00:50:16", "start": "00:50:13", "text": "algorithms in the commercial side with"}, {"end": "00:50:18", "start": "00:50:14", "text": "like wire guard getting postquantum"}, {"end": "00:50:20", "start": "00:50:16", "text": "support. So if I had to guess I'd say"}, {"end": "00:50:23", "start": "00:50:18", "text": "probably the 2030s is when we'll start"}, {"end": "00:50:26", "start": "00:50:20", "text": "seeing quantumlike devices work their"}, {"end": "00:50:27", "start": "00:50:23", "text": "way into compute. And by the 2040s, I"}, {"end": "00:50:29", "start": "00:50:26", "text": "think there's a very strong possibility"}, {"end": "00:50:31", "start": "00:50:27", "text": "that we'll crack it. Now, this is a"}, {"end": "00:50:32", "start": "00:50:29", "text": "controversial viewpoint. There are some"}, {"end": "00:50:34", "start": "00:50:31", "text": "people who think quantum computers are"}, {"end": "00:50:36", "start": "00:50:32", "text": "still impossible and they can't work for"}, {"end": "00:50:37", "start": "00:50:34", "text": "a variety of deep theoretical reasons."}, {"end": "00:50:40", "start": "00:50:36", "text": "And there's other people think they will"}, {"end": "00:50:42", "start": "00:50:37", "text": "crack it, but it's like 2050 or 2060 or"}, {"end": "00:50:44", "start": "00:50:40", "text": "2070. Well, it's the same in AI. You"}, {"end": "00:50:46", "start": "00:50:42", "text": "know, you talk to AI researchers and"}, {"end": "00:50:48", "start": "00:50:44", "text": "some are like, \"Oh, well, 2027, you"}, {"end": "00:50:49", "start": "00:50:46", "text": "know, we'll have AGI and the computers"}, {"end": "00:50:51", "start": "00:50:48", "text": "will kill us all and Terminators"}, {"end": "00:50:53", "start": "00:50:49", "text": "forever.\" And there's other people like"}, {"end": "00:50:54", "start": "00:50:51", "text": "Yan Lun are like, \"Oh, the fundamental"}, {"end": "00:50:56", "start": "00:50:53", "text": "model is wrong. we need a world model."}, {"end": "00:50:58", "start": "00:50:54", "text": "We're still a long way off from that. So"}, {"end": "00:50:59", "start": "00:50:56", "text": "maybe the 2030s or 2040s and there's"}, {"end": "00:51:04", "start": "00:50:58", "text": "other people say it's never going to"}, {"end": "00:51:05", "start": "00:50:59", "text": "happen like uh you know um Fitio Fagen"}, {"end": "00:51:07", "start": "00:51:04", "text": "or any of these other guys who invented"}, {"end": "00:51:09", "start": "00:51:05", "text": "the microprocessor because he says uh"}, {"end": "00:51:12", "start": "00:51:07", "text": "cognition is fundamentally different"}, {"end": "00:51:15", "start": "00:51:09", "text": "than how we do vano architecture"}, {"end": "00:51:18", "start": "00:51:12", "text": "computing. So uh it's just it lives in a"}, {"end": "00:51:21", "start": "00:51:15", "text": "different world. Um so so any expert"}, {"end": "00:51:23", "start": "00:51:18", "text": "you'll always find like 45 opinions on"}, {"end": "00:51:25", "start": "00:51:21", "text": "these things but I always look as an"}, {"end": "00:51:27", "start": "00:51:23", "text": "entrepreneur at who's investing how much"}, {"end": "00:51:29", "start": "00:51:25", "text": "money are they putting in how many"}, {"end": "00:51:32", "start": "00:51:27", "text": "alternative approaches are we following"}, {"end": "00:51:34", "start": "00:51:29", "text": "uh and ultimately what's the payoff of"}, {"end": "00:51:36", "start": "00:51:32", "text": "success if your payoff of success is you"}, {"end": "00:51:37", "start": "00:51:34", "text": "have like a reality machine with"}, {"end": "00:51:39", "start": "00:51:36", "text": "Matternet where you can just enter in"}, {"end": "00:51:40", "start": "00:51:37", "text": "what you want and it produces that thing"}, {"end": "00:51:42", "start": "00:51:39", "text": "well yeah a lot of people are going to"}, {"end": "00:51:44", "start": "00:51:40", "text": "chase that and as much the same with AI"}, {"end": "00:51:45", "start": "00:51:42", "text": "you know you could say well we need to"}, {"end": "00:51:47", "start": "00:51:44", "text": "slow down for alignment but you're like"}, {"end": "00:51:48", "start": "00:51:45", "text": "guys the first person to solve this"}, {"end": "00:51:50", "start": "00:51:47", "text": "problem, it's probably going to be a"}, {"end": "00:51:52", "start": "00:51:48", "text": "trillionaire. You're going to get every"}, {"end": "00:51:54", "start": "00:51:50", "text": "company in the world chasing that and"}, {"end": "00:51:56", "start": "00:51:52", "text": "investing in that. And if even if one of"}, {"end": "00:51:57", "start": "00:51:54", "text": "them voluntarily steps off the the"}, {"end": "00:52:00", "start": "00:51:56", "text": "thing, there's too much competition."}, {"end": "00:52:01", "start": "00:51:57", "text": "It's there's an inevitability behind it."}, {"end": "00:52:03", "start": "00:52:00", "text": "Just like the Manhattan project, they"}, {"end": "00:52:05", "start": "00:52:01", "text": "actually had not one but two different"}, {"end": "00:52:07", "start": "00:52:03", "text": "designs for the nuclear bomb. You know,"}, {"end": "00:52:09", "start": "00:52:05", "text": "the the little boy and fat man or"}, {"end": "00:52:11", "start": "00:52:07", "text": "whatever they were. And one was an"}, {"end": "00:52:13", "start": "00:52:09", "text": "implosion sphere, another was like a gun"}, {"end": "00:52:14", "start": "00:52:11", "text": "where it shoot something and hit. And"}, {"end": "00:52:16", "start": "00:52:13", "text": "they did this to d-risk the program"}, {"end": "00:52:17", "start": "00:52:14", "text": "because they didn't know which one was"}, {"end": "00:52:19", "start": "00:52:16", "text": "going to work. And it turned out both of"}, {"end": "00:52:20", "start": "00:52:17", "text": "them did. So the one in Nagasaki was the"}, {"end": "00:52:22", "start": "00:52:19", "text": "implosion device and the other was"}, {"end": "00:52:24", "start": "00:52:20", "text": "Hiroshima. But when you really want"}, {"end": "00:52:26", "start": "00:52:22", "text": "something to happen, you'll just throw"}, {"end": "00:52:28", "start": "00:52:24", "text": "lots of money, lots of people, and you"}, {"end": "00:52:30", "start": "00:52:26", "text": "have lots of approaches. So quantum"}, {"end": "00:52:32", "start": "00:52:28", "text": "computing is exactly the same way."}, {"end": "00:52:34", "start": "00:52:30", "text": "There's dozen or so different paradigms"}, {"end": "00:52:36", "start": "00:52:32", "text": "that you could follow. And there's many"}, {"end": "00:52:37", "start": "00:52:34", "text": "billions of dollars and many many"}, {"end": "00:52:39", "start": "00:52:36", "text": "companies that are chasing this thing."}, {"end": "00:52:41", "start": "00:52:37", "text": "So the odds of at least one of them"}, {"end": "00:52:42", "start": "00:52:39", "text": "turning out to actually work the way we"}, {"end": "00:52:44", "start": "00:52:41", "text": "think it's going to work is pretty high."}, {"end": "00:52:46", "start": "00:52:42", "text": "And the payoff is so large that people"}, {"end": "00:52:48", "start": "00:52:44", "text": "will continue to do this until they"}, {"end": "00:52:50", "start": "00:52:46", "text": "crack it. Do you think the US will be"}, {"end": "00:52:52", "start": "00:52:48", "text": "the first ones to crack it? We have a"}, {"end": "00:52:54", "start": "00:52:50", "text": "huge advantage in that we have a lot of"}, {"end": "00:52:56", "start": "00:52:52", "text": "the brains and people um and even if we"}, {"end": "00:52:57", "start": "00:52:54", "text": "don't, we tend to to buy them and bring"}, {"end": "00:52:59", "start": "00:52:56", "text": "them into the United States. Like"}, {"end": "00:53:01", "start": "00:52:57", "text": "Xanadu, for example, is the world leader"}, {"end": "00:53:02", "start": "00:52:59", "text": "in photonic quantum computing and"}, {"end": "00:53:04", "start": "00:53:01", "text": "they're based in Canada. But you know,"}, {"end": "00:53:05", "start": "00:53:02", "text": "if they actually solve this problem,"}, {"end": "00:53:07", "start": "00:53:04", "text": "they're probably going to end up as an"}, {"end": "00:53:08", "start": "00:53:05", "text": "American company. Somebody's going to"}, {"end": "00:53:10", "start": "00:53:07", "text": "give them an offer they uh they can't"}, {"end": "00:53:12", "start": "00:53:08", "text": "refuse. Um, you know, the other thing is"}, {"end": "00:53:15", "start": "00:53:10", "text": "that all the technologies that go into"}, {"end": "00:53:18", "start": "00:53:12", "text": "quantum computing, they are uh they're"}, {"end": "00:53:20", "start": "00:53:15", "text": "mostly areas where America excels. We're"}, {"end": "00:53:22", "start": "00:53:18", "text": "like super good at the science stuff,"}, {"end": "00:53:24", "start": "00:53:20", "text": "cooling things and super good at the"}, {"end": "00:53:27", "start": "00:53:22", "text": "very subtle environments that quantum"}, {"end": "00:53:29", "start": "00:53:24", "text": "computers require. So, we have a lead"}, {"end": "00:53:31", "start": "00:53:27", "text": "and it's a very strong lead, but by no"}, {"end": "00:53:33", "start": "00:53:29", "text": "means is China sitting back and by no"}, {"end": "00:53:34", "start": "00:53:31", "text": "means are the Europeans sitting back."}, {"end": "00:53:37", "start": "00:53:33", "text": "You know, everybody's chasing this in"}, {"end": "00:53:40", "start": "00:53:34", "text": "their own way. And a lead means you have"}, {"end": "00:53:41", "start": "00:53:37", "text": "maybe 6 months to two years. But look at"}, {"end": "00:53:43", "start": "00:53:40", "text": "the iPhone. It comes out, it's magical"}, {"end": "00:53:46", "start": "00:53:41", "text": "and amazing. But does it really feel"}, {"end": "00:53:47", "start": "00:53:43", "text": "magical and amazing anymore? Especially"}, {"end": "00:53:50", "start": "00:53:46", "text": "when you compare it to all the other"}, {"end": "00:53:52", "start": "00:53:47", "text": "competitors are there. It's unbelievable"}, {"end": "00:53:53", "start": "00:53:50", "text": "how fast that that happened. And you"}, {"end": "00:53:56", "start": "00:53:52", "text": "know, this is something where the payoff"}, {"end": "00:53:58", "start": "00:53:53", "text": "is exponentially higher."}, {"end": "00:54:00", "start": "00:53:56", "text": "Well,"}, {"end": "00:54:01", "start": "00:53:58", "text": "makes me makes me a little more"}, {"end": "00:54:03", "start": "00:54:00", "text": "comfortable knowing that we're in the"}, {"end": "00:54:07", "start": "00:54:01", "text": "lead. We don't get a lot of good news"}, {"end": "00:54:08", "start": "00:54:03", "text": "here, but um I love America. You know,"}, {"end": "00:54:12", "start": "00:54:07", "text": "our national slogan is we know we're"}, {"end": "00:54:14", "start": "00:54:08", "text": "working on it,"}, {"end": "00:54:16", "start": "00:54:12", "text": "but uh let's so let's get into your"}, {"end": "00:54:19", "start": "00:54:14", "text": "personal story here. Where did you grow"}, {"end": "00:54:21", "start": "00:54:16", "text": "up? I grew up in Hawaii of all places."}, {"end": "00:54:24", "start": "00:54:19", "text": "Like it's an odd place to be. So my dad"}, {"end": "00:54:25", "start": "00:54:21", "text": "grew up Montana and my mom grew up in"}, {"end": "00:54:29", "start": "00:54:24", "text": "Florida. She was in Winter Haven and my"}, {"end": "00:54:32", "start": "00:54:25", "text": "dad was out mile city uh and big timber."}, {"end": "00:54:35", "start": "00:54:29", "text": "And my dad's father, my grandfather, uh"}, {"end": "00:54:37", "start": "00:54:32", "text": "he was he became a doctor and and uh he"}, {"end": "00:54:39", "start": "00:54:35", "text": "was kind of an outdoor guy and he just"}, {"end": "00:54:41", "start": "00:54:37", "text": "loved the outdoors, but he hated the"}, {"end": "00:54:43", "start": "00:54:39", "text": "cold. And so when he was in residency,"}, {"end": "00:54:45", "start": "00:54:41", "text": "they said, \"Hey, would you like to do a"}, {"end": "00:54:46", "start": "00:54:43", "text": "residency down in Panama?\" And so he's,"}, {"end": "00:54:48", "start": "00:54:45", "text": "\"Oh, that sounds a lot of fun.\" So he"}, {"end": "00:54:51", "start": "00:54:46", "text": "went down for a few years to the Panama"}, {"end": "00:54:53", "start": "00:54:48", "text": "Canal Zone and did OBGYn residency down"}, {"end": "00:54:55", "start": "00:54:51", "text": "there and delivered tons of kids, but he"}, {"end": "00:54:56", "start": "00:54:53", "text": "got addicted to the tropical living. And"}, {"end": "00:54:58", "start": "00:54:55", "text": "so when he went back to Montana, he's"}, {"end": "00:55:01", "start": "00:54:56", "text": "like, \"God, this cold thing sucks. I I I"}, {"end": "00:55:02", "start": "00:54:58", "text": "I don't want to do this anymore. So, he"}, {"end": "00:55:04", "start": "00:55:01", "text": "said, \"You know what I'm going to do is"}, {"end": "00:55:05", "start": "00:55:02", "text": "I'm going to buy a practice in Hawaii."}, {"end": "00:55:07", "start": "00:55:04", "text": "That's that's what I'm going to do.\" So,"}, {"end": "00:55:09", "start": "00:55:05", "text": "in the ' 70s, a practice came up for"}, {"end": "00:55:11", "start": "00:55:07", "text": "sale and he he picked it up, moved to"}, {"end": "00:55:14", "start": "00:55:09", "text": "Maui, and uh my dad ended up going to"}, {"end": "00:55:16", "start": "00:55:11", "text": "high school in uh in Maui and uh we have"}, {"end": "00:55:18", "start": "00:55:14", "text": "very strong roots then in Hawaii. So, my"}, {"end": "00:55:21", "start": "00:55:16", "text": "father uh then went to college in"}, {"end": "00:55:23", "start": "00:55:18", "text": "Montana and then went back to Hawaii for"}, {"end": "00:55:25", "start": "00:55:21", "text": "medical school at University of Hawaii."}, {"end": "00:55:28", "start": "00:55:23", "text": "So, when he went to residency, he was in"}, {"end": "00:55:29", "start": "00:55:25", "text": "residency in Colorado and uh St. Joe's"}, {"end": "00:55:33", "start": "00:55:28", "text": "and that's where he met my mom. She was"}, {"end": "00:55:35", "start": "00:55:29", "text": "a respiratory therapist. So he uh when"}, {"end": "00:55:37", "start": "00:55:33", "text": "he finished residency decided to go"}, {"end": "00:55:39", "start": "00:55:35", "text": "start a private practice in Hawaii. So"}, {"end": "00:55:42", "start": "00:55:37", "text": "my brother was born in Colorado but then"}, {"end": "00:55:44", "start": "00:55:39", "text": "I ended up being born in uh in Maui. My"}, {"end": "00:55:47", "start": "00:55:42", "text": "grandfather ironically delivered me. So"}, {"end": "00:55:50", "start": "00:55:44", "text": "you know I know awkward red fellows but"}, {"end": "00:55:52", "start": "00:55:47", "text": "um Wow. But uh but anyway uh yeah, I"}, {"end": "00:55:54", "start": "00:55:50", "text": "grew up there until I was about eight"}, {"end": "00:55:57", "start": "00:55:52", "text": "years old. And then uh and my mother got"}, {"end": "00:55:58", "start": "00:55:54", "text": "tired of living in uh Hawaii. And she"}, {"end": "00:56:00", "start": "00:55:57", "text": "told my dad, \"I'm going to move back to"}, {"end": "00:56:02", "start": "00:55:58", "text": "Colorado and you can you can stay in"}, {"end": "00:56:03", "start": "00:56:00", "text": "Hawaii and be a single doctor or you can"}, {"end": "00:56:05", "start": "00:56:02", "text": "move to Colorado and be a married"}, {"end": "00:56:06", "start": "00:56:03", "text": "doctor. So, you know, take your choice.\""}, {"end": "00:56:09", "start": "00:56:05", "text": "My dad said, \"I like being married.\" So,"}, {"end": "00:56:11", "start": "00:56:06", "text": "I said, \"Go move to Colorado.\" And my"}, {"end": "00:56:13", "start": "00:56:09", "text": "mom's whole family is in Colorado. They"}, {"end": "00:56:15", "start": "00:56:11", "text": "uh my mother's father was in the cable"}, {"end": "00:56:17", "start": "00:56:13", "text": "business and he kind of followed the"}, {"end": "00:56:19", "start": "00:56:15", "text": "evolution of the cable business from the"}, {"end": "00:56:21", "start": "00:56:17", "text": "' 50s. He was a Marine and fought in the"}, {"end": "00:56:23", "start": "00:56:19", "text": "Korean War. So he signed up in 48 and"}, {"end": "00:56:25", "start": "00:56:21", "text": "got out in 52. And when he got out, he"}, {"end": "00:56:27", "start": "00:56:23", "text": "got a job as a lineman. And right around"}, {"end": "00:56:29", "start": "00:56:25", "text": "that time period, the cable business was"}, {"end": "00:56:31", "start": "00:56:27", "text": "getting started. So he just kept going"}, {"end": "00:56:33", "start": "00:56:29", "text": "from place to place as they were laying"}, {"end": "00:56:35", "start": "00:56:31", "text": "cable. And the Colorado became kind of"}, {"end": "00:56:38", "start": "00:56:33", "text": "like the nexus that linked the United"}, {"end": "00:56:40", "start": "00:56:35", "text": "States together. So uh in the 70s all"}, {"end": "00:56:41", "start": "00:56:38", "text": "the cable guys started coming out this"}, {"end": "00:56:44", "start": "00:56:40", "text": "way. And so my grandfather lived in"}, {"end": "00:56:46", "start": "00:56:41", "text": "Denver. So my motherh grew up in all"}, {"end": "00:56:47", "start": "00:56:44", "text": "those different places but then kind of"}, {"end": "00:56:50", "start": "00:56:46", "text": "settled in Colorado and that's where she"}, {"end": "00:56:52", "start": "00:56:47", "text": "met my dad. So anyway they uh they moved"}, {"end": "00:56:54", "start": "00:56:50", "text": "out to Hawaii and you know and then I"}, {"end": "00:56:56", "start": "00:56:52", "text": "moved back from Hawaii to Colorado and"}, {"end": "00:56:58", "start": "00:56:54", "text": "then I grew up in Colorado and then I"}, {"end": "00:57:00", "start": "00:56:56", "text": "became kind of a nomad and travel the"}, {"end": "00:57:02", "start": "00:56:58", "text": "world. What kind of uh what kind of"}, {"end": "00:57:04", "start": "00:57:00", "text": "stuff were into as a kid? What you like"}, {"end": "00:57:06", "start": "00:57:02", "text": "doing? Well, I was really isolated as a"}, {"end": "00:57:09", "start": "00:57:04", "text": "kid. You know, the problem with Hawaii"}, {"end": "00:57:11", "start": "00:57:06", "text": "is that um especially at the time and"}, {"end": "00:57:15", "start": "00:57:09", "text": "place I grew up in Hawaii, it's not easy"}, {"end": "00:57:17", "start": "00:57:11", "text": "to be a non-tourist white guy in Hawaii."}, {"end": "00:57:19", "start": "00:57:15", "text": "You know, they call you Howley's and you"}, {"end": "00:57:20", "start": "00:57:17", "text": "know, and there's and and so my parents"}, {"end": "00:57:22", "start": "00:57:19", "text": "didn't want me to attend public"}, {"end": "00:57:24", "start": "00:57:20", "text": "education. So, I ended up being"}, {"end": "00:57:25", "start": "00:57:22", "text": "homeschooled, which was like a"}, {"end": "00:57:27", "start": "00:57:24", "text": "double-edged sword. It was great because"}, {"end": "00:57:29", "start": "00:57:25", "text": "I could graduate high school much faster"}, {"end": "00:57:31", "start": "00:57:27", "text": "and you mean I could I was a voracious"}, {"end": "00:57:33", "start": "00:57:29", "text": "reader and I love knowledge and these"}, {"end": "00:57:35", "start": "00:57:31", "text": "things but also it meant I was a little"}, {"end": "00:57:37", "start": "00:57:33", "text": "like halfbaked on the socialization side"}, {"end": "00:57:39", "start": "00:57:35", "text": "you know it's just just my brother and I"}, {"end": "00:57:42", "start": "00:57:37", "text": "and that's it and so we didn't really"}, {"end": "00:57:44", "start": "00:57:39", "text": "socialize with very many people but what"}, {"end": "00:57:46", "start": "00:57:42", "text": "was nice is then instead of doing the"}, {"end": "00:57:47", "start": "00:57:44", "text": "school stuff where you you'd go through"}, {"end": "00:57:49", "start": "00:57:46", "text": "like traditional K through2 we did the"}, {"end": "00:57:51", "start": "00:57:47", "text": "nature stuff so an enormous amount of my"}, {"end": "00:57:53", "start": "00:57:49", "text": "time was going to the beach and going to"}, {"end": "00:57:55", "start": "00:57:51", "text": "the jungles and Yao Valley and all these"}, {"end": "00:57:58", "start": "00:57:53", "text": "other places on Maui and seeing the sea"}, {"end": "00:58:01", "start": "00:57:55", "text": "life and so forth and it developed a a"}, {"end": "00:58:03", "start": "00:57:58", "text": "strong love of the natural world and you"}, {"end": "00:58:05", "start": "00:58:01", "text": "know that's why a plant company now"}, {"end": "00:58:07", "start": "00:58:03", "text": "right you know it's like or or a ranch"}, {"end": "00:58:08", "start": "00:58:05", "text": "you know I loved animals and I I love"}, {"end": "00:58:10", "start": "00:58:07", "text": "plants and I and I love that whole"}, {"end": "00:58:14", "start": "00:58:08", "text": "experience of seeing things you know the"}, {"end": "00:58:15", "start": "00:58:10", "text": "other thing is it gave me a slightly"}, {"end": "00:58:17", "start": "00:58:14", "text": "different age demographic you know"}, {"end": "00:58:19", "start": "00:58:15", "text": "because I didn't get exposed to the K"}, {"end": "00:58:22", "start": "00:58:17", "text": "through2 stuff I kind of skipped the"}, {"end": "00:58:24", "start": "00:58:19", "text": "late 80s and 90s and I inherited my mom"}, {"end": "00:58:26", "start": "00:58:22", "text": "and dad's generation"}, {"end": "00:58:29", "start": "00:58:24", "text": "So they're early ' 80s, the '7s and the"}, {"end": "00:58:31", "start": "00:58:26", "text": "late60s. And so I listened to Boston and"}, {"end": "00:58:32", "start": "00:58:29", "text": "I listened to Jouri and you know I"}, {"end": "00:58:36", "start": "00:58:31", "text": "listened to all these things like Brett"}, {"end": "00:58:39", "start": "00:58:32", "text": "and you know what was his name? Um did"}, {"end": "00:58:42", "start": "00:58:36", "text": "Operator and uh Time in a Bottle, Jim"}, {"end": "00:58:43", "start": "00:58:39", "text": "Cro, you know all all these guys and all"}, {"end": "00:58:45", "start": "00:58:42", "text": "the television was from that time too,"}, {"end": "00:58:47", "start": "00:58:43", "text": "you know. So I watch Lost in Space and"}, {"end": "00:58:49", "start": "00:58:45", "text": "you know I watch Gunsmoke and all these"}, {"end": "00:58:51", "start": "00:58:47", "text": "shows and so I'm always like one"}, {"end": "00:58:53", "start": "00:58:49", "text": "generation behind actually my cohort."}, {"end": "00:58:54", "start": "00:58:51", "text": "So, you know, I it's easier in some"}, {"end": "00:58:57", "start": "00:58:53", "text": "cases for me to talk to people in their"}, {"end": "00:58:58", "start": "00:58:54", "text": "40s and 50s than it is to talk to people"}, {"end": "00:59:01", "start": "00:58:57", "text": "in their early 30s and 20s cuz I have"}, {"end": "00:59:03", "start": "00:58:58", "text": "that cultural frame of reference, which"}, {"end": "00:59:05", "start": "00:59:01", "text": "is quite strange. Um, the other nice"}, {"end": "00:59:07", "start": "00:59:03", "text": "thing about Hawaii is it's like frozen"}, {"end": "00:59:10", "start": "00:59:05", "text": "in time. You know, outside of the fire"}, {"end": "00:59:12", "start": "00:59:07", "text": "in Lahina, you know, nothing changes at"}, {"end": "00:59:14", "start": "00:59:10", "text": "all ever. So, you go there and it's like"}, {"end": "00:59:16", "start": "00:59:12", "text": "the same store that I went to when I was"}, {"end": "00:59:17", "start": "00:59:14", "text": "8 years old is still there. And it's"}, {"end": "00:59:19", "start": "00:59:16", "text": "probably the same guy working at the"}, {"end": "00:59:20", "start": "00:59:17", "text": "same store. It's just a lot fatter and"}, {"end": "00:59:22", "start": "00:59:19", "text": "older. He's got the man boobs now and"}, {"end": "00:59:24", "start": "00:59:20", "text": "the comb over, but he's still going to"}, {"end": "00:59:26", "start": "00:59:22", "text": "the beach like three times a week,"}, {"end": "00:59:29", "start": "00:59:24", "text": "right? And you talk to this guy and you"}, {"end": "00:59:30", "start": "00:59:26", "text": "say like, \"God, like, do you have any"}, {"end": "00:59:33", "start": "00:59:29", "text": "ambition in life? You know, do you want"}, {"end": "00:59:36", "start": "00:59:30", "text": "to do more?\" No, no, no."}, {"end": "00:59:37", "start": "00:59:33", "text": "I am content, you know? And that's the"}, {"end": "00:59:39", "start": "00:59:36", "text": "problem with Island Fever. That's why my"}, {"end": "00:59:41", "start": "00:59:37", "text": "mom got tired of it. She's like, you"}, {"end": "00:59:44", "start": "00:59:39", "text": "know, it's it's like it's it's it's a"}, {"end": "00:59:46", "start": "00:59:41", "text": "paradise for a year. You get island"}, {"end": "00:59:47", "start": "00:59:44", "text": "fever within three years. If you have"}, {"end": "00:59:49", "start": "00:59:46", "text": "any ambition at all, there's no"}, {"end": "00:59:52", "start": "00:59:47", "text": "progress. There's no growth. you're just"}, {"end": "00:59:55", "start": "00:59:49", "text": "static. You you stay stuck in time. Um"}, {"end": "00:59:57", "start": "00:59:52", "text": "and uh then the tourism thing too is"}, {"end": "00:59:59", "start": "00:59:55", "text": "like you live in a place where the"}, {"end": "01:00:01", "start": "00:59:57", "text": "population literally doubles or triples"}, {"end": "01:00:04", "start": "00:59:59", "text": "every year. And so you go boom bust boom"}, {"end": "01:00:05", "start": "01:00:01", "text": "bust. So during tourist season, traffic"}, {"end": "01:00:07", "start": "01:00:04", "text": "jams everywhere, all these tourists"}, {"end": "01:00:09", "start": "01:00:05", "text": "running around causing chicannery and"}, {"end": "01:00:12", "start": "01:00:07", "text": "havoc. And then offseason like"}, {"end": "01:00:14", "start": "01:00:09", "text": "everything's nice. So that gets old"}, {"end": "01:00:17", "start": "01:00:12", "text": "after a while, you know, and and uh and"}, {"end": "01:00:19", "start": "01:00:14", "text": "tough after a while. So uh you know, I"}, {"end": "01:00:21", "start": "01:00:17", "text": "didn't want to leave. I was 8 years old."}, {"end": "01:00:23", "start": "01:00:19", "text": "I liked Hawaii. I walk around with like"}, {"end": "01:00:25", "start": "01:00:21", "text": "no shoes on or the flip-flops and these"}, {"end": "01:00:28", "start": "01:00:23", "text": "things. Had the long blonde hair that"}, {"end": "01:00:30", "start": "01:00:25", "text": "turned black over time. Uh it was great."}, {"end": "01:00:32", "start": "01:00:28", "text": "But then as I got older, I realized it"}, {"end": "01:00:34", "start": "01:00:30", "text": "was a really good decision to kind of go"}, {"end": "01:00:36", "start": "01:00:32", "text": "to Colorado. What do you mean you"}, {"end": "01:00:38", "start": "01:00:34", "text": "started traveling the world? Well, you"}, {"end": "01:00:40", "start": "01:00:36", "text": "know, after so, you know, kind of"}, {"end": "01:00:42", "start": "01:00:38", "text": "following into Colorado, um you know, I"}, {"end": "01:00:45", "start": "01:00:40", "text": "was homeschooled. I graduated from high"}, {"end": "01:00:47", "start": "01:00:42", "text": "school at 15. And uh then I started at a"}, {"end": "01:00:49", "start": "01:00:45", "text": "community college cuz I my parents said"}, {"end": "01:00:50", "start": "01:00:47", "text": "it's probably too much to go to a 4-year"}, {"end": "01:00:52", "start": "01:00:49", "text": "university like you never went to high"}, {"end": "01:00:54", "start": "01:00:50", "text": "school. You're all homeschooled your"}, {"end": "01:00:56", "start": "01:00:52", "text": "whole life. So I did Front Range and uh"}, {"end": "01:00:58", "start": "01:00:54", "text": "that was kind of my high school. So you"}, {"end": "01:01:01", "start": "01:00:56", "text": "know between 15 to 18 I was there and I"}, {"end": "01:01:03", "start": "01:00:58", "text": "graduated. Uh so I was like 18 with a"}, {"end": "01:01:05", "start": "01:01:01", "text": "college degree which was cool and I"}, {"end": "01:01:06", "start": "01:01:03", "text": "transferred then to metro uh pollen"}, {"end": "01:01:08", "start": "01:01:05", "text": "state and then I transferred to SU"}, {"end": "01:01:09", "start": "01:01:06", "text": "Boulder and originally I want to be a"}, {"end": "01:01:12", "start": "01:01:08", "text": "doctor you know because my dad's a"}, {"end": "01:01:13", "start": "01:01:09", "text": "doctor my brother ended up as a doctor"}, {"end": "01:01:15", "start": "01:01:12", "text": "my grandfather was a doctor my uncle's a"}, {"end": "01:01:17", "start": "01:01:13", "text": "doctor there's a lot of doctors in the"}, {"end": "01:01:19", "start": "01:01:15", "text": "family I going to be a surgeon this is"}, {"end": "01:01:21", "start": "01:01:17", "text": "going to be great and I was very"}, {"end": "01:01:23", "start": "01:01:19", "text": "precocious and arrogant as hell and I"}, {"end": "01:01:24", "start": "01:01:21", "text": "thought I knew everything and I was the"}, {"end": "01:01:26", "start": "01:01:23", "text": "center of the universe and all these"}, {"end": "01:01:27", "start": "01:01:24", "text": "things God helped me and the problem is"}, {"end": "01:01:29", "start": "01:01:26", "text": "I was pretty charismatic and pretty"}, {"end": "01:01:31", "start": "01:01:27", "text": "smart so I could get away with it you"}, {"end": "01:01:33", "start": "01:01:29", "text": "you know, for these things. So, um, I"}, {"end": "01:01:35", "start": "01:01:31", "text": "did the medicine thing for a little"}, {"end": "01:01:37", "start": "01:01:33", "text": "while and, you know, took EMT training"}, {"end": "01:01:39", "start": "01:01:35", "text": "and became a certified pharmacy tech and"}, {"end": "01:01:40", "start": "01:01:37", "text": "took all the biology and all the"}, {"end": "01:01:43", "start": "01:01:39", "text": "chemistry classes you're supposed to do"}, {"end": "01:01:44", "start": "01:01:40", "text": "and it was never a challenge. But then I"}, {"end": "01:01:46", "start": "01:01:43", "text": "started learning the dark side of"}, {"end": "01:01:48", "start": "01:01:44", "text": "medicine as I as I kind of went through"}, {"end": "01:01:50", "start": "01:01:46", "text": "that. So, you have this like view of"}, {"end": "01:01:52", "start": "01:01:48", "text": "medicine from ER and house or, you know,"}, {"end": "01:01:54", "start": "01:01:50", "text": "from watching my dad practice where"}, {"end": "01:01:56", "start": "01:01:52", "text": "you're like you help people, you take"}, {"end": "01:01:58", "start": "01:01:54", "text": "care of people. But if you talk to any"}, {"end": "01:02:00", "start": "01:01:56", "text": "doctor, the vast majority of their time"}, {"end": "01:02:02", "start": "01:01:58", "text": "is not helping people and curing people"}, {"end": "01:02:05", "start": "01:02:00", "text": "and solving diseases or things. It's"}, {"end": "01:02:08", "start": "01:02:02", "text": "either managing chronic ailments or"}, {"end": "01:02:10", "start": "01:02:05", "text": "paperwork, you know, and it's gotten so"}, {"end": "01:02:12", "start": "01:02:08", "text": "bad in primary care, you might see 20 to"}, {"end": "01:02:14", "start": "01:02:10", "text": "30 patients per day and have less than"}, {"end": "01:02:16", "start": "01:02:12", "text": "15 minutes of actual time with each"}, {"end": "01:02:18", "start": "01:02:14", "text": "person. And then after you see the"}, {"end": "01:02:20", "start": "01:02:16", "text": "person, lots of paperwork and the IC day"}, {"end": "01:02:22", "start": "01:02:18", "text": "10 coding, right? You have to put all"}, {"end": "01:02:23", "start": "01:02:20", "text": "your codes in and they got to build and"}, {"end": "01:02:25", "start": "01:02:22", "text": "they got to chase your RVUs and all this"}, {"end": "01:02:26", "start": "01:02:23", "text": "other stuff. So as I started"}, {"end": "01:02:28", "start": "01:02:25", "text": "volunteering hospital to actually"}, {"end": "01:02:29", "start": "01:02:26", "text": "working in that infrastructure and"}, {"end": "01:02:31", "start": "01:02:28", "text": "talking to physicians they every"}, {"end": "01:02:33", "start": "01:02:29", "text": "physician that I met said you're too"}, {"end": "01:02:34", "start": "01:02:31", "text": "smart for medicine don't go into it"}, {"end": "01:02:37", "start": "01:02:33", "text": "don't go into it you know it's they were"}, {"end": "01:02:38", "start": "01:02:34", "text": "burnt out and they said and it's a bad"}, {"end": "01:02:40", "start": "01:02:37", "text": "thing when the people who are good at"}, {"end": "01:02:43", "start": "01:02:38", "text": "the field are telling you don't go into"}, {"end": "01:02:44", "start": "01:02:40", "text": "the field you know it's not not your way"}, {"end": "01:02:47", "start": "01:02:43", "text": "so the other thing I was really good at"}, {"end": "01:02:50", "start": "01:02:44", "text": "was mathematics and uh and I really"}, {"end": "01:02:53", "start": "01:02:47", "text": "loved mathematics you know math is it's"}, {"end": "01:02:55", "start": "01:02:50", "text": "an infinite well no matter how brilliant"}, {"end": "01:02:57", "start": "01:02:53", "text": "you are you reach a stopping point that"}, {"end": "01:03:00", "start": "01:02:55", "text": "you can't go any deeper but yet the"}, {"end": "01:03:01", "start": "01:02:57", "text": "ocean is deeper. So I loved that about"}, {"end": "01:03:03", "start": "01:03:00", "text": "the field. It was like a personal"}, {"end": "01:03:05", "start": "01:03:01", "text": "challenge like I solve something and"}, {"end": "01:03:06", "start": "01:03:03", "text": "then I get the next thing and I solve"}, {"end": "01:03:08", "start": "01:03:05", "text": "that thing and then I get to the next"}, {"end": "01:03:09", "start": "01:03:06", "text": "thing and even math itself is like"}, {"end": "01:03:11", "start": "01:03:08", "text": "unsolvable. There's like these these"}, {"end": "01:03:12", "start": "01:03:09", "text": "boundaries like girdles incompleteness"}, {"end": "01:03:14", "start": "01:03:11", "text": "theorem or other things that they say"}, {"end": "01:03:16", "start": "01:03:12", "text": "like you can't win. The game is"}, {"end": "01:03:18", "start": "01:03:14", "text": "unwinable. So I love studying"}, {"end": "01:03:19", "start": "01:03:16", "text": "mathematics and you know I got quite"}, {"end": "01:03:21", "start": "01:03:18", "text": "good at it and that's actually why I"}, {"end": "01:03:23", "start": "01:03:19", "text": "transferred from Metro to C Boulder"}, {"end": "01:03:26", "start": "01:03:21", "text": "because they had this nice combined"}, {"end": "01:03:27", "start": "01:03:23", "text": "mast's undergraduate program so you"}, {"end": "01:03:28", "start": "01:03:26", "text": "could take graduate classes and"}, {"end": "01:03:30", "start": "01:03:27", "text": "undergraduate classes and I just took a"}, {"end": "01:03:32", "start": "01:03:28", "text": "ton of math classes and I went through"}, {"end": "01:03:35", "start": "01:03:30", "text": "and it's a research university so I"}, {"end": "01:03:36", "start": "01:03:32", "text": "interact with like true mathematicians"}, {"end": "01:03:39", "start": "01:03:35", "text": "and then what I discovered was like it"}, {"end": "01:03:41", "start": "01:03:36", "text": "was such a dreary field to actually be a"}, {"end": "01:03:43", "start": "01:03:39", "text": "professional in because while it was"}, {"end": "01:03:46", "start": "01:03:41", "text": "super intellectually interesting to get"}, {"end": "01:03:48", "start": "01:03:43", "text": "tenure and to actually climb that chain."}, {"end": "01:03:50", "start": "01:03:46", "text": "You had to do a ton of really boring"}, {"end": "01:03:52", "start": "01:03:48", "text": "stuff and highly political stuff and"}, {"end": "01:03:53", "start": "01:03:50", "text": "then in your 40s or 50s you get to the"}, {"end": "01:03:55", "start": "01:03:52", "text": "other side and then you just do whatever"}, {"end": "01:03:57", "start": "01:03:53", "text": "the [\u00a0__\u00a0] you want to do. But then you"}, {"end": "01:03:59", "start": "01:03:55", "text": "make no money. No one cares about what"}, {"end": "01:04:02", "start": "01:03:57", "text": "you do. No one understands what you do"}, {"end": "01:04:03", "start": "01:03:59", "text": "and you end up becoming like turbo"}, {"end": "01:04:06", "start": "01:04:02", "text": "autistic. You're just in your office"}, {"end": "01:04:07", "start": "01:04:03", "text": "looking at a you know at at a at a at a"}, {"end": "01:04:09", "start": "01:04:06", "text": "whiteboard. It's like why doesn't this"}, {"end": "01:04:11", "start": "01:04:07", "text": "work? And then you discover something"}, {"end": "01:04:13", "start": "01:04:09", "text": "like ah man I just discovered this new"}, {"end": "01:04:16", "start": "01:04:11", "text": "thing about coortism. like oh okay"}, {"end": "01:04:19", "start": "01:04:13", "text": "that's cool so I got really lost in that"}, {"end": "01:04:20", "start": "01:04:16", "text": "but I was fortuitous that there were a"}, {"end": "01:04:21", "start": "01:04:19", "text": "lot of good cryptographers there and"}, {"end": "01:04:23", "start": "01:04:20", "text": "there were a lot of good computer"}, {"end": "01:04:25", "start": "01:04:21", "text": "scientists there so as I was studying"}, {"end": "01:04:28", "start": "01:04:23", "text": "math I was also inadvertently learning"}, {"end": "01:04:30", "start": "01:04:25", "text": "all these really cool things about uh"}, {"end": "01:04:32", "start": "01:04:28", "text": "all the underpinnings which became"}, {"end": "01:04:34", "start": "01:04:30", "text": "cryptocurrencies like if you're a"}, {"end": "01:04:35", "start": "01:04:32", "text": "mathematician you study cryptography"}, {"end": "01:04:37", "start": "01:04:34", "text": "it's quite easy then to understand like"}, {"end": "01:04:39", "start": "01:04:35", "text": "how does a cryptocurrency work under the"}, {"end": "01:04:41", "start": "01:04:37", "text": "hood you know how a public key system"}, {"end": "01:04:43", "start": "01:04:39", "text": "works it's like oh it's RSA or it's oil"}, {"end": "01:04:44", "start": "01:04:41", "text": "or quotient and this thing. Oh, okay. I"}, {"end": "01:04:46", "start": "01:04:43", "text": "get that. Or the discrete logarithm"}, {"end": "01:04:47", "start": "01:04:44", "text": "problem. Oh, yeah. I understand that. I"}, {"end": "01:04:50", "start": "01:04:46", "text": "understand how that works. That's great."}, {"end": "01:04:52", "start": "01:04:47", "text": "You can read the papers. And and so"}, {"end": "01:04:54", "start": "01:04:50", "text": "coming from that side, it it was uh I"}, {"end": "01:04:56", "start": "01:04:52", "text": "didn't know at the time, but it was one"}, {"end": "01:04:58", "start": "01:04:54", "text": "of the most valuable things for me. But"}, {"end": "01:05:00", "start": "01:04:56", "text": "I just got so tired of it. I said, I'm"}, {"end": "01:05:04", "start": "01:04:58", "text": "wasting time and I don't really have a"}, {"end": "01:05:06", "start": "01:05:00", "text": "path to a career. So, uh I dropped out."}, {"end": "01:05:08", "start": "01:05:04", "text": "And then I took some time off to just"}, {"end": "01:05:10", "start": "01:05:06", "text": "kind of go and travel and meet people"}, {"end": "01:05:12", "start": "01:05:08", "text": "and, uh see the world a little bit. And"}, {"end": "01:05:14", "start": "01:05:10", "text": "I did that and that was fun, you know,"}, {"end": "01:05:15", "start": "01:05:12", "text": "and uh and I got to see a lot of"}, {"end": "01:05:17", "start": "01:05:14", "text": "different things and I also did some"}, {"end": "01:05:18", "start": "01:05:15", "text": "political stuff. I worked on the Ron"}, {"end": "01:05:20", "start": "01:05:17", "text": "Paul campaign. I saw that. Yeah, that"}, {"end": "01:05:21", "start": "01:05:18", "text": "was a lot of fun, you know. How old were"}, {"end": "01:05:24", "start": "01:05:20", "text": "you when you did that? Well, I was 21"}, {"end": "01:05:26", "start": "01:05:21", "text": "when the Ron Paul campaign uh was first"}, {"end": "01:05:28", "start": "01:05:24", "text": "and because he did twice. It was 2007"}, {"end": "01:05:29", "start": "01:05:26", "text": "and 2012 and then also there was the"}, {"end": "01:05:32", "start": "01:05:28", "text": "intermediate campaign which was Rand"}, {"end": "01:05:34", "start": "01:05:29", "text": "Paul in 2010. So everybody contributed"}, {"end": "01:05:35", "start": "01:05:32", "text": "their own way and again you just you"}, {"end": "01:05:37", "start": "01:05:34", "text": "don't know at the time that you're going"}, {"end": "01:05:38", "start": "01:05:35", "text": "to learn a skill and then that skill"}, {"end": "01:05:39", "start": "01:05:37", "text": "becomes valuable. But on the Ron Paul,"}, {"end": "01:05:42", "start": "01:05:38", "text": "we learned about like online"}, {"end": "01:05:43", "start": "01:05:39", "text": "fundraising. We kind of invented it. We"}, {"end": "01:05:46", "start": "01:05:42", "text": "had the money bombs. You know, Howard"}, {"end": "01:05:47", "start": "01:05:43", "text": "Dean was very successful in 2004 with"}, {"end": "01:05:49", "start": "01:05:46", "text": "online fundraising and Obama was pretty"}, {"end": "01:05:51", "start": "01:05:47", "text": "good, too. But on the Republican side,"}, {"end": "01:05:53", "start": "01:05:49", "text": "nobody had really cracked that nut. And"}, {"end": "01:05:55", "start": "01:05:51", "text": "we were the first to do that. And the"}, {"end": "01:05:57", "start": "01:05:53", "text": "whole Republican party is like, \"Oh my"}, {"end": "01:05:59", "start": "01:05:55", "text": "god, you just like do a money bomb and"}, {"end": "01:06:01", "start": "01:05:57", "text": "one day you get $5 million or $10"}, {"end": "01:06:03", "start": "01:05:59", "text": "million? Like, how how do you do this?\""}, {"end": "01:06:04", "start": "01:06:01", "text": "And you get calls from the national guys"}, {"end": "01:06:05", "start": "01:06:03", "text": "and they'd be like, \"Can you teach us"}, {"end": "01:06:07", "start": "01:06:04", "text": "your secrets?\" We're like, \"Yeah, okay."}, {"end": "01:06:09", "start": "01:06:05", "text": "Okay. It's real simple. um you have to"}, {"end": "01:06:11", "start": "01:06:07", "text": "vote the same way for 30 years. Yeah."}, {"end": "01:06:13", "start": "01:06:09", "text": "You have to have message discipline for"}, {"end": "01:06:18", "start": "01:06:11", "text": "30 years and uh you can't you have to"}, {"end": "01:06:20", "start": "01:06:13", "text": "have integrity. They're like ah yeah can"}, {"end": "01:06:22", "start": "01:06:18", "text": "they're like what's integrity? Yeah, I"}, {"end": "01:06:25", "start": "01:06:20", "text": "know. Like can can we like do it without"}, {"end": "01:06:26", "start": "01:06:22", "text": "those things? We're like no no it"}, {"end": "01:06:28", "start": "01:06:25", "text": "doesn't work that way. You know it's"}, {"end": "01:06:30", "start": "01:06:26", "text": "that's why you know people give money"}, {"end": "01:06:32", "start": "01:06:28", "text": "that that way. But um distributed"}, {"end": "01:06:34", "start": "01:06:30", "text": "fundraising is like the ICO in the"}, {"end": "01:06:35", "start": "01:06:32", "text": "cryptocurrency space. Now of course we"}, {"end": "01:06:37", "start": "01:06:34", "text": "didn't know that at the time. And we"}, {"end": "01:06:39", "start": "01:06:35", "text": "invented that later on in the industry."}, {"end": "01:06:40", "start": "01:06:37", "text": "But that was a great thing also that"}, {"end": "01:06:43", "start": "01:06:39", "text": "message discipline. People like rules of"}, {"end": "01:06:45", "start": "01:06:40", "text": "three. Like Ron Paul, he said, you know,"}, {"end": "01:06:46", "start": "01:06:43", "text": "three things and three things only like"}, {"end": "01:06:47", "start": "01:06:45", "text": "choose liberty. So the follow the"}, {"end": "01:06:49", "start": "01:06:46", "text": "constitution. If it's in the"}, {"end": "01:06:50", "start": "01:06:47", "text": "constitution, we follow it. If it's not"}, {"end": "01:06:53", "start": "01:06:49", "text": "in the constitution, we don't do it."}, {"end": "01:06:54", "start": "01:06:50", "text": "Pretty simple. Humble foreign policy."}, {"end": "01:06:55", "start": "01:06:53", "text": "He's like we just don't want to go to"}, {"end": "01:06:57", "start": "01:06:54", "text": "war with all these people. I remember in"}, {"end": "01:06:59", "start": "01:06:55", "text": "2007 he told us we were going to lose in"}, {"end": "01:07:01", "start": "01:06:57", "text": "Afghanistan. He said the Afghanistan's"}, {"end": "01:07:03", "start": "01:06:59", "text": "going to go back to the Taliban. He told"}, {"end": "01:07:04", "start": "01:07:01", "text": "us that. He said it in his speeches."}, {"end": "01:07:06", "start": "01:07:03", "text": "He'd say it privately. He'd say like,"}, {"end": "01:07:09", "start": "01:07:04", "text": "you know, it's it's going to be it's"}, {"end": "01:07:11", "start": "01:07:06", "text": "just like Vietnam. You know, he was"}, {"end": "01:07:13", "start": "01:07:09", "text": "right. And then uh he said, \"Sound"}, {"end": "01:07:16", "start": "01:07:11", "text": "money.\" You know, if you don't have good"}, {"end": "01:07:18", "start": "01:07:13", "text": "money, you don't have liberty because"}, {"end": "01:07:21", "start": "01:07:16", "text": "all the things you do, all the things"}, {"end": "01:07:23", "start": "01:07:18", "text": "you're promised disappear. Imagine"}, {"end": "01:07:25", "start": "01:07:21", "text": "working hard your whole life, 40 years,"}, {"end": "01:07:27", "start": "01:07:23", "text": "you save up, you have a good retirement"}, {"end": "01:07:29", "start": "01:07:25", "text": "ready to go, and then inflation eats"}, {"end": "01:07:32", "start": "01:07:27", "text": "away at all that stuff. And within 10,"}, {"end": "01:07:33", "start": "01:07:29", "text": "15 years, all your savings are gone. You"}, {"end": "01:07:35", "start": "01:07:32", "text": "have no choice but to become a socialist"}, {"end": "01:07:37", "start": "01:07:33", "text": "and become a ward to the state because"}, {"end": "01:07:38", "start": "01:07:35", "text": "your money's gone now. They destroyed"}, {"end": "01:07:39", "start": "01:07:37", "text": "the quality of the money. So you have to"}, {"end": "01:07:41", "start": "01:07:38", "text": "go to the government say please give me"}, {"end": "01:07:43", "start": "01:07:39", "text": "some bread because you're like 70. You"}, {"end": "01:07:44", "start": "01:07:41", "text": "can't work. You you don't have the"}, {"end": "01:07:47", "start": "01:07:43", "text": "training or the economic output or"}, {"end": "01:07:49", "start": "01:07:44", "text": "anything like that. So you have bad"}, {"end": "01:07:50", "start": "01:07:47", "text": "money you have socialism. You have bad"}, {"end": "01:07:53", "start": "01:07:49", "text": "money. You have a destroyed society. You"}, {"end": "01:07:55", "start": "01:07:50", "text": "have sound money. You have agency. You"}, {"end": "01:07:56", "start": "01:07:53", "text": "have control over your life. These types"}, {"end": "01:07:58", "start": "01:07:55", "text": "of things. And the other cool thing is"}, {"end": "01:08:00", "start": "01:07:56", "text": "that it exposed me to all these"}, {"end": "01:08:02", "start": "01:07:58", "text": "economics that I took economics macro"}, {"end": "01:08:04", "start": "01:08:00", "text": "and microeconomics. I think Paul Krugman"}, {"end": "01:08:07", "start": "01:08:02", "text": "for God's sakes wrote the book in"}, {"end": "01:08:09", "start": "01:08:04", "text": "macroeconomics that I took and and it"}, {"end": "01:08:10", "start": "01:08:07", "text": "was all like Kenzian [\u00a0__\u00a0] and so I"}, {"end": "01:08:12", "start": "01:08:09", "text": "thought well that's economics but then I"}, {"end": "01:08:14", "start": "01:08:10", "text": "joined the Ron Paul movement and they're"}, {"end": "01:08:16", "start": "01:08:12", "text": "like Ludwing von Misus in Austrian"}, {"end": "01:08:18", "start": "01:08:14", "text": "economics and all these things. Oh my"}, {"end": "01:08:20", "start": "01:08:16", "text": "god this is this is amazing. There's"}, {"end": "01:08:22", "start": "01:08:18", "text": "like a completely parallel economic"}, {"end": "01:08:24", "start": "01:08:20", "text": "school of thought that's totally"}, {"end": "01:08:26", "start": "01:08:22", "text": "different than what the mainstream has."}, {"end": "01:08:28", "start": "01:08:24", "text": "Like the Austrian economists were saying"}, {"end": "01:08:30", "start": "01:08:26", "text": "deflationary money is the money you"}, {"end": "01:08:32", "start": "01:08:28", "text": "want. When you do Kinsey economics,"}, {"end": "01:08:33", "start": "01:08:30", "text": "they're like it has to be inflationary."}, {"end": "01:08:35", "start": "01:08:32", "text": "If it's deflationary, you have the"}, {"end": "01:08:37", "start": "01:08:33", "text": "deflationary spiral. The whole economy"}, {"end": "01:08:38", "start": "01:08:35", "text": "will fall apart and die. Well, what's"}, {"end": "01:08:41", "start": "01:08:37", "text": "Bitcoin? It's a deflationary monetary"}, {"end": "01:08:42", "start": "01:08:38", "text": "policy. So all the classical trained"}, {"end": "01:08:44", "start": "01:08:41", "text": "economists when they looked at Bitcoin"}, {"end": "01:08:46", "start": "01:08:42", "text": "when it first came out, they said it's"}, {"end": "01:08:48", "start": "01:08:44", "text": "not possible for it to succeed. It'll"}, {"end": "01:08:50", "start": "01:08:46", "text": "die. there's going to be a deflationary"}, {"end": "01:08:52", "start": "01:08:48", "text": "spiral. There's no way for this to work."}, {"end": "01:08:53", "start": "01:08:50", "text": "But if you're an Austrian economist, you"}, {"end": "01:08:55", "start": "01:08:52", "text": "say, well, that's the natural way of"}, {"end": "01:08:58", "start": "01:08:53", "text": "money. So, this will organically get"}, {"end": "01:09:01", "start": "01:08:55", "text": "more valuable over time. So, you know,"}, {"end": "01:09:02", "start": "01:08:58", "text": "2007, Bitcoin wasn't even out and so I'm"}, {"end": "01:09:05", "start": "01:09:01", "text": "reading these books and these papers and"}, {"end": "01:09:06", "start": "01:09:02", "text": "everything and it was preparing me for"}, {"end": "01:09:09", "start": "01:09:05", "text": "that cryptocurrency career. You know, it"}, {"end": "01:09:10", "start": "01:09:06", "text": "was preparing me to kind of like when I"}, {"end": "01:09:12", "start": "01:09:09", "text": "read the white paper from Satoshi, it"}, {"end": "01:09:13", "start": "01:09:10", "text": "was like this makes sense. Yeah. Yeah."}, {"end": "01:09:15", "start": "01:09:12", "text": "Of course, this system's going to work."}, {"end": "01:09:16", "start": "01:09:13", "text": "It's like gravity. It's just going to"}, {"end": "01:09:18", "start": "01:09:15", "text": "happen."}, {"end": "01:09:21", "start": "01:09:16", "text": "You know, and the other thing was this"}, {"end": "01:09:22", "start": "01:09:18", "text": "this power of decentralized networking."}, {"end": "01:09:24", "start": "01:09:21", "text": "You know, the Rumple movement was like a"}, {"end": "01:09:26", "start": "01:09:22", "text": "terrorist cell, you know, they had"}, {"end": "01:09:27", "start": "01:09:24", "text": "people everywhere, you know, and and you"}, {"end": "01:09:29", "start": "01:09:26", "text": "didn't know where they're at and they're"}, {"end": "01:09:32", "start": "01:09:27", "text": "like a secret club. And, you know, they"}, {"end": "01:09:33", "start": "01:09:29", "text": "we were so adept at rapidly coming"}, {"end": "01:09:35", "start": "01:09:32", "text": "together and talking to each other and"}, {"end": "01:09:37", "start": "01:09:33", "text": "figuring things out. So, it scaled from"}, {"end": "01:09:39", "start": "01:09:35", "text": "just a few hundred volunteers to a"}, {"end": "01:09:41", "start": "01:09:37", "text": "nationwide tea party movement very"}, {"end": "01:09:43", "start": "01:09:39", "text": "quickly. But how quickly a movement can"}, {"end": "01:09:45", "start": "01:09:41", "text": "be co-opted. You know, when we were"}, {"end": "01:09:47", "start": "01:09:43", "text": "doing at the Ron Paul poll days in '07,"}, {"end": "01:09:48", "start": "01:09:45", "text": "there was just as many Democrats as"}, {"end": "01:09:50", "start": "01:09:47", "text": "there were Republicans. It was such"}, {"end": "01:09:52", "start": "01:09:48", "text": "weird bedfellows. You know, you'd have"}, {"end": "01:09:54", "start": "01:09:50", "text": "the blue-haired gal with the tongue ring"}, {"end": "01:09:56", "start": "01:09:52", "text": "who's kind of out there hanging out with"}, {"end": "01:09:58", "start": "01:09:54", "text": "like a 55 year old guy who buys golden"}, {"end": "01:10:02", "start": "01:09:56", "text": "guns and they're in the same rally and"}, {"end": "01:10:05", "start": "01:09:58", "text": "we're like, I don't know how this works,"}, {"end": "01:10:07", "start": "01:10:02", "text": "you know, but but then a few years"}, {"end": "01:10:09", "start": "01:10:05", "text": "later, because Paul's not a very good"}, {"end": "01:10:11", "start": "01:10:07", "text": "organizer, the movement got co-opted and"}, {"end": "01:10:13", "start": "01:10:09", "text": "suddenly Breitbart came in and all these"}, {"end": "01:10:15", "start": "01:10:11", "text": "other guys came in and it stopped being"}, {"end": "01:10:17", "start": "01:10:13", "text": "like a unifying thing with those three"}, {"end": "01:10:19", "start": "01:10:15", "text": "core things of choose liberty, sound"}, {"end": "01:10:21", "start": "01:10:17", "text": "money, and humble foreign policy. Cuz"}, {"end": "01:10:23", "start": "01:10:19", "text": "remember the the blue-haired girls were"}, {"end": "01:10:25", "start": "01:10:21", "text": "against the Iraq war, you know, and uh"}, {"end": "01:10:27", "start": "01:10:23", "text": "and also sound money, like who could be"}, {"end": "01:10:28", "start": "01:10:25", "text": "against that? And and choose liberty is"}, {"end": "01:10:30", "start": "01:10:27", "text": "like, well, that's liberty for"}, {"end": "01:10:32", "start": "01:10:28", "text": "everybody, not just you or me, but for"}, {"end": "01:10:34", "start": "01:10:30", "text": "everybody. And it became like we're now"}, {"end": "01:10:35", "start": "01:10:32", "text": "anti-abortion and now we're anti-gay and"}, {"end": "01:10:37", "start": "01:10:34", "text": "we're this and this and this. And the"}, {"end": "01:10:40", "start": "01:10:35", "text": "Tea Party went in very strange"}, {"end": "01:10:42", "start": "01:10:37", "text": "directions, and we lost that political"}, {"end": "01:10:44", "start": "01:10:40", "text": "momentum and that political movement. So"}, {"end": "01:10:45", "start": "01:10:42", "text": "it was fortuitous because a lot of the"}, {"end": "01:10:47", "start": "01:10:44", "text": "people that were still true core"}, {"end": "01:10:50", "start": "01:10:45", "text": "libertarians who had been indoctrinated"}, {"end": "01:10:52", "start": "01:10:47", "text": "into digital money and were quite into"}, {"end": "01:10:54", "start": "01:10:50", "text": "sound money who were quite young when"}, {"end": "01:10:56", "start": "01:10:52", "text": "the cryptocurrency movement came around"}, {"end": "01:10:58", "start": "01:10:54", "text": "they're like oh that's our home cuz"}, {"end": "01:11:00", "start": "01:10:56", "text": "blockchains are like a constitution at"}, {"end": "01:11:02", "start": "01:10:58", "text": "their core. When you look at a"}, {"end": "01:11:04", "start": "01:11:00", "text": "blockchain what's written in it can't be"}, {"end": "01:11:05", "start": "01:11:02", "text": "violated. If it says this is the"}, {"end": "01:11:08", "start": "01:11:04", "text": "monetary policy that's the monetary"}, {"end": "01:11:10", "start": "01:11:05", "text": "policy. If this is your right as a user"}, {"end": "01:11:12", "start": "01:11:08", "text": "of the system, the operator of the"}, {"end": "01:11:14", "start": "01:11:10", "text": "system or you know some power like the"}, {"end": "01:11:17", "start": "01:11:12", "text": "United States or China can't come in and"}, {"end": "01:11:18", "start": "01:11:14", "text": "change it cuz reasons it is what it is."}, {"end": "01:11:20", "start": "01:11:17", "text": "So if you believe in sound money, so"}, {"end": "01:11:22", "start": "01:11:18", "text": "deflationary monetary policy and you"}, {"end": "01:11:24", "start": "01:11:20", "text": "believe in choose liberty, meaning to"}, {"end": "01:11:27", "start": "01:11:22", "text": "follow the constitution, it's directly"}, {"end": "01:11:28", "start": "01:11:24", "text": "compatible with the blockchain. And the"}, {"end": "01:11:31", "start": "01:11:27", "text": "other thing is that it's non-aggression"}, {"end": "01:11:33", "start": "01:11:28", "text": "principle, non-violence, the this humble"}, {"end": "01:11:34", "start": "01:11:31", "text": "foreign policy. Everybody in the world"}, {"end": "01:11:36", "start": "01:11:33", "text": "is treated equally. So it doesn't matter"}, {"end": "01:11:38", "start": "01:11:34", "text": "what language you speak. It doesn't"}, {"end": "01:11:41", "start": "01:11:36", "text": "matter where you're born. It doesn't"}, {"end": "01:11:43", "start": "01:11:38", "text": "matter where you come from. You have the"}, {"end": "01:11:45", "start": "01:11:41", "text": "same rights as the founders of the"}, {"end": "01:11:46", "start": "01:11:43", "text": "system, you know, and that's just not"}, {"end": "01:11:49", "start": "01:11:45", "text": "the case in the legacy world. If you're"}, {"end": "01:11:51", "start": "01:11:46", "text": "Bill Gates or me and you use a bank,"}, {"end": "01:11:53", "start": "01:11:49", "text": "they kiss your ass. You know, your"}, {"end": "01:11:54", "start": "01:11:51", "text": "private client, they'll do anything. You"}, {"end": "01:11:56", "start": "01:11:53", "text": "have numbers you can call and just say,"}, {"end": "01:11:57", "start": "01:11:54", "text": "\"I need this and this. Oh, of course.\""}, {"end": "01:11:59", "start": "01:11:56", "text": "You know, we'll drop off a pallet of"}, {"end": "01:12:01", "start": "01:11:57", "text": "cash in front of your house. And they'll"}, {"end": "01:12:03", "start": "01:11:59", "text": "do that. You can't do that as a poor"}, {"end": "01:12:05", "start": "01:12:01", "text": "farmer in Sagal or things like that. you"}, {"end": "01:12:08", "start": "01:12:03", "text": "might you not even have a bank account."}, {"end": "01:12:10", "start": "01:12:05", "text": "But in a cryptocurrency, my use is"}, {"end": "01:12:12", "start": "01:12:08", "text": "identical to that farmer in Sagal's use."}, {"end": "01:12:14", "start": "01:12:10", "text": "So it was in many ways a spiritual"}, {"end": "01:12:17", "start": "01:12:12", "text": "successor to the concepts of that"}, {"end": "01:12:19", "start": "01:12:14", "text": "liberty movement and people wanting to"}, {"end": "01:12:21", "start": "01:12:17", "text": "have something that was divorced from"}, {"end": "01:12:23", "start": "01:12:19", "text": "the corruption and the nepotism and and"}, {"end": "01:12:25", "start": "01:12:21", "text": "had some principles behind it that were"}, {"end": "01:12:27", "start": "01:12:23", "text": "almost like the laws of physics. They're"}, {"end": "01:12:30", "start": "01:12:25", "text": "immutable. They're they're invariable."}, {"end": "01:12:30", "start": "01:12:27", "text": "You can't change them."}, {"end": "01:12:34", "start": "01:12:30", "text": "That's, you know, that's kind of why I"}, {"end": "01:12:39", "start": "01:12:32", "text": "was why I was asking if you think crypto"}, {"end": "01:12:44", "start": "01:12:34", "text": "will overtake the the the system."}, {"end": "01:12:44", "start": "01:12:39", "text": "So many people are drawn to the"}, {"end": "01:12:48", "start": "01:12:45", "text": "so many people are drawn to it because"}, {"end": "01:12:50", "start": "01:12:46", "text": "of government oversight and regulation"}, {"end": "01:12:52", "start": "01:12:48", "text": "and all of these different things. And"}, {"end": "01:12:56", "start": "01:12:50", "text": "so, and then there's all the skeptics"}, {"end": "01:12:58", "start": "01:12:52", "text": "that say it's not real, you know, and so"}, {"end": "01:13:00", "start": "01:12:56", "text": "that can can you elaborate a little bit"}, {"end": "01:13:03", "start": "01:12:58", "text": "on"}, {"end": "01:13:05", "start": "01:13:00", "text": "on how it works and and will we see the"}, {"end": "01:13:07", "start": "01:13:03", "text": "volatility"}, {"end": "01:13:09", "start": "01:13:05", "text": "stop?"}, {"end": "01:13:11", "start": "01:13:07", "text": "So, you know, first off, all social"}, {"end": "01:13:12", "start": "01:13:09", "text": "systems are imaginary. You know, every"}, {"end": "01:13:14", "start": "01:13:11", "text": "economic, political, or social system,"}, {"end": "01:13:18", "start": "01:13:12", "text": "they're not real. Like, where where do"}, {"end": "01:13:19", "start": "01:13:14", "text": "you go to find the dollar? It's like I"}, {"end": "01:13:21", "start": "01:13:18", "text": "can print a dollar and I can hand you a"}, {"end": "01:13:23", "start": "01:13:19", "text": "dollar but that's like a certificate"}, {"end": "01:13:25", "start": "01:13:21", "text": "that says this represents this concept"}, {"end": "01:13:27", "start": "01:13:23", "text": "of a dollar or like where does your vote"}, {"end": "01:13:29", "start": "01:13:25", "text": "live? You can vote but you I guess you"}, {"end": "01:13:31", "start": "01:13:27", "text": "have a ballot but the concept of voting"}, {"end": "01:13:33", "start": "01:13:29", "text": "the concept of democratic legitimacy say"}, {"end": "01:13:35", "start": "01:13:31", "text": "for corporations like where does"}, {"end": "01:13:37", "start": "01:13:33", "text": "Microsoft live exactly? You know where"}, {"end": "01:13:38", "start": "01:13:35", "text": "does Google live? You know it's like why"}, {"end": "01:13:40", "start": "01:13:37", "text": "there's a registration there's"}, {"end": "01:13:43", "start": "01:13:38", "text": "shareholders but it's a it's this"}, {"end": "01:13:45", "start": "01:13:40", "text": "abstraction you know in the internet. So"}, {"end": "01:13:48", "start": "01:13:43", "text": "crypto is just an abstraction. It's a"}, {"end": "01:13:50", "start": "01:13:45", "text": "set of consensus rules and it uses a"}, {"end": "01:13:52", "start": "01:13:48", "text": "blend of social processes and"}, {"end": "01:13:55", "start": "01:13:50", "text": "mathematics and distributed computing"}, {"end": "01:14:00", "start": "01:13:52", "text": "and cryptography to basically create"}, {"end": "01:14:02", "start": "01:13:55", "text": "something that then acts as this trust"}, {"end": "01:14:04", "start": "01:14:00", "text": "layer. It has three core properties."}, {"end": "01:14:06", "start": "01:14:02", "text": "It's immutable. It's timestamped and"}, {"end": "01:14:08", "start": "01:14:04", "text": "it's irreversible. Everything you put"}, {"end": "01:14:10", "start": "01:14:06", "text": "in, you can't change it. You know when"}, {"end": "01:14:13", "start": "01:14:08", "text": "you put it in, and everybody can see it."}, {"end": "01:14:14", "start": "01:14:10", "text": "It's auditable. And it doesn't seem like"}, {"end": "01:14:16", "start": "01:14:13", "text": "that's valuable, but it actually it"}, {"end": "01:14:18", "start": "01:14:14", "text": "turns out it's one of the most valuable"}, {"end": "01:14:20", "start": "01:14:16", "text": "things in the world. Trust is one of the"}, {"end": "01:14:21", "start": "01:14:18", "text": "most valuable things in the world. And"}, {"end": "01:14:23", "start": "01:14:20", "text": "you know it when you're missing it. And"}, {"end": "01:14:25", "start": "01:14:21", "text": "the example I like giving people is"}, {"end": "01:14:27", "start": "01:14:23", "text": "let's say you're a rancher and you want"}, {"end": "01:14:29", "start": "01:14:25", "text": "to buy some of your neighbors land."}, {"end": "01:14:31", "start": "01:14:27", "text": "There's two ways that can go down. One"}, {"end": "01:14:32", "start": "01:14:29", "text": "way you're great friends with that"}, {"end": "01:14:33", "start": "01:14:31", "text": "neighbor. You're drinking buddies with"}, {"end": "01:14:35", "start": "01:14:32", "text": "them. So you go out there and you say,"}, {"end": "01:14:37", "start": "01:14:33", "text": "\"Hey, Bill, uh, you know, I that 50"}, {"end": "01:14:39", "start": "01:14:35", "text": "acres over there, I want my cattle to"}, {"end": "01:14:41", "start": "01:14:37", "text": "graze on that place. Uh, I'd like to buy"}, {"end": "01:14:43", "start": "01:14:39", "text": "it from you.\" And Bill's like, \"Well,"}, {"end": "01:14:45", "start": "01:14:41", "text": "you know, Charles, uh, great. What"}, {"end": "01:14:47", "start": "01:14:43", "text": "price?\" And you haggle over drinks and"}, {"end": "01:14:49", "start": "01:14:45", "text": "you come to a term, you shake hands."}, {"end": "01:14:51", "start": "01:14:47", "text": "Now, let's say that you discover a"}, {"end": "01:14:52", "start": "01:14:49", "text": "problem with the transaction a month"}, {"end": "01:14:54", "start": "01:14:51", "text": "into it. You go back to him, you say,"}, {"end": "01:14:56", "start": "01:14:52", "text": "\"Bill, we got this problem and it's an"}, {"end": "01:14:58", "start": "01:14:54", "text": "issue. Can we solve it?\" You drink it"}, {"end": "01:15:01", "start": "01:14:56", "text": "out, you haggle it out, shake hands,"}, {"end": "01:15:02", "start": "01:14:58", "text": "deal closes, you get the land. The other"}, {"end": "01:15:04", "start": "01:15:01", "text": "way it can go down. Let's say you hate"}, {"end": "01:15:06", "start": "01:15:02", "text": "your neighbor. You don't trust each"}, {"end": "01:15:08", "start": "01:15:04", "text": "other, but you really need the land. So,"}, {"end": "01:15:09", "start": "01:15:06", "text": "you go to the neighbor and you say, \"I"}, {"end": "01:15:11", "start": "01:15:08", "text": "want to buy your land.\" He says, \"Well,"}, {"end": "01:15:14", "start": "01:15:09", "text": "all right. talk to my lawyer. So your"}, {"end": "01:15:17", "start": "01:15:11", "text": "lawyer is talking to his lawyer. Complex"}, {"end": "01:15:18", "start": "01:15:14", "text": "negotiation. That issue comes up. Now"}, {"end": "01:15:21", "start": "01:15:17", "text": "you're in litigation. You're suing each"}, {"end": "01:15:23", "start": "01:15:18", "text": "other. Two years passed. All this money."}, {"end": "01:15:26", "start": "01:15:21", "text": "You win. Got the land. The outcome is"}, {"end": "01:15:28", "start": "01:15:23", "text": "exactly the same in both cases. A, you"}, {"end": "01:15:29", "start": "01:15:26", "text": "get the land. B, you get the land."}, {"end": "01:15:31", "start": "01:15:28", "text": "What's the difference? The difference"}, {"end": "01:15:32", "start": "01:15:29", "text": "was you solved it over alcohol and"}, {"end": "01:15:34", "start": "01:15:31", "text": "handshakes and hanging out with your"}, {"end": "01:15:36", "start": "01:15:32", "text": "buddy versus you had to litigate and"}, {"end": "01:15:38", "start": "01:15:34", "text": "spend an enormous amount of money. What"}, {"end": "01:15:40", "start": "01:15:36", "text": "was the difference between those two"}, {"end": "01:15:43", "start": "01:15:38", "text": "transactions? One thing, just one thing,"}, {"end": "01:15:45", "start": "01:15:40", "text": "trust. That's it. In the first scenario,"}, {"end": "01:15:48", "start": "01:15:43", "text": "you like and trust each other. In the"}, {"end": "01:15:50", "start": "01:15:45", "text": "second scenario, you don't. So then"}, {"end": "01:15:53", "start": "01:15:48", "text": "everything else, it's like a butterfly"}, {"end": "01:15:56", "start": "01:15:50", "text": "effect. Cascades from there. And at the"}, {"end": "01:15:58", "start": "01:15:53", "text": "micro scale, that's it. But at the macro"}, {"end": "01:16:01", "start": "01:15:56", "text": "scale, it's the same way. Russia has"}, {"end": "01:16:02", "start": "01:15:58", "text": "every incentive to try to find a way to"}, {"end": "01:16:04", "start": "01:16:01", "text": "work with Europe and United States"}, {"end": "01:16:06", "start": "01:16:02", "text": "because China's eating them alive."}, {"end": "01:16:09", "start": "01:16:04", "text": "But we just can't get there with the"}, {"end": "01:16:11", "start": "01:16:06", "text": "trust. So unfortunately, despite the"}, {"end": "01:16:13", "start": "01:16:09", "text": "fact that they have an incentive to try"}, {"end": "01:16:16", "start": "01:16:11", "text": "to work with us to solve a major problem"}, {"end": "01:16:18", "start": "01:16:13", "text": "they have with China, they can't. And"}, {"end": "01:16:20", "start": "01:16:16", "text": "corporations, corporations in many cases"}, {"end": "01:16:22", "start": "01:16:18", "text": "have incentives to work together because"}, {"end": "01:16:23", "start": "01:16:20", "text": "maybe for some product you're building,"}, {"end": "01:16:25", "start": "01:16:22", "text": "somebody else has a piece of technology"}, {"end": "01:16:28", "start": "01:16:23", "text": "that you need. Like Apple was a great"}, {"end": "01:16:30", "start": "01:16:25", "text": "example with Samsung where Samsung makes"}, {"end": "01:16:31", "start": "01:16:28", "text": "all these chips. Apple needed the chips"}, {"end": "01:16:34", "start": "01:16:30", "text": "for its iPhone, but Samsung makes"}, {"end": "01:16:36", "start": "01:16:31", "text": "phones, too. So, how does Apple figure"}, {"end": "01:16:39", "start": "01:16:34", "text": "out how to buy those chips and work with"}, {"end": "01:16:41", "start": "01:16:36", "text": "Samsung, but trust them enough not to"}, {"end": "01:16:43", "start": "01:16:39", "text": "steal the iPhone design to use in the"}, {"end": "01:16:45", "start": "01:16:41", "text": "Samsung Galaxy? So, cooperatively, if"}, {"end": "01:16:47", "start": "01:16:43", "text": "they can find a way to make that happen,"}, {"end": "01:16:49", "start": "01:16:45", "text": "Samsung makes a [\u00a0__\u00a0] ton of money cuz"}, {"end": "01:16:51", "start": "01:16:47", "text": "they get like 100 million iPhones worth"}, {"end": "01:16:53", "start": "01:16:49", "text": "of memory sales, but then Apple also"}, {"end": "01:16:55", "start": "01:16:51", "text": "gets this state-of-the-art technology"}, {"end": "01:16:57", "start": "01:16:53", "text": "that's better for their consumers. But"}, {"end": "01:16:58", "start": "01:16:55", "text": "if they can't find a way to work"}, {"end": "01:17:02", "start": "01:16:57", "text": "together, that's patent litigation and"}, {"end": "01:17:04", "start": "01:16:58", "text": "this and this and this. So by creating a"}, {"end": "01:17:05", "start": "01:17:02", "text": "common space where business processes"}, {"end": "01:17:08", "start": "01:17:04", "text": "and government process any economic,"}, {"end": "01:17:10", "start": "01:17:05", "text": "political or social process can live and"}, {"end": "01:17:13", "start": "01:17:08", "text": "you have trust at the core of it then"}, {"end": "01:17:15", "start": "01:17:10", "text": "all of a sudden you now have a new place"}, {"end": "01:17:18", "start": "01:17:13", "text": "for people who don't trust each other to"}, {"end": "01:17:21", "start": "01:17:15", "text": "be able to start working together as if"}, {"end": "01:17:23", "start": "01:17:18", "text": "they did. And just that example of the"}, {"end": "01:17:25", "start": "01:17:21", "text": "lawsuit thing, it shows you the economic"}, {"end": "01:17:27", "start": "01:17:23", "text": "consequences of it. Literally it's"}, {"end": "01:17:28", "start": "01:17:25", "text": "creation of tens of trillions to"}, {"end": "01:17:31", "start": "01:17:27", "text": "hundreds of trillions of dollars of"}, {"end": "01:17:33", "start": "01:17:28", "text": "wealth. You notice that none of this did"}, {"end": "01:17:34", "start": "01:17:31", "text": "I talk about a token or a particular"}, {"end": "01:17:35", "start": "01:17:33", "text": "cryptocurrency or any of these things."}, {"end": "01:17:38", "start": "01:17:34", "text": "I'm just talking about the abstraction,"}, {"end": "01:17:40", "start": "01:17:35", "text": "the concept of a blockchain. This idea"}, {"end": "01:17:43", "start": "01:17:38", "text": "of a trust layer for it. Then there's a"}, {"end": "01:17:46", "start": "01:17:40", "text": "question, well, why do the tokens exist?"}, {"end": "01:17:48", "start": "01:17:43", "text": "Well, that comes into what type of world"}, {"end": "01:17:50", "start": "01:17:46", "text": "do you want to live in? Do you want your"}, {"end": "01:17:53", "start": "01:17:48", "text": "trust infrastructure to be owned and"}, {"end": "01:17:55", "start": "01:17:50", "text": "controlled by a federated unchanging"}, {"end": "01:17:56", "start": "01:17:53", "text": "oligarchy or do you want it to be"}, {"end": "01:17:58", "start": "01:17:55", "text": "decentralized?"}, {"end": "01:18:00", "start": "01:17:56", "text": "If you don't have the token, it's going"}, {"end": "01:18:03", "start": "01:17:58", "text": "to be controlled by an oligarchy. It has"}, {"end": "01:18:05", "start": "01:18:00", "text": "an operator. It has an owner. Somebody"}, {"end": "01:18:06", "start": "01:18:03", "text": "has to maintain the infrastructure."}, {"end": "01:18:08", "start": "01:18:05", "text": "People aren't going to volunteer to go"}, {"end": "01:18:11", "start": "01:18:06", "text": "hoist up trillions of dollars worth of"}, {"end": "01:18:13", "start": "01:18:08", "text": "infrastructure. So if there's no token,"}, {"end": "01:18:16", "start": "01:18:11", "text": "there's no instrument to pay for all of"}, {"end": "01:18:18", "start": "01:18:13", "text": "those things to exist. You see? So once"}, {"end": "01:18:20", "start": "01:18:16", "text": "you have the token, it can pay for its"}, {"end": "01:18:22", "start": "01:18:18", "text": "own bills to create a resource that you"}, {"end": "01:18:24", "start": "01:18:20", "text": "can use. So Bitcoin creates its own"}, {"end": "01:18:27", "start": "01:18:22", "text": "token. Then suddenly we go from me"}, {"end": "01:18:30", "start": "01:18:24", "text": "mining on my laptop in 2010 and getting"}, {"end": "01:18:31", "start": "01:18:27", "text": "lots of bitcoins to gigantic mining"}, {"end": "01:18:33", "start": "01:18:30", "text": "fields that the president's son Eric"}, {"end": "01:18:35", "start": "01:18:31", "text": "Trump has and all these other people"}, {"end": "01:18:37", "start": "01:18:33", "text": "have billions of dollars worth of"}, {"end": "01:18:39", "start": "01:18:35", "text": "miners. Where was the central Bitcoin"}, {"end": "01:18:40", "start": "01:18:37", "text": "bureau, you know, telling people to do"}, {"end": "01:18:42", "start": "01:18:39", "text": "that? There was none. It was just a"}, {"end": "01:18:44", "start": "01:18:40", "text": "token. And people through their own"}, {"end": "01:18:46", "start": "01:18:42", "text": "self-interest, independent of any"}, {"end": "01:18:48", "start": "01:18:44", "text": "central coordination came together and"}, {"end": "01:18:50", "start": "01:18:46", "text": "they built out that mesh. And now"}, {"end": "01:18:52", "start": "01:18:48", "text": "Bitcoin is secured by the largest"}, {"end": "01:18:53", "start": "01:18:50", "text": "computer in the world, distributed"}, {"end": "01:18:56", "start": "01:18:52", "text": "computer in the world, but secured by"}, {"end": "01:18:59", "start": "01:18:53", "text": "the largest function there. So the token"}, {"end": "01:19:01", "start": "01:18:56", "text": "creates the resource and it creates the"}, {"end": "01:19:03", "start": "01:18:59", "text": "decentralization to maintain and operate"}, {"end": "01:19:05", "start": "01:19:01", "text": "that system. Now if you don't care about"}, {"end": "01:19:08", "start": "01:19:03", "text": "that and you say, you know what, I just"}, {"end": "01:19:09", "start": "01:19:05", "text": "really trust Microsoft and Google and"}, {"end": "01:19:11", "start": "01:19:08", "text": "Amazon and I really trust the US"}, {"end": "01:19:13", "start": "01:19:09", "text": "government or China or whatever, well"}, {"end": "01:19:14", "start": "01:19:11", "text": "then you don't need it. You can run in a"}, {"end": "01:19:16", "start": "01:19:13", "text": "federated sense. But here are the"}, {"end": "01:19:19", "start": "01:19:14", "text": "consequences. The minute you trust them,"}, {"end": "01:19:22", "start": "01:19:16", "text": "they own what goes in that and what"}, {"end": "01:19:26", "start": "01:19:19", "text": "doesn't go in that ledger. So if they're"}, {"end": "01:19:29", "start": "01:19:22", "text": "told, compelled or decide themselves to"}, {"end": "01:19:32", "start": "01:19:26", "text": "exclude somebody, they can censor anyone"}, {"end": "01:19:34", "start": "01:19:29", "text": "from the global order. So they have a"}, {"end": "01:19:36", "start": "01:19:32", "text": "monopoly on trust and they have a"}, {"end": "01:19:38", "start": "01:19:34", "text": "monopoly on truth and they have a"}, {"end": "01:19:39", "start": "01:19:36", "text": "monopoly on who gets to play in the pond"}, {"end": "01:19:41", "start": "01:19:38", "text": "and who doesn't get to play in the pond."}, {"end": "01:19:43", "start": "01:19:39", "text": "We saw this with social media. Mhm. If"}, {"end": "01:19:44", "start": "01:19:41", "text": "they own the platform, they get to"}, {"end": "01:19:46", "start": "01:19:43", "text": "decide what's legitimate on the"}, {"end": "01:19:48", "start": "01:19:44", "text": "platform, what's not legitimate on the"}, {"end": "01:19:50", "start": "01:19:46", "text": "platform. So, you say, \"Hey, you know,"}, {"end": "01:19:51", "start": "01:19:48", "text": "I'm a doctor and this co thing is pretty"}, {"end": "01:19:53", "start": "01:19:50", "text": "bad and uh you know, I think these"}, {"end": "01:19:55", "start": "01:19:51", "text": "vaccines have issues.\" Oh, I'm sorry."}, {"end": "01:19:57", "start": "01:19:53", "text": "That's against our community standards."}, {"end": "01:20:00", "start": "01:19:55", "text": "You're blacklisted. You can never speak"}, {"end": "01:20:01", "start": "01:19:57", "text": "again. You're deplatformed. Or uh you"}, {"end": "01:20:03", "start": "01:20:00", "text": "know, hunter body laptop or you know,"}, {"end": "01:20:04", "start": "01:20:01", "text": "pick your favorite topic. Whatever the"}, {"end": "01:20:06", "start": "01:20:03", "text": "heck it is, you get blacklist and"}, {"end": "01:20:08", "start": "01:20:04", "text": "banished from the world. And you say,"}, {"end": "01:20:11", "start": "01:20:06", "text": "\"Well, that's not fair. Who do I appeal"}, {"end": "01:20:13", "start": "01:20:08", "text": "to? There's got to be.\" Well, actually,"}, {"end": "01:20:15", "start": "01:20:11", "text": "it's that five guys, they're not going"}, {"end": "01:20:17", "start": "01:20:13", "text": "to change. They control the thing. So,"}, {"end": "01:20:19", "start": "01:20:15", "text": "unless Elon Musk buys them or some weird"}, {"end": "01:20:21", "start": "01:20:17", "text": "black swan event happens, you're stuck"}, {"end": "01:20:23", "start": "01:20:19", "text": "with that configuration. When it's"}, {"end": "01:20:25", "start": "01:20:21", "text": "decentralized, no one has censorship"}, {"end": "01:20:27", "start": "01:20:23", "text": "capabilities. Nobody can come in and"}, {"end": "01:20:28", "start": "01:20:25", "text": "say, \"Well, I don't like Shawn Ryan. I"}, {"end": "01:20:30", "start": "01:20:27", "text": "don't like his content, so I'm going to"}, {"end": "01:20:32", "start": "01:20:28", "text": "kick him out.\" No. Everybody gets to"}, {"end": "01:20:35", "start": "01:20:30", "text": "play the good, the bad, and the ugly"}, {"end": "01:20:37", "start": "01:20:32", "text": "inside that type of a system. So in a"}, {"end": "01:20:40", "start": "01:20:35", "text": "world that's multi-olar, in a world"}, {"end": "01:20:41", "start": "01:20:37", "text": "that's highly, you know, tribal and"}, {"end": "01:20:44", "start": "01:20:40", "text": "there's all these factions fighting each"}, {"end": "01:20:46", "start": "01:20:41", "text": "other, it makes a lot of sense to have"}, {"end": "01:20:48", "start": "01:20:44", "text": "something where we have something that"}, {"end": "01:20:50", "start": "01:20:46", "text": "we all agree on is a universal good"}, {"end": "01:20:51", "start": "01:20:48", "text": "thing and we all use despite our"}, {"end": "01:20:53", "start": "01:20:50", "text": "differences because once we have that,"}, {"end": "01:20:56", "start": "01:20:51", "text": "then we at least have some anchor of"}, {"end": "01:20:57", "start": "01:20:53", "text": "trust. Is you know your agency guys, you"}, {"end": "01:20:59", "start": "01:20:56", "text": "probably remember all the Russian"}, {"end": "01:21:02", "start": "01:20:57", "text": "propaganda. Russian propaganda didn't"}, {"end": "01:21:04", "start": "01:20:59", "text": "try to convince you things were true or"}, {"end": "01:21:07", "start": "01:21:02", "text": "not true. They attack the very concept"}, {"end": "01:21:09", "start": "01:21:04", "text": "of truth. They would go out and erode it"}, {"end": "01:21:11", "start": "01:21:07", "text": "and get people so fatigued and exhausted"}, {"end": "01:21:13", "start": "01:21:09", "text": "that you you just don't even care"}, {"end": "01:21:14", "start": "01:21:11", "text": "anymore if people are lying. You don't"}, {"end": "01:21:16", "start": "01:21:13", "text": "even care anymore what's real and what's"}, {"end": "01:21:18", "start": "01:21:14", "text": "not real. You're just exhausted with the"}, {"end": "01:21:20", "start": "01:21:16", "text": "whole thing. And that's where we're at"}, {"end": "01:21:21", "start": "01:21:18", "text": "in America right now. There's"}, {"end": "01:21:24", "start": "01:21:20", "text": "institutional exhaustion. When I was a"}, {"end": "01:21:26", "start": "01:21:21", "text": "kid, if you're sitting at a bar and the"}, {"end": "01:21:27", "start": "01:21:24", "text": "guy next to you was from the CDC, you'd"}, {"end": "01:21:29", "start": "01:21:26", "text": "say, \"Wow, that's really cool.\" You"}, {"end": "01:21:31", "start": "01:21:27", "text": "know, you're the guys who wear the the"}, {"end": "01:21:32", "start": "01:21:29", "text": "the the suits and go in and deal with"}, {"end": "01:21:34", "start": "01:21:31", "text": "the Ebola and everything. you're a very"}, {"end": "01:21:35", "start": "01:21:32", "text": "courageous person. Now you look at it's"}, {"end": "01:21:37", "start": "01:21:34", "text": "like you're the guy who just tried to"}, {"end": "01:21:39", "start": "01:21:35", "text": "kill my kids with vaccines and all these"}, {"end": "01:21:41", "start": "01:21:37", "text": "other things like institutional loss of"}, {"end": "01:21:44", "start": "01:21:39", "text": "faith and the same for the FBI and the"}, {"end": "01:21:45", "start": "01:21:41", "text": "CIA and the same for many cases the"}, {"end": "01:21:47", "start": "01:21:44", "text": "military like a lot of soldiers who"}, {"end": "01:21:49", "start": "01:21:45", "text": "fought in Giwat they watched their"}, {"end": "01:21:50", "start": "01:21:47", "text": "friends die in Afghanistan and then the"}, {"end": "01:21:52", "start": "01:21:49", "text": "US government says you know a good"}, {"end": "01:21:54", "start": "01:21:50", "text": "outcome for that war was to give it back"}, {"end": "01:21:57", "start": "01:21:52", "text": "to the people that we we literally took"}, {"end": "01:21:59", "start": "01:21:54", "text": "it from and it's like oh well what what"}, {"end": "01:22:01", "start": "01:21:57", "text": "was the purpose of all of this then? So"}, {"end": "01:22:03", "start": "01:21:59", "text": "you have this institutional"}, {"end": "01:22:05", "start": "01:22:01", "text": "anger that's formed and everybody"}, {"end": "01:22:07", "start": "01:22:03", "text": "doesn't trust anything anymore. And then"}, {"end": "01:22:08", "start": "01:22:05", "text": "any government report comes out, the"}, {"end": "01:22:10", "start": "01:22:07", "text": "first thing people do is they take a"}, {"end": "01:22:13", "start": "01:22:08", "text": "look at what their tribe's opinion is"}, {"end": "01:22:14", "start": "01:22:10", "text": "and they don't even care what it says."}, {"end": "01:22:17", "start": "01:22:13", "text": "They just basically say it's true or"}, {"end": "01:22:19", "start": "01:22:14", "text": "false based upon what the tribe says. So"}, {"end": "01:22:22", "start": "01:22:17", "text": "we just live through Biden and under"}, {"end": "01:22:24", "start": "01:22:19", "text": "that regime, you know, if the CDC said"}, {"end": "01:22:27", "start": "01:22:22", "text": "something or NIH said something, it's"}, {"end": "01:22:28", "start": "01:22:24", "text": "100% true 100% of the time. Now that"}, {"end": "01:22:30", "start": "01:22:27", "text": "Robert Kennedy's in and Trump's in"}, {"end": "01:22:33", "start": "01:22:28", "text": "control, if the CDC says something and"}, {"end": "01:22:34", "start": "01:22:30", "text": "NIH says something, it's 100% false 100%"}, {"end": "01:22:36", "start": "01:22:33", "text": "of the time. So much so when they're"}, {"end": "01:22:39", "start": "01:22:34", "text": "saying like, \"Hey, these artificial food"}, {"end": "01:22:40", "start": "01:22:36", "text": "dyes are pretty bad for people.\" You"}, {"end": "01:22:42", "start": "01:22:39", "text": "have all these people that traditionally"}, {"end": "01:22:44", "start": "01:22:40", "text": "the yoga people and the, you know,"}, {"end": "01:22:45", "start": "01:22:42", "text": "living health and vegan people, they're"}, {"end": "01:22:47", "start": "01:22:44", "text": "like, \"No, no, I just, no, they're"}, {"end": "01:22:49", "start": "01:22:45", "text": "awesome. We want some food dyes in our"}, {"end": "01:22:51", "start": "01:22:47", "text": "food now. You know, it's they're great.\""}, {"end": "01:22:53", "start": "01:22:49", "text": "It's like, what are we doing? It's"}, {"end": "01:22:55", "start": "01:22:51", "text": "because you no longer have objectivity"}, {"end": "01:22:58", "start": "01:22:53", "text": "in the world. the concept of truth has"}, {"end": "01:23:00", "start": "01:22:55", "text": "been damaged. So that's what blockchain"}, {"end": "01:23:02", "start": "01:22:58", "text": "is basically selling is it's selling"}, {"end": "01:23:05", "start": "01:23:00", "text": "this idea of objective reality in a"}, {"end": "01:23:06", "start": "01:23:02", "text": "truth a synthetic objective reality then"}, {"end": "01:23:08", "start": "01:23:05", "text": "you can build an economic system from it"}, {"end": "01:23:10", "start": "01:23:06", "text": "then you can build a political system"}, {"end": "01:23:11", "start": "01:23:08", "text": "from it then you can build a social"}, {"end": "01:23:13", "start": "01:23:10", "text": "system from it a way of communicating"}, {"end": "01:23:15", "start": "01:23:11", "text": "with each other and if you have faith"}, {"end": "01:23:17", "start": "01:23:13", "text": "and belief in the underlying mathematics"}, {"end": "01:23:20", "start": "01:23:15", "text": "and the level of decentralization then"}, {"end": "01:23:22", "start": "01:23:17", "text": "you start trusting the outputs of these"}, {"end": "01:23:23", "start": "01:23:20", "text": "systems when I send you a transaction"}, {"end": "01:23:26", "start": "01:23:22", "text": "you say well how do I really know I have"}, {"end": "01:23:27", "start": "01:23:23", "text": "the money well if the system works in"}, {"end": "01:23:29", "start": "01:23:26", "text": "this way, you know, you have it because"}, {"end": "01:23:31", "start": "01:23:27", "text": "you can check it from the ledger. Great."}, {"end": "01:23:33", "start": "01:23:29", "text": "If you don't trust the ledger, then you"}, {"end": "01:23:34", "start": "01:23:31", "text": "don't know if you have the money. The"}, {"end": "01:23:37", "start": "01:23:33", "text": "voting is another thing. You know, Trump"}, {"end": "01:23:39", "start": "01:23:34", "text": "lost in 2020. Said, \"Oh, it was rigged.\""}, {"end": "01:23:41", "start": "01:23:37", "text": "And when Al Gore lost in 2000, oh, it's"}, {"end": "01:23:44", "start": "01:23:39", "text": "rigged, you know, and uh it's like every"}, {"end": "01:23:48", "start": "01:23:41", "text": "election of my lifetime since like n"}, {"end": "01:23:50", "start": "01:23:44", "text": "basically since 1988. Like it's it's"}, {"end": "01:23:52", "start": "01:23:48", "text": "been rigged in some way, you know, and"}, {"end": "01:23:53", "start": "01:23:50", "text": "and it's always a loser who complains."}, {"end": "01:23:55", "start": "01:23:52", "text": "Wouldn't it be nice to have a voting"}, {"end": "01:23:57", "start": "01:23:53", "text": "system where you could check your vote"}, {"end": "01:23:58", "start": "01:23:55", "text": "and know it was counted correctly and"}, {"end": "01:24:00", "start": "01:23:57", "text": "you can check the integrity of the"}, {"end": "01:24:02", "start": "01:23:58", "text": "system as a whole? It's the exact same"}, {"end": "01:24:04", "start": "01:24:00", "text": "problem as building a decentralized"}, {"end": "01:24:06", "start": "01:24:02", "text": "money system and the exact same problem"}, {"end": "01:24:08", "start": "01:24:04", "text": "as building a decentralized social"}, {"end": "01:24:09", "start": "01:24:06", "text": "network and the exact same problem as"}, {"end": "01:24:10", "start": "01:24:08", "text": "building a medical record system because"}, {"end": "01:24:13", "start": "01:24:09", "text": "you can use blockchain to do all of"}, {"end": "01:24:14", "start": "01:24:10", "text": "that. And as long as you trust that the"}, {"end": "01:24:17", "start": "01:24:13", "text": "underlying infrastructure is secure,"}, {"end": "01:24:19", "start": "01:24:14", "text": "you're good. And my job, my life's goal"}, {"end": "01:24:21", "start": "01:24:17", "text": "is how do I make it secure? You know,"}, {"end": "01:24:23", "start": "01:24:19", "text": "how do I get the science right? How do I"}, {"end": "01:24:26", "start": "01:24:21", "text": "make it decentralized? How do I make it"}, {"end": "01:24:28", "start": "01:24:23", "text": "resilient to attacks? And why the token"}, {"end": "01:24:30", "start": "01:24:26", "text": "prices are so awesome is it creates a"}, {"end": "01:24:32", "start": "01:24:28", "text": "reward to break the system? You know,"}, {"end": "01:24:34", "start": "01:24:30", "text": "when I first started, Bitcoin was under"}, {"end": "01:24:36", "start": "01:24:32", "text": "a dollar. No one cared. You couldn't pay"}, {"end": "01:24:38", "start": "01:24:34", "text": "somebody to take it and attack it. Now"}, {"end": "01:24:41", "start": "01:24:36", "text": "you have these multi-trillion dollar"}, {"end": "01:24:43", "start": "01:24:38", "text": "systems. So, every single day, the most"}, {"end": "01:24:45", "start": "01:24:41", "text": "vicious hackers and the most vicious"}, {"end": "01:24:47", "start": "01:24:43", "text": "attackers are trying to beat the crap"}, {"end": "01:24:49", "start": "01:24:45", "text": "out of the cryptocurrency space to steal"}, {"end": "01:24:51", "start": "01:24:47", "text": "money. And they do. North Korea does."}, {"end": "01:24:53", "start": "01:24:49", "text": "It's a national policy. They attack"}, {"end": "01:24:54", "start": "01:24:51", "text": "exchanges all the time and steal"}, {"end": "01:24:57", "start": "01:24:53", "text": "millions and millions of dollars worth"}, {"end": "01:24:59", "start": "01:24:54", "text": "of Ethereum and other tokens and and so"}, {"end": "01:25:01", "start": "01:24:57", "text": "what that does is it creates this"}, {"end": "01:25:03", "start": "01:24:59", "text": "learning and the systems get stronger"}, {"end": "01:25:04", "start": "01:25:01", "text": "and more resilient over time and"}, {"end": "01:25:06", "start": "01:25:03", "text": "eventually they get to a point where"}, {"end": "01:25:08", "start": "01:25:04", "text": "they can run social scale infrastructure"}, {"end": "01:25:10", "start": "01:25:06", "text": "like a nation state's elections or a"}, {"end": "01:25:11", "start": "01:25:08", "text": "nation state's money system or something"}, {"end": "01:25:13", "start": "01:25:10", "text": "like that. So that's kind of crypto in a"}, {"end": "01:25:14", "start": "01:25:11", "text": "nutshell. And the other thing is a smart"}, {"end": "01:25:16", "start": "01:25:13", "text": "cow effect and this is something that's"}, {"end": "01:25:19", "start": "01:25:14", "text": "so cool. So, if you're a rancher, you"}, {"end": "01:25:21", "start": "01:25:16", "text": "always have a lot of dumb cows, but then"}, {"end": "01:25:22", "start": "01:25:19", "text": "you have that one smart cow, and there's"}, {"end": "01:25:25", "start": "01:25:21", "text": "the most frustrating [\u00a0__\u00a0] cow. If you"}, {"end": "01:25:28", "start": "01:25:22", "text": "find it, you shoot it because the smart"}, {"end": "01:25:29", "start": "01:25:25", "text": "cow figures out how to get out. And they"}, {"end": "01:25:31", "start": "01:25:28", "text": "don't just get themselves out. If they"}, {"end": "01:25:33", "start": "01:25:29", "text": "can open up the fence, if they can open"}, {"end": "01:25:37", "start": "01:25:31", "text": "up the gate, all the other cattle follow"}, {"end": "01:25:40", "start": "01:25:33", "text": "them. So, if you invent something in a"}, {"end": "01:25:42", "start": "01:25:37", "text": "global open decentralized sense,"}, {"end": "01:25:44", "start": "01:25:40", "text": "whatever idea you have is everybody"}, {"end": "01:25:46", "start": "01:25:42", "text": "else's idea. So the minute I figure out"}, {"end": "01:25:49", "start": "01:25:44", "text": "a secure protocol, everybody knows the"}, {"end": "01:25:51", "start": "01:25:46", "text": "secure protocol. The minute I figure out"}, {"end": "01:25:52", "start": "01:25:49", "text": "a secure voting system, everybody has a"}, {"end": "01:25:54", "start": "01:25:51", "text": "secure voting system and they're"}, {"end": "01:25:57", "start": "01:25:52", "text": "royalty-free. They're open source. So"}, {"end": "01:26:01", "start": "01:25:54", "text": "what we've seen is an exponential growth"}, {"end": "01:26:02", "start": "01:25:57", "text": "in the innovation in the industry. So uh"}, {"end": "01:26:04", "start": "01:26:01", "text": "a great example would be zero knowledge"}, {"end": "01:26:06", "start": "01:26:02", "text": "proofs. These are some of the wildest"}, {"end": "01:26:08", "start": "01:26:04", "text": "coolest things. They were invented by"}, {"end": "01:26:10", "start": "01:26:06", "text": "MIT back in the 80s is Sylvia Macaulay"}, {"end": "01:26:12", "start": "01:26:08", "text": "and all these other guys and they were"}, {"end": "01:26:13", "start": "01:26:10", "text": "geniuses and they got like the Nobel"}, {"end": "01:26:15", "start": "01:26:12", "text": "Prize in computer science for it. But"}, {"end": "01:26:16", "start": "01:26:13", "text": "basically the idea of a zero knowledge"}, {"end": "01:26:19", "start": "01:26:15", "text": "proof is for me to prove something to"}, {"end": "01:26:21", "start": "01:26:16", "text": "you without me telling you what it is."}, {"end": "01:26:23", "start": "01:26:19", "text": "So for example, uh let's say I want to"}, {"end": "01:26:25", "start": "01:26:21", "text": "prove to you my age and and I'm over a"}, {"end": "01:26:27", "start": "01:26:23", "text": "threshold. Like you go to a bar and you"}, {"end": "01:26:29", "start": "01:26:25", "text": "say, \"Hey, are you at or over the age of"}, {"end": "01:26:31", "start": "01:26:27", "text": "21?\" Well, how do you normally do that?"}, {"end": "01:26:33", "start": "01:26:29", "text": "I show you an identity document like uh"}, {"end": "01:26:35", "start": "01:26:31", "text": "like a driver's license or a passport."}, {"end": "01:26:37", "start": "01:26:33", "text": "But then the minute I do it, you know my"}, {"end": "01:26:39", "start": "01:26:35", "text": "exact age. You know my name. You know"}, {"end": "01:26:40", "start": "01:26:37", "text": "all this information. Well, what if I"}, {"end": "01:26:42", "start": "01:26:39", "text": "had a way to just generate a proof and"}, {"end": "01:26:45", "start": "01:26:40", "text": "it's yes or no. Are you at or over the"}, {"end": "01:26:47", "start": "01:26:42", "text": "age of 21, but you don't know my age."}, {"end": "01:26:49", "start": "01:26:45", "text": "That's your knowledge proof. And so they"}, {"end": "01:26:51", "start": "01:26:47", "text": "invented a way to do this in the 80s and"}, {"end": "01:26:53", "start": "01:26:49", "text": "it was an academic toy. No one cared"}, {"end": "01:26:56", "start": "01:26:51", "text": "about it. It was like verified computing"}, {"end": "01:26:57", "start": "01:26:53", "text": "and mathematics stuff and who cares? But"}, {"end": "01:26:58", "start": "01:26:56", "text": "then the cryptocurrency space said,"}, {"end": "01:27:00", "start": "01:26:57", "text": "\"Well, hang on a second. We could use"}, {"end": "01:27:02", "start": "01:26:58", "text": "this to have private money and private"}, {"end": "01:27:04", "start": "01:27:00", "text": "voting and all this other stuff.\" So in"}, {"end": "01:27:06", "start": "01:27:02", "text": "just five six years of the"}, {"end": "01:27:09", "start": "01:27:04", "text": "cryptocurrency space being interested in"}, {"end": "01:27:11", "start": "01:27:06", "text": "this topic, we went from a few papers"}, {"end": "01:27:12", "start": "01:27:09", "text": "being written a year or a few lines of"}, {"end": "01:27:15", "start": "01:27:11", "text": "code being written a year to hundreds to"}, {"end": "01:27:17", "start": "01:27:12", "text": "thousands of papers to millions of lines"}, {"end": "01:27:18", "start": "01:27:15", "text": "of code and hundreds of projects and"}, {"end": "01:27:21", "start": "01:27:17", "text": "billions of dollars inside these"}, {"end": "01:27:23", "start": "01:27:18", "text": "systems. So it did probably in the last"}, {"end": "01:27:26", "start": "01:27:21", "text": "5 years more that's been done in 40"}, {"end": "01:27:29", "start": "01:27:23", "text": "years of academic research for that one"}, {"end": "01:27:31", "start": "01:27:26", "text": "thing. Wow. And that's the magic of the"}, {"end": "01:27:33", "start": "01:27:29", "text": "smart cow effect is that when people"}, {"end": "01:27:35", "start": "01:27:31", "text": "start catching on to a good thing, they"}, {"end": "01:27:37", "start": "01:27:33", "text": "just go crazy with it. Voting"}, {"end": "01:27:40", "start": "01:27:35", "text": "innovation, too. Like, why is it, you"}, {"end": "01:27:42", "start": "01:27:37", "text": "know, a giant turd sandwich versus a"}, {"end": "01:27:43", "start": "01:27:40", "text": "giant douche, you know, every freaking"}, {"end": "01:27:45", "start": "01:27:42", "text": "four years? Why do we have horrible"}, {"end": "01:27:49", "start": "01:27:43", "text": "choices? Because the ballot architecture"}, {"end": "01:27:51", "start": "01:27:45", "text": "is wrong. It shouldn't be left or right."}, {"end": "01:27:53", "start": "01:27:49", "text": "It should be a preference order. So"}, {"end": "01:27:55", "start": "01:27:51", "text": "instead of picking one guy, you pick"}, {"end": "01:27:57", "start": "01:27:53", "text": "your top five, you know, and then once"}, {"end": "01:27:59", "start": "01:27:55", "text": "you do something like that, you never"}, {"end": "01:28:00", "start": "01:27:57", "text": "throw your vote away because you'll pick"}, {"end": "01:28:02", "start": "01:27:59", "text": "your absolute most favorite candidate"}, {"end": "01:28:03", "start": "01:28:00", "text": "here and then your second most favorite"}, {"end": "01:28:05", "start": "01:28:02", "text": "and then your third most favorite. So"}, {"end": "01:28:06", "start": "01:28:03", "text": "you can always vote for third parties"}, {"end": "01:28:08", "start": "01:28:05", "text": "and there's no consequence because you"}, {"end": "01:28:10", "start": "01:28:06", "text": "talk to people like more than 70% of"}, {"end": "01:28:12", "start": "01:28:08", "text": "people would like more than just two"}, {"end": "01:28:14", "start": "01:28:10", "text": "options. So if you give that to them"}, {"end": "01:28:16", "start": "01:28:12", "text": "just by a change in ballot architecture,"}, {"end": "01:28:18", "start": "01:28:14", "text": "you would get suddenly get coalitions"}, {"end": "01:28:20", "start": "01:28:16", "text": "and third parties get represented in the"}, {"end": "01:28:22", "start": "01:28:18", "text": "political mirror. But what Democrats and"}, {"end": "01:28:24", "start": "01:28:20", "text": "Republicans did is they got together and"}, {"end": "01:28:26", "start": "01:28:22", "text": "there's only one truly bipartisan thing."}, {"end": "01:28:28", "start": "01:28:24", "text": "It's only Republican Democrats can be"}, {"end": "01:28:30", "start": "01:28:26", "text": "elected, no third parties. So they built"}, {"end": "01:28:33", "start": "01:28:28", "text": "the ballot architecture in a way to"}, {"end": "01:28:34", "start": "01:28:30", "text": "prevent any diversity. So with the"}, {"end": "01:28:36", "start": "01:28:33", "text": "cryptocurrency space, because they have"}, {"end": "01:28:38", "start": "01:28:34", "text": "to govern these decentralized things,"}, {"end": "01:28:39", "start": "01:28:36", "text": "there's no corporation that controls a"}, {"end": "01:28:41", "start": "01:28:38", "text": "cryptocurrency infrastructure. You have"}, {"end": "01:28:43", "start": "01:28:39", "text": "to create onchain governance, which"}, {"end": "01:28:45", "start": "01:28:41", "text": "means you're in the business of building"}, {"end": "01:28:47", "start": "01:28:43", "text": "voting systems and political systems and"}, {"end": "01:28:48", "start": "01:28:45", "text": "all these other things. So what do you"}, {"end": "01:28:51", "start": "01:28:47", "text": "do? you go and you say, \"Okay, well,"}, {"end": "01:28:53", "start": "01:28:48", "text": "God, I need to dust off these books on"}, {"end": "01:28:56", "start": "01:28:51", "text": "political science and voting theory and"}, {"end": "01:28:58", "start": "01:28:53", "text": "stuff from written the 1950s and60s and"}, {"end": "01:29:00", "start": "01:28:56", "text": "literally read them and then implement"}, {"end": "01:29:02", "start": "01:28:58", "text": "them. So, you have quadratic voting and"}, {"end": "01:29:04", "start": "01:29:00", "text": "linear preference. You have board on"}, {"end": "01:29:06", "start": "01:29:02", "text": "contra counts. Uh you have anonymous"}, {"end": "01:29:09", "start": "01:29:04", "text": "ballots, you have voting rounds and"}, {"end": "01:29:11", "start": "01:29:06", "text": "voting times and then maybe uh runoffs"}, {"end": "01:29:13", "start": "01:29:09", "text": "with plurality and liquid democracy is"}, {"end": "01:29:15", "start": "01:29:11", "text": "another example where you actually"}, {"end": "01:29:16", "start": "01:29:13", "text": "delegate power to somebody but you can"}, {"end": "01:29:18", "start": "01:29:15", "text": "pull at any time. So imagine a"}, {"end": "01:29:20", "start": "01:29:16", "text": "congressman that their voting power in"}, {"end": "01:29:22", "start": "01:29:18", "text": "the house is connected to how much"}, {"end": "01:29:23", "start": "01:29:20", "text": "delegation they have, but if you don't"}, {"end": "01:29:25", "start": "01:29:22", "text": "like them, you can pull delegation and"}, {"end": "01:29:26", "start": "01:29:23", "text": "they get less voting power and if they"}, {"end": "01:29:28", "start": "01:29:25", "text": "fall below a threshold, they get kicked"}, {"end": "01:29:30", "start": "01:29:26", "text": "out. It's called liquid feedback. These"}, {"end": "01:29:32", "start": "01:29:28", "text": "things that sounds amazing. Exactly."}, {"end": "01:29:33", "start": "01:29:30", "text": "Right. And these things have existed in"}, {"end": "01:29:35", "start": "01:29:32", "text": "the political science world at"}, {"end": "01:29:37", "start": "01:29:33", "text": "universities and things, but no one ever"}, {"end": "01:29:39", "start": "01:29:35", "text": "adopts them and puts them into the"}, {"end": "01:29:41", "start": "01:29:37", "text": "governing systems because the cadence of"}, {"end": "01:29:43", "start": "01:29:39", "text": "change of a government is is by years"}, {"end": "01:29:46", "start": "01:29:41", "text": "and decades or centuries. Usually takes"}, {"end": "01:29:47", "start": "01:29:43", "text": "a war and you get conquered and then you"}, {"end": "01:29:48", "start": "01:29:46", "text": "build a new political system or an"}, {"end": "01:29:50", "start": "01:29:47", "text": "economic collapse and then you build a"}, {"end": "01:29:52", "start": "01:29:48", "text": "new political system. So maybe you get"}, {"end": "01:29:53", "start": "01:29:50", "text": "to change your voting system two or"}, {"end": "01:29:55", "start": "01:29:52", "text": "three times a century. But in the"}, {"end": "01:29:57", "start": "01:29:53", "text": "cryptocurrency space you have 1.4"}, {"end": "01:30:00", "start": "01:29:55", "text": "million cryptocurrencies that have been"}, {"end": "01:30:02", "start": "01:29:57", "text": "issued since 2010. And a lot of them are"}, {"end": "01:30:03", "start": "01:30:00", "text": "starting to get onchain governance,"}, {"end": "01:30:05", "start": "01:30:02", "text": "which means they're building their own"}, {"end": "01:30:07", "start": "01:30:03", "text": "voting systems, which means we in real"}, {"end": "01:30:08", "start": "01:30:05", "text": "time at a scale of millions to tens of"}, {"end": "01:30:11", "start": "01:30:07", "text": "millions to hundreds of millions of"}, {"end": "01:30:13", "start": "01:30:08", "text": "people get to test an entire economic"}, {"end": "01:30:15", "start": "01:30:11", "text": "system, an entire social system, an"}, {"end": "01:30:17", "start": "01:30:13", "text": "entire political system. And it's"}, {"end": "01:30:19", "start": "01:30:15", "text": "adversarial. You get people trying to"}, {"end": "01:30:20", "start": "01:30:17", "text": "break it and destroy it. And so if"}, {"end": "01:30:23", "start": "01:30:19", "text": "there's a bug or flaw in it, it's"}, {"end": "01:30:25", "start": "01:30:20", "text": "exploited and the system collapses. So"}, {"end": "01:30:27", "start": "01:30:23", "text": "the minute someone comes up with a good"}, {"end": "01:30:28", "start": "01:30:25", "text": "system, everybody else steals that and"}, {"end": "01:30:31", "start": "01:30:27", "text": "then they use that as the standard and"}, {"end": "01:30:33", "start": "01:30:28", "text": "then you reset in the standard and reset"}, {"end": "01:30:35", "start": "01:30:31", "text": "use that as standard and reset. It's"}, {"end": "01:30:37", "start": "01:30:33", "text": "it's so extraordinary and it's so"}, {"end": "01:30:39", "start": "01:30:35", "text": "magical because you're literally"}, {"end": "01:30:41", "start": "01:30:37", "text": "rewriting the fabric of society, you"}, {"end": "01:30:42", "start": "01:30:39", "text": "know, as you do these things and then"}, {"end": "01:30:44", "start": "01:30:41", "text": "eventually the regular world is like,"}, {"end": "01:30:46", "start": "01:30:42", "text": "boy, there's a lot of value that these"}, {"end": "01:30:48", "start": "01:30:44", "text": "guys have created. So they start"}, {"end": "01:30:49", "start": "01:30:46", "text": "adopting it and they start absorbing it."}, {"end": "01:30:51", "start": "01:30:48", "text": "But the problem is that the only way to"}, {"end": "01:30:54", "start": "01:30:49", "text": "get the systems to work truly together"}, {"end": "01:30:57", "start": "01:30:51", "text": "is for you to go from federated to"}, {"end": "01:30:59", "start": "01:30:54", "text": "decentralized. So these big middlemen,"}, {"end": "01:31:00", "start": "01:30:57", "text": "they're going to start evaporating"}, {"end": "01:31:02", "start": "01:30:59", "text": "because there's no reason to use them."}, {"end": "01:31:04", "start": "01:31:00", "text": "And even if they want to hold on to the"}, {"end": "01:31:05", "start": "01:31:02", "text": "monopoly, you know, if there's a more"}, {"end": "01:31:08", "start": "01:31:04", "text": "efficient system that with a different"}, {"end": "01:31:10", "start": "01:31:05", "text": "configuration, some jurisdiction, maybe"}, {"end": "01:31:12", "start": "01:31:08", "text": "Abu Dhabi with the ADGM or Singapore"}, {"end": "01:31:14", "start": "01:31:10", "text": "with a monetary authority will adopt it."}, {"end": "01:31:16", "start": "01:31:12", "text": "And you can't compete against somebody"}, {"end": "01:31:18", "start": "01:31:14", "text": "that's 30% more efficient or 50% more"}, {"end": "01:31:20", "start": "01:31:16", "text": "efficient. capital naturally moves in"}, {"end": "01:31:22", "start": "01:31:18", "text": "that direction and then eventually you"}, {"end": "01:31:23", "start": "01:31:20", "text": "get to a point where the system as a"}, {"end": "01:31:25", "start": "01:31:22", "text": "whole becomes that new standard. It's"}, {"end": "01:31:27", "start": "01:31:23", "text": "very much like the internet and media."}, {"end": "01:31:29", "start": "01:31:25", "text": "Old media they had a monopoly. They"}, {"end": "01:31:32", "start": "01:31:27", "text": "controlled what's real, what's not real."}, {"end": "01:31:33", "start": "01:31:29", "text": "There was fixed distribution points and"}, {"end": "01:31:35", "start": "01:31:32", "text": "then the internet comes out and you can"}, {"end": "01:31:37", "start": "01:31:33", "text": "just get information any way you want."}, {"end": "01:31:40", "start": "01:31:35", "text": "So papers had to learn how to adopt and"}, {"end": "01:31:42", "start": "01:31:37", "text": "adapt that paradigm. And if they didn't,"}, {"end": "01:31:43", "start": "01:31:40", "text": "they died and disappeared. And it's much"}, {"end": "01:31:45", "start": "01:31:42", "text": "the same with cryptocurrencies. They"}, {"end": "01:31:47", "start": "01:31:43", "text": "have to blend the systems together. That"}, {"end": "01:31:49", "start": "01:31:45", "text": "is the best explanation of"}, {"end": "01:31:53", "start": "01:31:47", "text": "cryptocurrency I've ever heard in my"}, {"end": "01:31:56", "start": "01:31:49", "text": "life. Thank you. Uh let's take a quick"}, {"end": "01:31:56", "start": "01:31:53", "text": "break. Sure."}, {"end": "01:32:00", "start": "01:31:56", "text": "The news just doesn't stop. Between the"}, {"end": "01:32:02", "start": "01:31:58", "text": "national debt and the economic"}, {"end": "01:32:05", "start": "01:32:00", "text": "uncertainty, it's hard to know what to"}, {"end": "01:32:06", "start": "01:32:02", "text": "do. But if you look above the noise,"}, {"end": "01:32:09", "start": "01:32:05", "text": "you'll see many high- netw worth"}, {"end": "01:32:11", "start": "01:32:06", "text": "individuals and central banks are"}, {"end": "01:32:14", "start": "01:32:09", "text": "stockpiling gold. In fact, gold has"}, {"end": "01:32:17", "start": "01:32:11", "text": "broken another record, climbing past"}, {"end": "01:32:20", "start": "01:32:14", "text": "$3500 an ounce. I still remember when it"}, {"end": "01:32:23", "start": "01:32:17", "text": "was under $2,000 an ounce just a while"}, {"end": "01:32:25", "start": "01:32:20", "text": "ago. It's clear, too, that now is the"}, {"end": "01:32:27", "start": "01:32:23", "text": "time to learn more about how Gold and"}, {"end": "01:32:30", "start": "01:32:25", "text": "Silver can help you. So, reach out to my"}, {"end": "01:32:32", "start": "01:32:27", "text": "partners over at Goldco. They're a great"}, {"end": "01:32:35", "start": "01:32:30", "text": "award-winning company I trust, and"}, {"end": "01:32:37", "start": "01:32:32", "text": "they've got over 7,000 five-star"}, {"end": "01:32:38", "start": "01:32:35", "text": "reviews, so you know you're working with"}, {"end": "01:32:40", "start": "01:32:37", "text": "the best in the industry. Visit"}, {"end": "01:32:43", "start": "01:32:38", "text": "shaunlikesold.com"}, {"end": "01:32:45", "start": "01:32:40", "text": "to get a free 2025 gold and silver kit"}, {"end": "01:32:47", "start": "01:32:43", "text": "and you'll also learn about their"}, {"end": "01:32:49", "start": "01:32:45", "text": "unlimited bonus silver offer if you"}, {"end": "01:32:51", "start": "01:32:47", "text": "qualify. It's a great way to get"}, {"end": "01:32:54", "start": "01:32:49", "text": "started. Go to shaunlikesgold.com."}, {"end": "01:32:56", "start": "01:32:51", "text": "That's shaunlikesgold.com."}, {"end": "01:32:58", "start": "01:32:54", "text": "Performance may vary. You should always"}, {"end": "01:33:01", "start": "01:32:56", "text": "consult with your financial and tax"}, {"end": "01:33:01", "start": "01:32:58", "text": "professional."}, {"end": "01:33:06", "start": "01:33:02", "text": "What if you could delay your next two"}, {"end": "01:33:08", "start": "01:33:03", "text": "mortgage payments? That's right. Imagine"}, {"end": "01:33:10", "start": "01:33:06", "text": "putting those two payments in your"}, {"end": "01:33:12", "start": "01:33:08", "text": "pocket and finally getting a little"}, {"end": "01:33:14", "start": "01:33:10", "text": "breathing room. It's possible if you"}, {"end": "01:33:17", "start": "01:33:12", "text": "call American Financing today. If you're"}, {"end": "01:33:21", "start": "01:33:14", "text": "feeling stretched by everyday expenses,"}, {"end": "01:33:23", "start": "01:33:17", "text": "groceries, gas, bills piling up, you are"}, {"end": "01:33:25", "start": "01:33:21", "text": "not alone. Most Americans are putting"}, {"end": "01:33:27", "start": "01:33:23", "text": "these expenses on credit cards, and"}, {"end": "01:33:29", "start": "01:33:25", "text": "there doesn't seem to be a way out."}, {"end": "01:33:32", "start": "01:33:27", "text": "American Financing can show you how to"}, {"end": "01:33:33", "start": "01:33:29", "text": "use your home's equity to pay off that"}, {"end": "01:33:35", "start": "01:33:32", "text": "debt. You need to call American"}, {"end": "01:33:38", "start": "01:33:33", "text": "Financing today to get ahead of the"}, {"end": "01:33:41", "start": "01:33:35", "text": "curve. Their salarybased mortgage"}, {"end": "01:33:43", "start": "01:33:38", "text": "consultants are helping homeowners just"}, {"end": "01:33:46", "start": "01:33:41", "text": "like you restructure their loans and"}, {"end": "01:33:49", "start": "01:33:43", "text": "consolidate debt, all without upfront"}, {"end": "01:33:52", "start": "01:33:46", "text": "fees. And their customers are saving an"}, {"end": "01:33:55", "start": "01:33:49", "text": "average of $800 a month. That's like a"}, {"end": "01:33:58", "start": "01:33:52", "text": "$10,000 a year raise. It's fast, it's"}, {"end": "01:34:03", "start": "01:33:55", "text": "simple, and it could save your budget"}, {"end": "01:34:03", "start": "01:33:58", "text": "this summer. Call now at 866781-8900."}, {"end": "01:34:07", "start": "01:34:04", "text": "That's 8667818900."}, {"end": "01:34:12", "start": "01:34:08", "text": "Or you can go to"}, {"end": "01:34:12", "start": "01:34:09", "text": "americanfinancing.net/srs."}, {"end": "01:34:19", "start": "01:34:16", "text": "All right, Charles, we're back from the"}, {"end": "01:34:22", "start": "01:34:17", "text": "break. I I'm still trying to wrap my"}, {"end": "01:34:24", "start": "01:34:19", "text": "head around the crypto thing. That That"}, {"end": "01:34:27", "start": "01:34:22", "text": "was, like I said, the best explanation"}, {"end": "01:34:30", "start": "01:34:24", "text": "I've ever heard in my life. But when"}, {"end": "01:34:31", "start": "01:34:27", "text": "you're talking about voting and all"}, {"end": "01:34:33", "start": "01:34:30", "text": "these other things that we can use"}, {"end": "01:34:37", "start": "01:34:31", "text": "blockchain for, I don't I don't"}, {"end": "01:34:39", "start": "01:34:33", "text": "understand how that works. And so h how"}, {"end": "01:34:40", "start": "01:34:37", "text": "would how would we vote on the"}, {"end": "01:34:43", "start": "01:34:39", "text": "blockchain?"}, {"end": "01:34:45", "start": "01:34:40", "text": "Okay, so if you think about a vote, a"}, {"end": "01:34:47", "start": "01:34:43", "text": "vote is kind of like a token. Mhm. You"}, {"end": "01:34:49", "start": "01:34:45", "text": "know, so how many votes you get is how"}, {"end": "01:34:52", "start": "01:34:47", "text": "many tokens you have. And where you send"}, {"end": "01:34:54", "start": "01:34:49", "text": "the token to is who you're voting for."}, {"end": "01:34:55", "start": "01:34:52", "text": "And if you're allowed to vote for just"}, {"end": "01:34:57", "start": "01:34:54", "text": "one person, you have to it's an atomic"}, {"end": "01:34:58", "start": "01:34:55", "text": "transaction. If you're allowed to vote"}, {"end": "01:35:00", "start": "01:34:57", "text": "for multiple people, you have a certain"}, {"end": "01:35:02", "start": "01:34:58", "text": "amount of power. So that's how much"}, {"end": "01:35:04", "start": "01:35:00", "text": "tokens you have and then you split it"}, {"end": "01:35:06", "start": "01:35:02", "text": "amongst multiple addresses. So now that"}, {"end": "01:35:07", "start": "01:35:04", "text": "you have that set up, you're like, \"Wait"}, {"end": "01:35:09", "start": "01:35:06", "text": "a minute, that's exactly the same as"}, {"end": "01:35:11", "start": "01:35:07", "text": "like how Bitcoin works or any of these"}, {"end": "01:35:12", "start": "01:35:09", "text": "cryptocurrencies work. You have tokens"}, {"end": "01:35:15", "start": "01:35:11", "text": "and addresses and you can push them"}, {"end": "01:35:17", "start": "01:35:12", "text": "around.\" So when you do an election,"}, {"end": "01:35:18", "start": "01:35:15", "text": "there are a collection of things you"}, {"end": "01:35:20", "start": "01:35:17", "text": "have to concern yourself with. Like f"}, {"end": "01:35:23", "start": "01:35:18", "text": "first off, who gets the tokens? So these"}, {"end": "01:35:25", "start": "01:35:20", "text": "are registered voters. So the most"}, {"end": "01:35:27", "start": "01:35:23", "text": "important part of any election is what"}, {"end": "01:35:30", "start": "01:35:25", "text": "is your voter registration process and"}, {"end": "01:35:32", "start": "01:35:27", "text": "how secure is that? So we have numerous"}, {"end": "01:35:34", "start": "01:35:30", "text": "people, countries, other people come say"}, {"end": "01:35:35", "start": "01:35:32", "text": "would you like to bid on an RFP for a"}, {"end": "01:35:36", "start": "01:35:34", "text": "blockchain based voting system? And the"}, {"end": "01:35:39", "start": "01:35:35", "text": "very first thing I ask is well what is"}, {"end": "01:35:42", "start": "01:35:36", "text": "your identity system look like? How do"}, {"end": "01:35:43", "start": "01:35:39", "text": "you identify people in your your nation"}, {"end": "01:35:45", "start": "01:35:42", "text": "state? And if that's not a secure"}, {"end": "01:35:47", "start": "01:35:43", "text": "system, I have no desire to build a"}, {"end": "01:35:48", "start": "01:35:45", "text": "voting system because all you're doing"}, {"end": "01:35:51", "start": "01:35:47", "text": "is you're building a very secure way to"}, {"end": "01:35:53", "start": "01:35:48", "text": "count dead people and a very secure way"}, {"end": "01:35:54", "start": "01:35:51", "text": "to count fake people that don't exist"}, {"end": "01:35:56", "start": "01:35:53", "text": "because, you know, because I can always"}, {"end": "01:35:58", "start": "01:35:54", "text": "just register somebody in the ballot. So"}, {"end": "01:36:00", "start": "01:35:56", "text": "the step one is how do you what is your"}, {"end": "01:36:01", "start": "01:35:58", "text": "digital identity component and how do"}, {"end": "01:36:04", "start": "01:36:00", "text": "you get to know somebody is real and"}, {"end": "01:36:06", "start": "01:36:01", "text": "they're suitable for the election. Then"}, {"end": "01:36:09", "start": "01:36:04", "text": "the next stage assuming that everybody"}, {"end": "01:36:10", "start": "01:36:06", "text": "is suitable then you have to decide well"}, {"end": "01:36:13", "start": "01:36:09", "text": "what are the election mechanics that go"}, {"end": "01:36:15", "start": "01:36:10", "text": "on? So is everybody equal so everybody"}, {"end": "01:36:16", "start": "01:36:13", "text": "gets one vote or do certain people have"}, {"end": "01:36:18", "start": "01:36:15", "text": "stronger votes the other so like"}, {"end": "01:36:20", "start": "01:36:16", "text": "weighted votes and so like shareholder"}, {"end": "01:36:22", "start": "01:36:18", "text": "votes are like this and so if you own"}, {"end": "01:36:23", "start": "01:36:20", "text": "stock in Microsoft or Google or"}, {"end": "01:36:25", "start": "01:36:22", "text": "something well if you have a lot of"}, {"end": "01:36:27", "start": "01:36:23", "text": "shares you have more voting power than"}, {"end": "01:36:29", "start": "01:36:25", "text": "other people okay so you can have many"}, {"end": "01:36:31", "start": "01:36:27", "text": "different configurations and again it's"}, {"end": "01:36:33", "start": "01:36:29", "text": "just like tokens how many vote tokens do"}, {"end": "01:36:37", "start": "01:36:31", "text": "you have for that particular thing then"}, {"end": "01:36:40", "start": "01:36:33", "text": "you ask okay is it an anonymous or is it"}, {"end": "01:36:41", "start": "01:36:37", "text": "a public and transparent vote so in a"}, {"end": "01:36:43", "start": "01:36:40", "text": "lot of elections"}, {"end": "01:36:44", "start": "01:36:41", "text": "for shareholder votes. You can see who"}, {"end": "01:36:47", "start": "01:36:43", "text": "voted where. You know, this person voted"}, {"end": "01:36:49", "start": "01:36:44", "text": "against Elon Musk pay package for Tesla."}, {"end": "01:36:51", "start": "01:36:47", "text": "This person voted yes. Okay. Others are"}, {"end": "01:36:53", "start": "01:36:49", "text": "anonymous ballots, meaning that when you"}, {"end": "01:36:55", "start": "01:36:51", "text": "vote, the outside world can't see it."}, {"end": "01:36:58", "start": "01:36:53", "text": "But then you ask another question of"}, {"end": "01:37:00", "start": "01:36:55", "text": "auditability. So just because the"}, {"end": "01:37:04", "start": "01:36:58", "text": "outside world can't see how you voted,"}, {"end": "01:37:06", "start": "01:37:00", "text": "can you see how your vote was recorded?"}, {"end": "01:37:07", "start": "01:37:04", "text": "And some systems, they say no. And the"}, {"end": "01:37:10", "start": "01:37:06", "text": "reason being is they don't want you to"}, {"end": "01:37:11", "start": "01:37:07", "text": "sell your vote because if you can prove"}, {"end": "01:37:13", "start": "01:37:10", "text": "how you voted then you know Bob over"}, {"end": "01:37:15", "start": "01:37:11", "text": "there can give you $100 bill if you vote"}, {"end": "01:37:17", "start": "01:37:13", "text": "this way. In other systems they say yes"}, {"end": "01:37:20", "start": "01:37:15", "text": "you can do that because uh you know you"}, {"end": "01:37:22", "start": "01:37:17", "text": "want to be able to check that. Then"}, {"end": "01:37:24", "start": "01:37:20", "text": "there is the mechanism is it atomic"}, {"end": "01:37:27", "start": "01:37:22", "text": "meaning you can only vote for one thing"}, {"end": "01:37:29", "start": "01:37:24", "text": "or does it allow you to split you vote"}, {"end": "01:37:32", "start": "01:37:27", "text": "for many things and uh so that's rank"}, {"end": "01:37:33", "start": "01:37:29", "text": "choice or linear preference. Um, and"}, {"end": "01:37:35", "start": "01:37:32", "text": "then also you can have mechanics where"}, {"end": "01:37:37", "start": "01:37:33", "text": "if you have a lot of voting power, the"}, {"end": "01:37:39", "start": "01:37:35", "text": "more you vote for any one thing, there's"}, {"end": "01:37:41", "start": "01:37:37", "text": "a dampening effect as as you start"}, {"end": "01:37:42", "start": "01:37:39", "text": "voting more. So if you try to put all"}, {"end": "01:37:44", "start": "01:37:41", "text": "your voting power in, it actually ends"}, {"end": "01:37:46", "start": "01:37:42", "text": "up being less. It's called quadratic"}, {"end": "01:37:50", "start": "01:37:44", "text": "voting. So you have all kinds of"}, {"end": "01:37:52", "start": "01:37:46", "text": "mechanism for that. So those can be"}, {"end": "01:37:54", "start": "01:37:50", "text": "grafted on and built into a"}, {"end": "01:37:56", "start": "01:37:52", "text": "cryptocurrency as an application. And"}, {"end": "01:37:58", "start": "01:37:54", "text": "you can use the blockchain because it's"}, {"end": "01:38:01", "start": "01:37:56", "text": "immutable, it's timestamped, and it's"}, {"end": "01:38:03", "start": "01:37:58", "text": "auditable to audit the system. as a"}, {"end": "01:38:05", "start": "01:38:01", "text": "whole. It's immutable, meaning that once"}, {"end": "01:38:07", "start": "01:38:03", "text": "the vote is counted, it can't be"}, {"end": "01:38:09", "start": "01:38:05", "text": "changed. It's timestamp, meaning that"}, {"end": "01:38:11", "start": "01:38:07", "text": "the vote only occurred in a legitimate"}, {"end": "01:38:12", "start": "01:38:09", "text": "time period when the election was"}, {"end": "01:38:14", "start": "01:38:11", "text": "occurring. It wasn't in and out of the"}, {"end": "01:38:16", "start": "01:38:12", "text": "election period, right? And then it's"}, {"end": "01:38:18", "start": "01:38:14", "text": "auditable, meaning that everybody can"}, {"end": "01:38:21", "start": "01:38:16", "text": "see those records. They can actually"}, {"end": "01:38:23", "start": "01:38:18", "text": "verify that that is what it is. So, you"}, {"end": "01:38:24", "start": "01:38:21", "text": "actually get two properties that are"}, {"end": "01:38:26", "start": "01:38:23", "text": "really cool. Not only can you not you"}, {"end": "01:38:27", "start": "01:38:24", "text": "can verify your own vote was counted"}, {"end": "01:38:29", "start": "01:38:26", "text": "correctly, you can verify the integrity"}, {"end": "01:38:30", "start": "01:38:27", "text": "of the system as a whole. This is a"}, {"end": "01:38:33", "start": "01:38:29", "text": "property called inclusive"}, {"end": "01:38:35", "start": "01:38:30", "text": "accountability. So, and we lack this in"}, {"end": "01:38:37", "start": "01:38:33", "text": "most infrastructure. Everything is trust"}, {"end": "01:38:40", "start": "01:38:35", "text": "me, bro. So, why is the money in your"}, {"end": "01:38:42", "start": "01:38:37", "text": "bank the way it is? Well, that's JP"}, {"end": "01:38:44", "start": "01:38:40", "text": "Morgan Chase's uh ledger or Bank of"}, {"end": "01:38:46", "start": "01:38:42", "text": "America's ledger or something like that."}, {"end": "01:38:48", "start": "01:38:44", "text": "And there's a loose consensus amongst"}, {"end": "01:38:50", "start": "01:38:46", "text": "all the different banks that the ledgers"}, {"end": "01:38:52", "start": "01:38:48", "text": "are accurate, but at the end of the day,"}, {"end": "01:38:54", "start": "01:38:50", "text": "there's no like mutable law of physics"}, {"end": "01:38:57", "start": "01:38:52", "text": "that says the number you see on the"}, {"end": "01:38:59", "start": "01:38:54", "text": "screen is actually an accurate number,"}, {"end": "01:39:01", "start": "01:38:57", "text": "right? So with a system that's"}, {"end": "01:39:03", "start": "01:38:59", "text": "conclusively accountable, any user of"}, {"end": "01:39:05", "start": "01:39:01", "text": "the system has enough information to"}, {"end": "01:39:07", "start": "01:39:03", "text": "reconstruct the entire history of the"}, {"end": "01:39:10", "start": "01:39:05", "text": "system and verify that that state is"}, {"end": "01:39:12", "start": "01:39:07", "text": "correct that they're looking at Bitcoin."}, {"end": "01:39:15", "start": "01:39:10", "text": "Every transaction that's happened since"}, {"end": "01:39:17", "start": "01:39:12", "text": "January 3rd, 2009. Same for Cardano when"}, {"end": "01:39:19", "start": "01:39:15", "text": "it launched is verifiable. Meaning you"}, {"end": "01:39:20", "start": "01:39:17", "text": "can start at the very beginning and go"}, {"end": "01:39:22", "start": "01:39:19", "text": "through the entire history of the"}, {"end": "01:39:24", "start": "01:39:20", "text": "system. And at the tip of the system,"}, {"end": "01:39:28", "start": "01:39:22", "text": "what's going on today here in June of"}, {"end": "01:39:30", "start": "01:39:24", "text": "2025, you'll be able to see that that"}, {"end": "01:39:31", "start": "01:39:28", "text": "transaction is connected to a chain of"}, {"end": "01:39:35", "start": "01:39:30", "text": "events all the way back to the"}, {"end": "01:39:37", "start": "01:39:31", "text": "beginning. So inclusive accountability"}, {"end": "01:39:38", "start": "01:39:35", "text": "is super powerful, but super expensive"}, {"end": "01:39:40", "start": "01:39:37", "text": "to maintain. It's very hard and there's"}, {"end": "01:39:42", "start": "01:39:38", "text": "a lot of work you have to do to have it."}, {"end": "01:39:44", "start": "01:39:40", "text": "But if you have it, it means you can"}, {"end": "01:39:46", "start": "01:39:42", "text": "have self integrity. You personally can"}, {"end": "01:39:47", "start": "01:39:44", "text": "verify with your computer that the"}, {"end": "01:39:48", "start": "01:39:46", "text": "system that you're looking at, the"}, {"end": "01:39:50", "start": "01:39:47", "text": "history that you're looking at is"}, {"end": "01:39:52", "start": "01:39:48", "text": "correct by its construction. This is why"}, {"end": "01:39:55", "start": "01:39:50", "text": "it's so seductive to try to build a"}, {"end": "01:39:56", "start": "01:39:52", "text": "voting system on a blockchain system."}, {"end": "01:39:58", "start": "01:39:55", "text": "Then there's the question you ask of the"}, {"end": "01:40:00", "start": "01:39:56", "text": "on andoff ramp. So what does the user"}, {"end": "01:40:02", "start": "01:39:58", "text": "experience look like? How do I"}, {"end": "01:40:04", "start": "01:40:00", "text": "personally do that? Okay. Well, you'd"}, {"end": "01:40:05", "start": "01:40:02", "text": "have your phone or your computer and the"}, {"end": "01:40:08", "start": "01:40:04", "text": "same way you would send a cryptocurrency"}, {"end": "01:40:10", "start": "01:40:05", "text": "is the same way you would vote. So you'd"}, {"end": "01:40:11", "start": "01:40:08", "text": "vote with your phone or an app. Now a"}, {"end": "01:40:14", "start": "01:40:10", "text": "lot of people say, \"Well, I don't know."}, {"end": "01:40:15", "start": "01:40:11", "text": "My phone can get hacked or, you know,"}, {"end": "01:40:16", "start": "01:40:14", "text": "there can be a problem with it.\" So a"}, {"end": "01:40:18", "start": "01:40:15", "text": "lot of people what they want to do are"}, {"end": "01:40:20", "start": "01:40:16", "text": "what are called hybrid systems where"}, {"end": "01:40:22", "start": "01:40:18", "text": "they have a paper component and they"}, {"end": "01:40:24", "start": "01:40:20", "text": "have a digital component. So you vote"}, {"end": "01:40:27", "start": "01:40:22", "text": "with the blockchain on your phone and"}, {"end": "01:40:28", "start": "01:40:24", "text": "then it generates a paper vote at the"}, {"end": "01:40:30", "start": "01:40:27", "text": "same time or you vote with paper and"}, {"end": "01:40:32", "start": "01:40:28", "text": "then it generates a blockchain record at"}, {"end": "01:40:35", "start": "01:40:30", "text": "the same time. Then you have a dual"}, {"end": "01:40:37", "start": "01:40:32", "text": "audit. The votes have to match. So you"}, {"end": "01:40:38", "start": "01:40:35", "text": "count all the paper, you count all the"}, {"end": "01:40:40", "start": "01:40:37", "text": "digital votes. There should be a"}, {"end": "01:40:41", "start": "01:40:38", "text": "onetoone correspondence between those"}, {"end": "01:40:43", "start": "01:40:40", "text": "two sides. And they're different"}, {"end": "01:40:45", "start": "01:40:41", "text": "modalities. one is a digital modality"}, {"end": "01:40:47", "start": "01:40:43", "text": "and the other one's a paper modality you"}, {"end": "01:40:48", "start": "01:40:45", "text": "know so to hack them you have to use"}, {"end": "01:40:50", "start": "01:40:47", "text": "fundamentally different social"}, {"end": "01:40:53", "start": "01:40:48", "text": "engineering for both of these types of"}, {"end": "01:40:55", "start": "01:40:50", "text": "things now every election has other"}, {"end": "01:40:57", "start": "01:40:53", "text": "properties too like how frequently do"}, {"end": "01:41:00", "start": "01:40:55", "text": "you do an election what's the cost of"}, {"end": "01:41:02", "start": "01:40:57", "text": "running the election the ballot access"}, {"end": "01:41:03", "start": "01:41:00", "text": "is also very important in fact um you"}, {"end": "01:41:06", "start": "01:41:02", "text": "know Stalin used to say it doesn't"}, {"end": "01:41:07", "start": "01:41:03", "text": "matter uh you know who gets the vote it"}, {"end": "01:41:09", "start": "01:41:06", "text": "matters who counts the votes and what do"}, {"end": "01:41:11", "start": "01:41:07", "text": "you vote on so if there's only one"}, {"end": "01:41:12", "start": "01:41:09", "text": "candidate on the ballot you're always"}, {"end": "01:41:14", "start": "01:41:11", "text": "going to end up with Kim Jong on, you"}, {"end": "01:41:17", "start": "01:41:12", "text": "know, you always end up with the guy."}, {"end": "01:41:18", "start": "01:41:14", "text": "Um, so, uh, who gets to be on that"}, {"end": "01:41:20", "start": "01:41:17", "text": "ballot and what are the inclusion"}, {"end": "01:41:21", "start": "01:41:18", "text": "exclusion principles of this and this is"}, {"end": "01:41:24", "start": "01:41:20", "text": "how third parties are excluded in the"}, {"end": "01:41:27", "start": "01:41:21", "text": "United States amongst other places. And"}, {"end": "01:41:29", "start": "01:41:24", "text": "then, um, when and how is the counting"}, {"end": "01:41:31", "start": "01:41:27", "text": "and tallying done? The blockchain system"}, {"end": "01:41:33", "start": "01:41:29", "text": "will take care of the tallying and also"}, {"end": "01:41:35", "start": "01:41:31", "text": "you can program any ballot architecture"}, {"end": "01:41:37", "start": "01:41:33", "text": "that you want inside that type of system"}, {"end": "01:41:39", "start": "01:41:35", "text": "because there's no cost on a digital"}, {"end": "01:41:42", "start": "01:41:37", "text": "side to have a million candidates in the"}, {"end": "01:41:43", "start": "01:41:39", "text": "system. the paper side there is. So"}, {"end": "01:41:45", "start": "01:41:42", "text": "that's one of the excuses they use to"}, {"end": "01:41:47", "start": "01:41:43", "text": "exclude people unless they sign hundreds"}, {"end": "01:41:49", "start": "01:41:45", "text": "of thousands of signatures and things"}, {"end": "01:41:51", "start": "01:41:47", "text": "like that is that they'll say, well, you"}, {"end": "01:41:52", "start": "01:41:49", "text": "know, we can't print, you know, 5,000"}, {"end": "01:41:54", "start": "01:41:51", "text": "people on the ballot. It'd be"}, {"end": "01:41:56", "start": "01:41:52", "text": "prohibitively expensive to print like 40"}, {"end": "01:41:58", "start": "01:41:54", "text": "pages times 5 million, you know,"}, {"end": "01:42:02", "start": "01:41:56", "text": "something like that. It doesn't make"}, {"end": "01:42:03", "start": "01:41:58", "text": "sense. So in your trade-off profile,"}, {"end": "01:42:05", "start": "01:42:02", "text": "could you just write in a name? You"}, {"end": "01:42:06", "start": "01:42:03", "text": "could. And that's not have anybody on"}, {"end": "01:42:08", "start": "01:42:05", "text": "it, but that's always available in all"}, {"end": "01:42:11", "start": "01:42:06", "text": "ballots, right? there's the right in"}, {"end": "01:42:13", "start": "01:42:08", "text": "spot that they have, you know, and but"}, {"end": "01:42:15", "start": "01:42:11", "text": "uh that's disenfranchising because, you"}, {"end": "01:42:16", "start": "01:42:13", "text": "know, to vote for Bob, you just fill in"}, {"end": "01:42:18", "start": "01:42:15", "text": "a circle. To vote for Bill, you have to"}, {"end": "01:42:20", "start": "01:42:16", "text": "remember his last name, you know, and"}, {"end": "01:42:21", "start": "01:42:18", "text": "what if he has like Schwarzenegger as"}, {"end": "01:42:23", "start": "01:42:20", "text": "his last name or like who's going to"}, {"end": "01:42:25", "start": "01:42:21", "text": "spell that right, you know, and all"}, {"end": "01:42:27", "start": "01:42:23", "text": "these things. So, it's it's the more"}, {"end": "01:42:29", "start": "01:42:25", "text": "your job that would be your job as the"}, {"end": "01:42:30", "start": "01:42:27", "text": "candidate to make sure that that is"}, {"end": "01:42:32", "start": "01:42:29", "text": "addressed. Yeah. You give a stamp,"}, {"end": "01:42:34", "start": "01:42:30", "text": "right? Here's here's the Schwarzenegger"}, {"end": "01:42:36", "start": "01:42:32", "text": "stamp. In fact, they used to do that,"}, {"end": "01:42:39", "start": "01:42:34", "text": "you know, they called it down ticket. Uh"}, {"end": "01:42:41", "start": "01:42:36", "text": "so uh in the 19th century when voter"}, {"end": "01:42:44", "start": "01:42:39", "text": "laws were a little looser uh people"}, {"end": "01:42:45", "start": "01:42:41", "text": "would print out ballots with the entire"}, {"end": "01:42:46", "start": "01:42:44", "text": "stuff already pre-filled out and they"}, {"end": "01:42:48", "start": "01:42:45", "text": "would hand it to people as they're"}, {"end": "01:42:50", "start": "01:42:46", "text": "walking to the polling thing. So they"}, {"end": "01:42:52", "start": "01:42:48", "text": "say a down ticket candidate meant that"}, {"end": "01:42:54", "start": "01:42:50", "text": "the whole party was on one ballot and so"}, {"end": "01:42:55", "start": "01:42:52", "text": "all the Republicans would be on it or"}, {"end": "01:42:57", "start": "01:42:54", "text": "all the Democrats run here's your"}, {"end": "01:42:58", "start": "01:42:55", "text": "pre-filled ballot just go and drop it in"}, {"end": "01:43:00", "start": "01:42:57", "text": "the box. And they would stand outside"}, {"end": "01:43:02", "start": "01:42:58", "text": "the polling places and hand people that."}, {"end": "01:43:03", "start": "01:43:00", "text": "And they'd also bribe people too. They'd"}, {"end": "01:43:05", "start": "01:43:02", "text": "be like hey you want a drink? you know,"}, {"end": "01:43:07", "start": "01:43:03", "text": "like you have to take this and put it in"}, {"end": "01:43:09", "start": "01:43:05", "text": "the box if I give you a beer. Okay? It's"}, {"end": "01:43:12", "start": "01:43:07", "text": "like all kinds of dirty stuff happens in"}, {"end": "01:43:14", "start": "01:43:09", "text": "elections. So, you know, it at the very"}, {"end": "01:43:15", "start": "01:43:12", "text": "least having the digital side to replace"}, {"end": "01:43:17", "start": "01:43:14", "text": "mail-in ballots makes a lot of sense to"}, {"end": "01:43:19", "start": "01:43:15", "text": "me because I I hate mail-in ballots."}, {"end": "01:43:21", "start": "01:43:17", "text": "It's one of the worst ways of voting."}, {"end": "01:43:24", "start": "01:43:19", "text": "You don't have a chain of custody of the"}, {"end": "01:43:26", "start": "01:43:21", "text": "ballot. You send it out over the open"}, {"end": "01:43:27", "start": "01:43:24", "text": "mail. You have no idea who's actually"}, {"end": "01:43:30", "start": "01:43:26", "text": "filling in the bubbles. And also, you"}, {"end": "01:43:31", "start": "01:43:27", "text": "can sell your vote very easily cuz you"}, {"end": "01:43:33", "start": "01:43:30", "text": "just hand the ballot to the person who's"}, {"end": "01:43:34", "start": "01:43:31", "text": "buying the vote. they can fill in all"}, {"end": "01:43:35", "start": "01:43:33", "text": "the bubbles and you sign it. They're"}, {"end": "01:43:37", "start": "01:43:34", "text": "like, \"Oh, that's fraud.\" It's like,"}, {"end": "01:43:39", "start": "01:43:35", "text": "\"Who's going to know?\" And the other"}, {"end": "01:43:40", "start": "01:43:37", "text": "thing is compromised people. You can do"}, {"end": "01:43:42", "start": "01:43:39", "text": "bundling. You can just go to an old"}, {"end": "01:43:44", "start": "01:43:40", "text": "folks home and register hundreds or"}, {"end": "01:43:46", "start": "01:43:42", "text": "thousands of people in an area and"}, {"end": "01:43:47", "start": "01:43:44", "text": "they're all mentally compromised and"}, {"end": "01:43:48", "start": "01:43:46", "text": "then the ballots show up because they"}, {"end": "01:43:50", "start": "01:43:47", "text": "have a legal right to vote. You can't"}, {"end": "01:43:52", "start": "01:43:48", "text": "exclude them and then you can just fill"}, {"end": "01:43:53", "start": "01:43:50", "text": "the ballots all in and then do a drop in"}, {"end": "01:43:55", "start": "01:43:52", "text": "the middle of the night for people. So,"}, {"end": "01:43:57", "start": "01:43:53", "text": "it's a horrifically insecure system."}, {"end": "01:43:58", "start": "01:43:55", "text": "When you really start thinking about all"}, {"end": "01:43:59", "start": "01:43:57", "text": "the things that could go wrong and they"}, {"end": "01:44:01", "start": "01:43:58", "text": "say, \"Oh, they're going to do signature"}, {"end": "01:44:02", "start": "01:43:59", "text": "verification.\" It's like that never"}, {"end": "01:44:04", "start": "01:44:01", "text": "really works. It's not a digital"}, {"end": "01:44:06", "start": "01:44:02", "text": "signature. It's you just sign it like"}, {"end": "01:44:08", "start": "01:44:04", "text": "how many are actually rejected inside"}, {"end": "01:44:11", "start": "01:44:06", "text": "these types of things. So building"}, {"end": "01:44:12", "start": "01:44:08", "text": "voting systems I I like the idea of of"}, {"end": "01:44:15", "start": "01:44:11", "text": "preserving inclusive accountability"}, {"end": "01:44:17", "start": "01:44:12", "text": "allowing you to check your own vote and"}, {"end": "01:44:19", "start": "01:44:15", "text": "also you have to have a strong digital"}, {"end": "01:44:21", "start": "01:44:17", "text": "ID system for it. Then 95% of the"}, {"end": "01:44:23", "start": "01:44:19", "text": "integrity issues are probably gone. And"}, {"end": "01:44:25", "start": "01:44:21", "text": "if it's on blockchain infrastructure you"}, {"end": "01:44:26", "start": "01:44:23", "text": "have that inclusive accountability. You"}, {"end": "01:44:28", "start": "01:44:25", "text": "know the system as a whole is properly"}, {"end": "01:44:29", "start": "01:44:26", "text": "constructed. And again, that smart cow"}, {"end": "01:44:32", "start": "01:44:28", "text": "effect that we were talking about"}, {"end": "01:44:34", "start": "01:44:29", "text": "earlier, once somebody has designed a"}, {"end": "01:44:37", "start": "01:44:32", "text": "secure voting system, it's free."}, {"end": "01:44:39", "start": "01:44:34", "text": "Everybody has access to that design of"}, {"end": "01:44:40", "start": "01:44:37", "text": "that secure voting system. So, what's"}, {"end": "01:44:43", "start": "01:44:39", "text": "nice about the cryptocurrency space is"}, {"end": "01:44:46", "start": "01:44:40", "text": "to vote on changes to cryptocurrencies"}, {"end": "01:44:48", "start": "01:44:43", "text": "like new monetary policy or upgrading"}, {"end": "01:44:51", "start": "01:44:46", "text": "the code or something like that. You're"}, {"end": "01:44:53", "start": "01:44:48", "text": "testing a voting system and the hacker"}, {"end": "01:44:54", "start": "01:44:51", "text": "has an incentive to try to break that to"}, {"end": "01:44:56", "start": "01:44:53", "text": "steal the money or damage the"}, {"end": "01:44:57", "start": "01:44:54", "text": "cryptocurrency. Because if you can"}, {"end": "01:44:59", "start": "01:44:56", "text": "damage a cryptocurrency, you can short"}, {"end": "01:45:00", "start": "01:44:57", "text": "sell it, right? You can go and say, \"I'm"}, {"end": "01:45:02", "start": "01:44:59", "text": "going to take all these short positions"}, {"end": "01:45:04", "start": "01:45:00", "text": "here and then I'll create grievous harm"}, {"end": "01:45:06", "start": "01:45:02", "text": "and then the value goes down and I make"}, {"end": "01:45:08", "start": "01:45:04", "text": "tons of money because I'm leveraging for"}, {"end": "01:45:10", "start": "01:45:06", "text": "it.\" So, everybody has a strong"}, {"end": "01:45:12", "start": "01:45:08", "text": "financial incentive to break your [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "01:45:14", "start": "01:45:10", "text": "Uh so, if you have that, that means that"}, {"end": "01:45:15", "start": "01:45:12", "text": "any voting system will be under extreme"}, {"end": "01:45:17", "start": "01:45:14", "text": "scrutiny by some of the world's greatest"}, {"end": "01:45:20", "start": "01:45:15", "text": "hackers. And if it stands the test of"}, {"end": "01:45:22", "start": "01:45:17", "text": "time, it has reliability and just like"}, {"end": "01:45:24", "start": "01:45:20", "text": "RSA does or elliptic curve crypto does,"}, {"end": "01:45:26", "start": "01:45:22", "text": "it's like the multi-deade reliability"}, {"end": "01:45:27", "start": "01:45:24", "text": "that you have. And then you could say,"}, {"end": "01:45:29", "start": "01:45:26", "text": "okay, that's a good voting system. And"}, {"end": "01:45:31", "start": "01:45:27", "text": "we can plop it down. Voting systems are"}, {"end": "01:45:33", "start": "01:45:29", "text": "also connected to demographics. You"}, {"end": "01:45:35", "start": "01:45:31", "text": "know, the older people may want to use"}, {"end": "01:45:37", "start": "01:45:33", "text": "paper. Younger people because they're"}, {"end": "01:45:39", "start": "01:45:35", "text": "natives on phones would want to use"}, {"end": "01:45:40", "start": "01:45:37", "text": "phones. By having a hybrid system, you"}, {"end": "01:45:42", "start": "01:45:39", "text": "accommodate basically both sides of the"}, {"end": "01:45:44", "start": "01:45:40", "text": "system. And and then uh they're also"}, {"end": "01:45:46", "start": "01:45:42", "text": "connected to frequency, like how often"}, {"end": "01:45:48", "start": "01:45:44", "text": "are you having an election. What's nice"}, {"end": "01:45:51", "start": "01:45:46", "text": "is by having a digital system, you can"}, {"end": "01:45:52", "start": "01:45:48", "text": "do digital only for preference polling."}, {"end": "01:45:54", "start": "01:45:51", "text": "So you can say things like, \"Hey, the"}, {"end": "01:45:56", "start": "01:45:52", "text": "Broncos just won the Super Bowl and"}, {"end": "01:45:58", "start": "01:45:54", "text": "citizens of Denver, we want to know when"}, {"end": "01:45:59", "start": "01:45:56", "text": "to do the parade. Do we do it on Tuesday"}, {"end": "01:46:02", "start": "01:45:58", "text": "or Thursday?\" So you can send to"}, {"end": "01:46:04", "start": "01:45:59", "text": "verified Denver residents a poll and"}, {"end": "01:46:06", "start": "01:46:02", "text": "actually get a vote that's statistically"}, {"end": "01:46:08", "start": "01:46:04", "text": "significant and actually almost like you"}, {"end": "01:46:09", "start": "01:46:06", "text": "ran an election and it cost you almost"}, {"end": "01:46:11", "start": "01:46:08", "text": "nothing to do because you have direct"}, {"end": "01:46:13", "start": "01:46:09", "text": "democracy. You can just push these"}, {"end": "01:46:14", "start": "01:46:11", "text": "things out. Um, and then you can start"}, {"end": "01:46:16", "start": "01:46:13", "text": "talking about more exotic forms like"}, {"end": "01:46:18", "start": "01:46:14", "text": "approval polls or things like that. If"}, {"end": "01:46:20", "start": "01:46:16", "text": "you say if the politician falls below a"}, {"end": "01:46:22", "start": "01:46:18", "text": "certain approval rating for a protracted"}, {"end": "01:46:25", "start": "01:46:20", "text": "period of time, there's automatically a"}, {"end": "01:46:27", "start": "01:46:22", "text": "recall election or they get suspended"}, {"end": "01:46:28", "start": "01:46:25", "text": "until they can get above that approval"}, {"end": "01:46:30", "start": "01:46:27", "text": "rating or something like that. So you"}, {"end": "01:46:32", "start": "01:46:28", "text": "can start thinking about much more"}, {"end": "01:46:33", "start": "01:46:30", "text": "granular representative democracy than"}, {"end": "01:46:36", "start": "01:46:32", "text": "just term-based representative"}, {"end": "01:46:38", "start": "01:46:33", "text": "democracy. This sounds amazing. I mean,"}, {"end": "01:46:40", "start": "01:46:36", "text": "is it is anybody close to implementing"}, {"end": "01:46:42", "start": "01:46:38", "text": "something like this? Any countries, any"}, {"end": "01:46:44", "start": "01:46:40", "text": "governments? Well, I like liquid"}, {"end": "01:46:46", "start": "01:46:42", "text": "feedback was used by the pirate party"}, {"end": "01:46:48", "start": "01:46:44", "text": "over in uh Sweden and um a lot of"}, {"end": "01:46:50", "start": "01:46:46", "text": "countries do do uh rank choice voting"}, {"end": "01:46:52", "start": "01:46:48", "text": "and other things like that and uh"}, {"end": "01:46:54", "start": "01:46:50", "text": "organizational design people have come"}, {"end": "01:46:57", "start": "01:46:52", "text": "up with all kinds of cool interesting"}, {"end": "01:47:00", "start": "01:46:54", "text": "voting systems but it's a field when you"}, {"end": "01:47:03", "start": "01:46:57", "text": "look at the nation state level that"}, {"end": "01:47:04", "start": "01:47:00", "text": "evolves very slowly years decades"}, {"end": "01:47:07", "start": "01:47:03", "text": "centuries and typically it evolves as a"}, {"end": "01:47:10", "start": "01:47:04", "text": "consequence of an invasion a collapse a"}, {"end": "01:47:12", "start": "01:47:07", "text": "calamity or a major scandal you tend not"}, {"end": "01:47:14", "start": "01:47:10", "text": "to change social infrastructure until"}, {"end": "01:47:17", "start": "01:47:12", "text": "social infrastructure becomes"}, {"end": "01:47:19", "start": "01:47:14", "text": "inconvenient for some reason. Um and in"}, {"end": "01:47:20", "start": "01:47:17", "text": "many cases social infrastructure is"}, {"end": "01:47:23", "start": "01:47:19", "text": "unchanged even when it's inconvenient"}, {"end": "01:47:25", "start": "01:47:20", "text": "because it benefits an oligarchy inside"}, {"end": "01:47:26", "start": "01:47:23", "text": "the country like back to India and"}, {"end": "01:47:29", "start": "01:47:25", "text": "cryptocurrencies like why do they have"}, {"end": "01:47:30", "start": "01:47:26", "text": "the 1% tax and why do they not open up"}, {"end": "01:47:32", "start": "01:47:29", "text": "for remittances even though it would be"}, {"end": "01:47:33", "start": "01:47:30", "text": "wonderful for them because of these"}, {"end": "01:47:35", "start": "01:47:32", "text": "large companies that make all this money"}, {"end": "01:47:39", "start": "01:47:33", "text": "by being middlemen to prevent those"}, {"end": "01:47:40", "start": "01:47:35", "text": "remittances for coming in. So, uh, we"}, {"end": "01:47:42", "start": "01:47:39", "text": "have a unique opportunity in the United"}, {"end": "01:47:43", "start": "01:47:40", "text": "States because Trump really does want to"}, {"end": "01:47:45", "start": "01:47:42", "text": "change the voting system and make it"}, {"end": "01:47:48", "start": "01:47:43", "text": "more secure and US government is bracing"}, {"end": "01:47:50", "start": "01:47:45", "text": "blockchain and currency technology. But"}, {"end": "01:47:51", "start": "01:47:48", "text": "again, you can't just talk about voting."}, {"end": "01:47:52", "start": "01:47:50", "text": "You have to talk about the digital"}, {"end": "01:47:54", "start": "01:47:51", "text": "infrastructure. And there's a whole"}, {"end": "01:47:55", "start": "01:47:52", "text": "different house of concepts there. And"}, {"end": "01:47:57", "start": "01:47:54", "text": "there's a whole different house of"}, {"end": "01:47:58", "start": "01:47:55", "text": "actors you're going to piss off by"}, {"end": "01:48:00", "start": "01:47:57", "text": "changing this type of stuff because you"}, {"end": "01:48:03", "start": "01:47:58", "text": "don't just talk about identity. You talk"}, {"end": "01:48:05", "start": "01:48:00", "text": "about identity and the metadata behind"}, {"end": "01:48:07", "start": "01:48:03", "text": "the identity. And you talk about"}, {"end": "01:48:09", "start": "01:48:05", "text": "reputation behind the identity because"}, {"end": "01:48:12", "start": "01:48:07", "text": "identity has two major families of"}, {"end": "01:48:15", "start": "01:48:09", "text": "things. One is facts and the other's"}, {"end": "01:48:19", "start": "01:48:12", "text": "opinions. So facts are things like I was"}, {"end": "01:48:21", "start": "01:48:15", "text": "born November 5th, 1987 in Maui, Hawaii."}, {"end": "01:48:23", "start": "01:48:19", "text": "That's a fact. It happened. It's either"}, {"end": "01:48:25", "start": "01:48:21", "text": "true or false. Uh or you know I attended"}, {"end": "01:48:27", "start": "01:48:23", "text": "this school or you know you're a Navy"}, {"end": "01:48:29", "start": "01:48:25", "text": "Seal and you certain Buds class and all"}, {"end": "01:48:31", "start": "01:48:27", "text": "these things. Those are facts. Either"}, {"end": "01:48:33", "start": "01:48:29", "text": "they happened or not. Opinions are like"}, {"end": "01:48:34", "start": "01:48:31", "text": "you were a good Navy Seal versus a bad"}, {"end": "01:48:36", "start": "01:48:33", "text": "Navy Seal, right? Everybody has an"}, {"end": "01:48:39", "start": "01:48:34", "text": "opinion on these things. You know, I got"}, {"end": "01:48:41", "start": "01:48:36", "text": "a team six guy on my security detail and"}, {"end": "01:48:43", "start": "01:48:39", "text": "you know, he he thinks that certain"}, {"end": "01:48:45", "start": "01:48:41", "text": "prominent seals are overrated. You know,"}, {"end": "01:48:47", "start": "01:48:43", "text": "he's like every seal's got these"}, {"end": "01:48:49", "start": "01:48:45", "text": "opinions, right? And I won't say which"}, {"end": "01:48:53", "start": "01:48:47", "text": "ones, right? But but you you get the"}, {"end": "01:48:55", "start": "01:48:49", "text": "idea. Um so opinions are always"}, {"end": "01:48:58", "start": "01:48:53", "text": "referential. So it's not just the"}, {"end": "01:49:00", "start": "01:48:55", "text": "opinion, but the opinion holder. So when"}, {"end": "01:49:02", "start": "01:48:58", "text": "they say, \"Well, that guy who thinks"}, {"end": "01:49:04", "start": "01:49:00", "text": "that person's overrated, well, well, who"}, {"end": "01:49:06", "start": "01:49:02", "text": "is he?\" Oh, he was team six guy. I Oh,"}, {"end": "01:49:08", "start": "01:49:04", "text": "okay. That's pretty credible, you know,"}, {"end": "01:49:09", "start": "01:49:06", "text": "like at least he's like he's he's in the"}, {"end": "01:49:12", "start": "01:49:08", "text": "club. He he's allowed to have that"}, {"end": "01:49:14", "start": "01:49:09", "text": "opinion. Just a fat dude at the bar, you"}, {"end": "01:49:16", "start": "01:49:12", "text": "know, never never done anything in his"}, {"end": "01:49:18", "start": "01:49:14", "text": "life. It's like, [\u00a0__\u00a0] you, man. Get the"}, {"end": "01:49:20", "start": "01:49:16", "text": "hell out of here. Right. So, so it's"}, {"end": "01:49:22", "start": "01:49:18", "text": "always referential to the opinion"}, {"end": "01:49:24", "start": "01:49:20", "text": "holder. Facts are not referential."}, {"end": "01:49:25", "start": "01:49:22", "text": "They're objective reality. Well,"}, {"end": "01:49:28", "start": "01:49:24", "text": "identity is one of those few things that"}, {"end": "01:49:29", "start": "01:49:25", "text": "embed both of those things. We are a"}, {"end": "01:49:32", "start": "01:49:28", "text": "composition of objective reality and"}, {"end": "01:49:33", "start": "01:49:29", "text": "subjective opinions. Well, this is"}, {"end": "01:49:37", "start": "01:49:32", "text": "important because we have to make"}, {"end": "01:49:41", "start": "01:49:33", "text": "decisions about trust relationships. So,"}, {"end": "01:49:43", "start": "01:49:37", "text": "uh, do I give you a loan or not? Do I"}, {"end": "01:49:46", "start": "01:49:41", "text": "admit you to this university or not? Do"}, {"end": "01:49:48", "start": "01:49:43", "text": "I let you into special forces or not? Do"}, {"end": "01:49:51", "start": "01:49:46", "text": "I let you go to the Q course or Ranger"}, {"end": "01:49:53", "start": "01:49:48", "text": "school or whatever? Um, or, you know, do"}, {"end": "01:49:55", "start": "01:49:51", "text": "I trust you with my children? And what's"}, {"end": "01:49:57", "start": "01:49:53", "text": "interesting is you could have this weird"}, {"end": "01:49:59", "start": "01:49:55", "text": "paradox where you could be both"}, {"end": "01:50:02", "start": "01:49:57", "text": "completely unreliable and hyper reliable"}, {"end": "01:50:05", "start": "01:49:59", "text": "at the same time. So I may trust you to"}, {"end": "01:50:07", "start": "01:50:02", "text": "be a special warfare guy and go and life"}, {"end": "01:50:09", "start": "01:50:05", "text": "and death missions and you know be with"}, {"end": "01:50:12", "start": "01:50:07", "text": "the friends but not trust you with my"}, {"end": "01:50:13", "start": "01:50:09", "text": "doc. It's weird right? But there's"}, {"end": "01:50:15", "start": "01:50:12", "text": "probably some intersection point that"}, {"end": "01:50:19", "start": "01:50:13", "text": "somebody listening will say yeah I know"}, {"end": "01:50:20", "start": "01:50:15", "text": "that guy right and so uh identity embeds"}, {"end": "01:50:22", "start": "01:50:19", "text": "both these things and so the first thing"}, {"end": "01:50:24", "start": "01:50:20", "text": "that we did as an industry is we we said"}, {"end": "01:50:26", "start": "01:50:22", "text": "is there a path where we can reimagine"}, {"end": "01:50:28", "start": "01:50:24", "text": "the representation of identity where"}, {"end": "01:50:31", "start": "01:50:26", "text": "both these things are first class"}, {"end": "01:50:33", "start": "01:50:28", "text": "citizens. So the W3C is a standards body"}, {"end": "01:50:35", "start": "01:50:31", "text": "and it standardizes things like HTML and"}, {"end": "01:50:37", "start": "01:50:33", "text": "CSS or the presentation layer of the"}, {"end": "01:50:38", "start": "01:50:35", "text": "internet. They actually had a working"}, {"end": "01:50:40", "start": "01:50:37", "text": "group that people worked on for more"}, {"end": "01:50:42", "start": "01:50:38", "text": "than 10 years and they created an open"}, {"end": "01:50:44", "start": "01:50:40", "text": "standard called the DID, the"}, {"end": "01:50:46", "start": "01:50:42", "text": "decentralized identifier. And what the"}, {"end": "01:50:49", "start": "01:50:44", "text": "DID is is basically like a like a web"}, {"end": "01:50:52", "start": "01:50:46", "text": "address for you. And so it has the URL,"}, {"end": "01:50:53", "start": "01:50:49", "text": "the web address, and then the web page,"}, {"end": "01:50:56", "start": "01:50:52", "text": "which is the DID document, which is all"}, {"end": "01:50:58", "start": "01:50:53", "text": "that metadata, which embeds both the"}, {"end": "01:51:00", "start": "01:50:56", "text": "facts and also it can embed the"}, {"end": "01:51:02", "start": "01:50:58", "text": "opinions. And it's built on the same"}, {"end": "01:51:03", "start": "01:51:00", "text": "technology as cryptocurrency concepts."}, {"end": "01:51:05", "start": "01:51:02", "text": "So it's public private keys, these types"}, {"end": "01:51:06", "start": "01:51:03", "text": "of things. So there's a part you show"}, {"end": "01:51:08", "start": "01:51:05", "text": "everybody and you can have cryptography"}, {"end": "01:51:10", "start": "01:51:06", "text": "in it so you can prove it belongs to"}, {"end": "01:51:12", "start": "01:51:08", "text": "you. So it's a non-reputable identity."}, {"end": "01:51:14", "start": "01:51:10", "text": "Nobody can forge it. Well, it's so"}, {"end": "01:51:15", "start": "01:51:12", "text": "general that it works in the legacy"}, {"end": "01:51:17", "start": "01:51:14", "text": "world, but it also works in the"}, {"end": "01:51:19", "start": "01:51:15", "text": "blockchain world. It can be used for"}, {"end": "01:51:21", "start": "01:51:17", "text": "access control like logging into a"}, {"end": "01:51:23", "start": "01:51:19", "text": "website without a password. It can be"}, {"end": "01:51:24", "start": "01:51:21", "text": "used for a financial transaction and"}, {"end": "01:51:26", "start": "01:51:23", "text": "also with zero knowledge cryptography"}, {"end": "01:51:28", "start": "01:51:24", "text": "like that ID thing we were talking about"}, {"end": "01:51:29", "start": "01:51:26", "text": "earlier where I can prove my age without"}, {"end": "01:51:31", "start": "01:51:28", "text": "revealing my age. You know, I can prove"}, {"end": "01:51:33", "start": "01:51:29", "text": "I'm over a threshold. It works with that"}, {"end": "01:51:35", "start": "01:51:31", "text": "as well. So this is a new identity"}, {"end": "01:51:37", "start": "01:51:33", "text": "primitive. And there's a broader concept"}, {"end": "01:51:39", "start": "01:51:35", "text": "called SSI, self- sovereign identity,"}, {"end": "01:51:41", "start": "01:51:37", "text": "meaning you own it. So it doesn't belong"}, {"end": "01:51:43", "start": "01:51:39", "text": "to Microsoft and it doesn't belong to"}, {"end": "01:51:44", "start": "01:51:41", "text": "Google or the US government. You can"}, {"end": "01:51:46", "start": "01:51:43", "text": "create this dead and build a reputation"}, {"end": "01:51:49", "start": "01:51:44", "text": "around it and get third parties to"}, {"end": "01:51:51", "start": "01:51:46", "text": "verify facts about you, but it's your"}, {"end": "01:51:52", "start": "01:51:49", "text": "credential. So, it's censorship"}, {"end": "01:51:53", "start": "01:51:51", "text": "resistant because here's the problem"}, {"end": "01:51:55", "start": "01:51:52", "text": "with an identity system. What if your"}, {"end": "01:51:57", "start": "01:51:53", "text": "passport's revoked? Or what if your"}, {"end": "01:51:59", "start": "01:51:55", "text": "identity documents are invalidated? It's"}, {"end": "01:52:00", "start": "01:51:57", "text": "like everybody that serves the military"}, {"end": "01:52:02", "start": "01:51:59", "text": "like what if there's an inaccuracy on"}, {"end": "01:52:04", "start": "01:52:00", "text": "the DD214 or something like that. It's"}, {"end": "01:52:05", "start": "01:52:02", "text": "like, well, I served here and I did this"}, {"end": "01:52:08", "start": "01:52:04", "text": "and this. Well, it didn't say that on"}, {"end": "01:52:10", "start": "01:52:05", "text": "the documents. Sorry, bro. It's like you"}, {"end": "01:52:11", "start": "01:52:08", "text": "you were not an 18 Delta and it's but I"}, {"end": "01:52:13", "start": "01:52:10", "text": "was. says like, \"Well, the document"}, {"end": "01:52:15", "start": "01:52:11", "text": "doesn't say it, but what if you own that"}, {"end": "01:52:17", "start": "01:52:13", "text": "document and you can self-verify these"}, {"end": "01:52:19", "start": "01:52:15", "text": "types of things? There's a path to do"}, {"end": "01:52:21", "start": "01:52:17", "text": "these things.\" Well, then if there's a"}, {"end": "01:52:23", "start": "01:52:19", "text": "bureaucratic miff, it doesn't have any"}, {"end": "01:52:24", "start": "01:52:21", "text": "consequences because you actually have"}, {"end": "01:52:26", "start": "01:52:23", "text": "the underlying evidence and the"}, {"end": "01:52:27", "start": "01:52:24", "text": "signatures from the entities where and"}, {"end": "01:52:30", "start": "01:52:26", "text": "when it happened for these types of"}, {"end": "01:52:32", "start": "01:52:27", "text": "things. So, uh, digital identity is very"}, {"end": "01:52:34", "start": "01:52:30", "text": "closely related to all these different"}, {"end": "01:52:36", "start": "01:52:32", "text": "things, whether it be voting or money."}, {"end": "01:52:38", "start": "01:52:34", "text": "In the money case, ID and money come"}, {"end": "01:52:41", "start": "01:52:36", "text": "together and we call that compliance."}, {"end": "01:52:44", "start": "01:52:38", "text": "So, I give you a $100, no problem. I"}, {"end": "01:52:46", "start": "01:52:41", "text": "give you a million dollars. Who who who"}, {"end": "01:52:48", "start": "01:52:44", "text": "is Charles? Know your customer,"}, {"end": "01:52:49", "start": "01:52:46", "text": "anti-money lottery, anti-terrorism,"}, {"end": "01:52:51", "start": "01:52:48", "text": "these things. There's this wonderful"}, {"end": "01:52:53", "start": "01:52:49", "text": "book from Ron Sarat called Treasuries"}, {"end": "01:52:55", "start": "01:52:51", "text": "War, and it says, \"Hey, the Giwa wasn't"}, {"end": "01:52:57", "start": "01:52:53", "text": "just fought on a battlefield. It was"}, {"end": "01:52:58", "start": "01:52:55", "text": "fought by accountants. there was all"}, {"end": "01:53:00", "start": "01:52:57", "text": "these guys at the banks and the"}, {"end": "01:53:03", "start": "01:52:58", "text": "financial institutions and they created"}, {"end": "01:53:05", "start": "01:53:00", "text": "this huge anti-terrorist layer and they"}, {"end": "01:53:06", "start": "01:53:03", "text": "were monitoring transactions to try to"}, {"end": "01:53:08", "start": "01:53:05", "text": "understand how does ISIS get its money"}, {"end": "01:53:12", "start": "01:53:06", "text": "and how does al-Qaeda get its money. Um,"}, {"end": "01:53:15", "start": "01:53:08", "text": "and so they got a a very pervasive and"}, {"end": "01:53:17", "start": "01:53:12", "text": "aggressive understanding of of basically"}, {"end": "01:53:19", "start": "01:53:15", "text": "how money flows and who was sending the"}, {"end": "01:53:20", "start": "01:53:17", "text": "money and these types of things. But"}, {"end": "01:53:22", "start": "01:53:19", "text": "inadvertently in the process of doing"}, {"end": "01:53:25", "start": "01:53:20", "text": "that they removed any notion of privacy"}, {"end": "01:53:26", "start": "01:53:22", "text": "from the system. And it's very"}, {"end": "01:53:28", "start": "01:53:25", "text": "uncomfortable because now that a policy"}, {"end": "01:53:31", "start": "01:53:26", "text": "maker knows who's sending money where"}, {"end": "01:53:34", "start": "01:53:28", "text": "what I also know like you buy guns or I"}, {"end": "01:53:35", "start": "01:53:31", "text": "also know you voted you giving money to"}, {"end": "01:53:37", "start": "01:53:34", "text": "this politician or you know I also know"}, {"end": "01:53:39", "start": "01:53:35", "text": "that you know you have land in a certain"}, {"end": "01:53:41", "start": "01:53:37", "text": "area or you have certain preferences."}, {"end": "01:53:42", "start": "01:53:39", "text": "Well, if I'm against that preference set"}, {"end": "01:53:44", "start": "01:53:41", "text": "or I think that's politically"}, {"end": "01:53:46", "start": "01:53:42", "text": "inconvenient to me, I can now use that"}, {"end": "01:53:48", "start": "01:53:44", "text": "information to weaponize it and go"}, {"end": "01:53:51", "start": "01:53:46", "text": "against you and politically censor you"}, {"end": "01:53:53", "start": "01:53:48", "text": "or you know harm you with soft power. So"}, {"end": "01:53:55", "start": "01:53:51", "text": "you really want to try to preserve some"}, {"end": "01:53:57", "start": "01:53:53", "text": "sense of anonymity inside the system if"}, {"end": "01:53:58", "start": "01:53:55", "text": "you can get away with it. So the great"}, {"end": "01:54:00", "start": "01:53:57", "text": "part about reconstructing digital"}, {"end": "01:54:03", "start": "01:53:58", "text": "identity is that you can have safety but"}, {"end": "01:54:06", "start": "01:54:00", "text": "anonymity. I can prove that you're a US"}, {"end": "01:54:08", "start": "01:54:03", "text": "citizen or prove that you are a credit"}, {"end": "01:54:09", "start": "01:54:06", "text": "investor or prove that you're over an"}, {"end": "01:54:11", "start": "01:54:08", "text": "age or you meet the suitability"}, {"end": "01:54:13", "start": "01:54:09", "text": "guideline. Like here's a great example."}, {"end": "01:54:17", "start": "01:54:11", "text": "You have all these guys running around"}, {"end": "01:54:19", "start": "01:54:13", "text": "who hold top secret clearances like SCI"}, {"end": "01:54:21", "start": "01:54:17", "text": "to the [\u00a0__\u00a0] nines, you know? They"}, {"end": "01:54:22", "start": "01:54:19", "text": "they know special access program this"}, {"end": "01:54:24", "start": "01:54:21", "text": "that and the other. So they're literally"}, {"end": "01:54:25", "start": "01:54:22", "text": "the most trusted people that you can"}, {"end": "01:54:26", "start": "01:54:24", "text": "imagine. I mean the government knows"}, {"end": "01:54:28", "start": "01:54:25", "text": "what their colon looks like at this"}, {"end": "01:54:30", "start": "01:54:26", "text": "point and they do the adversarial"}, {"end": "01:54:32", "start": "01:54:28", "text": "polygraphs and all these other things."}, {"end": "01:54:33", "start": "01:54:30", "text": "But then when they go to the airport to"}, {"end": "01:54:36", "start": "01:54:32", "text": "stand in that security line they get"}, {"end": "01:54:39", "start": "01:54:33", "text": "molested by the you know the TSA guy cuz"}, {"end": "01:54:41", "start": "01:54:36", "text": "there's no interoperability between"}, {"end": "01:54:42", "start": "01:54:39", "text": "those trust systems. So on one hand we"}, {"end": "01:54:44", "start": "01:54:41", "text": "trust you with the nation's highest"}, {"end": "01:54:45", "start": "01:54:42", "text": "levels and secrets but on the other hand"}, {"end": "01:54:48", "start": "01:54:44", "text": "we don't know if you're going to bring a"}, {"end": "01:54:49", "start": "01:54:45", "text": "nail file on the plane. It's like it"}, {"end": "01:54:51", "start": "01:54:48", "text": "doesn't make any sense. But if you have"}, {"end": "01:54:52", "start": "01:54:49", "text": "a unified trust system with zero"}, {"end": "01:54:56", "start": "01:54:51", "text": "knowledge proofs, you can prove you're"}, {"end": "01:54:58", "start": "01:54:52", "text": "in the trusted category. The TSA guy has"}, {"end": "01:55:00", "start": "01:54:56", "text": "no idea why you're in that category. He"}, {"end": "01:55:02", "start": "01:54:58", "text": "doesn't know that you're secret squirrel"}, {"end": "01:55:04", "start": "01:55:00", "text": "dude doing crazy stuff and he just knows"}, {"end": "01:55:05", "start": "01:55:02", "text": "that you're in the trusted category and"}, {"end": "01:55:07", "start": "01:55:04", "text": "he doesn't get to molest you, you know,"}, {"end": "01:55:08", "start": "01:55:05", "text": "inside the line. And that's how it"}, {"end": "01:55:10", "start": "01:55:07", "text": "should work is that you have these"}, {"end": "01:55:12", "start": "01:55:08", "text": "proofs and so you have a DID, you have a"}, {"end": "01:55:14", "start": "01:55:10", "text": "did dock, it has all these identifiers."}, {"end": "01:55:15", "start": "01:55:12", "text": "Some are public and some are private."}, {"end": "01:55:17", "start": "01:55:14", "text": "You can have different DIDs for"}, {"end": "01:55:20", "start": "01:55:15", "text": "different personas. So you can have one"}, {"end": "01:55:22", "start": "01:55:17", "text": "did for an alias, maybe you're doing,"}, {"end": "01:55:23", "start": "01:55:20", "text": "you know, tradecraftraft and you have"}, {"end": "01:55:24", "start": "01:55:22", "text": "that. You have another DID for your"}, {"end": "01:55:26", "start": "01:55:23", "text": "military life. You have another DID for"}, {"end": "01:55:28", "start": "01:55:24", "text": "your personal life and for your"}, {"end": "01:55:30", "start": "01:55:26", "text": "professional life, etc., etc., like your"}, {"end": "01:55:32", "start": "01:55:28", "text": "LinkedIn profile, as I did here. And"}, {"end": "01:55:33", "start": "01:55:30", "text": "then there's various public fields and"}, {"end": "01:55:35", "start": "01:55:32", "text": "all these things. And there's"}, {"end": "01:55:37", "start": "01:55:33", "text": "provability with all these things. And"}, {"end": "01:55:40", "start": "01:55:35", "text": "then you can at any time pick up that"}, {"end": "01:55:43", "start": "01:55:37", "text": "you own all of them, but they're unlin."}, {"end": "01:55:44", "start": "01:55:40", "text": "So you don't necessarily have to combine"}, {"end": "01:55:46", "start": "01:55:43", "text": "them and say, \"Well, this is also the"}, {"end": "01:55:48", "start": "01:55:44", "text": "same person as Sean Ryan. It's an"}, {"end": "01:55:50", "start": "01:55:46", "text": "unlinkable identity and you're in"}, {"end": "01:55:51", "start": "01:55:48", "text": "control of all of that.\" And then you"}, {"end": "01:55:53", "start": "01:55:50", "text": "have the ability to at any time prove"}, {"end": "01:55:55", "start": "01:55:51", "text": "properties at your discretion for these"}, {"end": "01:55:57", "start": "01:55:53", "text": "types of things. So that's the other"}, {"end": "01:55:58", "start": "01:55:55", "text": "side that the cryptocurrency industry"}, {"end": "01:56:01", "start": "01:55:57", "text": "has been really thinking about because"}, {"end": "01:56:03", "start": "01:55:58", "text": "it's so pivotal to everything we do. The"}, {"end": "01:56:05", "start": "01:56:01", "text": "is if it's an engine of trust, where"}, {"end": "01:56:07", "start": "01:56:03", "text": "does trust come from? Well, some of it's"}, {"end": "01:56:09", "start": "01:56:05", "text": "objective by the structure of the"}, {"end": "01:56:11", "start": "01:56:07", "text": "system, but then some of it's subjective"}, {"end": "01:56:13", "start": "01:56:09", "text": "like who are the members of the system."}, {"end": "01:56:14", "start": "01:56:11", "text": "And so if you ha the minute you step"}, {"end": "01:56:16", "start": "01:56:13", "text": "into who are the people, you have to"}, {"end": "01:56:18", "start": "01:56:14", "text": "have a representation of identity. And"}, {"end": "01:56:20", "start": "01:56:16", "text": "once you have that representation of"}, {"end": "01:56:22", "start": "01:56:18", "text": "identity, you can then use that to prove"}, {"end": "01:56:23", "start": "01:56:20", "text": "all kinds of things that you want. And"}, {"end": "01:56:24", "start": "01:56:22", "text": "eventually you can reconstruct reality"}, {"end": "01:56:26", "start": "01:56:23", "text": "because you can say, \"Okay, now we can"}, {"end": "01:56:28", "start": "01:56:24", "text": "build a credit system.\" And instead of"}, {"end": "01:56:30", "start": "01:56:26", "text": "it being decided by, you know, these"}, {"end": "01:56:32", "start": "01:56:28", "text": "four credit agencies and they give you a"}, {"end": "01:56:33", "start": "01:56:30", "text": "number and who the [\u00a0__\u00a0] knows where this"}, {"end": "01:56:36", "start": "01:56:32", "text": "number comes from. Like for example, I'm"}, {"end": "01:56:37", "start": "01:56:33", "text": "a billionaire, but somehow my credit"}, {"end": "01:56:40", "start": "01:56:36", "text": "score is lower than some of my family"}, {"end": "01:56:42", "start": "01:56:37", "text": "members. I just can't for the life of me"}, {"end": "01:56:44", "start": "01:56:40", "text": "understand that. I'm just like, guys,"}, {"end": "01:56:46", "start": "01:56:42", "text": "it's just like I'm like, guys, do you"}, {"end": "01:56:48", "start": "01:56:44", "text": "understand this is like like I'm beyond"}, {"end": "01:56:49", "start": "01:56:46", "text": "your notion of credit, but yet somehow"}, {"end": "01:56:52", "start": "01:56:48", "text": "my credit score is lower than my"}, {"end": "01:56:54", "start": "01:56:49", "text": "secretaries. It's like it's it just it"}, {"end": "01:56:57", "start": "01:56:52", "text": "bothers me. She makes fun of me for it."}, {"end": "01:56:59", "start": "01:56:54", "text": "Um and I just don't understand it. Uh so"}, {"end": "01:57:02", "start": "01:56:57", "text": "so so obviously that credit system"}, {"end": "01:57:03", "start": "01:56:59", "text": "doesn't seem to make sense and and it's"}, {"end": "01:57:05", "start": "01:57:02", "text": "weaponized in many cases against a lot"}, {"end": "01:57:08", "start": "01:57:03", "text": "of people who got into some bad"}, {"end": "01:57:10", "start": "01:57:05", "text": "situations. So we should probably have"}, {"end": "01:57:12", "start": "01:57:08", "text": "marketplaces for those things and more"}, {"end": "01:57:15", "start": "01:57:10", "text": "decentralization for those things"}, {"end": "01:57:17", "start": "01:57:12", "text": "otherwise you those actors can basically"}, {"end": "01:57:19", "start": "01:57:15", "text": "decide who gets to win who gets to lose"}, {"end": "01:57:21", "start": "01:57:17", "text": "in society. So yeah that's what crypto"}, {"end": "01:57:22", "start": "01:57:19", "text": "is really about at its core. It's like"}, {"end": "01:57:24", "start": "01:57:21", "text": "it's that trust and then you start"}, {"end": "01:57:28", "start": "01:57:22", "text": "looking at fundamental objects like"}, {"end": "01:57:31", "start": "01:57:24", "text": "money, voice and political opinion,"}, {"end": "01:57:33", "start": "01:57:28", "text": "social influence, identity and you say"}, {"end": "01:57:35", "start": "01:57:31", "text": "can I represent these things"}, {"end": "01:57:37", "start": "01:57:33", "text": "mathematically as something as an object"}, {"end": "01:57:38", "start": "01:57:35", "text": "that lives out there in the cloud and"}, {"end": "01:57:40", "start": "01:57:37", "text": "then can I make them programmable and"}, {"end": "01:57:43", "start": "01:57:38", "text": "then can I build an economy around them"}, {"end": "01:57:44", "start": "01:57:40", "text": "and then can I have them compete in an"}, {"end": "01:57:47", "start": "01:57:43", "text": "all you can eat buffet of different"}, {"end": "01:57:49", "start": "01:57:44", "text": "ideas and have those ideas run in"}, {"end": "01:57:51", "start": "01:57:47", "text": "parallel and and introduce adversarial"}, {"end": "01:57:53", "start": "01:57:49", "text": "thinking. So people come in and try to"}, {"end": "01:57:54", "start": "01:57:51", "text": "break them and destroy them. And if they"}, {"end": "01:57:56", "start": "01:57:53", "text": "do, they get a reward. They get millions"}, {"end": "01:57:58", "start": "01:57:54", "text": "of dollars or billions of dollars and"}, {"end": "01:57:59", "start": "01:57:56", "text": "run away. Yay. But if they can't break"}, {"end": "01:58:02", "start": "01:57:58", "text": "them, then the system becomes stronger"}, {"end": "01:58:04", "start": "01:57:59", "text": "and then it becomes the system and takes"}, {"end": "01:58:07", "start": "01:58:02", "text": "over."}, {"end": "01:58:10", "start": "01:58:04", "text": "So there's a lot there going back to the"}, {"end": "01:58:13", "start": "01:58:07", "text": "voting. I mean, so there are discussions"}, {"end": "01:58:16", "start": "01:58:10", "text": "about possibly implementing this within"}, {"end": "01:58:19", "start": "01:58:13", "text": "the US. Yeah. And the first step is and"}, {"end": "01:58:22", "start": "01:58:16", "text": "I would imagine that pisses"}, {"end": "01:58:24", "start": "01:58:19", "text": "the institution off to no end. Yeah."}, {"end": "01:58:25", "start": "01:58:22", "text": "Yeah. I first step is standardization."}, {"end": "01:58:27", "start": "01:58:24", "text": "So, you know, just like that postquantum"}, {"end": "01:58:28", "start": "01:58:25", "text": "discussion,"}, {"end": "01:58:31", "start": "01:58:27", "text": "you don't want to run too far off the"}, {"end": "01:58:32", "start": "01:58:28", "text": "reservation. You you want to say, well,"}, {"end": "01:58:34", "start": "01:58:31", "text": "the government's not going to procure"}, {"end": "01:58:36", "start": "01:58:32", "text": "something unless they have"}, {"end": "01:58:38", "start": "01:58:34", "text": "standardization for that thing. So, NIST"}, {"end": "01:58:39", "start": "01:58:36", "text": "is highly involved in these types of"}, {"end": "01:58:42", "start": "01:58:38", "text": "things, but the Department of Commerce"}, {"end": "01:58:44", "start": "01:58:39", "text": "is highly involved. And before the DoD"}, {"end": "01:58:46", "start": "01:58:42", "text": "thinks about it or some secretary of"}, {"end": "01:58:47", "start": "01:58:44", "text": "state in some states thinks about it,"}, {"end": "01:58:50", "start": "01:58:46", "text": "you really need to reference something"}, {"end": "01:58:53", "start": "01:58:47", "text": "like what is the statutory definition or"}, {"end": "01:58:55", "start": "01:58:50", "text": "the standard RC for what is blockchain"}, {"end": "01:58:56", "start": "01:58:53", "text": "and for this and for that and this. You"}, {"end": "01:58:59", "start": "01:58:55", "text": "have to build all those components up as"}, {"end": "01:59:01", "start": "01:58:56", "text": "a house of abstractions and codes and"}, {"end": "01:59:03", "start": "01:58:59", "text": "numbers like uh if you want to secure"}, {"end": "01:59:05", "start": "01:59:01", "text": "something and use it in the military"}, {"end": "01:59:06", "start": "01:59:03", "text": "maybe you need FIPS 190-2 or something"}, {"end": "01:59:08", "start": "01:59:05", "text": "like there's some processor standard"}, {"end": "01:59:10", "start": "01:59:06", "text": "they point to that or milspec is another"}, {"end": "01:59:12", "start": "01:59:08", "text": "you point to it you say that's that"}, {"end": "01:59:14", "start": "01:59:10", "text": "thing then once you have it you say okay"}, {"end": "01:59:17", "start": "01:59:12", "text": "now we can have a conversation about"}, {"end": "01:59:18", "start": "01:59:14", "text": "writing an RFP and building something so"}, {"end": "01:59:20", "start": "01:59:17", "text": "what's happened is we've had kind of a"}, {"end": "01:59:22", "start": "01:59:18", "text": "lot of chaos because it's hard and it's"}, {"end": "01:59:24", "start": "01:59:20", "text": "complicated and the people making the"}, {"end": "01:59:27", "start": "01:59:22", "text": "decisions are pretty divorced from the"}, {"end": "01:59:28", "start": "01:59:24", "text": "reality ities of the technology. So they"}, {"end": "01:59:30", "start": "01:59:27", "text": "want to do it and they understand"}, {"end": "01:59:32", "start": "01:59:28", "text": "philosophically there's a there there"}, {"end": "01:59:34", "start": "01:59:30", "text": "but they don't have the vocabulary and"}, {"end": "01:59:36", "start": "01:59:32", "text": "they don't have the bureaucracy"}, {"end": "01:59:39", "start": "01:59:34", "text": "necessary to be able to get into this"}, {"end": "01:59:41", "start": "01:59:36", "text": "world, you know. And so the thing we've"}, {"end": "01:59:42", "start": "01:59:39", "text": "been working on is saying don't pick"}, {"end": "01:59:45", "start": "01:59:41", "text": "winners and losers right now. Don't even"}, {"end": "01:59:48", "start": "01:59:42", "text": "talk about winners and losers right now."}, {"end": "01:59:50", "start": "01:59:45", "text": "Focus on instead a taxonomy. Get the"}, {"end": "01:59:52", "start": "01:59:48", "text": "words right. Get the language right. Get"}, {"end": "01:59:54", "start": "01:59:50", "text": "the standards right. Have a notion of"}, {"end": "01:59:56", "start": "01:59:52", "text": "what is decentralization. You hear it"}, {"end": "01:59:57", "start": "01:59:54", "text": "all the time. The crypto, we're"}, {"end": "01:59:59", "start": "01:59:56", "text": "decentralized. We're what the [\u00a0__\u00a0] does"}, {"end": "02:00:02", "start": "01:59:57", "text": "decentralization mean? I asked this"}, {"end": "02:00:03", "start": "01:59:59", "text": "question. We've written 240 papers,"}, {"end": "02:00:06", "start": "02:00:02", "text": "academic papers at my company, over"}, {"end": "02:00:07", "start": "02:00:03", "text": "10,000 citations. So, we said, you know,"}, {"end": "02:00:08", "start": "02:00:06", "text": "we should write an academic paper. And"}, {"end": "02:00:09", "start": "02:00:07", "text": "we thought, oh, you know, that'd be"}, {"end": "02:00:12", "start": "02:00:08", "text": "really easy. We'll just like have paper"}, {"end": "02:00:14", "start": "02:00:09", "text": "in two months and like six years. And"}, {"end": "02:00:15", "start": "02:00:12", "text": "then we created a standards group at"}, {"end": "02:00:17", "start": "02:00:14", "text": "University of Edinburgh and we created"}, {"end": "02:00:18", "start": "02:00:15", "text": "something called the decentralization"}, {"end": "02:00:20", "start": "02:00:17", "text": "the Edinburgh decentralization index."}, {"end": "02:00:22", "start": "02:00:18", "text": "And it turns out there's eight different"}, {"end": "02:00:23", "start": "02:00:20", "text": "lenses you could look at for"}, {"end": "02:00:25", "start": "02:00:22", "text": "decentralization. and everything from"}, {"end": "02:00:26", "start": "02:00:23", "text": "the token distribution to the consensus"}, {"end": "02:00:29", "start": "02:00:25", "text": "algorithm to how the code is written,"}, {"end": "02:00:31", "start": "02:00:26", "text": "all this stuff. And it's a trade-off"}, {"end": "02:00:32", "start": "02:00:29", "text": "matrix. It's not like one number that"}, {"end": "02:00:34", "start": "02:00:31", "text": "you can get to and say this is the only"}, {"end": "02:00:36", "start": "02:00:32", "text": "number that matters. It's more like what"}, {"end": "02:00:38", "start": "02:00:34", "text": "do you value? Do you value operational"}, {"end": "02:00:40", "start": "02:00:36", "text": "resilience or do you value a large"}, {"end": "02:00:41", "start": "02:00:38", "text": "distribution of the money? You can have"}, {"end": "02:00:44", "start": "02:00:40", "text": "a fully decentralized system, but one"}, {"end": "02:00:45", "start": "02:00:41", "text": "guy owns all the tokens. Mhm. Doesn't"}, {"end": "02:00:46", "start": "02:00:44", "text": "really make sense, right? Okay. You have"}, {"end": "02:00:48", "start": "02:00:45", "text": "a system where a lot of people own all"}, {"end": "02:00:50", "start": "02:00:46", "text": "the tokens, but only three people run"}, {"end": "02:00:52", "start": "02:00:48", "text": "that ledger and it's federated forever"}, {"end": "02:00:54", "start": "02:00:50", "text": "and you can't get rid of them. doesn't"}, {"end": "02:00:56", "start": "02:00:52", "text": "really make any sense. So it seems like"}, {"end": "02:00:57", "start": "02:00:54", "text": "there's some combination of these"}, {"end": "02:00:59", "start": "02:00:56", "text": "things. So we just started measuring"}, {"end": "02:01:01", "start": "02:00:57", "text": "these things a few years ago. The next"}, {"end": "02:01:03", "start": "02:00:59", "text": "step is to take that model to NIST and"}, {"end": "02:01:05", "start": "02:01:01", "text": "other standards bodies and say how do"}, {"end": "02:01:07", "start": "02:01:03", "text": "you integrate this and then start"}, {"end": "02:01:09", "start": "02:01:05", "text": "creating some infrastructure so then the"}, {"end": "02:01:11", "start": "02:01:07", "text": "government can use this tool to measure"}, {"end": "02:01:13", "start": "02:01:09", "text": "this from a qualitative and quantitative"}, {"end": "02:01:14", "start": "02:01:11", "text": "way when they're assessing technology"}, {"end": "02:01:16", "start": "02:01:13", "text": "cuz you know the military probably"}, {"end": "02:01:17", "start": "02:01:14", "text": "doesn't want to go and adopt a"}, {"end": "02:01:19", "start": "02:01:16", "text": "blockchain technology that has a back"}, {"end": "02:01:21", "start": "02:01:17", "text": "door in it or has an operator that that"}, {"end": "02:01:23", "start": "02:01:19", "text": "China can coers and then suddenly the"}, {"end": "02:01:25", "start": "02:01:21", "text": "whole thing comes down and it's the same"}, {"end": "02:01:26", "start": "02:01:23", "text": "for a voting system. You don't want to"}, {"end": "02:01:28", "start": "02:01:25", "text": "adopt a voting system that's"}, {"end": "02:01:31", "start": "02:01:26", "text": "fundamentally insecure or has some sort"}, {"end": "02:01:33", "start": "02:01:28", "text": "of hidden vector of attack inside of it."}, {"end": "02:01:34", "start": "02:01:31", "text": "So the standards get you to a point"}, {"end": "02:01:36", "start": "02:01:33", "text": "where you can have that conversation."}, {"end": "02:01:38", "start": "02:01:34", "text": "Then the RFP process then allows the"}, {"end": "02:01:40", "start": "02:01:36", "text": "government to start experimenting with"}, {"end": "02:01:42", "start": "02:01:38", "text": "it. Now that said, there been plenty of"}, {"end": "02:01:44", "start": "02:01:40", "text": "pilots that have been run and you know"}, {"end": "02:01:46", "start": "02:01:42", "text": "DARPA's done stuff and DoD's done stuff"}, {"end": "02:01:48", "start": "02:01:44", "text": "and various states are doing things like"}, {"end": "02:01:50", "start": "02:01:46", "text": "the state of Wyoming's passed over 30"}, {"end": "02:01:51", "start": "02:01:48", "text": "cryptocurrency related laws and created"}, {"end": "02:01:54", "start": "02:01:50", "text": "all kinds of cool and innovative"}, {"end": "02:01:56", "start": "02:01:51", "text": "structures. So there's a lot of stuff"}, {"end": "02:01:58", "start": "02:01:54", "text": "that's happening at the state county"}, {"end": "02:01:59", "start": "02:01:56", "text": "level and some in the federal level. And"}, {"end": "02:02:01", "start": "02:01:58", "text": "thanks to Trump embracing"}, {"end": "02:02:03", "start": "02:01:59", "text": "cryptocurrency, there's an all of"}, {"end": "02:02:04", "start": "02:02:01", "text": "government mandate now to say, hey, we"}, {"end": "02:02:06", "start": "02:02:03", "text": "should actually consider blockchain"}, {"end": "02:02:08", "start": "02:02:04", "text": "technology and cryptocurrencies as a"}, {"end": "02:02:09", "start": "02:02:06", "text": "first class citizen. And in solving"}, {"end": "02:02:11", "start": "02:02:08", "text": "future problems, we actually think that"}, {"end": "02:02:13", "start": "02:02:09", "text": "there's a there there for these these"}, {"end": "02:02:15", "start": "02:02:11", "text": "types of things. The challenge again"}, {"end": "02:02:18", "start": "02:02:13", "text": "though is that the bureaucracy it runs"}, {"end": "02:02:20", "start": "02:02:15", "text": "at a different clock speed than we do as"}, {"end": "02:02:23", "start": "02:02:18", "text": "an industry. So we think if it doesn't"}, {"end": "02:02:24", "start": "02:02:20", "text": "happen in like 5 days, it didn't happen."}, {"end": "02:02:26", "start": "02:02:23", "text": "The government if it doesn't happen in"}, {"end": "02:02:28", "start": "02:02:24", "text": "like 5 months, we're No, that that's"}, {"end": "02:02:29", "start": "02:02:26", "text": "actually pretty good. You know, may come"}, {"end": "02:02:31", "start": "02:02:28", "text": "back in a few years, maybe we'll have"}, {"end": "02:02:32", "start": "02:02:29", "text": "something for you. You know, it's it's a"}, {"end": "02:02:35", "start": "02:02:31", "text": "different clock speed. What do you think"}, {"end": "02:02:38", "start": "02:02:32", "text": "we've learned from countries that have"}, {"end": "02:02:40", "start": "02:02:35", "text": "implemented crypto as their is their is"}, {"end": "02:02:44", "start": "02:02:38", "text": "their is their national currency? Was is"}, {"end": "02:02:45", "start": "02:02:40", "text": "it El Salvador, Honduras? Did they do it"}, {"end": "02:02:48", "start": "02:02:44", "text": "too? I think El Salvador that was"}, {"end": "02:02:51", "start": "02:02:45", "text": "Bouquet. I I I actually went down there"}, {"end": "02:02:53", "start": "02:02:48", "text": "after he did it. Um so El Salvador was"}, {"end": "02:02:57", "start": "02:02:51", "text": "like living on a different planet. I got"}, {"end": "02:03:01", "start": "02:02:53", "text": "some stories for you. So So this is back"}, {"end": "02:03:03", "start": "02:02:57", "text": "in 2021. Um El Salvador Boule, if you"}, {"end": "02:03:07", "start": "02:03:01", "text": "ever meet him, he's like in his early"}, {"end": "02:03:09", "start": "02:03:03", "text": "40s and he is a super charismatic guy."}, {"end": "02:03:10", "start": "02:03:07", "text": "He was like a nightclub manager for a"}, {"end": "02:03:11", "start": "02:03:09", "text": "bit and then a mayor of something. Now"}, {"end": "02:03:14", "start": "02:03:10", "text": "he's the president of the country,"}, {"end": "02:03:17", "start": "02:03:11", "text": "right? and and he's just he's just got"}, {"end": "02:03:20", "start": "02:03:14", "text": "this this style that's just magical. So,"}, {"end": "02:03:22", "start": "02:03:17", "text": "um El Salvador adopted Bitcoin as their"}, {"end": "02:03:24", "start": "02:03:20", "text": "national standard and then he he he said"}, {"end": "02:03:26", "start": "02:03:22", "text": "it, but they had really no plan for how"}, {"end": "02:03:28", "start": "02:03:24", "text": "they were actually going to adopt and"}, {"end": "02:03:30", "start": "02:03:26", "text": "bring Bitcoin into their country. And so"}, {"end": "02:03:32", "start": "02:03:28", "text": "they had these guys that were local and"}, {"end": "02:03:35", "start": "02:03:30", "text": "they were just terrible. And so Boui is"}, {"end": "02:03:38", "start": "02:03:32", "text": "like, \"I need some help.\" So we knew one"}, {"end": "02:03:40", "start": "02:03:35", "text": "of his guys, there was this cod CIA guy,"}, {"end": "02:03:41", "start": "02:03:38", "text": "his name was Marty. Uh, and he was"}, {"end": "02:03:43", "start": "02:03:40", "text": "friends with this other guy named Damian"}, {"end": "02:03:45", "start": "02:03:41", "text": "who is like the political adviser to"}, {"end": "02:03:46", "start": "02:03:43", "text": "Bouquet. And so I was friends with Marty"}, {"end": "02:03:48", "start": "02:03:45", "text": "and Marty's like, \"You got to talk to"}, {"end": "02:03:50", "start": "02:03:46", "text": "Damian.\" So I talked to Damian. He's"}, {"end": "02:03:52", "start": "02:03:48", "text": "like, \"You should really meet Bouquet."}, {"end": "02:03:54", "start": "02:03:50", "text": "Meet the president.\" I'm like, \"Okay, I"}, {"end": "02:03:56", "start": "02:03:52", "text": "guess I can go to El Salvador. I've"}, {"end": "02:03:57", "start": "02:03:54", "text": "heard interesting things about that"}, {"end": "02:04:01", "start": "02:03:56", "text": "country.\""}, {"end": "02:04:03", "start": "02:03:57", "text": "So So we first had a phone call with him"}, {"end": "02:04:05", "start": "02:04:01", "text": "and I was like, \"Am I really talking to"}, {"end": "02:04:07", "start": "02:04:03", "text": "the president of El Salvador? Like can"}, {"end": "02:04:09", "start": "02:04:05", "text": "we verify is this guy real?\" So the next"}, {"end": "02:04:10", "start": "02:04:07", "text": "time we had a video call and it looked"}, {"end": "02:04:12", "start": "02:04:09", "text": "official. There's flags behind him and"}, {"end": "02:04:14", "start": "02:04:10", "text": "everything and he looked like Bouquet."}, {"end": "02:04:16", "start": "02:04:12", "text": "We're like, \"Okay, I think we're talking"}, {"end": "02:04:17", "start": "02:04:14", "text": "to Boule.\" So then eventually we planned"}, {"end": "02:04:19", "start": "02:04:16", "text": "a trip and we went down to Sense"}, {"end": "02:04:22", "start": "02:04:17", "text": "Salvador and it was the wildest week of"}, {"end": "02:04:23", "start": "02:04:19", "text": "my life. I uh we landed there and uh you"}, {"end": "02:04:25", "start": "02:04:22", "text": "know we go and first we have dinner with"}, {"end": "02:04:28", "start": "02:04:23", "text": "Boule and we end up spend like 4 hours"}, {"end": "02:04:31", "start": "02:04:25", "text": "at the presidential palace and it was"}, {"end": "02:04:33", "start": "02:04:28", "text": "like this long nonsecutous conversation"}, {"end": "02:04:35", "start": "02:04:31", "text": "about various things. He was like like"}, {"end": "02:04:38", "start": "02:04:33", "text": "Latin American Gaddafi was just it was"}, {"end": "02:04:39", "start": "02:04:35", "text": "crazy. And uh and then I was like okay"}, {"end": "02:04:40", "start": "02:04:38", "text": "well how are you going to actually"}, {"end": "02:04:42", "start": "02:04:39", "text": "implement it? We're just going to do it."}, {"end": "02:04:44", "start": "02:04:40", "text": "We're just going to figure it out and we"}, {"end": "02:04:46", "start": "02:04:42", "text": "have 6 months. Let's do it, you know."}, {"end": "02:04:48", "start": "02:04:44", "text": "Okay. So then we had a group of people"}, {"end": "02:04:49", "start": "02:04:46", "text": "we brought in and we started talking to"}, {"end": "02:04:50", "start": "02:04:48", "text": "all the different government agencies."}, {"end": "02:04:52", "start": "02:04:49", "text": "We talked to the central bank and we"}, {"end": "02:04:54", "start": "02:04:50", "text": "said okay well like what are the"}, {"end": "02:04:56", "start": "02:04:52", "text": "compliance guidelines for adopting"}, {"end": "02:04:57", "start": "02:04:54", "text": "cryptocurrency here? It's like well we"}, {"end": "02:04:58", "start": "02:04:56", "text": "don't have any many. I said well where"}, {"end": "02:05:00", "start": "02:04:57", "text": "are you getting your business"}, {"end": "02:05:02", "start": "02:04:58", "text": "requirements? And they said Facebook."}, {"end": "02:05:04", "start": "02:05:00", "text": "What? It's like, \"Yeah, the president"}, {"end": "02:05:05", "start": "02:05:02", "text": "does all his speeches on Facebook, so we"}, {"end": "02:05:07", "start": "02:05:04", "text": "just listen to the president's speeches"}, {"end": "02:05:09", "start": "02:05:05", "text": "and then we'll adopt, you know, whatever"}, {"end": "02:05:12", "start": "02:05:07", "text": "he says over the speeches.\" We're like,"}, {"end": "02:05:14", "start": "02:05:09", "text": "\"Okay, that's uh that's great.\" But the"}, {"end": "02:05:17", "start": "02:05:12", "text": "trippiest thing is they wanted to do"}, {"end": "02:05:18", "start": "02:05:14", "text": "like this Bitcoin mine uh you know, was"}, {"end": "02:05:20", "start": "02:05:17", "text": "using geothermal because I guess they"}, {"end": "02:05:22", "start": "02:05:18", "text": "got volcanoes there. And so they had"}, {"end": "02:05:24", "start": "02:05:20", "text": "this hairbrain scheme that they were"}, {"end": "02:05:25", "start": "02:05:22", "text": "going to build this big Bitcoin valley"}, {"end": "02:05:27", "start": "02:05:24", "text": "with like big geothermal power and"}, {"end": "02:05:29", "start": "02:05:25", "text": "they'll have all the Bitcoin miners come"}, {"end": "02:05:30", "start": "02:05:27", "text": "because now it's like Bitcoin utopia."}, {"end": "02:05:32", "start": "02:05:29", "text": "So, we were talking to the Minister of"}, {"end": "02:05:33", "start": "02:05:30", "text": "Energy there, and it was like a Doctor"}, {"end": "02:05:35", "start": "02:05:32", "text": "Strange love scene. It was it was so"}, {"end": "02:05:39", "start": "02:05:33", "text": "crazy that he looked like um you know,"}, {"end": "02:05:41", "start": "02:05:35", "text": "Dr. Octopus from Spider-Man 2, and he"}, {"end": "02:05:44", "start": "02:05:39", "text": "talked like this. Hello, Charles. The"}, {"end": "02:05:47", "start": "02:05:41", "text": "power of magma will be the destiny of El"}, {"end": "02:05:48", "start": "02:05:44", "text": "Salvador. And we had these Guatemalan"}, {"end": "02:05:50", "start": "02:05:47", "text": "guys in the meeting for no particular"}, {"end": "02:05:52", "start": "02:05:48", "text": "reason. And they were smoking inside the"}, {"end": "02:05:54", "start": "02:05:50", "text": "ministry and they're just like, \"Yeah,"}, {"end": "02:05:56", "start": "02:05:52", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] magma, man. We're going to get"}, {"end": "02:05:57", "start": "02:05:54", "text": "this done.\""}, {"end": "02:05:59", "start": "02:05:56", "text": "It was just one meeting after another"}, {"end": "02:06:00", "start": "02:05:57", "text": "meeting of all this stuff. Then we're"}, {"end": "02:06:02", "start": "02:05:59", "text": "like, \"Okay, okay, the US government's"}, {"end": "02:06:04", "start": "02:06:00", "text": "got to know what's going on. So, let's"}, {"end": "02:06:05", "start": "02:06:02", "text": "go talk to the State Department.\" And of"}, {"end": "02:06:07", "start": "02:06:04", "text": "course, Biden, you know, he never found"}, {"end": "02:06:10", "start": "02:06:05", "text": "something he couldn't [\u00a0__\u00a0] up. So, the"}, {"end": "02:06:12", "start": "02:06:07", "text": "prior ambassador was this great guy that"}, {"end": "02:06:14", "start": "02:06:10", "text": "Boule really liked. They had a wonderful"}, {"end": "02:06:16", "start": "02:06:12", "text": "relationship together. They'd hang out"}, {"end": "02:06:17", "start": "02:06:14", "text": "like watch movies together until 1:00 in"}, {"end": "02:06:19", "start": "02:06:16", "text": "the morning. So, the first thing Biden"}, {"end": "02:06:20", "start": "02:06:17", "text": "did is fire that ambassador and put a"}, {"end": "02:06:22", "start": "02:06:19", "text": "new person in and say, \"The policy of"}, {"end": "02:06:24", "start": "02:06:20", "text": "the US is now regime change.\" So, Bouay"}, {"end": "02:06:26", "start": "02:06:22", "text": "went from, \"Hey, we like the US and"}, {"end": "02:06:27", "start": "02:06:24", "text": "we're friends and I get to hang out with"}, {"end": "02:06:29", "start": "02:06:26", "text": "the ambassador to the ambassador wants"}, {"end": "02:06:32", "start": "02:06:27", "text": "to kill me.\" Okay. For no particular"}, {"end": "02:06:33", "start": "02:06:29", "text": "reason. Um, it's like Forest is gone for"}, {"end": "02:06:36", "start": "02:06:32", "text": "no particular reason. They shot that"}, {"end": "02:06:38", "start": "02:06:33", "text": "man. Um, so, so anyway, we meet the US"}, {"end": "02:06:40", "start": "02:06:36", "text": "ambassador there or the attach where the"}, {"end": "02:06:41", "start": "02:06:38", "text": "hell she was. And, uh, we was like,"}, {"end": "02:06:43", "start": "02:06:40", "text": "\"Okay, well, we've seen all this insane"}, {"end": "02:06:44", "start": "02:06:41", "text": "stuff going on. Like, surely you guys"}, {"end": "02:06:47", "start": "02:06:43", "text": "must know what's going on.\" It's like,"}, {"end": "02:06:49", "start": "02:06:44", "text": "\"No, we thought you knew.\" So, it was"}, {"end": "02:06:51", "start": "02:06:47", "text": "just chaos. It was absolute chaos. They"}, {"end": "02:06:53", "start": "02:06:49", "text": "had no real plan on how to adopt"}, {"end": "02:06:55", "start": "02:06:51", "text": "Bitcoin. They had no real plan for how"}, {"end": "02:06:57", "start": "02:06:53", "text": "to use it and they passed the"}, {"end": "02:06:58", "start": "02:06:55", "text": "legislation for optics and they wanted"}, {"end": "02:07:00", "start": "02:06:57", "text": "to attract a lot of direct foreign"}, {"end": "02:07:01", "start": "02:06:58", "text": "investment in but they didn't really"}, {"end": "02:07:03", "start": "02:07:00", "text": "understand our industry. So what they"}, {"end": "02:07:05", "start": "02:07:01", "text": "ended up doing in El Salvador is they"}, {"end": "02:07:07", "start": "02:07:03", "text": "adopted a centralized solution. So they"}, {"end": "02:07:08", "start": "02:07:05", "text": "said there's Bitcoin but then they had"}, {"end": "02:07:10", "start": "02:07:07", "text": "this thing called the Shiva wallet and"}, {"end": "02:07:11", "start": "02:07:08", "text": "then people would deposit and they would"}, {"end": "02:07:13", "start": "02:07:10", "text": "get a representation of it and they"}, {"end": "02:07:15", "start": "02:07:11", "text": "could spend it amongst each other with"}, {"end": "02:07:18", "start": "02:07:13", "text": "the wallet there in El Salvador. um but"}, {"end": "02:07:20", "start": "02:07:15", "text": "there wasn't in our view appropriate"}, {"end": "02:07:22", "start": "02:07:18", "text": "controls to audit and verify there was a"}, {"end": "02:07:24", "start": "02:07:20", "text": "onetoone correspondence be between"}, {"end": "02:07:25", "start": "02:07:22", "text": "actual Bitcoin and the the currency that"}, {"end": "02:07:26", "start": "02:07:24", "text": "they were trading. The other issue is we"}, {"end": "02:07:28", "start": "02:07:25", "text": "went to the Treasury Department, the"}, {"end": "02:07:31", "start": "02:07:26", "text": "State Department. We met with all these"}, {"end": "02:07:32", "start": "02:07:28", "text": "guys in DC and we tried to say hey you"}, {"end": "02:07:34", "start": "02:07:31", "text": "know is there any way we could work"}, {"end": "02:07:37", "start": "02:07:32", "text": "together on this because there's"}, {"end": "02:07:39", "start": "02:07:34", "text": "millions of El Salvadorans and like 25%"}, {"end": "02:07:40", "start": "02:07:37", "text": "of the population is in the US. They're"}, {"end": "02:07:42", "start": "02:07:39", "text": "kind of under your jurisdiction and"}, {"end": "02:07:43", "start": "02:07:40", "text": "there's all like half their economy"}, {"end": "02:07:45", "start": "02:07:42", "text": "relies on remittances from the United"}, {"end": "02:07:47", "start": "02:07:43", "text": "States. So whatever they do in El"}, {"end": "02:07:49", "start": "02:07:45", "text": "Salvador, the United States is going to"}, {"end": "02:07:50", "start": "02:07:47", "text": "have to have an opinion on that and we"}, {"end": "02:07:51", "start": "02:07:49", "text": "have to get the regulation to work. Like"}, {"end": "02:07:54", "start": "02:07:50", "text": "Boulli, for example, want to do an"}, {"end": "02:07:58", "start": "02:07:51", "text": "airdrop to everybody in El Salvador. And"}, {"end": "02:08:00", "start": "02:07:54", "text": "we're like, okay, but MS13 is on an OFAC"}, {"end": "02:08:02", "start": "02:07:58", "text": "list. And so if we give Bitcoin to all"}, {"end": "02:08:04", "start": "02:08:00", "text": "these people, we're facilitating a"}, {"end": "02:08:05", "start": "02:08:02", "text": "transfer of value to a terrorist"}, {"end": "02:08:08", "start": "02:08:04", "text": "organization."}, {"end": "02:08:10", "start": "02:08:05", "text": "That's no bueno. You know, we can't make"}, {"end": "02:08:12", "start": "02:08:08", "text": "that work. So Justice Department has to"}, {"end": "02:08:14", "start": "02:08:10", "text": "give a clearance and understand what the"}, {"end": "02:08:15", "start": "02:08:12", "text": "rules are and everything. we just"}, {"end": "02:08:18", "start": "02:08:14", "text": "couldn't get there. So, we passed on the"}, {"end": "02:08:20", "start": "02:08:15", "text": "deal after a week, but it was just wild"}, {"end": "02:08:21", "start": "02:08:18", "text": "walking through all that cuz it was like"}, {"end": "02:08:23", "start": "02:08:20", "text": "the whole country was like a startup."}, {"end": "02:08:25", "start": "02:08:21", "text": "The the other thing is they were running"}, {"end": "02:08:27", "start": "02:08:23", "text": "everything on WhatsApp. So, all the"}, {"end": "02:08:28", "start": "02:08:25", "text": "ministers were like in WhatsApp groups"}, {"end": "02:08:30", "start": "02:08:27", "text": "and just talking to each other and that"}, {"end": "02:08:32", "start": "02:08:28", "text": "was their official form of communication"}, {"end": "02:08:33", "start": "02:08:30", "text": "and and there was there's layers and"}, {"end": "02:08:36", "start": "02:08:32", "text": "layers of other things I can tell you"}, {"end": "02:08:38", "start": "02:08:33", "text": "off the record and especially with some"}, {"end": "02:08:41", "start": "02:08:36", "text": "of the interpersonal dynamics there. Um,"}, {"end": "02:08:44", "start": "02:08:38", "text": "but what it did do was because El"}, {"end": "02:08:46", "start": "02:08:41", "text": "Salvador is a real country, it actually"}, {"end": "02:08:49", "start": "02:08:44", "text": "made Bitcoin the official currency and"}, {"end": "02:08:51", "start": "02:08:46", "text": "it forced the IMF and it forced all the"}, {"end": "02:08:53", "start": "02:08:49", "text": "transnational bodies to actually start"}, {"end": "02:08:55", "start": "02:08:51", "text": "recognizing Bitcoin as a currency and"}, {"end": "02:08:57", "start": "02:08:53", "text": "start talking about cryptocurrencies"}, {"end": "02:08:59", "start": "02:08:55", "text": "from a different lens and perspective."}, {"end": "02:09:01", "start": "02:08:57", "text": "They looked at it as kind of a shadowy"}, {"end": "02:09:04", "start": "02:08:59", "text": "speculative asset that weird autistic"}, {"end": "02:09:06", "start": "02:09:01", "text": "nerds trade online and who knows two."}, {"end": "02:09:08", "start": "02:09:04", "text": "Well, if a nation state's using it,"}, {"end": "02:09:11", "start": "02:09:06", "text": "technically speaking, it is a currency"}, {"end": "02:09:13", "start": "02:09:08", "text": "and and there there's something there."}, {"end": "02:09:15", "start": "02:09:11", "text": "And so at that moment, it was a sea"}, {"end": "02:09:18", "start": "02:09:13", "text": "change and it created cracks in the"}, {"end": "02:09:20", "start": "02:09:15", "text": "foundation. And when El Salvador didn't"}, {"end": "02:09:22", "start": "02:09:18", "text": "collapse, but rather they got a lot of"}, {"end": "02:09:24", "start": "02:09:20", "text": "direct foreign investment and all the"}, {"end": "02:09:26", "start": "02:09:22", "text": "Bitcoiners came there, Baley's gambit"}, {"end": "02:09:29", "start": "02:09:24", "text": "actually worked. It said it's okay as a"}, {"end": "02:09:31", "start": "02:09:26", "text": "nation state to adopt cryptocurrencies."}, {"end": "02:09:33", "start": "02:09:29", "text": "You're not going to get retaliation."}, {"end": "02:09:34", "start": "02:09:31", "text": "you're not gonna get crushed by the IMF"}, {"end": "02:09:36", "start": "02:09:33", "text": "or these other people, these big"}, {"end": "02:09:37", "start": "02:09:34", "text": "transnational bodies that came in, you"}, {"end": "02:09:39", "start": "02:09:36", "text": "know, and because the IMF was always a"}, {"end": "02:09:41", "start": "02:09:37", "text": "boogeyman. I remember meeting uh the"}, {"end": "02:09:44", "start": "02:09:39", "text": "prime minister of Georgia, the country"}, {"end": "02:09:47", "start": "02:09:41", "text": "in Eastern Europe, and uh we talked"}, {"end": "02:09:49", "start": "02:09:44", "text": "about like the digital lorry as a as a"}, {"end": "02:09:50", "start": "02:09:47", "text": "stable coin, and he said, \"Well, we"}, {"end": "02:09:52", "start": "02:09:49", "text": "tried, but the IMF came in and said,"}, {"end": "02:09:53", "start": "02:09:50", "text": "we'll pull all your funding and all your"}, {"end": "02:09:55", "start": "02:09:52", "text": "loans and just burn your country to the"}, {"end": "02:09:56", "start": "02:09:53", "text": "ground if you go and do this.\" So, they"}, {"end": "02:09:58", "start": "02:09:55", "text": "were always the boogeyman. And when El"}, {"end": "02:10:00", "start": "02:09:56", "text": "Salvador had the balls to say, \"Fuck it."}, {"end": "02:10:02", "start": "02:09:58", "text": "will just go and do it because bouquet"}, {"end": "02:10:04", "start": "02:10:00", "text": "is bouquet. Um and they didn't get"}, {"end": "02:10:07", "start": "02:10:02", "text": "destroyed. It it it was a very pivotal"}, {"end": "02:10:09", "start": "02:10:04", "text": "moment. So what is the IMF? Uh the"}, {"end": "02:10:11", "start": "02:10:07", "text": "international monetary fund. It's like a"}, {"end": "02:10:13", "start": "02:10:09", "text": "transnational body that basically"}, {"end": "02:10:15", "start": "02:10:11", "text": "oversees the loans to countries and"}, {"end": "02:10:17", "start": "02:10:13", "text": "litany of other things. So after World"}, {"end": "02:10:19", "start": "02:10:15", "text": "War II concluded, um the United States"}, {"end": "02:10:22", "start": "02:10:17", "text": "won and we were in charge of everything"}, {"end": "02:10:24", "start": "02:10:19", "text": "and um you know and there was two"}, {"end": "02:10:26", "start": "02:10:22", "text": "systems, the Soviet system and our"}, {"end": "02:10:27", "start": "02:10:24", "text": "system. And so we set up the world"}, {"end": "02:10:30", "start": "02:10:26", "text": "financial order. It was called the"}, {"end": "02:10:32", "start": "02:10:27", "text": "Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944. And"}, {"end": "02:10:34", "start": "02:10:30", "text": "that plus the Marshall Plan plus things"}, {"end": "02:10:36", "start": "02:10:32", "text": "that happened in the 50s and 60s, they"}, {"end": "02:10:38", "start": "02:10:34", "text": "created a world order. And we"}, {"end": "02:10:41", "start": "02:10:36", "text": "established these big transnational"}, {"end": "02:10:44", "start": "02:10:38", "text": "bodies like the World Bank and the World"}, {"end": "02:10:46", "start": "02:10:41", "text": "Trade Organization and the IMF and Swift"}, {"end": "02:10:48", "start": "02:10:44", "text": "and so forth. And basically what they"}, {"end": "02:10:50", "start": "02:10:46", "text": "did is they created a management layer"}, {"end": "02:10:52", "start": "02:10:48", "text": "for the entire financial system of the"}, {"end": "02:10:55", "start": "02:10:50", "text": "world. Any place the dollar touched, any"}, {"end": "02:10:58", "start": "02:10:52", "text": "place America touched, you adopted not"}, {"end": "02:10:59", "start": "02:10:55", "text": "just America stuff, our blue jeans and"}, {"end": "02:11:02", "start": "02:10:58", "text": "music, but you got our banking system"}, {"end": "02:11:05", "start": "02:10:59", "text": "and you got wired into it. So how"}, {"end": "02:11:06", "start": "02:11:02", "text": "America projects soft power is we don't"}, {"end": "02:11:08", "start": "02:11:05", "text": "have to invade you. We can just"}, {"end": "02:11:10", "start": "02:11:06", "text": "blacklist you from the world financial"}, {"end": "02:11:13", "start": "02:11:08", "text": "system. So like FATIF is a great example"}, {"end": "02:11:15", "start": "02:11:10", "text": "of that. It's a uh controlling body that"}, {"end": "02:11:17", "start": "02:11:13", "text": "does all the compliance and regulation."}, {"end": "02:11:19", "start": "02:11:15", "text": "Well, if you had on a fat if blacklist,"}, {"end": "02:11:21", "start": "02:11:17", "text": "it's like really hard for your regulated"}, {"end": "02:11:22", "start": "02:11:19", "text": "financial vehicles to have correspondent"}, {"end": "02:11:24", "start": "02:11:21", "text": "bank relationships with the rest of the"}, {"end": "02:11:26", "start": "02:11:22", "text": "world. So effectively, you become a"}, {"end": "02:11:28", "start": "02:11:24", "text": "financial island and money can't get in,"}, {"end": "02:11:29", "start": "02:11:26", "text": "money can't get out, and all your rich"}, {"end": "02:11:31", "start": "02:11:28", "text": "people are no longer rich because their"}, {"end": "02:11:33", "start": "02:11:29", "text": "money doesn't do anything. So we don't"}, {"end": "02:11:36", "start": "02:11:31", "text": "have to invade you. We just put you on a"}, {"end": "02:11:38", "start": "02:11:33", "text": "blacklist and then you're done. So these"}, {"end": "02:11:40", "start": "02:11:36", "text": "transial bodies, they've grown so"}, {"end": "02:11:42", "start": "02:11:38", "text": "powerful that they literally can"}, {"end": "02:11:45", "start": "02:11:40", "text": "influence foreign policy and also"}, {"end": "02:11:47", "start": "02:11:42", "text": "domestic policy. So you can go in and"}, {"end": "02:11:48", "start": "02:11:45", "text": "use them and say, \"Hey, you know, uh,"}, {"end": "02:11:50", "start": "02:11:47", "text": "you know, you got to treat this ethnic"}, {"end": "02:11:52", "start": "02:11:48", "text": "group a little better, or this group of"}, {"end": "02:11:53", "start": "02:11:50", "text": "people should be allowed to vote, or you"}, {"end": "02:11:54", "start": "02:11:52", "text": "need to change this law, or something."}, {"end": "02:11:55", "start": "02:11:53", "text": "If you don't change that law, you know,"}, {"end": "02:11:57", "start": "02:11:54", "text": "you're just not going to get credit"}, {"end": "02:11:59", "start": "02:11:55", "text": "anymore. You can't borrow money. So,"}, {"end": "02:12:01", "start": "02:11:57", "text": "sorry.\" Or, you know, all your debt,"}, {"end": "02:12:03", "start": "02:11:59", "text": "we're just going to collapse it and uh,"}, {"end": "02:12:05", "start": "02:12:01", "text": "nobody will buy that debt. Or, you know,"}, {"end": "02:12:07", "start": "02:12:03", "text": "actually, you just can't travel anymore."}, {"end": "02:12:10", "start": "02:12:05", "text": "Just cut your passports off or these"}, {"end": "02:12:11", "start": "02:12:07", "text": "types of things. And it's uh, it's it's"}, {"end": "02:12:13", "start": "02:12:10", "text": "especially for smaller countries, it's"}, {"end": "02:12:15", "start": "02:12:11", "text": "not a small concern. You're literally"}, {"end": "02:12:17", "start": "02:12:13", "text": "told what to do as the president of the"}, {"end": "02:12:20", "start": "02:12:15", "text": "country for these types of things. So"}, {"end": "02:12:22", "start": "02:12:17", "text": "initiated Brexit. Yeah. Well, Brexit was"}, {"end": "02:12:25", "start": "02:12:20", "text": "a component of that because that that"}, {"end": "02:12:27", "start": "02:12:22", "text": "was the European system in the UK. And"}, {"end": "02:12:29", "start": "02:12:25", "text": "you know, it's still a mixed bag. We"}, {"end": "02:12:30", "start": "02:12:27", "text": "have a lab in Scotland for a long time."}, {"end": "02:12:32", "start": "02:12:29", "text": "And so we kind of hear both sides of the"}, {"end": "02:12:35", "start": "02:12:30", "text": "politics, the proxit and the anti-rexit"}, {"end": "02:12:37", "start": "02:12:32", "text": "people. But that populist uprising did"}, {"end": "02:12:40", "start": "02:12:35", "text": "have that same sentiment. Why is it that"}, {"end": "02:12:42", "start": "02:12:37", "text": "I as a voter in the UK can say my"}, {"end": "02:12:44", "start": "02:12:40", "text": "opinion but then some European"}, {"end": "02:12:46", "start": "02:12:42", "text": "bureaucrat can override my opinion that"}, {"end": "02:12:49", "start": "02:12:44", "text": "I can't vote for and I have no control"}, {"end": "02:12:50", "start": "02:12:46", "text": "over. Is this a democracy or not? And so"}, {"end": "02:12:52", "start": "02:12:49", "text": "when you look at transnational body that"}, {"end": "02:12:54", "start": "02:12:50", "text": "comes in and they have some say or"}, {"end": "02:12:56", "start": "02:12:52", "text": "control over your country. No matter who"}, {"end": "02:12:57", "start": "02:12:54", "text": "you vote for the president, no matter"}, {"end": "02:13:00", "start": "02:12:56", "text": "what you do, they basically you're not"}, {"end": "02:13:02", "start": "02:12:57", "text": "in charge. It's like Bane like do you"}, {"end": "02:13:03", "start": "02:13:00", "text": "feel in charge? It's like that's that's"}, {"end": "02:13:05", "start": "02:13:02", "text": "these transnational bodies. They do"}, {"end": "02:13:07", "start": "02:13:03", "text": "these types of things. Um, now of course"}, {"end": "02:13:10", "start": "02:13:05", "text": "in America we don't mind because we run"}, {"end": "02:13:11", "start": "02:13:07", "text": "these bodies. It's one of our our"}, {"end": "02:13:13", "start": "02:13:10", "text": "batteries included on the American"}, {"end": "02:13:15", "start": "02:13:11", "text": "Empire. It gives us the ability to"}, {"end": "02:13:17", "start": "02:13:13", "text": "project force and for the most part it"}, {"end": "02:13:19", "start": "02:13:15", "text": "it does create stability inside the"}, {"end": "02:13:21", "start": "02:13:17", "text": "world because you get standardization"}, {"end": "02:13:24", "start": "02:13:19", "text": "and you know your money works everywhere"}, {"end": "02:13:26", "start": "02:13:21", "text": "and contract law and also somebody gets"}, {"end": "02:13:28", "start": "02:13:24", "text": "kidnapped or ransomed or something then"}, {"end": "02:13:29", "start": "02:13:26", "text": "maybe just maybe like we'll have"}, {"end": "02:13:31", "start": "02:13:28", "text": "international coordination on law"}, {"end": "02:13:33", "start": "02:13:29", "text": "enforcement and these other things. It's"}, {"end": "02:13:35", "start": "02:13:31", "text": "a way to kind of solve problems without"}, {"end": "02:13:36", "start": "02:13:33", "text": "having to go to war all the time or"}, {"end": "02:13:38", "start": "02:13:35", "text": "having to send spies and kill people or"}, {"end": "02:13:40", "start": "02:13:36", "text": "these types of things. Uh but on the"}, {"end": "02:13:42", "start": "02:13:38", "text": "other hand, it's a system that's ripe"}, {"end": "02:13:45", "start": "02:13:40", "text": "for abuse because if you can take over"}, {"end": "02:13:48", "start": "02:13:42", "text": "those those anchors of power, you can"}, {"end": "02:13:51", "start": "02:13:45", "text": "use those to benefit the people that put"}, {"end": "02:13:53", "start": "02:13:48", "text": "you there. You see, so it creates a"}, {"end": "02:13:56", "start": "02:13:51", "text": "shadow system of transnational"}, {"end": "02:13:58", "start": "02:13:53", "text": "governance across the world as a whole."}, {"end": "02:14:00", "start": "02:13:56", "text": "Uh and then also it creates very strong"}, {"end": "02:14:01", "start": "02:13:58", "text": "incentives for people try to opt out"}, {"end": "02:14:04", "start": "02:14:00", "text": "which is why you have competing systems"}, {"end": "02:14:05", "start": "02:14:01", "text": "like the BRICS system that Russia and"}, {"end": "02:14:07", "start": "02:14:04", "text": "China and these others are trying to"}, {"end": "02:14:09", "start": "02:14:05", "text": "push and you know propagate through. So"}, {"end": "02:14:11", "start": "02:14:07", "text": "these guys will say, \"Oh, well, you"}, {"end": "02:14:13", "start": "02:14:09", "text": "know, the American system is terrible"}, {"end": "02:14:14", "start": "02:14:11", "text": "and look how bad it is.\" And to a"}, {"end": "02:14:17", "start": "02:14:13", "text": "certain extent, you know, it's you can"}, {"end": "02:14:21", "start": "02:14:14", "text": "see the anger like in Switzerland after"}, {"end": "02:14:22", "start": "02:14:17", "text": "2022 when the Russians invaded Ukraine,"}, {"end": "02:14:25", "start": "02:14:21", "text": "the US government went to Switzerland"}, {"end": "02:14:26", "start": "02:14:22", "text": "said the Russians are persona on get rid"}, {"end": "02:14:28", "start": "02:14:25", "text": "of all those Russian accounts and all"}, {"end": "02:14:30", "start": "02:14:26", "text": "that Russian money. So the Swiss"}, {"end": "02:14:32", "start": "02:14:28", "text": "complied and like 50 billion plus"}, {"end": "02:14:34", "start": "02:14:30", "text": "dollars left Switzerland. Very expensive"}, {"end": "02:14:35", "start": "02:14:32", "text": "for a small country. So then the Swiss"}, {"end": "02:14:37", "start": "02:14:34", "text": "government says, \"Okay, we were good"}, {"end": "02:14:39", "start": "02:14:35", "text": "kids. So what do we get?\" And we're"}, {"end": "02:14:41", "start": "02:14:37", "text": "like, \"Go [\u00a0__\u00a0] yourself.\" They give him"}, {"end": "02:14:42", "start": "02:14:39", "text": "nothing for that, you know. And so then"}, {"end": "02:14:44", "start": "02:14:41", "text": "the Swiss remember that. They can't do"}, {"end": "02:14:46", "start": "02:14:42", "text": "anything about it right now, but they"}, {"end": "02:14:49", "start": "02:14:44", "text": "remember it. And then the next time"}, {"end": "02:14:51", "start": "02:14:46", "text": "China comes and says, you know, is it"}, {"end": "02:14:52", "start": "02:14:49", "text": "really worth your time being like so"}, {"end": "02:14:54", "start": "02:14:51", "text": "friendly and nice with the United"}, {"end": "02:14:56", "start": "02:14:52", "text": "States? And in some cases, the country"}, {"end": "02:14:58", "start": "02:14:54", "text": "doesn't comply. Like I remember I was in"}, {"end": "02:15:00", "start": "02:14:56", "text": "Abu Dhabi. I'll never forget this. I was"}, {"end": "02:15:02", "start": "02:14:58", "text": "in Abu Dhabi and I was sitting eating"}, {"end": "02:15:04", "start": "02:15:00", "text": "dinner and then suddenly I saw fighter"}, {"end": "02:15:06", "start": "02:15:02", "text": "jets fly overhead and they were painting"}, {"end": "02:15:08", "start": "02:15:04", "text": "the Russian flag in the sky. And I said,"}, {"end": "02:15:09", "start": "02:15:06", "text": "\"What the hell is going on?\" And it"}, {"end": "02:15:12", "start": "02:15:08", "text": "turned out Vladimir Putin was visiting"}, {"end": "02:15:14", "start": "02:15:09", "text": "Abu Dhabi that day and they gave him a"}, {"end": "02:15:16", "start": "02:15:12", "text": "hero's triumph. He comes in like a like"}, {"end": "02:15:18", "start": "02:15:14", "text": "a Roman general returning with the"}, {"end": "02:15:19", "start": "02:15:16", "text": "purple robes on, you know, for a"}, {"end": "02:15:21", "start": "02:15:18", "text": "triumph. Because what happened was that"}, {"end": "02:15:23", "start": "02:15:19", "text": "just a few weeks before the Treasury"}, {"end": "02:15:25", "start": "02:15:21", "text": "Secretary was there, the prior Treasury"}, {"end": "02:15:27", "start": "02:15:23", "text": "Secretary, and they were threatening Abu"}, {"end": "02:15:29", "start": "02:15:25", "text": "Dhabi with sanctions and all these"}, {"end": "02:15:31", "start": "02:15:27", "text": "things, had its blacklist over having"}, {"end": "02:15:33", "start": "02:15:29", "text": "Russian money in Abu Dhabi. And the king"}, {"end": "02:15:35", "start": "02:15:31", "text": "was very offended. And so he upgraded"}, {"end": "02:15:37", "start": "02:15:33", "text": "Putin's reception from hey you're a"}, {"end": "02:15:39", "start": "02:15:35", "text": "foreign head of state to welcome hero of"}, {"end": "02:15:41", "start": "02:15:37", "text": "the people just to [\u00a0__\u00a0] with the"}, {"end": "02:15:43", "start": "02:15:39", "text": "Americans thing you know and you can"}, {"end": "02:15:45", "start": "02:15:41", "text": "still find it on uh Twitter you can see"}, {"end": "02:15:47", "start": "02:15:43", "text": "the cuz it was all big news item of"}, {"end": "02:15:48", "start": "02:15:45", "text": "Putin coming to Abu Dhabi and these"}, {"end": "02:15:50", "start": "02:15:47", "text": "types of things cuz you know they did"}, {"end": "02:15:51", "start": "02:15:48", "text": "the calculation and they they told the"}, {"end": "02:15:53", "start": "02:15:50", "text": "Treasury Secretary this they say if I"}, {"end": "02:15:57", "start": "02:15:51", "text": "add up China, Russia, Middle East and"}, {"end": "02:15:59", "start": "02:15:53", "text": "Africa that's twice the size of Europe"}, {"end": "02:16:02", "start": "02:15:57", "text": "and United States in terms of GDP. And"}, {"end": "02:16:04", "start": "02:15:59", "text": "if you look at the GDP growth of that"}, {"end": "02:16:07", "start": "02:16:02", "text": "block versus the GDP growth of America"}, {"end": "02:16:09", "start": "02:16:04", "text": "and Europe, it's growing much faster. So"}, {"end": "02:16:11", "start": "02:16:07", "text": "if we're going to pick a side, we're"}, {"end": "02:16:13", "start": "02:16:09", "text": "going to pick that side. You understand"}, {"end": "02:16:15", "start": "02:16:11", "text": "that? And uh and then they realize they"}, {"end": "02:16:16", "start": "02:16:13", "text": "overplayed their hand. So that's the"}, {"end": "02:16:18", "start": "02:16:15", "text": "other danger of these transnational"}, {"end": "02:16:20", "start": "02:16:16", "text": "bodies. If you abuse them and overuse"}, {"end": "02:16:22", "start": "02:16:18", "text": "them, the resentment builds and you"}, {"end": "02:16:24", "start": "02:16:20", "text": "create a coalition of anger and then"}, {"end": "02:16:26", "start": "02:16:22", "text": "over time that forms into another"}, {"end": "02:16:28", "start": "02:16:24", "text": "economic block and then eventually"}, {"end": "02:16:31", "start": "02:16:26", "text": "people opt out of the system and then"}, {"end": "02:16:32", "start": "02:16:28", "text": "you lose the whole system as a whole. So"}, {"end": "02:16:33", "start": "02:16:31", "text": "that's another reason why"}, {"end": "02:16:35", "start": "02:16:32", "text": "cryptocurrencies are so appealing"}, {"end": "02:16:38", "start": "02:16:33", "text": "because it's a reset. How close are we"}, {"end": "02:16:40", "start": "02:16:35", "text": "to losing that system? Well, it depends"}, {"end": "02:16:42", "start": "02:16:38", "text": "on a variety of factors. If a world war"}, {"end": "02:16:45", "start": "02:16:40", "text": "happens, it's a reset and whoever wins"}, {"end": "02:16:46", "start": "02:16:42", "text": "gets the new system. Um, so China, US,"}, {"end": "02:16:48", "start": "02:16:45", "text": "if that breaks out, you know, through"}, {"end": "02:16:50", "start": "02:16:46", "text": "Cidities trap, we're, you know, we'll"}, {"end": "02:16:52", "start": "02:16:48", "text": "figure it out. Um, if the dollar"}, {"end": "02:16:54", "start": "02:16:50", "text": "collapses, we lose the system. We're at"}, {"end": "02:16:56", "start": "02:16:52", "text": "37 trillion in national debt right now."}, {"end": "02:16:57", "start": "02:16:54", "text": "That's the stuff on the books. But then"}, {"end": "02:16:59", "start": "02:16:56", "text": "when you look at the long-term"}, {"end": "02:17:00", "start": "02:16:57", "text": "liabilities, it's well over 50 trillion"}, {"end": "02:17:02", "start": "02:16:59", "text": "to 100 trillion depending on how you"}, {"end": "02:17:04", "start": "02:17:00", "text": "count it. And at some point, the"}, {"end": "02:17:05", "start": "02:17:02", "text": "interest on that's untenable. In fact,"}, {"end": "02:17:06", "start": "02:17:04", "text": "at the current rate of interest, we"}, {"end": "02:17:09", "start": "02:17:05", "text": "spend more on the interest on the debt"}, {"end": "02:17:10", "start": "02:17:06", "text": "than the entire US military. Just gives"}, {"end": "02:17:12", "start": "02:17:09", "text": "a sense of that. And if we continue"}, {"end": "02:17:14", "start": "02:17:10", "text": "spending the way we do, within 10-15"}, {"end": "02:17:16", "start": "02:17:12", "text": "years, we'll spend more than the US"}, {"end": "02:17:18", "start": "02:17:14", "text": "military, Medicare, Social Security, and"}, {"end": "02:17:20", "start": "02:17:16", "text": "education combined on interest on the"}, {"end": "02:17:23", "start": "02:17:18", "text": "debt. It's a very bad situation to be"}, {"end": "02:17:25", "start": "02:17:20", "text": "in. And the thing is that we don't feel"}, {"end": "02:17:26", "start": "02:17:23", "text": "real interest rates in our junk debt"}, {"end": "02:17:28", "start": "02:17:25", "text": "because we're the world reserve"}, {"end": "02:17:30", "start": "02:17:26", "text": "currency. And so we project that into"}, {"end": "02:17:32", "start": "02:17:28", "text": "the other countries first. They get"}, {"end": "02:17:35", "start": "02:17:30", "text": "first hit, then we get second hit"}, {"end": "02:17:36", "start": "02:17:32", "text": "because of our status. It creates a very"}, {"end": "02:17:39", "start": "02:17:35", "text": "strong incentive for them to ddollarize"}, {"end": "02:17:40", "start": "02:17:36", "text": "and get off the dollar. And it's a"}, {"end": "02:17:42", "start": "02:17:39", "text": "gradual thing little by little. And we"}, {"end": "02:17:45", "start": "02:17:40", "text": "see this belt road in China with the the"}, {"end": "02:17:47", "start": "02:17:42", "text": "digital yuan. They are slowly moving"}, {"end": "02:17:49", "start": "02:17:45", "text": "through and they don't just give you"}, {"end": "02:17:51", "start": "02:17:47", "text": "money, they give you an economic system."}, {"end": "02:17:53", "start": "02:17:49", "text": "So you adopt social credit, you adopt"}, {"end": "02:17:55", "start": "02:17:51", "text": "the digital yuan, you adopt the Chinese"}, {"end": "02:17:57", "start": "02:17:53", "text": "companies, you adopt the Chinese"}, {"end": "02:17:59", "start": "02:17:55", "text": "infrastructure, and you ddollarize in"}, {"end": "02:18:01", "start": "02:17:57", "text": "the process of doing that. So they have"}, {"end": "02:18:02", "start": "02:17:59", "text": "a 50-year plan, and they just go country"}, {"end": "02:18:04", "start": "02:18:01", "text": "by country, and they've taken all of"}, {"end": "02:18:06", "start": "02:18:02", "text": "Central Asia. They're taking big chunks"}, {"end": "02:18:08", "start": "02:18:04", "text": "of Africa like Zambia and other things"}, {"end": "02:18:11", "start": "02:18:06", "text": "like that. Uh so as long as that"}, {"end": "02:18:13", "start": "02:18:08", "text": "continues there's an inevitability of of"}, {"end": "02:18:14", "start": "02:18:11", "text": "a dollization of the world and then we"}, {"end": "02:18:16", "start": "02:18:13", "text": "have to pay real interest rates on the"}, {"end": "02:18:18", "start": "02:18:14", "text": "debt. The money collapses and then then"}, {"end": "02:18:20", "start": "02:18:16", "text": "that provokes a huge issue you know for"}, {"end": "02:18:23", "start": "02:18:18", "text": "us. So if left to the own devices"}, {"end": "02:18:25", "start": "02:18:20", "text": "nothing else changes then uh probably"}, {"end": "02:18:27", "start": "02:18:23", "text": "around the 2030s you'd be looking at"}, {"end": "02:18:29", "start": "02:18:25", "text": "that collapse. Now that said never bet"}, {"end": "02:18:31", "start": "02:18:27", "text": "against America you know cuz every time"}, {"end": "02:18:33", "start": "02:18:29", "text": "people said we're going to be dead in"}, {"end": "02:18:35", "start": "02:18:31", "text": "the water then [\u00a0__\u00a0] changes. some new"}, {"end": "02:18:37", "start": "02:18:33", "text": "leader comes in, some new policy comes"}, {"end": "02:18:38", "start": "02:18:35", "text": "in, some new innovation comes in. And"}, {"end": "02:18:40", "start": "02:18:37", "text": "really all it would take for us to get"}, {"end": "02:18:42", "start": "02:18:38", "text": "out of it is just five and five. 5% GDP"}, {"end": "02:18:44", "start": "02:18:40", "text": "growth rate and 5% reduction in the"}, {"end": "02:18:47", "start": "02:18:42", "text": "budget of the US government. Run that"}, {"end": "02:18:50", "start": "02:18:44", "text": "for 10 to 15 years. You cut the budget"}, {"end": "02:18:52", "start": "02:18:47", "text": "in half, you double the economy, and we"}, {"end": "02:18:53", "start": "02:18:50", "text": "can pay down all of our debt. It's not"}, {"end": "02:18:55", "start": "02:18:52", "text": "really a long time if you think about"}, {"end": "02:18:57", "start": "02:18:53", "text": "it. When Bill Clinton left office, we"}, {"end": "02:19:00", "start": "02:18:55", "text": "were only at 4 and a.5 trillion in debt."}, {"end": "02:19:02", "start": "02:18:57", "text": "Now we're at 37 trillion in debt. That"}, {"end": "02:19:04", "start": "02:19:00", "text": "wasn't a long time ago. you know, when"}, {"end": "02:19:06", "start": "02:19:02", "text": "you think about that and and so things"}, {"end": "02:19:08", "start": "02:19:04", "text": "can change very quickly in a very"}, {"end": "02:19:12", "start": "02:19:06", "text": "negative direction or in a very positive"}, {"end": "02:19:14", "start": "02:19:08", "text": "direction. Um, but you have to have an"}, {"end": "02:19:16", "start": "02:19:12", "text": "adult conversation about things. And the"}, {"end": "02:19:17", "start": "02:19:14", "text": "reason why people aren't willing to have"}, {"end": "02:19:20", "start": "02:19:16", "text": "an adult conversation, it goes back to"}, {"end": "02:19:21", "start": "02:19:17", "text": "what blockchain is for, which is trust."}, {"end": "02:19:23", "start": "02:19:20", "text": "You can't have an adult conversation if"}, {"end": "02:19:24", "start": "02:19:21", "text": "you don't trust the person sitting"}, {"end": "02:19:27", "start": "02:19:23", "text": "across from you. If you think that that"}, {"end": "02:19:29", "start": "02:19:24", "text": "person doesn't have your best interest"}, {"end": "02:19:30", "start": "02:19:27", "text": "at heart, if you think that person's"}, {"end": "02:19:33", "start": "02:19:29", "text": "intrinsically corrupt and whatever"}, {"end": "02:19:35", "start": "02:19:30", "text": "they're proposing is through a lens of"}, {"end": "02:19:37", "start": "02:19:33", "text": "something to steal something from you,"}, {"end": "02:19:39", "start": "02:19:35", "text": "even if they have the best idea in the"}, {"end": "02:19:40", "start": "02:19:37", "text": "world, you're not going to say yes to"}, {"end": "02:19:42", "start": "02:19:39", "text": "that idea because you just you can't get"}, {"end": "02:19:45", "start": "02:19:40", "text": "there on the trust side of things. So"}, {"end": "02:19:46", "start": "02:19:42", "text": "the real reset is the trust reset. How"}, {"end": "02:19:48", "start": "02:19:45", "text": "do you get the social systems where"}, {"end": "02:19:50", "start": "02:19:46", "text": "whether you're a Democrat or Republican,"}, {"end": "02:19:52", "start": "02:19:48", "text": "left or right, you're one political"}, {"end": "02:19:54", "start": "02:19:50", "text": "persuasion or the other, you trust that"}, {"end": "02:19:56", "start": "02:19:52", "text": "system. You say that system is okay."}, {"end": "02:19:58", "start": "02:19:54", "text": "That is the space you can negotiate and"}, {"end": "02:20:00", "start": "02:19:56", "text": "then you can bring problems into the"}, {"end": "02:20:02", "start": "02:19:58", "text": "domain and objectively speaking is it"}, {"end": "02:20:04", "start": "02:20:00", "text": "sensible that we have 37 trillion in"}, {"end": "02:20:07", "start": "02:20:02", "text": "national debt? No. Is it sensible that"}, {"end": "02:20:08", "start": "02:20:04", "text": "when we fight wars we lose them now even"}, {"end": "02:20:10", "start": "02:20:07", "text": "though we spend more money than any"}, {"end": "02:20:11", "start": "02:20:08", "text": "country in the world on the military and"}, {"end": "02:20:14", "start": "02:20:10", "text": "we have the best warriors in the history"}, {"end": "02:20:16", "start": "02:20:11", "text": "of the world? No. It's not sensible. Is"}, {"end": "02:20:18", "start": "02:20:14", "text": "it sensible that we spend two to four"}, {"end": "02:20:20", "start": "02:20:16", "text": "times as much money on healthcare as our"}, {"end": "02:20:23", "start": "02:20:18", "text": "peers but we have a lower quality for"}, {"end": "02:20:25", "start": "02:20:20", "text": "that? No. Is it sensible that you know"}, {"end": "02:20:26", "start": "02:20:23", "text": "social security is basically a Ponzi"}, {"end": "02:20:27", "start": "02:20:25", "text": "scheme? You're going to pay in it your"}, {"end": "02:20:29", "start": "02:20:26", "text": "whole life. You're not going to get"}, {"end": "02:20:31", "start": "02:20:27", "text": "anywhere near what you paid into it back"}, {"end": "02:20:33", "start": "02:20:29", "text": "if you just invested it. And there's a"}, {"end": "02:20:34", "start": "02:20:31", "text": "strong possibility when they means test"}, {"end": "02:20:36", "start": "02:20:33", "text": "it a lot of people will just be dropped"}, {"end": "02:20:38", "start": "02:20:34", "text": "out. So they never get anything even"}, {"end": "02:20:40", "start": "02:20:36", "text": "though they paid into it. Probably not."}, {"end": "02:20:42", "start": "02:20:38", "text": "No. Okay. So we start getting some"}, {"end": "02:20:45", "start": "02:20:40", "text": "consensus that these are not sensible"}, {"end": "02:20:47", "start": "02:20:42", "text": "things. Notice we didn't say universal"}, {"end": "02:20:49", "start": "02:20:45", "text": "healthcare or complete free market or"}, {"end": "02:20:51", "start": "02:20:47", "text": "this thing or that thing. We just get an"}, {"end": "02:20:53", "start": "02:20:49", "text": "agreement that these are problems."}, {"end": "02:20:55", "start": "02:20:51", "text": "then you can negotiate and start talking"}, {"end": "02:20:57", "start": "02:20:53", "text": "around that. And because you have a"}, {"end": "02:20:58", "start": "02:20:55", "text": "negotiation from a position of trust,"}, {"end": "02:20:59", "start": "02:20:57", "text": "everybody's working in the same"}, {"end": "02:21:01", "start": "02:20:58", "text": "direction because they're trying to"}, {"end": "02:21:03", "start": "02:20:59", "text": "solve the same problem and it's just a"}, {"end": "02:21:04", "start": "02:21:01", "text": "matter of compromises. So that's the"}, {"end": "02:21:06", "start": "02:21:03", "text": "only way to solve it. And and until"}, {"end": "02:21:08", "start": "02:21:04", "text": "that's done, there's an inevitability of"}, {"end": "02:21:11", "start": "02:21:06", "text": "collapse. And typically what happens is"}, {"end": "02:21:13", "start": "02:21:08", "text": "the collapsing empire tries to provoke a"}, {"end": "02:21:16", "start": "02:21:11", "text": "conflict to to restore itself. And so"}, {"end": "02:21:18", "start": "02:21:13", "text": "that's what begins with a world war, you"}, {"end": "02:21:20", "start": "02:21:16", "text": "know, against emerging powers. uh so"}, {"end": "02:21:22", "start": "02:21:18", "text": "we'll see what happens but you know it's"}, {"end": "02:21:24", "start": "02:21:20", "text": "a difficult time. The other thing that"}, {"end": "02:21:25", "start": "02:21:22", "text": "really causes some complication is that"}, {"end": "02:21:28", "start": "02:21:24", "text": "we have too many exponential"}, {"end": "02:21:30", "start": "02:21:25", "text": "technologies. So the 20th century was"}, {"end": "02:21:32", "start": "02:21:28", "text": "the introduction of an exponential"}, {"end": "02:21:34", "start": "02:21:30", "text": "technology. It's multiple ones. The the"}, {"end": "02:21:36", "start": "02:21:32", "text": "nuclear weapons were the first example"}, {"end": "02:21:38", "start": "02:21:34", "text": "of that. Bombs were linear before that."}, {"end": "02:21:41", "start": "02:21:36", "text": "You know more explosive bigger blast"}, {"end": "02:21:43", "start": "02:21:38", "text": "linear scale with nukes like a little"}, {"end": "02:21:45", "start": "02:21:41", "text": "bit. Wow it's big. A little bit more. Oh"}, {"end": "02:21:49", "start": "02:21:43", "text": "my god it's exponentially larger. And"}, {"end": "02:21:52", "start": "02:21:45", "text": "and so the first atomic bomb was in the"}, {"end": "02:21:54", "start": "02:21:49", "text": "kilotons and within just a decade we"}, {"end": "02:21:56", "start": "02:21:52", "text": "were in the megat tons thousands of"}, {"end": "02:21:59", "start": "02:21:54", "text": "times more destructive. Look at Zarbomba"}, {"end": "02:22:01", "start": "02:21:56", "text": "it was 50 megat tons. Hiroshima was like"}, {"end": "02:22:04", "start": "02:21:59", "text": "30 or 40 kilotons you know of"}, {"end": "02:22:06", "start": "02:22:01", "text": "destructive power. So exponential growth"}, {"end": "02:22:08", "start": "02:22:04", "text": "meant that we had invented something for"}, {"end": "02:22:09", "start": "02:22:06", "text": "the first time in human history that"}, {"end": "02:22:11", "start": "02:22:08", "text": "could actually wipe out the entire"}, {"end": "02:22:14", "start": "02:22:09", "text": "species. And we actually came"}, {"end": "02:22:16", "start": "02:22:11", "text": "ridiculously close once in 1962 and it"}, {"end": "02:22:18", "start": "02:22:14", "text": "was literally a a first officer in a sub"}, {"end": "02:22:20", "start": "02:22:16", "text": "who decided not to turn his key. And"}, {"end": "02:22:22", "start": "02:22:18", "text": "then again in the 80s and it was a"}, {"end": "02:22:24", "start": "02:22:20", "text": "lieutenant colonel you who was running a"}, {"end": "02:22:26", "start": "02:22:22", "text": "nuclear silo in Moscow and it was a"}, {"end": "02:22:28", "start": "02:22:24", "text": "computer software bug and it was telling"}, {"end": "02:22:30", "start": "02:22:26", "text": "him that we had launched weapons at"}, {"end": "02:22:32", "start": "02:22:28", "text": "Russia and and the he was instructed to"}, {"end": "02:22:33", "start": "02:22:30", "text": "launch nuclear weapons at us and he"}, {"end": "02:22:35", "start": "02:22:32", "text": "wouldn't do it because he didn't want to"}, {"end": "02:22:38", "start": "02:22:33", "text": "end the world. So like literally like"}, {"end": "02:22:40", "start": "02:22:35", "text": "two people were prevented the world from"}, {"end": "02:22:42", "start": "02:22:38", "text": "nuclear Armageddon just by themselves."}, {"end": "02:22:44", "start": "02:22:40", "text": "And in both cases they were harshly"}, {"end": "02:22:46", "start": "02:22:42", "text": "punished by the Soviet system which is"}, {"end": "02:22:49", "start": "02:22:44", "text": "just ironic. But anyway exponential"}, {"end": "02:22:50", "start": "02:22:46", "text": "technologies are very dangerous. And"}, {"end": "02:22:52", "start": "02:22:49", "text": "then when you look at it now we have"}, {"end": "02:22:54", "start": "02:22:50", "text": "multiple exponential technologies"}, {"end": "02:22:55", "start": "02:22:52", "text": "sneaking their way through. You have"}, {"end": "02:22:57", "start": "02:22:54", "text": "synthetic biology we talked about a"}, {"end": "02:22:59", "start": "02:22:55", "text": "little earlier. It can be used for many"}, {"end": "02:23:01", "start": "02:22:57", "text": "things. We saw like some people think CO"}, {"end": "02:23:04", "start": "02:22:59", "text": "was made in a lab. Well, whether you"}, {"end": "02:23:05", "start": "02:23:01", "text": "believe it or not, it's undeniably true"}, {"end": "02:23:07", "start": "02:23:04", "text": "that people are using gain of function"}, {"end": "02:23:10", "start": "02:23:05", "text": "research to build diseases that have a"}, {"end": "02:23:11", "start": "02:23:07", "text": "50% mortality rate or 60% mortality"}, {"end": "02:23:13", "start": "02:23:10", "text": "rate. And they just blindly pretend like"}, {"end": "02:23:15", "start": "02:23:11", "text": "that it's a good idea. You've made"}, {"end": "02:23:17", "start": "02:23:13", "text": "something that if it ever got loose"}, {"end": "02:23:19", "start": "02:23:15", "text": "would kill three billion people. It's"}, {"end": "02:23:21", "start": "02:23:17", "text": "just it's so foundationally unethical,"}, {"end": "02:23:24", "start": "02:23:19", "text": "but it's exponential because it's not a"}, {"end": "02:23:26", "start": "02:23:21", "text": "billion people working on that. It's 10"}, {"end": "02:23:28", "start": "02:23:24", "text": "guys in a lab working on something that"}, {"end": "02:23:30", "start": "02:23:26", "text": "has a consequence at the scale of three"}, {"end": "02:23:31", "start": "02:23:28", "text": "billion, you know. And it's the same"}, {"end": "02:23:34", "start": "02:23:30", "text": "when you look at artificial"}, {"end": "02:23:36", "start": "02:23:31", "text": "intelligence. Is it 500 million people"}, {"end": "02:23:38", "start": "02:23:34", "text": "working all together? No. It's like"}, {"end": "02:23:40", "start": "02:23:36", "text": "OpenAI has a few thousand employees and"}, {"end": "02:23:42", "start": "02:23:38", "text": "Enthropic has a few thousand employees"}, {"end": "02:23:43", "start": "02:23:40", "text": "and Google's AI group is a few thousand"}, {"end": "02:23:46", "start": "02:23:42", "text": "people and Microsoft's a group is a few"}, {"end": "02:23:48", "start": "02:23:43", "text": "thousand people. There's 800 million"}, {"end": "02:23:51", "start": "02:23:46", "text": "users for open AI. So a few thousand"}, {"end": "02:23:54", "start": "02:23:48", "text": "people translate to a scale of 800"}, {"end": "02:23:55", "start": "02:23:51", "text": "million. So our governance systems were"}, {"end": "02:23:57", "start": "02:23:54", "text": "not designed for this and the world"}, {"end": "02:24:01", "start": "02:23:55", "text": "order was not designed for this. this"}, {"end": "02:24:04", "start": "02:23:57", "text": "idea of such a profound asymmetry. You"}, {"end": "02:24:06", "start": "02:24:01", "text": "can't have a few thousand people just do"}, {"end": "02:24:07", "start": "02:24:04", "text": "something and then somehow now that"}, {"end": "02:24:09", "start": "02:24:06", "text": "impacts a billion people. Nobody"}, {"end": "02:24:12", "start": "02:24:07", "text": "consented to that asymmetrical"}, {"end": "02:24:14", "start": "02:24:09", "text": "relationship cuz it's always easy to go"}, {"end": "02:24:16", "start": "02:24:12", "text": "Jim Jones and have a few thousand crazy"}, {"end": "02:24:19", "start": "02:24:14", "text": "people and then suddenly those few"}, {"end": "02:24:22", "start": "02:24:16", "text": "thousand crazy people get to inflict"}, {"end": "02:24:23", "start": "02:24:19", "text": "upon the world their whole philosophy"}, {"end": "02:24:26", "start": "02:24:22", "text": "and their ideas because of that"}, {"end": "02:24:28", "start": "02:24:23", "text": "consequence. We have no governing system"}, {"end": "02:24:29", "start": "02:24:26", "text": "for exponential technology. This is the"}, {"end": "02:24:31", "start": "02:24:28", "text": "blockchain is probably the only layer"}, {"end": "02:24:33", "start": "02:24:29", "text": "that can do it because it's born of"}, {"end": "02:24:35", "start": "02:24:31", "text": "that. Uh but you need a regulating"}, {"end": "02:24:37", "start": "02:24:33", "text": "system for these and and it has to be"}, {"end": "02:24:39", "start": "02:24:35", "text": "global in nature and everybody has to"}, {"end": "02:24:40", "start": "02:24:37", "text": "get along for it to work. Well, if they"}, {"end": "02:24:43", "start": "02:24:39", "text": "can't trust each other and they can't"}, {"end": "02:24:44", "start": "02:24:40", "text": "get along, how do they make a decision?"}, {"end": "02:24:45", "start": "02:24:43", "text": "You want to solve climate change or"}, {"end": "02:24:47", "start": "02:24:44", "text": "whatever. If you believe it, you don't"}, {"end": "02:24:48", "start": "02:24:45", "text": "believe it, how do you sign a treaty if"}, {"end": "02:24:50", "start": "02:24:47", "text": "China is not going to be part of it,"}, {"end": "02:24:51", "start": "02:24:48", "text": "India is not going to be part of it,"}, {"end": "02:24:53", "start": "02:24:50", "text": "Russia is not going to be part of it."}, {"end": "02:24:55", "start": "02:24:51", "text": "It's one global commons and that's one"}, {"end": "02:24:57", "start": "02:24:53", "text": "problem. But then there's another"}, {"end": "02:24:59", "start": "02:24:55", "text": "problem like AI, that's another problem."}, {"end": "02:25:00", "start": "02:24:57", "text": "Then there's synthetic biology, that's"}, {"end": "02:25:01", "start": "02:24:59", "text": "another problem. Quantum computing,"}, {"end": "02:25:03", "start": "02:25:00", "text": "that's another problem. There's all"}, {"end": "02:25:05", "start": "02:25:01", "text": "these things you can use. They're very"}, {"end": "02:25:07", "start": "02:25:03", "text": "dangerous if they're misused. Uh so"}, {"end": "02:25:10", "start": "02:25:05", "text": "global governments has to solve that as"}, {"end": "02:25:11", "start": "02:25:07", "text": "well. And um one way of doing it is"}, {"end": "02:25:13", "start": "02:25:10", "text": "create a transnational order, one world"}, {"end": "02:25:16", "start": "02:25:11", "text": "government. They run everything and they"}, {"end": "02:25:19", "start": "02:25:13", "text": "just control people in dystopian claus"}, {"end": "02:25:21", "start": "02:25:16", "text": "way. Another way is to try to"}, {"end": "02:25:23", "start": "02:25:19", "text": "decentralize and and try to push these"}, {"end": "02:25:24", "start": "02:25:21", "text": "things into the commons and and have"}, {"end": "02:25:26", "start": "02:25:23", "text": "them jointly controlled by as many"}, {"end": "02:25:27", "start": "02:25:24", "text": "people as possible because you can even"}, {"end": "02:25:29", "start": "02:25:26", "text": "for example AI. You can build a"}, {"end": "02:25:31", "start": "02:25:27", "text": "decentralized AI with blockchain. You"}, {"end": "02:25:33", "start": "02:25:29", "text": "can have the inference like Bitcoin is"}, {"end": "02:25:34", "start": "02:25:31", "text": "held up with a supercomputer, right?"}, {"end": "02:25:36", "start": "02:25:33", "text": "Well, you could build a different kind"}, {"end": "02:25:38", "start": "02:25:34", "text": "of computer with graphics cards and"}, {"end": "02:25:41", "start": "02:25:36", "text": "create a distributed computer that's"}, {"end": "02:25:43", "start": "02:25:38", "text": "more powerful than Microsoft Azure or or"}, {"end": "02:25:45", "start": "02:25:41", "text": "Amazon Web Services or any of these"}, {"end": "02:25:47", "start": "02:25:43", "text": "things, but that's not owned by a"}, {"end": "02:25:50", "start": "02:25:45", "text": "company. It's a digital commons and then"}, {"end": "02:25:51", "start": "02:25:47", "text": "you could put those rules in for the"}, {"end": "02:25:52", "start": "02:25:50", "text": "alignment of the system and the"}, {"end": "02:25:54", "start": "02:25:51", "text": "inference of the system and it's the"}, {"end": "02:25:57", "start": "02:25:52", "text": "very same rules that would guard a money"}, {"end": "02:25:58", "start": "02:25:54", "text": "system or a supply chain system or a"}, {"end": "02:26:00", "start": "02:25:57", "text": "voting system or something like that. So"}, {"end": "02:26:03", "start": "02:25:58", "text": "you could just have all that stuff in"}, {"end": "02:26:07", "start": "02:26:00", "text": "there and that's the magic of uh of what"}, {"end": "02:26:09", "start": "02:26:03", "text": "we do. Uh so it's fun because just like"}, {"end": "02:26:11", "start": "02:26:07", "text": "when I was studying Ron Paul stuff and"}, {"end": "02:26:13", "start": "02:26:09", "text": "the early days I didn't know that that"}, {"end": "02:26:15", "start": "02:26:11", "text": "knowledge base would be relevant for"}, {"end": "02:26:16", "start": "02:26:13", "text": "cryptocurrencies. I didn't realize that"}, {"end": "02:26:18", "start": "02:26:15", "text": "what we were learning in the blockchain"}, {"end": "02:26:20", "start": "02:26:16", "text": "cryptocurrency space is just as"}, {"end": "02:26:22", "start": "02:26:18", "text": "applicable for how would you regulate"}, {"end": "02:26:24", "start": "02:26:20", "text": "and control an exponential technology or"}, {"end": "02:26:25", "start": "02:26:22", "text": "create a global governance system or you"}, {"end": "02:26:27", "start": "02:26:24", "text": "know these types of things. It turns out"}, {"end": "02:26:28", "start": "02:26:25", "text": "it's an emergent property. It's"}, {"end": "02:26:31", "start": "02:26:27", "text": "something that you actually have to"}, {"end": "02:26:33", "start": "02:26:28", "text": "solve. How how is El Salvador dealing"}, {"end": "02:26:35", "start": "02:26:31", "text": "with the with the volatility of Bitcoin?"}, {"end": "02:26:36", "start": "02:26:33", "text": "Well, you know that's a red herring. You"}, {"end": "02:26:38", "start": "02:26:35", "text": "know, people, oh, it's so volatile. It's"}, {"end": "02:26:39", "start": "02:26:36", "text": "like, yeah, but gold is volatile and"}, {"end": "02:26:42", "start": "02:26:38", "text": "we've had it as a money system or a"}, {"end": "02:26:45", "start": "02:26:39", "text": "value system for 5,000 years. Volatility"}, {"end": "02:26:47", "start": "02:26:42", "text": "is not a problem. What's a problem is"}, {"end": "02:26:49", "start": "02:26:45", "text": "the lack of financial markets to deal"}, {"end": "02:26:51", "start": "02:26:47", "text": "with the volatility. You know, you"}, {"end": "02:26:53", "start": "02:26:49", "text": "always in volatility, you're going to"}, {"end": "02:26:56", "start": "02:26:51", "text": "have winners and losers. And if your"}, {"end": "02:26:58", "start": "02:26:53", "text": "preference as a merchant or a holder is"}, {"end": "02:27:02", "start": "02:26:56", "text": "stability, what you want to do is have a"}, {"end": "02:27:05", "start": "02:26:58", "text": "market that allows you to trade your"}, {"end": "02:27:07", "start": "02:27:02", "text": "upside to protect you from the downside."}, {"end": "02:27:11", "start": "02:27:05", "text": "Mhm. Okay. So I keep my buying power at"}, {"end": "02:27:13", "start": "02:27:07", "text": "this level and then you will take the"}, {"end": "02:27:15", "start": "02:27:11", "text": "upside and and accept the downside. So"}, {"end": "02:27:18", "start": "02:27:13", "text": "for example for a stock you can buy"}, {"end": "02:27:19", "start": "02:27:15", "text": "options on both sides. You buy a collar,"}, {"end": "02:27:21", "start": "02:27:18", "text": "you can have a put and you can have a"}, {"end": "02:27:23", "start": "02:27:19", "text": "call option. So if it goes to the moon"}, {"end": "02:27:25", "start": "02:27:21", "text": "you have a exit strategy uh and if it"}, {"end": "02:27:28", "start": "02:27:23", "text": "goes false you have an ex and you you"}, {"end": "02:27:30", "start": "02:27:25", "text": "stay within that bound. So your losses"}, {"end": "02:27:32", "start": "02:27:28", "text": "and gains are are basically bounded. Now"}, {"end": "02:27:33", "start": "02:27:30", "text": "there has to be a counterparty who"}, {"end": "02:27:35", "start": "02:27:32", "text": "accepts that risk and there's"}, {"end": "02:27:37", "start": "02:27:33", "text": "counterparty risk for these types of"}, {"end": "02:27:39", "start": "02:27:35", "text": "things. So really it's a question of how"}, {"end": "02:27:41", "start": "02:27:37", "text": "deep are the markets, how do you ensure"}, {"end": "02:27:43", "start": "02:27:39", "text": "things, how do you manage counterparty"}, {"end": "02:27:45", "start": "02:27:41", "text": "risks. Why cryptocurrencies had such a"}, {"end": "02:27:48", "start": "02:27:43", "text": "hard go of things is they were not born"}, {"end": "02:27:52", "start": "02:27:45", "text": "of Wall Street. So Wall Street is the"}, {"end": "02:27:53", "start": "02:27:48", "text": "ninja master of trading these things. If"}, {"end": "02:27:55", "start": "02:27:52", "text": "you have a racehorse and you give it to"}, {"end": "02:27:58", "start": "02:27:53", "text": "a Wall Street guy, he's going to take"}, {"end": "02:28:00", "start": "02:27:55", "text": "the dick, the testicles, the teeth, and"}, {"end": "02:28:01", "start": "02:27:58", "text": "turn them into structured financial"}, {"end": "02:28:03", "start": "02:28:00", "text": "products and sell it to some guy in"}, {"end": "02:28:05", "start": "02:28:01", "text": "Saudi Arabia. Okay, this is just the the"}, {"end": "02:28:07", "start": "02:28:03", "text": "thing Wall Street people do. They're"}, {"end": "02:28:10", "start": "02:28:05", "text": "they're addicted to it. It's they they"}, {"end": "02:28:12", "start": "02:28:07", "text": "just securitize and and quantify and"}, {"end": "02:28:14", "start": "02:28:10", "text": "qualify as much as you can imagine."}, {"end": "02:28:16", "start": "02:28:12", "text": "Because it wasn't born of Wall Street,"}, {"end": "02:28:18", "start": "02:28:14", "text": "there were no guys in the room who had"}, {"end": "02:28:19", "start": "02:28:16", "text": "the ability to do that or the regulatory"}, {"end": "02:28:21", "start": "02:28:18", "text": "remit to do that or markets to trade"}, {"end": "02:28:23", "start": "02:28:19", "text": "these types of things on. This is why"}, {"end": "02:28:26", "start": "02:28:21", "text": "it's so important that the trady and"}, {"end": "02:28:28", "start": "02:28:23", "text": "DeFi sides come together because they do"}, {"end": "02:28:30", "start": "02:28:26", "text": "different things. The DeFi side does the"}, {"end": "02:28:33", "start": "02:28:28", "text": "trust thing like I was just talking"}, {"end": "02:28:35", "start": "02:28:30", "text": "about. But the trfy thing does let's"}, {"end": "02:28:36", "start": "02:28:33", "text": "build markets, let's build liquidity,"}, {"end": "02:28:39", "start": "02:28:35", "text": "let's market make, let's trade risk,"}, {"end": "02:28:41", "start": "02:28:36", "text": "let's ensure, let's move capital around,"}, {"end": "02:28:43", "start": "02:28:39", "text": "let's build structure upon structure"}, {"end": "02:28:45", "start": "02:28:41", "text": "upon structure to deal with these"}, {"end": "02:28:47", "start": "02:28:43", "text": "things. And the end consequences as an"}, {"end": "02:28:49", "start": "02:28:45", "text": "interface to that marketplace, you're in"}, {"end": "02:28:51", "start": "02:28:47", "text": "the driver's seat to basically make a"}, {"end": "02:28:53", "start": "02:28:49", "text": "decision of what to do. And so you can"}, {"end": "02:28:55", "start": "02:28:51", "text": "say, \"Okay, well, I'm not really"}, {"end": "02:28:58", "start": "02:28:53", "text": "comfortable with downside risk above"}, {"end": "02:29:00", "start": "02:28:55", "text": "this amount. So if it falls this far,"}, {"end": "02:29:01", "start": "02:28:58", "text": "this other guy will take it from me and"}, {"end": "02:29:03", "start": "02:29:00", "text": "I'll make a deal with him that, you"}, {"end": "02:29:06", "start": "02:29:01", "text": "know, I pay him x amount of dollars for"}, {"end": "02:29:07", "start": "02:29:03", "text": "that downside risk.\" And uh, you know,"}, {"end": "02:29:09", "start": "02:29:06", "text": "maybe he wins, maybe he loses, but"}, {"end": "02:29:11", "start": "02:29:07", "text": "that's not my [\u00a0__\u00a0] problem. It's his"}, {"end": "02:29:14", "start": "02:29:09", "text": "problem. And then if it goes way up,"}, {"end": "02:29:16", "start": "02:29:11", "text": "great. Make good returns. Um, we do this"}, {"end": "02:29:19", "start": "02:29:14", "text": "all the time. Like um, every time you"}, {"end": "02:29:21", "start": "02:29:16", "text": "step on a plane, it's insured. And the"}, {"end": "02:29:23", "start": "02:29:19", "text": "aerospace uh you know the airline"}, {"end": "02:29:24", "start": "02:29:21", "text": "companies they buy fuel with futures"}, {"end": "02:29:26", "start": "02:29:23", "text": "contracts so they can lock in the price"}, {"end": "02:29:28", "start": "02:29:24", "text": "because they need predictability. They"}, {"end": "02:29:30", "start": "02:29:26", "text": "can't run a business if the price of jet"}, {"end": "02:29:32", "start": "02:29:28", "text": "fuel goes way up. Like what if a war"}, {"end": "02:29:34", "start": "02:29:30", "text": "breaks out like then suddenly United and"}, {"end": "02:29:36", "start": "02:29:32", "text": "Delta and all these other guys they go"}, {"end": "02:29:38", "start": "02:29:34", "text": "from profitable companies to you know in"}, {"end": "02:29:40", "start": "02:29:36", "text": "the red all the time. So they need to"}, {"end": "02:29:42", "start": "02:29:38", "text": "lock in that price of fuel for as long"}, {"end": "02:29:43", "start": "02:29:40", "text": "as they can. So that's what a futures"}, {"end": "02:29:46", "start": "02:29:42", "text": "market does. It gives you the ability to"}, {"end": "02:29:48", "start": "02:29:43", "text": "lock things in and uh and take delivery."}, {"end": "02:29:50", "start": "02:29:46", "text": "So uh these are the things that you do"}, {"end": "02:29:54", "start": "02:29:48", "text": "and you know these are the mechanisms"}, {"end": "02:29:54", "start": "02:29:50", "text": "but more broadly it's"}, {"end": "02:30:00", "start": "02:29:54", "text": "it's different boats for different"}, {"end": "02:30:02", "start": "02:29:56", "text": "floats for small businesses to midsize"}, {"end": "02:30:04", "start": "02:30:00", "text": "businesses even the big businesses what"}, {"end": "02:30:07", "start": "02:30:02", "text": "crypto is doing for them is it's giving"}, {"end": "02:30:10", "start": "02:30:04", "text": "them more markets more liquidity and"}, {"end": "02:30:11", "start": "02:30:07", "text": "more optionality on the value that they"}, {"end": "02:30:12", "start": "02:30:10", "text": "have. So, let's say you're a"}, {"end": "02:30:14", "start": "02:30:11", "text": "pharmaceutical company and you're doing"}, {"end": "02:30:16", "start": "02:30:12", "text": "drug development. You're doing some"}, {"end": "02:30:19", "start": "02:30:14", "text": "state-of-the-art amazing things, but"}, {"end": "02:30:20", "start": "02:30:16", "text": "they're not valuable yet. You have the"}, {"end": "02:30:21", "start": "02:30:19", "text": "patents, you have all these other"}, {"end": "02:30:23", "start": "02:30:20", "text": "things. So, what's your option for"}, {"end": "02:30:24", "start": "02:30:21", "text": "liquidity? Because you got payroll. You"}, {"end": "02:30:26", "start": "02:30:23", "text": "got to pay your scientists. You got to"}, {"end": "02:30:28", "start": "02:30:24", "text": "pay for the clinical trials. You got to"}, {"end": "02:30:29", "start": "02:30:26", "text": "pay for all this stuff. Now, if you get"}, {"end": "02:30:31", "start": "02:30:28", "text": "it right, you're now a multi-billion"}, {"end": "02:30:33", "start": "02:30:29", "text": "dollar company. Fizer buys you tomorrow."}, {"end": "02:30:35", "start": "02:30:31", "text": "Congratulations. But you have to wait 10"}, {"end": "02:30:36", "start": "02:30:33", "text": "years to get it right. So, you have to"}, {"end": "02:30:38", "start": "02:30:35", "text": "go to a venture capitalist and they're"}, {"end": "02:30:40", "start": "02:30:36", "text": "like, \"Yeah, all right. Well, I'll give"}, {"end": "02:30:42", "start": "02:30:38", "text": "you some money. Yeah, give me 30% of"}, {"end": "02:30:44", "start": "02:30:40", "text": "your company and uh you know this and"}, {"end": "02:30:45", "start": "02:30:42", "text": "this and this and this and you see see"}, {"end": "02:30:48", "start": "02:30:44", "text": "all of a sudden you just get like"}, {"end": "02:30:49", "start": "02:30:45", "text": "predatory userist rates and that's their"}, {"end": "02:30:52", "start": "02:30:48", "text": "lived experience. Well, what if I could"}, {"end": "02:30:55", "start": "02:30:49", "text": "tokenize my intellectual property and I"}, {"end": "02:30:57", "start": "02:30:52", "text": "could sell it almost like a micro IPO."}, {"end": "02:30:58", "start": "02:30:55", "text": "Now all of a sudden a larger group of"}, {"end": "02:31:01", "start": "02:30:57", "text": "people can participate. I get a better"}, {"end": "02:31:03", "start": "02:30:58", "text": "deal. So maybe instead of selling 30% of"}, {"end": "02:31:05", "start": "02:31:01", "text": "my company, I sell 15% of the upside on"}, {"end": "02:31:08", "start": "02:31:03", "text": "the patent portfolio or something like"}, {"end": "02:31:09", "start": "02:31:05", "text": "that. So larger market, more investors,"}, {"end": "02:31:12", "start": "02:31:08", "text": "more fair transactions. Same for micro"}, {"end": "02:31:14", "start": "02:31:09", "text": "finance. If you do like smallcale loans"}, {"end": "02:31:16", "start": "02:31:12", "text": "in Africa or other places like we do"}, {"end": "02:31:19", "start": "02:31:14", "text": "loans in Kenya, Uganda and uh some of"}, {"end": "02:31:22", "start": "02:31:16", "text": "these markets are so predatory like 85%"}, {"end": "02:31:24", "start": "02:31:19", "text": "interest for loans that are 85% 85%"}, {"end": "02:31:26", "start": "02:31:22", "text": "interest for loans that are 90 days. So"}, {"end": "02:31:29", "start": "02:31:24", "text": "you'll go and borrow like 100 bucks,"}, {"end": "02:31:32", "start": "02:31:26", "text": "have to pay 30 days, you know, 185 back."}, {"end": "02:31:34", "start": "02:31:29", "text": "It's just it's so userous. And why?"}, {"end": "02:31:35", "start": "02:31:32", "text": "because they're very thin markets and"}, {"end": "02:31:37", "start": "02:31:34", "text": "there's tons of middlemen and there's"}, {"end": "02:31:39", "start": "02:31:35", "text": "forex risk because the local currency is"}, {"end": "02:31:41", "start": "02:31:37", "text": "is always going up and down and all"}, {"end": "02:31:43", "start": "02:31:39", "text": "these other things. Well, you make it"}, {"end": "02:31:46", "start": "02:31:41", "text": "decentralized, you bring a lot of people"}, {"end": "02:31:49", "start": "02:31:43", "text": "in, then suddenly it falls from 85% to"}, {"end": "02:31:51", "start": "02:31:46", "text": "18%. And your default rates go down. You"}, {"end": "02:31:53", "start": "02:31:49", "text": "know, in those jurisdictions, the NPL"}, {"end": "02:31:55", "start": "02:31:51", "text": "rate can be the non-performing loan rate"}, {"end": "02:31:57", "start": "02:31:53", "text": "could be as high as 40%. So, we did a"}, {"end": "02:31:58", "start": "02:31:55", "text": "product that we did out there, the"}, {"end": "02:32:02", "start": "02:31:57", "text": "interest rate fell to 18% and the"}, {"end": "02:32:04", "start": "02:31:58", "text": "non-performing loan rate fell to 2%. So"}, {"end": "02:32:06", "start": "02:32:02", "text": "it was still a great return but it's"}, {"end": "02:32:09", "start": "02:32:04", "text": "life-changing for the people there. And"}, {"end": "02:32:11", "start": "02:32:06", "text": "the delta was liquidity. So basically a"}, {"end": "02:32:13", "start": "02:32:09", "text": "larger market, more eyeballs, more"}, {"end": "02:32:15", "start": "02:32:11", "text": "people that are involved in these types"}, {"end": "02:32:17", "start": "02:32:13", "text": "of things, syndication. So that's really"}, {"end": "02:32:19", "start": "02:32:15", "text": "how you solve volatility is that you"}, {"end": "02:32:21", "start": "02:32:17", "text": "create markets for it. And uh and then"}, {"end": "02:32:24", "start": "02:32:19", "text": "you say for the people on that side,"}, {"end": "02:32:25", "start": "02:32:21", "text": "it's all about I want more markets. I"}, {"end": "02:32:27", "start": "02:32:24", "text": "want more liquidity. I want more"}, {"end": "02:32:28", "start": "02:32:25", "text": "connection points, more people. And then"}, {"end": "02:32:30", "start": "02:32:27", "text": "once you have it, it's like the free"}, {"end": "02:32:32", "start": "02:32:28", "text": "market takes over. like people are going"}, {"end": "02:32:34", "start": "02:32:30", "text": "to figure it out, you know. Um certain"}, {"end": "02:32:36", "start": "02:32:32", "text": "music star that I'm associated with"}, {"end": "02:32:39", "start": "02:32:34", "text": "that, you know, shall remain nameless."}, {"end": "02:32:40", "start": "02:32:36", "text": "He bought a record label um that it was"}, {"end": "02:32:43", "start": "02:32:39", "text": "deeply personal to him because of his"}, {"end": "02:32:46", "start": "02:32:40", "text": "life history. And uh he's thinking"}, {"end": "02:32:48", "start": "02:32:43", "text": "around how do he tokenized intellectual"}, {"end": "02:32:50", "start": "02:32:46", "text": "property there, all of the IP behind"}, {"end": "02:32:52", "start": "02:32:48", "text": "those records because like it's really"}, {"end": "02:32:54", "start": "02:32:50", "text": "hard in practice to get liquidity on"}, {"end": "02:32:56", "start": "02:32:52", "text": "music IP. you have like five or six big"}, {"end": "02:32:58", "start": "02:32:54", "text": "companies that control all the IP and"}, {"end": "02:33:00", "start": "02:32:56", "text": "they're like cartels and they set the"}, {"end": "02:33:02", "start": "02:32:58", "text": "market so they set the prices. But what"}, {"end": "02:33:04", "start": "02:33:00", "text": "if you can just go like sell part of it"}, {"end": "02:33:06", "start": "02:33:02", "text": "to your fans? They like you. You have a"}, {"end": "02:33:08", "start": "02:33:04", "text": "direct relationship with them. Maybe you"}, {"end": "02:33:11", "start": "02:33:06", "text": "get like a five or 10x over that. It's"}, {"end": "02:33:13", "start": "02:33:08", "text": "like an IPO of you as a person. And the"}, {"end": "02:33:14", "start": "02:33:11", "text": "minute you do that, that cartel breaks"}, {"end": "02:33:15", "start": "02:33:13", "text": "up. Those middlemen get"}, {"end": "02:33:17", "start": "02:33:14", "text": "disintermediated. And then every other"}, {"end": "02:33:18", "start": "02:33:15", "text": "artist can do that. You know, Taylor"}, {"end": "02:33:20", "start": "02:33:17", "text": "Swift can do it or, you know, Country"}, {"end": "02:33:22", "start": "02:33:18", "text": "Star can do it. You know, Gar Brooks can"}, {"end": "02:33:24", "start": "02:33:20", "text": "sell his IP or whatever. You see? So the"}, {"end": "02:33:27", "start": "02:33:22", "text": "artist now can monetize the direct"}, {"end": "02:33:30", "start": "02:33:24", "text": "relationship that they have with it. The"}, {"end": "02:33:32", "start": "02:33:27", "text": "exact same concept as running a smart"}, {"end": "02:33:34", "start": "02:33:30", "text": "contract on Cardano or the exact same"}, {"end": "02:33:36", "start": "02:33:32", "text": "concept as running an election. It's the"}, {"end": "02:33:37", "start": "02:33:34", "text": "same infrastructure. That's why the"}, {"end": "02:33:39", "start": "02:33:36", "text": "tokens are so valuable because they're"}, {"end": "02:33:42", "start": "02:33:37", "text": "universal. They're like a financial stem"}, {"end": "02:33:45", "start": "02:33:39", "text": "cell. They can become a heart cell or a"}, {"end": "02:33:47", "start": "02:33:42", "text": "brain cell or a kidney cell or they can"}, {"end": "02:33:50", "start": "02:33:45", "text": "become a commodity or a security or"}, {"end": "02:33:52", "start": "02:33:47", "text": "intellectual property or an NFT or you"}, {"end": "02:33:53", "start": "02:33:50", "text": "know a game token or something like"}, {"end": "02:33:55", "start": "02:33:52", "text": "that. It's the exact same thing. It's"}, {"end": "02:33:58", "start": "02:33:53", "text": "the exact same concept."}, {"end": "02:34:01", "start": "02:33:55", "text": "How was it co-founding Ethereum? That"}, {"end": "02:34:02", "start": "02:33:58", "text": "one was tough. You know, people ask me"}, {"end": "02:34:04", "start": "02:34:01", "text": "all the time because I I run a venture"}, {"end": "02:34:07", "start": "02:34:02", "text": "capital firm and um I advise young"}, {"end": "02:34:08", "start": "02:34:04", "text": "entrepreneurs all the time and I say"}, {"end": "02:34:11", "start": "02:34:07", "text": "there's three rules that I got out of"}, {"end": "02:34:13", "start": "02:34:08", "text": "Ethereum. First off, you can't have"}, {"end": "02:34:16", "start": "02:34:11", "text": "eight founders. There were eight"}, {"end": "02:34:17", "start": "02:34:13", "text": "founders with Ethereum, you know, all"}, {"end": "02:34:20", "start": "02:34:16", "text": "from different wicks of life. We have a"}, {"end": "02:34:22", "start": "02:34:17", "text": "Romanian guy, an Israeli guy, a Canadian"}, {"end": "02:34:25", "start": "02:34:20", "text": "guy who Wall Street guy who was also"}, {"end": "02:34:27", "start": "02:34:22", "text": "Canadian but also lived in Jamaica. Uh"}, {"end": "02:34:29", "start": "02:34:25", "text": "Vitalik obviously is a Russian guy, and"}, {"end": "02:34:32", "start": "02:34:27", "text": "there's me, the Colorado, Wyoming Hawaii"}, {"end": "02:34:34", "start": "02:34:29", "text": "boy, right? And there's others. And and"}, {"end": "02:34:35", "start": "02:34:32", "text": "we all had radically different ideas and"}, {"end": "02:34:37", "start": "02:34:34", "text": "philosophies, and we were unified on"}, {"end": "02:34:38", "start": "02:34:35", "text": "this idea that we wanted programmability"}, {"end": "02:34:40", "start": "02:34:37", "text": "with a blockchain. It's kind of like"}, {"end": "02:34:42", "start": "02:34:38", "text": "when JavaScript came to the web browser."}, {"end": "02:34:44", "start": "02:34:40", "text": "Before that happened, you just had"}, {"end": "02:34:45", "start": "02:34:42", "text": "pretty pictures and pretty websites. But"}, {"end": "02:34:46", "start": "02:34:44", "text": "when JavaScript came, you had"}, {"end": "02:34:48", "start": "02:34:45", "text": "programmability. So then you have"}, {"end": "02:34:50", "start": "02:34:46", "text": "Facebook and and Amazon and YouTube and"}, {"end": "02:34:52", "start": "02:34:48", "text": "these things. You can build beautiful,"}, {"end": "02:34:54", "start": "02:34:50", "text": "rich experiences. Well, Bitcoin has no"}, {"end": "02:34:56", "start": "02:34:52", "text": "programmability until recently. So what"}, {"end": "02:34:57", "start": "02:34:54", "text": "does that mean? It's like you just move"}, {"end": "02:34:59", "start": "02:34:56", "text": "bitcoins around. That's all you can do."}, {"end": "02:35:01", "start": "02:34:57", "text": "It's a very simple network. But then"}, {"end": "02:35:02", "start": "02:34:59", "text": "when you have programmability, you have"}, {"end": "02:35:04", "start": "02:35:01", "text": "a programming language. So you can just"}, {"end": "02:35:06", "start": "02:35:02", "text": "do anything you want. You can create"}, {"end": "02:35:07", "start": "02:35:04", "text": "decentralized exchanges and voting"}, {"end": "02:35:10", "start": "02:35:06", "text": "systems and all these other things. So"}, {"end": "02:35:11", "start": "02:35:07", "text": "we all said this is a really good idea."}, {"end": "02:35:14", "start": "02:35:10", "text": "So that was the first level of"}, {"end": "02:35:16", "start": "02:35:11", "text": "agreement. But then as we started it, as"}, {"end": "02:35:17", "start": "02:35:14", "text": "the months went on, we had radically"}, {"end": "02:35:21", "start": "02:35:16", "text": "different visions of what would make"}, {"end": "02:35:22", "start": "02:35:17", "text": "that idea safe, effective, governable"}, {"end": "02:35:24", "start": "02:35:21", "text": "and scalable and all these other"}, {"end": "02:35:27", "start": "02:35:22", "text": "characteristics and then naturally it"}, {"end": "02:35:29", "start": "02:35:24", "text": "drifted and so uh you know Vitalik was"}, {"end": "02:35:30", "start": "02:35:27", "text": "the primary founder. He came up with the"}, {"end": "02:35:32", "start": "02:35:29", "text": "initial idea. So ultimately he had to"}, {"end": "02:35:34", "start": "02:35:30", "text": "make a decision like do we call it the"}, {"end": "02:35:36", "start": "02:35:32", "text": "crypto Google or crypto mozzilla"}, {"end": "02:35:39", "start": "02:35:34", "text": "decision. So the crypto Google is like"}, {"end": "02:35:42", "start": "02:35:36", "text": "be a for-profit entity that builds not"}, {"end": "02:35:44", "start": "02:35:39", "text": "for-p profofit the open source stuff"}, {"end": "02:35:45", "start": "02:35:42", "text": "that you give away. Google does Dart and"}, {"end": "02:35:47", "start": "02:35:44", "text": "Go and all this other but it's"}, {"end": "02:35:49", "start": "02:35:45", "text": "for-profit company with equity and"}, {"end": "02:35:51", "start": "02:35:47", "text": "founders and these types of things or"}, {"end": "02:35:52", "start": "02:35:49", "text": "Mozilla it's like a not for-p profofit."}, {"end": "02:35:54", "start": "02:35:51", "text": "It's like a foundation you know there's"}, {"end": "02:35:56", "start": "02:35:52", "text": "no owners there's no shareholders. So"}, {"end": "02:35:58", "start": "02:35:54", "text": "Vitalik chose the not for-p profofit"}, {"end": "02:36:00", "start": "02:35:56", "text": "route and then all the people that"}, {"end": "02:36:01", "start": "02:35:58", "text": "wanted to go the for-profit route they"}, {"end": "02:36:03", "start": "02:36:00", "text": "kind of got pushed out. So Joe Luben got"}, {"end": "02:36:06", "start": "02:36:01", "text": "pushed out and created consensus and air"}, {"end": "02:36:08", "start": "02:36:03", "text": "treat got pushed out and uh Anthony"}, {"end": "02:36:09", "start": "02:36:06", "text": "Dioro got pushed out and created his own"}, {"end": "02:36:11", "start": "02:36:08", "text": "company called the central. I got pushed"}, {"end": "02:36:13", "start": "02:36:09", "text": "out and I created input output and then"}, {"end": "02:36:15", "start": "02:36:11", "text": "the technology people were all that were"}, {"end": "02:36:16", "start": "02:36:13", "text": "left and but then he learned that it's"}, {"end": "02:36:19", "start": "02:36:15", "text": "even amongst technology people very hard"}, {"end": "02:36:21", "start": "02:36:16", "text": "to get them to agree. So, uh, Gavin"}, {"end": "02:36:23", "start": "02:36:19", "text": "Wood, who was like the CTO of Ethereum,"}, {"end": "02:36:25", "start": "02:36:21", "text": "he left and created his own competing"}, {"end": "02:36:27", "start": "02:36:23", "text": "product called Polka Dot and did his"}, {"end": "02:36:29", "start": "02:36:25", "text": "thing. And so, like there's only one"}, {"end": "02:36:31", "start": "02:36:27", "text": "founder left out of the It's Vitalic."}, {"end": "02:36:34", "start": "02:36:29", "text": "He's done a good job. It's gone from"}, {"end": "02:36:36", "start": "02:36:31", "text": "nothing to a $300 billion ecosystem and,"}, {"end": "02:36:37", "start": "02:36:34", "text": "you know, millions and millions of users"}, {"end": "02:36:39", "start": "02:36:36", "text": "and a lot of good things. And, you know,"}, {"end": "02:36:41", "start": "02:36:37", "text": "they really enjoy their first mover"}, {"end": "02:36:43", "start": "02:36:39", "text": "advantage and they solve hard problems."}, {"end": "02:36:45", "start": "02:36:41", "text": "And, uh, Gavin did a good job with Polka"}, {"end": "02:36:48", "start": "02:36:43", "text": "Dot. We did Cardano. It's 20 billion"}, {"end": "02:36:49", "start": "02:36:45", "text": "dollar ecosystem, millions of people. So"}, {"end": "02:36:51", "start": "02:36:48", "text": "you find that in business and in life,"}, {"end": "02:36:54", "start": "02:36:49", "text": "but you you can't get into a business"}, {"end": "02:36:56", "start": "02:36:51", "text": "relationship if there is not a"}, {"end": "02:36:57", "start": "02:36:54", "text": "philosophical agreement on where to go"}, {"end": "02:36:59", "start": "02:36:56", "text": "and what to do. You can't get into a"}, {"end": "02:37:00", "start": "02:36:57", "text": "business relationship if there's too"}, {"end": "02:37:02", "start": "02:36:59", "text": "many decision makers. You can't have"}, {"end": "02:37:04", "start": "02:37:00", "text": "eight commanding officers. You have to"}, {"end": "02:37:05", "start": "02:37:02", "text": "have a chain of command and you have to"}, {"end": "02:37:06", "start": "02:37:04", "text": "have a clear way of sorting that out."}, {"end": "02:37:08", "start": "02:37:05", "text": "And third, you have to have good"}, {"end": "02:37:11", "start": "02:37:06", "text": "founders agreements because people have"}, {"end": "02:37:14", "start": "02:37:08", "text": "a shelf life in businesses. And some"}, {"end": "02:37:15", "start": "02:37:11", "text": "people are exceptional as early founders"}, {"end": "02:37:18", "start": "02:37:14", "text": "and they're really good to do the first"}, {"end": "02:37:20", "start": "02:37:15", "text": "6 months to a year, but then you outgrow"}, {"end": "02:37:21", "start": "02:37:18", "text": "them. And other people are exceptional"}, {"end": "02:37:24", "start": "02:37:20", "text": "for when you're scaling and you're"}, {"end": "02:37:26", "start": "02:37:21", "text": "growing from 300 people to 300,000"}, {"end": "02:37:28", "start": "02:37:24", "text": "people. And some people are really good"}, {"end": "02:37:29", "start": "02:37:26", "text": "along the whole journey. So a great"}, {"end": "02:37:31", "start": "02:37:28", "text": "example would be Larry Page. He was in"}, {"end": "02:37:33", "start": "02:37:29", "text": "and out and in and out. So Larry Page"}, {"end": "02:37:34", "start": "02:37:31", "text": "started Google with Sergey Brenn. And"}, {"end": "02:37:36", "start": "02:37:33", "text": "when they got to around 300 people,"}, {"end": "02:37:37", "start": "02:37:34", "text": "they're like, \"Larry needs adult"}, {"end": "02:37:40", "start": "02:37:36", "text": "supervision.\" So they brought in Eric"}, {"end": "02:37:42", "start": "02:37:37", "text": "Schmidt and he grew Google from a 300"}, {"end": "02:37:44", "start": "02:37:40", "text": "person company and took over the CEO"}, {"end": "02:37:47", "start": "02:37:42", "text": "role to a 28,000 person company and made"}, {"end": "02:37:48", "start": "02:37:44", "text": "Google the Google it is today. Me Larry"}, {"end": "02:37:50", "start": "02:37:47", "text": "wasn't sitting on his thumbs, you know,"}, {"end": "02:37:52", "start": "02:37:48", "text": "he was still around. He was learning. He"}, {"end": "02:37:53", "start": "02:37:50", "text": "was growing as a person. And he took his"}, {"end": "02:37:56", "start": "02:37:52", "text": "company back. They pushed out Eric Smith"}, {"end": "02:37:57", "start": "02:37:53", "text": "and came back in as the CEO and ran the"}, {"end": "02:38:00", "start": "02:37:56", "text": "company again. And then eventually he's"}, {"end": "02:38:02", "start": "02:37:57", "text": "like, you know, I want to do big things."}, {"end": "02:38:05", "start": "02:38:00", "text": "So he restructured Google and created"}, {"end": "02:38:06", "start": "02:38:02", "text": "Alphabet. And Alphabet's this portfolio"}, {"end": "02:38:09", "start": "02:38:05", "text": "of all these cool interesting things"}, {"end": "02:38:11", "start": "02:38:06", "text": "like anti-aging and genomic stuff with"}, {"end": "02:38:12", "start": "02:38:09", "text": "Calico and it's got Google in the"}, {"end": "02:38:14", "start": "02:38:11", "text": "portfolio and all this other stuff. And"}, {"end": "02:38:16", "start": "02:38:12", "text": "they now have a professional CEO at"}, {"end": "02:38:18", "start": "02:38:14", "text": "Google, Sandra Pai. So that's the nature"}, {"end": "02:38:20", "start": "02:38:16", "text": "of things. You have to know yourself and"}, {"end": "02:38:22", "start": "02:38:18", "text": "you have to know that. And Ethereum was"}, {"end": "02:38:24", "start": "02:38:20", "text": "very stressful because I don't we were"}, {"end": "02:38:28", "start": "02:38:22", "text": "all very young. I think I was 25 or 26"}, {"end": "02:38:29", "start": "02:38:24", "text": "at the time and we knew we had a winner."}, {"end": "02:38:32", "start": "02:38:28", "text": "You know, you just you look at it and"}, {"end": "02:38:33", "start": "02:38:29", "text": "you say, \"This is going to be big. It's"}, {"end": "02:38:35", "start": "02:38:32", "text": "going to be a massive thing. We're this"}, {"end": "02:38:36", "start": "02:38:33", "text": "is going to make so much money and it's"}, {"end": "02:38:39", "start": "02:38:35", "text": "going to change everything and it's"}, {"end": "02:38:41", "start": "02:38:36", "text": "going to change the paradigm.\" But we"}, {"end": "02:38:43", "start": "02:38:39", "text": "didn't know what to do with that. It's"}, {"end": "02:38:44", "start": "02:38:41", "text": "like discovering alien technology or"}, {"end": "02:38:46", "start": "02:38:43", "text": "something. It's like it's a big deal,"}, {"end": "02:38:47", "start": "02:38:44", "text": "but like what the [\u00a0__\u00a0] do those runes"}, {"end": "02:38:49", "start": "02:38:46", "text": "mean? You know, what the hell does this"}, {"end": "02:38:51", "start": "02:38:47", "text": "thing look like? You know, it's it's"}, {"end": "02:38:53", "start": "02:38:49", "text": "crazy. So, we did our best to interpret"}, {"end": "02:38:55", "start": "02:38:51", "text": "the alien runes and the alien"}, {"end": "02:38:57", "start": "02:38:53", "text": "technology. And uh I was kicked out"}, {"end": "02:38:59", "start": "02:38:55", "text": "early and for the best for me and best"}, {"end": "02:39:00", "start": "02:38:57", "text": "for them. And other people were able to"}, {"end": "02:39:02", "start": "02:38:59", "text": "ride a little longer on the bull, but"}, {"end": "02:39:03", "start": "02:39:00", "text": "they got knocked off too. And now"}, {"end": "02:39:05", "start": "02:39:02", "text": "there's just one guy left and you know,"}, {"end": "02:39:09", "start": "02:39:03", "text": "he's kind of doing his thing. What is"}, {"end": "02:39:11", "start": "02:39:05", "text": "the concept of Ethereum? Oh, it's it's"}, {"end": "02:39:13", "start": "02:39:09", "text": "like JavaScript to the web browser. So"}, {"end": "02:39:16", "start": "02:39:11", "text": "it's just like Bitcoin in that it's a"}, {"end": "02:39:17", "start": "02:39:13", "text": "blockchain and it has transactions and"}, {"end": "02:39:19", "start": "02:39:16", "text": "assets. The difference is the"}, {"end": "02:39:21", "start": "02:39:17", "text": "transactions are programmable. So you"}, {"end": "02:39:23", "start": "02:39:19", "text": "have a programming language. you can"}, {"end": "02:39:25", "start": "02:39:21", "text": "encode into the transactions any terms"}, {"end": "02:39:27", "start": "02:39:23", "text": "and conditions you want. Okay? So you"}, {"end": "02:39:28", "start": "02:39:25", "text": "can turn them into a voting system or"}, {"end": "02:39:30", "start": "02:39:27", "text": "this thing or that thing. So it really"}, {"end": "02:39:32", "start": "02:39:28", "text": "becomes that financial stem cell. So"}, {"end": "02:39:33", "start": "02:39:30", "text": "it's the next generation. I usually term"}, {"end": "02:39:34", "start": "02:39:32", "text": "cryptocurrencies in terms of"}, {"end": "02:39:37", "start": "02:39:33", "text": "generations. And so the first generation"}, {"end": "02:39:39", "start": "02:39:34", "text": "was Bitcoin. And usually that's the"}, {"end": "02:39:41", "start": "02:39:37", "text": "problem you're trying to solve. So the"}, {"end": "02:39:43", "start": "02:39:39", "text": "Bitcoin, it was decentralization. There"}, {"end": "02:39:46", "start": "02:39:41", "text": "were money systems online before"}, {"end": "02:39:48", "start": "02:39:43", "text": "Bitcoin, but they always relied on a"}, {"end": "02:39:50", "start": "02:39:46", "text": "central authority. So there was some guy"}, {"end": "02:39:52", "start": "02:39:48", "text": "that had the vouch for the ledger and"}, {"end": "02:39:54", "start": "02:39:50", "text": "say this is a ledger like digicash David"}, {"end": "02:39:56", "start": "02:39:52", "text": "Ch's business in the 90s is an example"}, {"end": "02:39:58", "start": "02:39:54", "text": "of that. Then Bitcoin comes around. You"}, {"end": "02:40:02", "start": "02:39:56", "text": "don't need a single entity. You have a"}, {"end": "02:40:04", "start": "02:39:58", "text": "decentralized ledger but it's simple. It"}, {"end": "02:40:06", "start": "02:40:02", "text": "just has Bitcoin. You just push bitcoins"}, {"end": "02:40:08", "start": "02:40:04", "text": "around. You can't do pull payments. You"}, {"end": "02:40:10", "start": "02:40:06", "text": "you can't do programmable things with"}, {"end": "02:40:12", "start": "02:40:08", "text": "it. Uh you know you can't issue assets."}, {"end": "02:40:15", "start": "02:40:10", "text": "It's there's only Bitcoin. It's just"}, {"end": "02:40:16", "start": "02:40:12", "text": "Bitcoin. Then Ethereum comes around the"}, {"end": "02:40:18", "start": "02:40:15", "text": "second generation. The problem you're"}, {"end": "02:40:20", "start": "02:40:16", "text": "trying to solve there is generality. You"}, {"end": "02:40:23", "start": "02:40:18", "text": "want to go from just a single asset"}, {"end": "02:40:25", "start": "02:40:20", "text": "ledger that's fixed function to a"}, {"end": "02:40:27", "start": "02:40:23", "text": "multi-asset ledger. So you can issue"}, {"end": "02:40:28", "start": "02:40:25", "text": "your own tokens, your own things in that"}, {"end": "02:40:29", "start": "02:40:27", "text": "same infrastructure and they're"}, {"end": "02:40:31", "start": "02:40:28", "text": "programmable. So you can do whatever you"}, {"end": "02:40:33", "start": "02:40:29", "text": "want with them. And that was a huge"}, {"end": "02:40:35", "start": "02:40:31", "text": "revolution when it came out. Oh my god."}, {"end": "02:40:37", "start": "02:40:33", "text": "Like cryptocurrencies aren't just a"}, {"end": "02:40:39", "start": "02:40:35", "text": "speculative asset. They're not just like"}, {"end": "02:40:41", "start": "02:40:37", "text": "a value holder. Like this is a social"}, {"end": "02:40:42", "start": "02:40:39", "text": "system. I can do economics as a"}, {"end": "02:40:45", "start": "02:40:41", "text": "political system. The challenge of that"}, {"end": "02:40:47", "start": "02:40:42", "text": "generation is that it doesn't scale."}, {"end": "02:40:49", "start": "02:40:45", "text": "It's not interoperable. That Wi-Fi"}, {"end": "02:40:52", "start": "02:40:47", "text": "moment, it doesn't talk to other stuff."}, {"end": "02:40:54", "start": "02:40:49", "text": "And also, you can't govern it. You know,"}, {"end": "02:40:55", "start": "02:40:52", "text": "you how do you upgrade it? It's very"}, {"end": "02:40:57", "start": "02:40:54", "text": "complicated. So, you have to always be"}, {"end": "02:40:59", "start": "02:40:55", "text": "tinkering and tuning and [\u00a0__\u00a0] with"}, {"end": "02:41:01", "start": "02:40:57", "text": "it. And we as consumers, we're used to"}, {"end": "02:41:04", "start": "02:40:59", "text": "custodians behind things. So, like uh"}, {"end": "02:41:06", "start": "02:41:01", "text": "Apple to the iPhone or Microsoft to"}, {"end": "02:41:07", "start": "02:41:04", "text": "Windows. So, you always think like who's"}, {"end": "02:41:09", "start": "02:41:06", "text": "going to be accountable for the next"}, {"end": "02:41:10", "start": "02:41:07", "text": "version of Windows and all the features?"}, {"end": "02:41:11", "start": "02:41:09", "text": "Well, Microsoft will do that. Who's"}, {"end": "02:41:13", "start": "02:41:10", "text": "going to build the next iPhone? Well,"}, {"end": "02:41:16", "start": "02:41:11", "text": "Apple will figure that out. Who's going"}, {"end": "02:41:17", "start": "02:41:13", "text": "to build the next version of Ethereum?"}, {"end": "02:41:19", "start": "02:41:16", "text": "Ethereum Foundation. Well, that doesn't"}, {"end": "02:41:21", "start": "02:41:17", "text": "sound very decentralized, now does it?"}, {"end": "02:41:23", "start": "02:41:19", "text": "If one group of guys get to decide like"}, {"end": "02:41:25", "start": "02:41:21", "text": "how everything is going to go for this"}, {"end": "02:41:28", "start": "02:41:23", "text": "thing that's decentralized. Okay. Well,"}, {"end": "02:41:30", "start": "02:41:25", "text": "if not, then then who? How do you build"}, {"end": "02:41:31", "start": "02:41:28", "text": "a decentralized product function? How do"}, {"end": "02:41:33", "start": "02:41:30", "text": "you build a decentralized upgrade"}, {"end": "02:41:36", "start": "02:41:31", "text": "function? So, these problems became"}, {"end": "02:41:38", "start": "02:41:33", "text": "apparent around 2016, 2015, that time"}, {"end": "02:41:40", "start": "02:41:36", "text": "frame. And we're like, we need a new"}, {"end": "02:41:42", "start": "02:41:38", "text": "generation. We need fundamentally"}, {"end": "02:41:45", "start": "02:41:40", "text": "different technology for upgradability,"}, {"end": "02:41:46", "start": "02:41:42", "text": "interoperability, and also scalability."}, {"end": "02:41:49", "start": "02:41:45", "text": "The scalability thing is very bad in"}, {"end": "02:41:51", "start": "02:41:46", "text": "cryptocurrencies. It's one of those cake"}, {"end": "02:41:52", "start": "02:41:49", "text": "and eat it too things. So inclusive"}, {"end": "02:41:56", "start": "02:41:51", "text": "accountability, we mentioned with voting"}, {"end": "02:41:58", "start": "02:41:52", "text": "earlier, that is awesome but super"}, {"end": "02:42:00", "start": "02:41:56", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] expensive. If your requirement"}, {"end": "02:42:03", "start": "02:41:58", "text": "is that you have a full node that you're"}, {"end": "02:42:05", "start": "02:42:00", "text": "able to self-verify every single thing"}, {"end": "02:42:07", "start": "02:42:03", "text": "in the system, that only works as long"}, {"end": "02:42:10", "start": "02:42:05", "text": "as the set of things that you have to go"}, {"end": "02:42:12", "start": "02:42:07", "text": "through to verify is capped. Cuz like"}, {"end": "02:42:15", "start": "02:42:10", "text": "could you imagine trying to verify the"}, {"end": "02:42:17", "start": "02:42:12", "text": "state of the Google Plex? That's like"}, {"end": "02:42:19", "start": "02:42:15", "text": "millions of computers running Google's"}, {"end": "02:42:21", "start": "02:42:17", "text": "backend with billions of users and"}, {"end": "02:42:24", "start": "02:42:19", "text": "yodabytes of data in that system. How"}, {"end": "02:42:26", "start": "02:42:21", "text": "could you personally do that on your"}, {"end": "02:42:28", "start": "02:42:24", "text": "home computer? It's not possible. So"}, {"end": "02:42:30", "start": "02:42:26", "text": "obviously that's not a system that seems"}, {"end": "02:42:33", "start": "02:42:28", "text": "to be amendable to inclusive"}, {"end": "02:42:35", "start": "02:42:30", "text": "accountability natively. So the problem"}, {"end": "02:42:38", "start": "02:42:33", "text": "is that the way blockchains work with"}, {"end": "02:42:41", "start": "02:42:35", "text": "that property they're replicated. They"}, {"end": "02:42:43", "start": "02:42:38", "text": "have like a a limitation of how much"}, {"end": "02:42:45", "start": "02:42:41", "text": "they can scale to, how many people can"}, {"end": "02:42:46", "start": "02:42:43", "text": "use it concurrently, how much data can"}, {"end": "02:42:49", "start": "02:42:45", "text": "be inside the system, how many"}, {"end": "02:42:51", "start": "02:42:46", "text": "transactions the system can process. You"}, {"end": "02:42:53", "start": "02:42:49", "text": "want it instead to be a system that as"}, {"end": "02:42:55", "start": "02:42:51", "text": "people join the system, they add"}, {"end": "02:42:57", "start": "02:42:53", "text": "resources to the system. So you never"}, {"end": "02:42:58", "start": "02:42:55", "text": "run out of resources like a potluck. You"}, {"end": "02:43:00", "start": "02:42:57", "text": "know, instead of a dinner where you show"}, {"end": "02:43:01", "start": "02:42:58", "text": "up and there's a fixed amount of food,"}, {"end": "02:43:04", "start": "02:43:00", "text": "if a potluck, everybody shows up with"}, {"end": "02:43:06", "start": "02:43:01", "text": "food. So no matter how many guests you"}, {"end": "02:43:08", "start": "02:43:04", "text": "have, your set of food grows. And so if"}, {"end": "02:43:09", "start": "02:43:06", "text": "it's a good potluck, it should grow with"}, {"end": "02:43:11", "start": "02:43:08", "text": "the guests. So you never run out of"}, {"end": "02:43:13", "start": "02:43:09", "text": "food. You always have enough food to"}, {"end": "02:43:14", "start": "02:43:11", "text": "feed everybody inside that situation. So"}, {"end": "02:43:16", "start": "02:43:13", "text": "there are protocols that do this that"}, {"end": "02:43:18", "start": "02:43:14", "text": "are scalable by design. Like Bit Torrent"}, {"end": "02:43:19", "start": "02:43:16", "text": "is a great example of that. So, you"}, {"end": "02:43:21", "start": "02:43:18", "text": "know, more people that are downloading a"}, {"end": "02:43:23", "start": "02:43:19", "text": "video, paradoxically, the faster the"}, {"end": "02:43:26", "start": "02:43:21", "text": "download happens because those people"}, {"end": "02:43:28", "start": "02:43:23", "text": "share and download at the same time. So,"}, {"end": "02:43:29", "start": "02:43:26", "text": "if it's an unpopular thing like, I don't"}, {"end": "02:43:31", "start": "02:43:28", "text": "know, PeeWee's Playhouse or some [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "02:43:33", "start": "02:43:29", "text": "like that, nobody's watching it. It"}, {"end": "02:43:35", "start": "02:43:31", "text": "takes a really long time to download. If"}, {"end": "02:43:36", "start": "02:43:33", "text": "it's Game of Thrones or something like"}, {"end": "02:43:39", "start": "02:43:35", "text": "especially the early seasons that were"}, {"end": "02:43:40", "start": "02:43:36", "text": "good, then you get that quickly, you"}, {"end": "02:43:41", "start": "02:43:39", "text": "know, and because a lot of people are"}, {"end": "02:43:43", "start": "02:43:40", "text": "downloading. So, you like your"}, {"end": "02:43:45", "start": "02:43:41", "text": "cryptocurrency protocol to be the same"}, {"end": "02:43:47", "start": "02:43:43", "text": "way. If I have a million users, it's"}, {"end": "02:43:48", "start": "02:43:45", "text": "fast. If I have 10 million users, it's"}, {"end": "02:43:50", "start": "02:43:47", "text": "blazingly fast. If I have a 100 million"}, {"end": "02:43:51", "start": "02:43:48", "text": "users, it's one of the fastest things on"}, {"end": "02:43:53", "start": "02:43:50", "text": "the planet because they produce more"}, {"end": "02:43:55", "start": "02:43:51", "text": "than they consume. Ethereum doesn't do"}, {"end": "02:43:57", "start": "02:43:53", "text": "that. Um, and they're trying to figure"}, {"end": "02:43:58", "start": "02:43:55", "text": "out ways to do that to upgrade to the"}, {"end": "02:44:01", "start": "02:43:57", "text": "next generation. So, the third"}, {"end": "02:44:02", "start": "02:43:58", "text": "generation does that scalability,"}, {"end": "02:44:03", "start": "02:44:01", "text": "interoperability, and governance. And"}, {"end": "02:44:04", "start": "02:44:02", "text": "they have those things. And they're"}, {"end": "02:44:06", "start": "02:44:03", "text": "actually creating a fourth generation"}, {"end": "02:44:08", "start": "02:44:04", "text": "now because, you know, there's not"}, {"end": "02:44:09", "start": "02:44:06", "text": "enough work to do, right? And the fourth"}, {"end": "02:44:11", "start": "02:44:08", "text": "generation is the regulated side of the"}, {"end": "02:44:13", "start": "02:44:09", "text": "world. So how do you get identity back"}, {"end": "02:44:14", "start": "02:44:11", "text": "in and how do you get privacy and and"}, {"end": "02:44:17", "start": "02:44:13", "text": "these things because blockchains are"}, {"end": "02:44:19", "start": "02:44:14", "text": "public so everything in them everybody"}, {"end": "02:44:21", "start": "02:44:17", "text": "can see that's great for land records"}, {"end": "02:44:23", "start": "02:44:19", "text": "and you know that's great for open"}, {"end": "02:44:25", "start": "02:44:21", "text": "financial systems but maybe just maybe"}, {"end": "02:44:27", "start": "02:44:23", "text": "our search history and what we bought on"}, {"end": "02:44:30", "start": "02:44:25", "text": "Amazon and maybe like where we spend our"}, {"end": "02:44:31", "start": "02:44:27", "text": "money is probably not should be public"}, {"end": "02:44:33", "start": "02:44:30", "text": "we should keep that private so how do"}, {"end": "02:44:35", "start": "02:44:31", "text": "you add privacy back in but preserve"}, {"end": "02:44:38", "start": "02:44:33", "text": "those properties that it has"}, {"end": "02:44:39", "start": "02:44:35", "text": "immutability and auditability and uh and"}, {"end": "02:44:41", "start": "02:44:38", "text": "so forth"}, {"end": "02:44:43", "start": "02:44:39", "text": "And so that's where the zero knowledge"}, {"end": "02:44:45", "start": "02:44:41", "text": "proofs come in. They they have to come"}, {"end": "02:44:47", "start": "02:44:43", "text": "in. So the third generation is nearly"}, {"end": "02:44:49", "start": "02:44:45", "text": "over. We have scalable protocols."}, {"end": "02:44:52", "start": "02:44:47", "text": "Interoperability is getting sorted out."}, {"end": "02:44:54", "start": "02:44:49", "text": "Um and governance. That's all the voting"}, {"end": "02:44:55", "start": "02:44:52", "text": "stuff we were talking about. And now"}, {"end": "02:44:57", "start": "02:44:54", "text": "we're in that fourth generation. We're"}, {"end": "02:44:59", "start": "02:44:55", "text": "starting to flirt with that. And that's"}, {"end": "02:45:01", "start": "02:44:57", "text": "the next wave of cryptocurrencies that"}, {"end": "02:45:03", "start": "02:44:59", "text": "have privacy and identity. And that"}, {"end": "02:45:05", "start": "02:45:01", "text": "brings the banking industry in and Wall"}, {"end": "02:45:07", "start": "02:45:03", "text": "Street in and regulators in and"}, {"end": "02:45:08", "start": "02:45:05", "text": "governments in. And what's great is they"}, {"end": "02:45:11", "start": "02:45:07", "text": "always include the features of the prior"}, {"end": "02:45:14", "start": "02:45:08", "text": "generations. So Ethereum has a"}, {"end": "02:45:15", "start": "02:45:11", "text": "blockchain like Bitcoin does. And a"}, {"end": "02:45:18", "start": "02:45:14", "text": "third generation thing has everything"}, {"end": "02:45:19", "start": "02:45:15", "text": "Ethereum does. It has smart contracts."}, {"end": "02:45:21", "start": "02:45:18", "text": "So if you have a fourth generation, it's"}, {"end": "02:45:23", "start": "02:45:19", "text": "a third, second, first generation as"}, {"end": "02:45:26", "start": "02:45:21", "text": "well. It's like a telescope that comes"}, {"end": "02:45:29", "start": "02:45:23", "text": "through. How long was it after you left"}, {"end": "02:45:31", "start": "02:45:26", "text": "Ethereum that you started input output?"}, {"end": "02:45:33", "start": "02:45:29", "text": "I had the game plan for Ethereum and so"}, {"end": "02:45:35", "start": "02:45:31", "text": "I I wanted to do it. So I was like, [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "02:45:37", "start": "02:45:33", "text": "it, I'm just going to do it myself. So I"}, {"end": "02:45:40", "start": "02:45:35", "text": "started Input Output about 6 months"}, {"end": "02:45:41", "start": "02:45:37", "text": "after I got booted out. And so cuz I I"}, {"end": "02:45:42", "start": "02:45:40", "text": "like had to figure out how like start"}, {"end": "02:45:44", "start": "02:45:41", "text": "something, you know. And so there's"}, {"end": "02:45:46", "start": "02:45:42", "text": "these guys in Japan who are like, \"Well,"}, {"end": "02:45:48", "start": "02:45:44", "text": "if we we still like you and we still"}, {"end": "02:45:49", "start": "02:45:46", "text": "want you. So why don't you come to"}, {"end": "02:45:51", "start": "02:45:48", "text": "Japan?\" So it's like you're a celebrity."}, {"end": "02:45:53", "start": "02:45:49", "text": "You're not making like life good in"}, {"end": "02:45:55", "start": "02:45:51", "text": "Hollywood. You go become a like a beless"}, {"end": "02:45:58", "start": "02:45:53", "text": "celebrity in Japan and star in Japanese"}, {"end": "02:45:59", "start": "02:45:55", "text": "movies. And I'd never been to Japan"}, {"end": "02:46:02", "start": "02:45:58", "text": "before. And that was [\u00a0__\u00a0] wild, man."}, {"end": "02:46:05", "start": "02:45:59", "text": "I I I was in Osaka. And Osaka is like"}, {"end": "02:46:06", "start": "02:46:02", "text": "the the gangster mean area of Japan. And"}, {"end": "02:46:09", "start": "02:46:05", "text": "you know, everybody's a little rough in"}, {"end": "02:46:11", "start": "02:46:06", "text": "Osaka, you know, and uh it's it's it's"}, {"end": "02:46:14", "start": "02:46:09", "text": "it's where all the movies are. Uh so I"}, {"end": "02:46:16", "start": "02:46:11", "text": "moved there for a while and um I had to"}, {"end": "02:46:17", "start": "02:46:14", "text": "basically learn how to do business in"}, {"end": "02:46:20", "start": "02:46:16", "text": "Japan, how to raise money in Japan. We"}, {"end": "02:46:21", "start": "02:46:17", "text": "raised $72 million in Japan at the time."}, {"end": "02:46:24", "start": "02:46:20", "text": "It was the largest ICO that was ever"}, {"end": "02:46:25", "start": "02:46:21", "text": "done. Theory was $18 million. And then I"}, {"end": "02:46:26", "start": "02:46:24", "text": "had to build a company. Like I had to"}, {"end": "02:46:28", "start": "02:46:25", "text": "build an army of engineers and"}, {"end": "02:46:30", "start": "02:46:26", "text": "scientists and all this other stuff. And"}, {"end": "02:46:32", "start": "02:46:28", "text": "I still in my 20s and I had absolutely"}, {"end": "02:46:35", "start": "02:46:30", "text": "no experience in any of these things."}, {"end": "02:46:37", "start": "02:46:32", "text": "Wow. So, so it was pretty wild ride, you"}, {"end": "02:46:40", "start": "02:46:35", "text": "know, and and and just this is crypto"}, {"end": "02:46:41", "start": "02:46:37", "text": "circa 2015. So, it was still a very"}, {"end": "02:46:43", "start": "02:46:40", "text": "colorful time. There was a lot of like"}, {"end": "02:46:44", "start": "02:46:41", "text": "um larger than life people like John"}, {"end": "02:46:47", "start": "02:46:43", "text": "McAfee had just come into the"}, {"end": "02:46:49", "start": "02:46:44", "text": "cryptocurrency space and and my frame of"}, {"end": "02:46:51", "start": "02:46:47", "text": "reference for John McAfee was like,"}, {"end": "02:46:53", "start": "02:46:49", "text": "wasn't that that crazy guy who like shot"}, {"end": "02:46:56", "start": "02:46:51", "text": "his neighbor and then like escaped into"}, {"end": "02:46:58", "start": "02:46:53", "text": "Guatemala and was blogging real time"}, {"end": "02:47:00", "start": "02:46:56", "text": "while he was doing it? He's probably a"}, {"end": "02:47:02", "start": "02:46:58", "text": "drug addict. Yeah, but he's really cool."}, {"end": "02:47:04", "start": "02:47:00", "text": "It's like, all right, let's go party"}, {"end": "02:47:06", "start": "02:47:02", "text": "with that guy. That sounds that sounds"}, {"end": "02:47:10", "start": "02:47:04", "text": "fun. And we did in Malta, which was"}, {"end": "02:47:12", "start": "02:47:06", "text": "awesome. Um, but uh but but but anyway,"}, {"end": "02:47:14", "start": "02:47:10", "text": "like there's like these amazing stories"}, {"end": "02:47:16", "start": "02:47:12", "text": "and just just meet all these just super"}, {"end": "02:47:18", "start": "02:47:14", "text": "crazy people. And then also there was"}, {"end": "02:47:20", "start": "02:47:16", "text": "all these adjacent industries to crypto"}, {"end": "02:47:23", "start": "02:47:18", "text": "that were kind of shady. Like DMM, for"}, {"end": "02:47:24", "start": "02:47:20", "text": "example, is a big uh Japanese content"}, {"end": "02:47:26", "start": "02:47:23", "text": "producer, but also they probably control"}, {"end": "02:47:27", "start": "02:47:24", "text": "all the pornography in Japan. And"}, {"end": "02:47:29", "start": "02:47:26", "text": "they're like, \"Yeah, we really love"}, {"end": "02:47:31", "start": "02:47:27", "text": "crypto.\" And I was like, \"Okay, I don't"}, {"end": "02:47:33", "start": "02:47:29", "text": "really want the porn money, but yeah,"}, {"end": "02:47:35", "start": "02:47:31", "text": "there's a lot of it, you know?\" So, so"}, {"end": "02:47:37", "start": "02:47:33", "text": "there there was all these like"}, {"end": "02:47:38", "start": "02:47:35", "text": "conundrums of like who do you partner"}, {"end": "02:47:40", "start": "02:47:37", "text": "with and how do you partner with them in"}, {"end": "02:47:42", "start": "02:47:38", "text": "a way that doesn't have horrific"}, {"end": "02:47:44", "start": "02:47:40", "text": "blowback at some arbitrary point in the"}, {"end": "02:47:46", "start": "02:47:42", "text": "future. Uh so those those were fun days"}, {"end": "02:47:48", "start": "02:47:44", "text": "though. And I and I kind of like lived"}, {"end": "02:47:51", "start": "02:47:46", "text": "in Osaka and then I would pingpong to"}, {"end": "02:47:52", "start": "02:47:48", "text": "Hong Kong and back cuz uh there was a"}, {"end": "02:47:54", "start": "02:47:51", "text": "huge crypto movement that was in Hong"}, {"end": "02:47:55", "start": "02:47:52", "text": "Kong at that time. And then when the"}, {"end": "02:47:57", "start": "02:47:54", "text": "Chinese government cracked down on it,"}, {"end": "02:47:59", "start": "02:47:55", "text": "they moved to Singapore. So then it went"}, {"end": "02:48:01", "start": "02:47:57", "text": "from Japan to Singapore. And then for a"}, {"end": "02:48:03", "start": "02:47:59", "text": "while was in South Korea and they got"}, {"end": "02:48:04", "start": "02:48:01", "text": "super big there. And then exchanges got"}, {"end": "02:48:05", "start": "02:48:03", "text": "hacked and the South Korean government"}, {"end": "02:48:06", "start": "02:48:04", "text": "says, \"Oh, we got to shut this all"}, {"end": "02:48:08", "start": "02:48:05", "text": "down.\" So then they all fled to"}, {"end": "02:48:10", "start": "02:48:06", "text": "Singapore. Now they've all gone to the"}, {"end": "02:48:13", "start": "02:48:08", "text": "Middle East. So everybody's in Dubai now"}, {"end": "02:48:16", "start": "02:48:10", "text": "and speaks Arabic instead of uh Chinese"}, {"end": "02:48:19", "start": "02:48:13", "text": "or uh or Korean. Uh but it's just wild."}, {"end": "02:48:20", "start": "02:48:16", "text": "Um but what we were able to do is we"}, {"end": "02:48:23", "start": "02:48:19", "text": "were the first to market to actually"}, {"end": "02:48:25", "start": "02:48:20", "text": "introduce the concept of peerreview"}, {"end": "02:48:27", "start": "02:48:23", "text": "at scale as an entrepreneur. You know"}, {"end": "02:48:28", "start": "02:48:25", "text": "it's exists in academia but nobody"}, {"end": "02:48:30", "start": "02:48:27", "text": "thought it was a valid business strategy"}, {"end": "02:48:33", "start": "02:48:28", "text": "to go and like hire scientists and do"}, {"end": "02:48:35", "start": "02:48:30", "text": "rigorous research and write formal"}, {"end": "02:48:37", "start": "02:48:33", "text": "papers and go through the peerreview"}, {"end": "02:48:38", "start": "02:48:35", "text": "process and all these things. They're"}, {"end": "02:48:40", "start": "02:48:37", "text": "like, \"Dude, that's that'll set you"}, {"end": "02:48:41", "start": "02:48:38", "text": "behind by years and years and years.\""}, {"end": "02:48:42", "start": "02:48:40", "text": "And I said, \"I have plenty of time.\""}, {"end": "02:48:43", "start": "02:48:41", "text": "They're like, \"Why?\" And I said, \"Well,"}, {"end": "02:48:45", "start": "02:48:42", "text": "here's what's going to happen. These"}, {"end": "02:48:46", "start": "02:48:43", "text": "guys are like Icorus. They're going to"}, {"end": "02:48:47", "start": "02:48:45", "text": "fly really, really close to the sun."}, {"end": "02:48:49", "start": "02:48:46", "text": "Their wings are going to melt off and"}, {"end": "02:48:51", "start": "02:48:47", "text": "then they're going to fall and die. And"}, {"end": "02:48:52", "start": "02:48:49", "text": "we were right in many cases like all"}, {"end": "02:48:54", "start": "02:48:51", "text": "these cryptocurrencies would launch with"}, {"end": "02:48:57", "start": "02:48:52", "text": "brilliant ideas and they worked until"}, {"end": "02:49:00", "start": "02:48:54", "text": "they didn't. EOS worked until it didn't."}, {"end": "02:49:02", "start": "02:48:57", "text": "Luna worked until it didn't and and the"}, {"end": "02:49:04", "start": "02:49:00", "text": "falls got worse and worse every time. So"}, {"end": "02:49:06", "start": "02:49:02", "text": "you fail at few hundred million would be"}, {"end": "02:49:09", "start": "02:49:04", "text": "lost and they fail and it's like $4"}, {"end": "02:49:12", "start": "02:49:06", "text": "billion. Luna fail $40 billion get lost,"}, {"end": "02:49:14", "start": "02:49:09", "text": "you know. So it was that was the other"}, {"end": "02:49:16", "start": "02:49:12", "text": "side is that there was this perverse"}, {"end": "02:49:18", "start": "02:49:14", "text": "incentive in the economic structuring of"}, {"end": "02:49:20", "start": "02:49:16", "text": "running cryptocurrency companies where"}, {"end": "02:49:22", "start": "02:49:18", "text": "you were incentivized to launch as fast"}, {"end": "02:49:24", "start": "02:49:20", "text": "as possible and make it somebody else's"}, {"end": "02:49:26", "start": "02:49:22", "text": "problem when the system didn't work. So"}, {"end": "02:49:27", "start": "02:49:24", "text": "what we did with Cardano is we just"}, {"end": "02:49:28", "start": "02:49:26", "text": "said, you know, we'll just ignore all"}, {"end": "02:49:30", "start": "02:49:27", "text": "that. We'll just pretend like the rest"}, {"end": "02:49:33", "start": "02:49:28", "text": "of the world doesn't exist. We'll be on"}, {"end": "02:49:35", "start": "02:49:30", "text": "the Cardano island in Japan and we'll"}, {"end": "02:49:37", "start": "02:49:33", "text": "just go and build this thing that's"}, {"end": "02:49:38", "start": "02:49:35", "text": "designed to run forever and never fail."}, {"end": "02:49:41", "start": "02:49:37", "text": "And so we when we launched Cardono in"}, {"end": "02:49:42", "start": "02:49:38", "text": "2017, it's been running 24 hours a day,"}, {"end": "02:49:44", "start": "02:49:41", "text": "seven days a week for eight years and"}, {"end": "02:49:46", "start": "02:49:42", "text": "never been hacked and never gone down."}, {"end": "02:49:48", "start": "02:49:44", "text": "Wow. You know, and so I was really proud"}, {"end": "02:49:49", "start": "02:49:46", "text": "of that. Now, we had to do a lot of"}, {"end": "02:49:51", "start": "02:49:48", "text": "crazy [\u00a0__\u00a0] to make that happen. Like we"}, {"end": "02:49:54", "start": "02:49:49", "text": "use these weird programming languages"}, {"end": "02:49:55", "start": "02:49:51", "text": "like Haskell that like maybe 50 guys in"}, {"end": "02:49:57", "start": "02:49:54", "text": "the whole [\u00a0__\u00a0] world actually use and"}, {"end": "02:50:00", "start": "02:49:55", "text": "care about. And you know, they're just"}, {"end": "02:50:02", "start": "02:49:57", "text": "thoroughly unpleasant people. Um, and"}, {"end": "02:50:04", "start": "02:50:00", "text": "uh, we had to invent a lot of new"}, {"end": "02:50:05", "start": "02:50:02", "text": "technology. In many cases, it's like,"}, {"end": "02:50:07", "start": "02:50:04", "text": "okay, I guess we just have to like write"}, {"end": "02:50:08", "start": "02:50:05", "text": "our own programming language or write"}, {"end": "02:50:10", "start": "02:50:07", "text": "our own thing or write this thing. And"}, {"end": "02:50:12", "start": "02:50:08", "text": "then so we ended up developing this"}, {"end": "02:50:13", "start": "02:50:10", "text": "reputation for this thing that everybody"}, {"end": "02:50:15", "start": "02:50:12", "text": "acknowledges exists, but nobody really"}, {"end": "02:50:17", "start": "02:50:13", "text": "knows how it works. It's just over"}, {"end": "02:50:19", "start": "02:50:15", "text": "there. It's like Cardano. It's here."}, {"end": "02:50:21", "start": "02:50:17", "text": "Don't touch it. Don't think about it."}, {"end": "02:50:22", "start": "02:50:19", "text": "And and then what I've had to do in my"}, {"end": "02:50:24", "start": "02:50:21", "text": "second act in the cryptocurrency space"}, {"end": "02:50:26", "start": "02:50:22", "text": "as I've gotten a little bit older is"}, {"end": "02:50:28", "start": "02:50:24", "text": "kind of somehow move that strange thing"}, {"end": "02:50:30", "start": "02:50:26", "text": "and make it get into the real space and"}, {"end": "02:50:32", "start": "02:50:28", "text": "normalize it and everything. So, I'm"}, {"end": "02:50:33", "start": "02:50:30", "text": "coming back from Japan, being a star,"}, {"end": "02:50:35", "start": "02:50:32", "text": "and going back to Hollywood and seeing"}, {"end": "02:50:37", "start": "02:50:33", "text": "if I can find a way to, you know, be an"}, {"end": "02:50:39", "start": "02:50:35", "text": "A-lister. Uh, and it's been a journey,"}, {"end": "02:50:41", "start": "02:50:37", "text": "you know, and, uh, what's crazy is over"}, {"end": "02:50:43", "start": "02:50:39", "text": "the last 10 years, I've gone to 75"}, {"end": "02:50:45", "start": "02:50:41", "text": "countries, you know, I keep a board in"}, {"end": "02:50:48", "start": "02:50:43", "text": "my office and you, you put the little"}, {"end": "02:50:49", "start": "02:50:45", "text": "pins of different places you've gone and"}, {"end": "02:50:51", "start": "02:50:48", "text": "uh, and I counted them, you know, the"}, {"end": "02:50:53", "start": "02:50:49", "text": "other day and I says, I hit 75. So, I'm"}, {"end": "02:50:55", "start": "02:50:51", "text": "almost at 100, you know. Wow. And it and"}, {"end": "02:50:58", "start": "02:50:53", "text": "it just the only continent I haven't"}, {"end": "02:51:00", "start": "02:50:55", "text": "been to is Antarctica, you know, and uh"}, {"end": "02:51:02", "start": "02:50:58", "text": "and it's so wild. Like in any given"}, {"end": "02:51:04", "start": "02:51:00", "text": "3-month period, I'm probably going to"}, {"end": "02:51:06", "start": "02:51:02", "text": "set foot on three to four continents,"}, {"end": "02:51:08", "start": "02:51:04", "text": "you know? I'll be in Africa and Europe"}, {"end": "02:51:11", "start": "02:51:06", "text": "or Asia or South America or North"}, {"end": "02:51:13", "start": "02:51:08", "text": "America and just travel, travel, travel."}, {"end": "02:51:14", "start": "02:51:11", "text": "And what's so surreal about it is"}, {"end": "02:51:17", "start": "02:51:13", "text": "everywhere I go, I get recognized by"}, {"end": "02:51:18", "start": "02:51:14", "text": "people. Like I was in Mongolia, okay?"}, {"end": "02:51:20", "start": "02:51:17", "text": "And this this one blew my mind. I was in"}, {"end": "02:51:22", "start": "02:51:18", "text": "Mongolia. I was out in the Gobi Desert"}, {"end": "02:51:24", "start": "02:51:20", "text": "and there's like this camel herder and"}, {"end": "02:51:26", "start": "02:51:22", "text": "he and uh he comes up to me and talks to"}, {"end": "02:51:27", "start": "02:51:24", "text": "my translator and I said what's the"}, {"end": "02:51:29", "start": "02:51:26", "text": "issue here? He said he wants to take"}, {"end": "02:51:32", "start": "02:51:27", "text": "your picture. He's like why? He's like"}, {"end": "02:51:34", "start": "02:51:29", "text": "he's a ADA holder."}, {"end": "02:51:36", "start": "02:51:32", "text": "I'm like [\u00a0__\u00a0] the [\u00a0__\u00a0] is selling ADA"}, {"end": "02:51:38", "start": "02:51:34", "text": "out here in goddamn Gobi Desert. I mean"}, {"end": "02:51:41", "start": "02:51:36", "text": "like we got some good marketing man."}, {"end": "02:51:42", "start": "02:51:38", "text": "This is this this is this is nuts, you"}, {"end": "02:51:44", "start": "02:51:41", "text": "know? So, uh, so there's, you know,"}, {"end": "02:51:46", "start": "02:51:42", "text": "that's that's fun, but it, you know,"}, {"end": "02:51:48", "start": "02:51:44", "text": "it's also a little weird because there's"}, {"end": "02:51:49", "start": "02:51:46", "text": "asymmetries now. If you're recognized"}, {"end": "02:51:51", "start": "02:51:48", "text": "everywhere you go, you don't start at"}, {"end": "02:51:53", "start": "02:51:49", "text": "zero. You know, they already have an"}, {"end": "02:51:54", "start": "02:51:51", "text": "impression either positive or negative."}, {"end": "02:51:56", "start": "02:51:53", "text": "And the markets are doing well, it's"}, {"end": "02:51:57", "start": "02:51:54", "text": "very positive. If the markets aren't"}, {"end": "02:52:01", "start": "02:51:56", "text": "doing well, it's very negative. So, you"}, {"end": "02:52:01", "start": "02:51:57", "text": "got to be a little careful with it."}, {"end": "02:52:08", "start": "02:52:03", "text": "Lot of stuff there. Yeah. Lot of stuff."}, {"end": "02:52:11", "start": "02:52:06", "text": "Let's talk Let's switch it up a little"}, {"end": "02:52:15", "start": "02:52:08", "text": "bit. Let's talk about the what was it"}, {"end": "02:52:17", "start": "02:52:11", "text": "that you were you were looking for"}, {"end": "02:52:19", "start": "02:52:15", "text": "solar. Oh, the alien stuff. Yeah, let's"}, {"end": "02:52:22", "start": "02:52:17", "text": "talk about the alien stuff. Oh, god."}, {"end": "02:52:26", "start": "02:52:19", "text": "People love aliens. All right. So, I"}, {"end": "02:52:28", "start": "02:52:22", "text": "watched um uh Avi Lobe on Joe Rogan. He"}, {"end": "02:52:31", "start": "02:52:26", "text": "was talking about Mua Mua, which is like"}, {"end": "02:52:33", "start": "02:52:28", "text": "this cigar- shaped alien vessel thingy"}, {"end": "02:52:35", "start": "02:52:31", "text": "thingabob that doesn't seem to be from"}, {"end": "02:52:38", "start": "02:52:33", "text": "our solar system and it doesn't seem to"}, {"end": "02:52:39", "start": "02:52:35", "text": "be natural. And I was like, \"Wow, this"}, {"end": "02:52:41", "start": "02:52:38", "text": "Avi guy is really cool.\" And he had"}, {"end": "02:52:43", "start": "02:52:39", "text": "something called the Galileo program."}, {"end": "02:52:45", "start": "02:52:41", "text": "And uh and so I reached out to Avi and I"}, {"end": "02:52:46", "start": "02:52:43", "text": "said, \"Hey, you know, I'm a big fan and"}, {"end": "02:52:48", "start": "02:52:45", "text": "uh you know, I I heard that you guys are"}, {"end": "02:52:50", "start": "02:52:46", "text": "doing some interesting stuff. Is there"}, {"end": "02:52:53", "start": "02:52:48", "text": "anything I can help you with?\" And"}, {"end": "02:52:53", "start": "02:52:50", "text": "obviously"}, {"end": "02:52:59", "start": "02:52:54", "text": "body, this meteorite that hit Earth in"}, {"end": "02:53:00", "start": "02:52:56", "text": "2014, and we think it's from a different"}, {"end": "02:53:02", "start": "02:52:59", "text": "solar system because we did all the"}, {"end": "02:53:05", "start": "02:53:00", "text": "mathematical calculations and we figured"}, {"end": "02:53:06", "start": "02:53:02", "text": "out where it landed roughly speaking."}, {"end": "02:53:09", "start": "02:53:05", "text": "and we think there might be a chance"}, {"end": "02:53:10", "start": "02:53:06", "text": "that it's not natural. I was like, \"Oh,"}, {"end": "02:53:11", "start": "02:53:09", "text": "that's interesting.\" I said, \"Where is"}, {"end": "02:53:12", "start": "02:53:10", "text": "it?\" And they said, \"Well, you know, we"}, {"end": "02:53:14", "start": "02:53:11", "text": "got some data from the Air Force, but"}, {"end": "02:53:16", "start": "02:53:12", "text": "they won't give us the right resolution,"}, {"end": "02:53:19", "start": "02:53:14", "text": "but we have enough resolution uh that we"}, {"end": "02:53:21", "start": "02:53:16", "text": "think it's like roughly speaking 50"}, {"end": "02:53:22", "start": "02:53:19", "text": "miles off the coast of Papu New Guinea.\""}, {"end": "02:53:23", "start": "02:53:21", "text": "I'm like, \"Okay, so what do you want to"}, {"end": "02:53:25", "start": "02:53:22", "text": "do?\" And he's like, \"Well, we want to"}, {"end": "02:53:27", "start": "02:53:23", "text": "set up a sea salvage operation and go,"}, {"end": "02:53:29", "start": "02:53:25", "text": "you know, find it.\" He's like, \"You want"}, {"end": "02:53:31", "start": "02:53:27", "text": "to be part of it?\" Like, \"Do I [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "02:53:33", "start": "02:53:29", "text": "sea salvage operation off the coast of"}, {"end": "02:53:35", "start": "02:53:31", "text": "Puigi? This is going to be interesting.\""}, {"end": "02:53:37", "start": "02:53:33", "text": "All right. So, it was like a heist"}, {"end": "02:53:39", "start": "02:53:35", "text": "movie. We had like assemble this team of"}, {"end": "02:53:41", "start": "02:53:37", "text": "people and we had this weirdo air force"}, {"end": "02:53:43", "start": "02:53:39", "text": "guy that went with us and uh then we had"}, {"end": "02:53:45", "start": "02:53:41", "text": "this old sea captain who was like 87"}, {"end": "02:53:47", "start": "02:53:43", "text": "years old named Art Wright who is like"}, {"end": "02:53:49", "start": "02:53:45", "text": "the Navy's find it guy, you know, he"}, {"end": "02:53:51", "start": "02:53:47", "text": "found like Russian nuclear subs and all"}, {"end": "02:53:54", "start": "02:53:49", "text": "these other things. And he fought in"}, {"end": "02:53:55", "start": "02:53:51", "text": "Vietnam as like a captain in in Laos and"}, {"end": "02:53:57", "start": "02:53:54", "text": "all these other things. You know, he's"}, {"end": "02:53:59", "start": "02:53:55", "text": "just seen some horrible [\u00a0__\u00a0] his entire"}, {"end": "02:54:02", "start": "02:53:57", "text": "life. It was crusty as hell. And then we"}, {"end": "02:54:04", "start": "02:53:59", "text": "had um this guy from New Zealand uh"}, {"end": "02:54:06", "start": "02:54:02", "text": "whose name will come to me in a second."}, {"end": "02:54:08", "start": "02:54:04", "text": "Um and uh he he was like a famous"}, {"end": "02:54:10", "start": "02:54:06", "text": "submarine diver and he was good friends"}, {"end": "02:54:12", "start": "02:54:08", "text": "with uh with James Cameron and he got to"}, {"end": "02:54:14", "start": "02:54:10", "text": "the Titanic a dozen times and all these"}, {"end": "02:54:16", "start": "02:54:12", "text": "things. So it was a really eclectic crew"}, {"end": "02:54:18", "start": "02:54:14", "text": "of people and I put in the money and a"}, {"end": "02:54:19", "start": "02:54:16", "text": "Netflix crew came down and they actually"}, {"end": "02:54:21", "start": "02:54:18", "text": "shot a documentary while we were down"}, {"end": "02:54:22", "start": "02:54:19", "text": "there and they're still working on it."}, {"end": "02:54:26", "start": "02:54:21", "text": "So we also had a documentary crew that"}, {"end": "02:54:28", "start": "02:54:22", "text": "was led by a really um unique director."}, {"end": "02:54:29", "start": "02:54:26", "text": "It was special and obviously Avi himself"}, {"end": "02:54:31", "start": "02:54:28", "text": "and all the Harvard scientists and we"}, {"end": "02:54:33", "start": "02:54:29", "text": "got on this ship called the Silver Star."}, {"end": "02:54:35", "start": "02:54:31", "text": "So we planned out the whole expedition."}, {"end": "02:54:39", "start": "02:54:33", "text": "We flew out on my jet to Manis Island"}, {"end": "02:54:42", "start": "02:54:35", "text": "and uh and then we took off and what we"}, {"end": "02:54:44", "start": "02:54:39", "text": "had to do is we designed this sled uh"}, {"end": "02:54:47", "start": "02:54:42", "text": "with magnets on it and basically we we"}, {"end": "02:54:49", "start": "02:54:44", "text": "had it fall behind the ship and sink all"}, {"end": "02:54:51", "start": "02:54:47", "text": "the way to the seafloor 6,000 ft down"}, {"end": "02:54:54", "start": "02:54:49", "text": "and then we dragged it. It's kind of"}, {"end": "02:54:55", "start": "02:54:51", "text": "like space balls, uh, when they they're"}, {"end": "02:54:57", "start": "02:54:54", "text": "combing the desert, you know, they're"}, {"end": "02:54:59", "start": "02:54:55", "text": "out there. So, you just drag this sled"}, {"end": "02:55:01", "start": "02:54:57", "text": "behind the ship for eight hours and you"}, {"end": "02:55:03", "start": "02:54:59", "text": "bring the sled up in a very dramatic way"}, {"end": "02:55:05", "start": "02:55:01", "text": "and then you take the sled off and then"}, {"end": "02:55:07", "start": "02:55:03", "text": "we had to clean the magnets off to see"}, {"end": "02:55:10", "start": "02:55:05", "text": "if we can find fragments from the"}, {"end": "02:55:12", "start": "02:55:07", "text": "meteorite that was there. Uh and we did"}, {"end": "02:55:14", "start": "02:55:10", "text": "this for two weeks and and and it almost"}, {"end": "02:55:15", "start": "02:55:12", "text": "became like a horror movie because we"}, {"end": "02:55:17", "start": "02:55:14", "text": "were like tightly confined on the ship"}, {"end": "02:55:19", "start": "02:55:15", "text": "and because of the schedule we had a"}, {"end": "02:55:21", "start": "02:55:17", "text": "polyphasic sleep schedule. We were"}, {"end": "02:55:23", "start": "02:55:19", "text": "running 24 hours a day to save money. uh"}, {"end": "02:55:25", "start": "02:55:21", "text": "nobody was sleeping properly and it was"}, {"end": "02:55:27", "start": "02:55:23", "text": "a very high stress and things kept"}, {"end": "02:55:29", "start": "02:55:25", "text": "breaking and things kept going wrong and"}, {"end": "02:55:32", "start": "02:55:27", "text": "like the experienced sailors like Art uh"}, {"end": "02:55:34", "start": "02:55:29", "text": "he he he would be uh he would be super"}, {"end": "02:55:36", "start": "02:55:32", "text": "stoic guy like every morning go down at"}, {"end": "02:55:38", "start": "02:55:34", "text": "5:00 a.m. Morning, Captain Morning. And"}, {"end": "02:55:40", "start": "02:55:36", "text": "I was like, I heard you were a rowing"}, {"end": "02:55:43", "start": "02:55:38", "text": "champion and you know at at 87 like how"}, {"end": "02:55:46", "start": "02:55:40", "text": "do you do that? And they all died."}, {"end": "02:55:49", "start": "02:55:43", "text": "It's like he's a man of few words, Art."}, {"end": "02:55:52", "start": "02:55:46", "text": "Um and uh but then you know Avi, he"}, {"end": "02:55:54", "start": "02:55:49", "text": "decided to stop sleeping in his cabin"}, {"end": "02:55:57", "start": "02:55:52", "text": "and sleeping instead in the common"}, {"end": "02:55:58", "start": "02:55:54", "text": "areas. And then uh oh god, we nearly"}, {"end": "02:56:00", "start": "02:55:57", "text": "killed him because he kept turning off"}, {"end": "02:56:02", "start": "02:55:58", "text": "the air conditioner. It was like 120\u00b0"}, {"end": "02:56:03", "start": "02:56:00", "text": "with the humidity cuz we're right in the"}, {"end": "02:56:06", "start": "02:56:02", "text": "equator and it's the middle of [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "02:56:08", "start": "02:56:03", "text": "summer. And for some reason, I don't"}, {"end": "02:56:09", "start": "02:56:06", "text": "know why, in the common area, which is"}, {"end": "02:56:12", "start": "02:56:08", "text": "the only place we can hang out on the"}, {"end": "02:56:14", "start": "02:56:09", "text": "ship. Uh he anytime he was wearing his"}, {"end": "02:56:16", "start": "02:56:12", "text": "laptop, he would turn off the AC and it"}, {"end": "02:56:18", "start": "02:56:14", "text": "would get just unbearably hot inside the"}, {"end": "02:56:19", "start": "02:56:16", "text": "area. So, we go and turn it back on,"}, {"end": "02:56:21", "start": "02:56:18", "text": "then he would turn it off, and turn it"}, {"end": "02:56:23", "start": "02:56:19", "text": "back on, then he would turn it off. And"}, {"end": "02:56:25", "start": "02:56:21", "text": "like the first few days, haha, we're all"}, {"end": "02:56:27", "start": "02:56:23", "text": "fine. After about two weeks on a ship,"}, {"end": "02:56:29", "start": "02:56:25", "text": "not sleeping properly, you know, that"}, {"end": "02:56:30", "start": "02:56:27", "text": "that motion and everything, we're like,"}, {"end": "02:56:33", "start": "02:56:29", "text": "\"Do you think the world would miss Avi"}, {"end": "02:56:35", "start": "02:56:30", "text": "Lobo if he fell off the ship, you know,"}, {"end": "02:56:38", "start": "02:56:33", "text": "but uh but anyway, he was a good man.\""}, {"end": "02:56:40", "start": "02:56:35", "text": "And and what we ended up finding uh cuz"}, {"end": "02:56:41", "start": "02:56:38", "text": "after we processed all the samples, we"}, {"end": "02:56:44", "start": "02:56:40", "text": "sent them over to Harvard and uh they"}, {"end": "02:56:46", "start": "02:56:41", "text": "analyzed them that we found these furals"}, {"end": "02:56:49", "start": "02:56:44", "text": "that are from a different solar system."}, {"end": "02:56:51", "start": "02:56:46", "text": "So after analyzing them, they have about"}, {"end": "02:56:54", "start": "02:56:49", "text": "5,000 times the concentration of"}, {"end": "02:56:56", "start": "02:56:51", "text": "burillion lanthinum in uranium. And so"}, {"end": "02:56:58", "start": "02:56:54", "text": "what we think happened was that there"}, {"end": "02:57:00", "start": "02:56:56", "text": "was a planet that smashed into something"}, {"end": "02:57:03", "start": "02:56:58", "text": "and it broke open and its core was"}, {"end": "02:57:05", "start": "02:57:00", "text": "violently ejected and then it traveled"}, {"end": "02:57:07", "start": "02:57:03", "text": "for a billion years into interstellar"}, {"end": "02:57:09", "start": "02:57:05", "text": "space and then it ended up hitting the"}, {"end": "02:57:12", "start": "02:57:07", "text": "earth. Wow. which is the chance of that"}, {"end": "02:57:14", "start": "02:57:09", "text": "is like so infotetumly small. And we"}, {"end": "02:57:16", "start": "02:57:12", "text": "wrote a paper about it and it got"}, {"end": "02:57:18", "start": "02:57:14", "text": "published and they want to do another"}, {"end": "02:57:20", "start": "02:57:16", "text": "expedition because now that they found"}, {"end": "02:57:22", "start": "02:57:18", "text": "those fragments, they think they know"}, {"end": "02:57:23", "start": "02:57:20", "text": "where the big pieces are. And if you"}, {"end": "02:57:25", "start": "02:57:22", "text": "find a big piece, you can use different"}, {"end": "02:57:27", "start": "02:57:23", "text": "types of analysis to be able to actually"}, {"end": "02:57:29", "start": "02:57:25", "text": "definitively know what solar system that"}, {"end": "02:57:31", "start": "02:57:27", "text": "it actually came from. But uh because"}, {"end": "02:57:33", "start": "02:57:29", "text": "you know when these things fall they"}, {"end": "02:57:35", "start": "02:57:31", "text": "kind of like the outer skin melts and as"}, {"end": "02:57:37", "start": "02:57:33", "text": "it melts they drop down and they form"}, {"end": "02:57:38", "start": "02:57:35", "text": "spheres and then they sink to the bottom"}, {"end": "02:57:40", "start": "02:57:37", "text": "of the sea and they just sit in the"}, {"end": "02:57:42", "start": "02:57:38", "text": "abyssal terrain forever. Uh but I think"}, {"end": "02:57:44", "start": "02:57:40", "text": "it's the first exosolar thing ever"}, {"end": "02:57:45", "start": "02:57:42", "text": "recovered from the seafloor. So I was"}, {"end": "02:57:47", "start": "02:57:44", "text": "really proud of that. You know we helped"}, {"end": "02:57:49", "start": "02:57:45", "text": "design the sled and did all these things"}, {"end": "02:57:50", "start": "02:57:47", "text": "and we actually designed two sleds and"}, {"end": "02:57:51", "start": "02:57:49", "text": "one of them that I designed they didn't"}, {"end": "02:57:53", "start": "02:57:50", "text": "use and then the other one with the"}, {"end": "02:57:55", "start": "02:57:51", "text": "magnets they ended up using. The one"}, {"end": "02:57:57", "start": "02:57:53", "text": "that I helped design was a sleuth box."}, {"end": "02:57:58", "start": "02:57:55", "text": "And because I used to gold pan and I"}, {"end": "02:58:01", "start": "02:57:57", "text": "used to do the sleuththing for gold on"}, {"end": "02:58:03", "start": "02:57:58", "text": "river beds. And what you do is you you"}, {"end": "02:58:04", "start": "02:58:01", "text": "have these riffles in it and it takes"}, {"end": "02:58:06", "start": "02:58:03", "text": "advantage of the density mismatch"}, {"end": "02:58:08", "start": "02:58:04", "text": "between the sediments and the gold. And"}, {"end": "02:58:10", "start": "02:58:06", "text": "so you're saying, well, if it's alien"}, {"end": "02:58:12", "start": "02:58:08", "text": "technology or it's like a heavy iron or"}, {"end": "02:58:13", "start": "02:58:10", "text": "something like that from a meteorite,"}, {"end": "02:58:15", "start": "02:58:12", "text": "it's probably really heavy. It's pretty"}, {"end": "02:58:17", "start": "02:58:13", "text": "dense. So if that material is really"}, {"end": "02:58:20", "start": "02:58:15", "text": "strong and really dense, then it it's"}, {"end": "02:58:22", "start": "02:58:17", "text": "going to be much easier to sort it out"}, {"end": "02:58:24", "start": "02:58:20", "text": "from sand that's on the seabed, right?"}, {"end": "02:58:26", "start": "02:58:22", "text": "And so if you use a sleuth box, just"}, {"end": "02:58:28", "start": "02:58:24", "text": "like gold panning, you should be able to"}, {"end": "02:58:30", "start": "02:58:26", "text": "filter it out. The problem is that we"}, {"end": "02:58:32", "start": "02:58:28", "text": "tested it off the west coast of the"}, {"end": "02:58:33", "start": "02:58:30", "text": "United States, like right off Washington"}, {"end": "02:58:36", "start": "02:58:32", "text": "State, cuz that's where the the guys who"}, {"end": "02:58:39", "start": "02:58:33", "text": "designed everything was, and that was a"}, {"end": "02:58:40", "start": "02:58:36", "text": "radically different seabed than Boua New"}, {"end": "02:58:42", "start": "02:58:39", "text": "Guinea. So it kept getting clogged up,"}, {"end": "02:58:44", "start": "02:58:40", "text": "and we couldn't end up using it. We were"}, {"end": "02:58:46", "start": "02:58:42", "text": "worried actually that we were going to"}, {"end": "02:58:49", "start": "02:58:44", "text": "break our line cuz we had this giant"}, {"end": "02:58:51", "start": "02:58:46", "text": "spool in the back and you know it's it"}, {"end": "02:58:53", "start": "02:58:49", "text": "has to have enough rope to go down 6,000"}, {"end": "02:58:54", "start": "02:58:51", "text": "ft and also then drag this thing behind"}, {"end": "02:58:55", "start": "02:58:53", "text": "the boat and we're like man that's"}, {"end": "02:58:57", "start": "02:58:54", "text": "probably going to break with some"}, {"end": "02:58:59", "start": "02:58:55", "text": "snapback and kill somebody. We should"}, {"end": "02:59:01", "start": "02:58:57", "text": "probably not do that. So we we ended up"}, {"end": "02:59:04", "start": "02:58:59", "text": "just using the magnetic sled instead."}, {"end": "02:59:05", "start": "02:59:01", "text": "But we had a lot of fun with it. Like um"}, {"end": "02:59:07", "start": "02:59:04", "text": "you know the thing you know where they"}, {"end": "02:59:09", "start": "02:59:05", "text": "had that that that soundtrack from it"}, {"end": "02:59:11", "start": "02:59:07", "text": "you know dun dun dun. So, we made a"}, {"end": "02:59:13", "start": "02:59:09", "text": "little video, you know, on Twitter of"}, {"end": "02:59:15", "start": "02:59:11", "text": "like the sled coming up in the middle of"}, {"end": "02:59:16", "start": "02:59:13", "text": "the night and like the thing song theme"}, {"end": "02:59:18", "start": "02:59:15", "text": "there, you know, because we say, \"Hey,"}, {"end": "02:59:20", "start": "02:59:16", "text": "you never know. It could be alien [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "02:59:21", "start": "02:59:18", "text": "you know.\" And we never told Obby this,"}, {"end": "02:59:23", "start": "02:59:20", "text": "but my security detail and I we said,"}, {"end": "02:59:25", "start": "02:59:21", "text": "\"Look, if we actually find something"}, {"end": "02:59:27", "start": "02:59:23", "text": "alien, we we had a whole protocol for"}, {"end": "02:59:29", "start": "02:59:25", "text": "how we were going to secure that and"}, {"end": "02:59:31", "start": "02:59:27", "text": "take it off the ship and take it to an"}, {"end": "02:59:33", "start": "02:59:29", "text": "undisclosed location to decide what to"}, {"end": "02:59:35", "start": "02:59:31", "text": "do with it.\" And only later did we tell"}, {"end": "02:59:38", "start": "02:59:33", "text": "Avi that we we had it. We called it the"}, {"end": "02:59:39", "start": "02:59:35", "text": "touchdown protocol. And these were all"}, {"end": "02:59:42", "start": "02:59:38", "text": "like Green Beretss that were with me."}, {"end": "02:59:44", "start": "02:59:39", "text": "And uh I w I didn't have a SEAL at that"}, {"end": "02:59:45", "start": "02:59:42", "text": "time, but I really wish I had some Navy"}, {"end": "02:59:48", "start": "02:59:44", "text": "guys because the Berets didn't do as"}, {"end": "02:59:50", "start": "02:59:45", "text": "well on the boat as the as Billy would"}, {"end": "02:59:52", "start": "02:59:48", "text": "have done. What do you think of all this"}, {"end": "02:59:54", "start": "02:59:50", "text": "alien stuff in the news? These"}, {"end": "02:59:58", "start": "02:59:52", "text": "anti-gravity"}, {"end": "02:59:59", "start": "02:59:54", "text": "propulsion systems. What do you think?"}, {"end": "03:00:01", "start": "02:59:58", "text": "Well, you know, it's hard to know it's"}, {"end": "03:00:03", "start": "02:59:59", "text": "true anymore because it could be a false"}, {"end": "03:00:05", "start": "03:00:01", "text": "flag thing where they're doing it to"}, {"end": "03:00:08", "start": "03:00:03", "text": "distract people or a propaganda thing."}, {"end": "03:00:10", "start": "03:00:05", "text": "uh or it maybe is it's legit UAPs and uh"}, {"end": "03:00:12", "start": "03:00:08", "text": "they actually have these capabilities."}, {"end": "03:00:13", "start": "03:00:10", "text": "Um certainly the tapes are compelling."}, {"end": "03:00:15", "start": "03:00:12", "text": "You know, you study aerospace"}, {"end": "03:00:17", "start": "03:00:13", "text": "engineering, it's like it's not possible"}, {"end": "03:00:19", "start": "03:00:15", "text": "to do the maneuvers that you're seeing"}, {"end": "03:00:21", "start": "03:00:17", "text": "with conventional propulsion. So there's"}, {"end": "03:00:22", "start": "03:00:19", "text": "some fundamental difference here with"}, {"end": "03:00:24", "start": "03:00:21", "text": "these things. And if you're an alien"}, {"end": "03:00:27", "start": "03:00:22", "text": "race, you got to think about what would"}, {"end": "03:00:29", "start": "03:00:24", "text": "they do? They would send robots like"}, {"end": "03:00:32", "start": "03:00:27", "text": "just like we would. We would send drones"}, {"end": "03:00:33", "start": "03:00:29", "text": "to a place. And so if you have it, you"}, {"end": "03:00:36", "start": "03:00:32", "text": "know, you would first hide them in the"}, {"end": "03:00:39", "start": "03:00:33", "text": "sea cuz no one will discover them there."}, {"end": "03:00:41", "start": "03:00:36", "text": "And 70% of the earth is sea. So it's the"}, {"end": "03:00:43", "start": "03:00:39", "text": "obvious hiding spot to do it. And then"}, {"end": "03:00:45", "start": "03:00:41", "text": "uh you know, you would use them to"}, {"end": "03:00:47", "start": "03:00:43", "text": "observe things of significance. So"}, {"end": "03:00:50", "start": "03:00:45", "text": "observe nuclear weapons, observe the"}, {"end": "03:00:51", "start": "03:00:47", "text": "great powers, observe events, and then"}, {"end": "03:00:54", "start": "03:00:50", "text": "there would be some period that you"}, {"end": "03:00:56", "start": "03:00:51", "text": "would transmit information back. So"}, {"end": "03:00:58", "start": "03:00:54", "text": "it's, you know, it makes sense, you"}, {"end": "03:00:59", "start": "03:00:56", "text": "know, from a from a common sense"}, {"end": "03:01:01", "start": "03:00:58", "text": "framework that, you know, if there was"}, {"end": "03:01:02", "start": "03:00:59", "text": "an extraterrestrial surveilling the"}, {"end": "03:01:04", "start": "03:01:01", "text": "United States, that would be the"}, {"end": "03:01:05", "start": "03:01:02", "text": "approach that they would take. And then"}, {"end": "03:01:07", "start": "03:01:04", "text": "the other thing you'd like to understand"}, {"end": "03:01:08", "start": "03:01:05", "text": "is the capabilities of the species, like"}, {"end": "03:01:10", "start": "03:01:07", "text": "can you turn their nuclear weapons on"}, {"end": "03:01:12", "start": "03:01:08", "text": "and off, there's been some reports of"}, {"end": "03:01:14", "start": "03:01:10", "text": "issues like power outages at silos and"}, {"end": "03:01:16", "start": "03:01:12", "text": "things like that. And you'd also like to"}, {"end": "03:01:18", "start": "03:01:14", "text": "take samples, you know, you'd like to"}, {"end": "03:01:20", "start": "03:01:16", "text": "understand what those species are and uh"}, {"end": "03:01:21", "start": "03:01:18", "text": "and and understand if they're a threat"}, {"end": "03:01:23", "start": "03:01:20", "text": "or friendly or, you know, how they"}, {"end": "03:01:26", "start": "03:01:21", "text": "operate and what they do. So is it"}, {"end": "03:01:29", "start": "03:01:23", "text": "plausible? Of course."}, {"end": "03:01:31", "start": "03:01:26", "text": "The challenge is you know why is it not"}, {"end": "03:01:34", "start": "03:01:29", "text": "disclosed at this point if they do"}, {"end": "03:01:37", "start": "03:01:31", "text": "exist. You know what is the reason the"}, {"end": "03:01:38", "start": "03:01:34", "text": "government won't tell us the whole truth"}, {"end": "03:01:40", "start": "03:01:37", "text": "if they're fully aware of that truth"}, {"end": "03:01:42", "start": "03:01:38", "text": "either because the truth is horrifying"}, {"end": "03:01:44", "start": "03:01:40", "text": "and there's really bad things that are"}, {"end": "03:01:46", "start": "03:01:42", "text": "happening or they don't know in which"}, {"end": "03:01:47", "start": "03:01:44", "text": "case they're actually being honest and"}, {"end": "03:01:49", "start": "03:01:46", "text": "they're sharing what they do have you"}, {"end": "03:01:51", "start": "03:01:47", "text": "know sands what they think they can't"}, {"end": "03:01:54", "start": "03:01:49", "text": "determine as an enemy capability versus"}, {"end": "03:01:55", "start": "03:01:51", "text": "what we have. um or it doesn't exist and"}, {"end": "03:01:57", "start": "03:01:54", "text": "they're actually doing this as a false"}, {"end": "03:02:00", "start": "03:01:55", "text": "flag thing to try to mess with us for"}, {"end": "03:02:01", "start": "03:01:57", "text": "some reason to distract us from some"}, {"end": "03:02:03", "start": "03:02:00", "text": "other thing that they're Why would they"}, {"end": "03:02:05", "start": "03:02:01", "text": "be doing that? Who knows? You know, it's"}, {"end": "03:02:06", "start": "03:02:03", "text": "it's like tradecraftraft, right? You"}, {"end": "03:02:08", "start": "03:02:05", "text": "know, you you pay attention to left hand"}, {"end": "03:02:11", "start": "03:02:06", "text": "while the right hand's sliding in your"}, {"end": "03:02:14", "start": "03:02:08", "text": "back pocket, you know? So, you you"}, {"end": "03:02:16", "start": "03:02:11", "text": "always do things in a certain way um in"}, {"end": "03:02:18", "start": "03:02:14", "text": "a certain structure based upon what your"}, {"end": "03:02:21", "start": "03:02:16", "text": "goals are. you know, they could have"}, {"end": "03:02:23", "start": "03:02:18", "text": "killed Bin Laden with a JDAM and uh and"}, {"end": "03:02:25", "start": "03:02:21", "text": "they just taken DNA samples. Instead,"}, {"end": "03:02:27", "start": "03:02:23", "text": "they had a daring raid, you know, opera."}, {"end": "03:02:29", "start": "03:02:25", "text": "It was a Neptune spear and they sent"}, {"end": "03:02:32", "start": "03:02:27", "text": "special forces in in a very, very"}, {"end": "03:02:33", "start": "03:02:29", "text": "dangerous mission that happened to be"}, {"end": "03:02:35", "start": "03:02:32", "text": "timed to happen exactly when Obama was"}, {"end": "03:02:37", "start": "03:02:33", "text": "at the White House correspondents dinner"}, {"end": "03:02:40", "start": "03:02:35", "text": "when all of the press happened to be in"}, {"end": "03:02:41", "start": "03:02:37", "text": "Washington DC. And um the end result was"}, {"end": "03:02:44", "start": "03:02:40", "text": "exactly the same. It was a kill mission."}, {"end": "03:02:46", "start": "03:02:41", "text": "It was not a capture mission. So why do"}, {"end": "03:02:47", "start": "03:02:44", "text": "it that way? I don't know. Maybe the"}, {"end": "03:02:49", "start": "03:02:46", "text": "president had other objectives other"}, {"end": "03:02:52", "start": "03:02:47", "text": "than just killing a target, you know."}, {"end": "03:02:54", "start": "03:02:49", "text": "And so politicians do things and"}, {"end": "03:02:56", "start": "03:02:52", "text": "governments do things all all the time"}, {"end": "03:02:58", "start": "03:02:54", "text": "to distract people and say things. And"}, {"end": "03:03:00", "start": "03:02:56", "text": "if one distraction is not working, then"}, {"end": "03:03:03", "start": "03:02:58", "text": "perhaps another distraction is going to"}, {"end": "03:03:06", "start": "03:03:00", "text": "work. The other thing is that um there's"}, {"end": "03:03:07", "start": "03:03:03", "text": "a lot of weird topshelf physics that"}, {"end": "03:03:09", "start": "03:03:06", "text": "we're starting to discover in the"}, {"end": "03:03:10", "start": "03:03:07", "text": "academic world. Like they froze light"}, {"end": "03:03:12", "start": "03:03:09", "text": "the other day. Now I guess light's a"}, {"end": "03:03:14", "start": "03:03:10", "text": "solid. Who the [\u00a0__\u00a0] knew? And what do"}, {"end": "03:03:15", "start": "03:03:12", "text": "you mean they froze light? It's crazy,"}, {"end": "03:03:18", "start": "03:03:14", "text": "right? that God knows how it works."}, {"end": "03:03:19", "start": "03:03:15", "text": "They're doing it for B for memory"}, {"end": "03:03:22", "start": "03:03:18", "text": "modules for optical quantum computers"}, {"end": "03:03:23", "start": "03:03:19", "text": "and using crystals like freeze light,"}, {"end": "03:03:24", "start": "03:03:22", "text": "you know, and then then they have time"}, {"end": "03:03:26", "start": "03:03:23", "text": "crystals and they have all this other"}, {"end": "03:03:28", "start": "03:03:24", "text": "crazy [\u00a0__\u00a0] that they're coming up with."}, {"end": "03:03:31", "start": "03:03:26", "text": "It's like the physics are so insane. So,"}, {"end": "03:03:32", "start": "03:03:28", "text": "we're discovering things that are kind"}, {"end": "03:03:34", "start": "03:03:31", "text": "of like bending our conception of"}, {"end": "03:03:37", "start": "03:03:32", "text": "reality, whether it be quantum"}, {"end": "03:03:38", "start": "03:03:34", "text": "teleportation or uh you know, any of"}, {"end": "03:03:40", "start": "03:03:37", "text": "these things. What is quantum"}, {"end": "03:03:42", "start": "03:03:38", "text": "teleportation? It's basically where you"}, {"end": "03:03:44", "start": "03:03:40", "text": "move without going through a medium"}, {"end": "03:03:46", "start": "03:03:42", "text": "information from one point to another"}, {"end": "03:03:47", "start": "03:03:44", "text": "point and and it seems to be faster than"}, {"end": "03:03:49", "start": "03:03:46", "text": "the speed of light. You know, and some"}, {"end": "03:03:51", "start": "03:03:47", "text": "physicists listening to this will cringe"}, {"end": "03:03:53", "start": "03:03:49", "text": "and say, \"Well, actually, but basically,"}, {"end": "03:03:55", "start": "03:03:51", "text": "you can move a message from A to B and"}, {"end": "03:03:56", "start": "03:03:53", "text": "it doesn't go through a medium. They"}, {"end": "03:03:58", "start": "03:03:55", "text": "just quantum entanglement.\" Yeah. They"}, {"end": "03:04:01", "start": "03:03:56", "text": "entangle and a message comes through,"}, {"end": "03:04:03", "start": "03:03:58", "text": "you know, and so and so you have these"}, {"end": "03:04:06", "start": "03:04:01", "text": "capabilities. You have these things here"}, {"end": "03:04:08", "start": "03:04:03", "text": "and and they're beyond the realm of"}, {"end": "03:04:10", "start": "03:04:06", "text": "normal understanding. meaning that you"}, {"end": "03:04:12", "start": "03:04:08", "text": "have to have a PhD in physics and even"}, {"end": "03:04:15", "start": "03:04:10", "text": "in just discussing them, you kind of get"}, {"end": "03:04:16", "start": "03:04:12", "text": "your conception wrong. Like my my"}, {"end": "03:04:18", "start": "03:04:15", "text": "description of quantum computers with"}, {"end": "03:04:20", "start": "03:04:16", "text": "the library is kind of sort of right,"}, {"end": "03:04:22", "start": "03:04:18", "text": "but there's some nuances about how"}, {"end": "03:04:24", "start": "03:04:20", "text": "interference works and entanglement"}, {"end": "03:04:26", "start": "03:04:22", "text": "works and but it's right enough that you"}, {"end": "03:04:28", "start": "03:04:24", "text": "know you're 90% of the way there. We're"}, {"end": "03:04:30", "start": "03:04:26", "text": "not even 90% of the way there when you"}, {"end": "03:04:32", "start": "03:04:28", "text": "talk about these topshelf new physics"}, {"end": "03:04:33", "start": "03:04:30", "text": "things. Well, what if there are secret"}, {"end": "03:04:35", "start": "03:04:32", "text": "research labs that have been very"}, {"end": "03:04:38", "start": "03:04:33", "text": "focused and thinking about these top"}, {"end": "03:04:40", "start": "03:04:35", "text": "shelf things for 20, 30, 40, 50 years?"}, {"end": "03:04:43", "start": "03:04:38", "text": "They're going to be far ahead of the"}, {"end": "03:04:45", "start": "03:04:40", "text": "mainstream, in which case they'll have"}, {"end": "03:04:47", "start": "03:04:43", "text": "things that look like magic. Maybe they"}, {"end": "03:04:49", "start": "03:04:45", "text": "figured out anti-gravity, which case"}, {"end": "03:04:50", "start": "03:04:47", "text": "propulsion works totally different."}, {"end": "03:04:52", "start": "03:04:49", "text": "Maybe they figured out some new physics"}, {"end": "03:04:54", "start": "03:04:50", "text": "we're not aware of, and they're testing"}, {"end": "03:04:56", "start": "03:04:52", "text": "these types of things. So would you just"}, {"end": "03:04:59", "start": "03:04:54", "text": "admit that we have this a massive"}, {"end": "03:05:00", "start": "03:04:56", "text": "advantage against our near powers? Or"}, {"end": "03:05:03", "start": "03:04:59", "text": "would you then invent a narrative that"}, {"end": "03:05:05", "start": "03:05:00", "text": "aliens are stalking us? It's a fog of"}, {"end": "03:05:06", "start": "03:05:03", "text": "war. So that could be a thing. It's just"}, {"end": "03:05:08", "start": "03:05:05", "text": "kind of like all the drones running"}, {"end": "03:05:10", "start": "03:05:06", "text": "around the other day in New Jersey and"}, {"end": "03:05:13", "start": "03:05:08", "text": "all these other places right after uh"}, {"end": "03:05:14", "start": "03:05:10", "text": "Trump uh one. Who the hell knows? We"}, {"end": "03:05:16", "start": "03:05:13", "text": "still haven't really gotten a good"}, {"end": "03:05:18", "start": "03:05:14", "text": "explanation for all this, you know? So"}, {"end": "03:05:19", "start": "03:05:16", "text": "like did somebody lose a nuke and"}, {"end": "03:05:21", "start": "03:05:18", "text": "they're flying them at night to look for"}, {"end": "03:05:23", "start": "03:05:19", "text": "background radiation? I mean, like there"}, {"end": "03:05:25", "start": "03:05:21", "text": "was like dirty bomb rumors and all this"}, {"end": "03:05:27", "start": "03:05:23", "text": "other stuff and everybody had an opinion"}, {"end": "03:05:29", "start": "03:05:25", "text": "about it, you know, and and who the hell"}, {"end": "03:05:31", "start": "03:05:27", "text": "knows what the real story was. So, you"}, {"end": "03:05:34", "start": "03:05:29", "text": "see stuff like that. Where it's"}, {"end": "03:05:36", "start": "03:05:31", "text": "meaningful is um if something is"}, {"end": "03:05:38", "start": "03:05:34", "text": "actually recovered and we actually get"}, {"end": "03:05:41", "start": "03:05:36", "text": "to analyze it. That's what I care about."}, {"end": "03:05:43", "start": "03:05:38", "text": "Like if I see some high entropy alloy or"}, {"end": "03:05:45", "start": "03:05:41", "text": "some exotic material like metallic"}, {"end": "03:05:47", "start": "03:05:43", "text": "hydrogen or something like that that we"}, {"end": "03:05:50", "start": "03:05:45", "text": "can't make and we don't understand how"}, {"end": "03:05:52", "start": "03:05:47", "text": "to make at scale. If we have that, then"}, {"end": "03:05:56", "start": "03:05:50", "text": "that's meaningful because now we can use"}, {"end": "03:05:58", "start": "03:05:52", "text": "that, we can analyze that, we can we can"}, {"end": "03:06:01", "start": "03:05:56", "text": "backward engineer it and perhaps then"}, {"end": "03:06:03", "start": "03:05:58", "text": "gain something of value. We can't really"}, {"end": "03:06:05", "start": "03:06:01", "text": "do anything with these raw videos that"}, {"end": "03:06:08", "start": "03:06:03", "text": "we see. We can't really do anything with"}, {"end": "03:06:10", "start": "03:06:05", "text": "base speculation, you know, and um this"}, {"end": "03:06:12", "start": "03:06:08", "text": "this is why like consciousness is so"}, {"end": "03:06:15", "start": "03:06:10", "text": "interesting too when you it's it's a"}, {"end": "03:06:17", "start": "03:06:12", "text": "it's a parallel to aliens in many ways."}, {"end": "03:06:19", "start": "03:06:15", "text": "So consciousness is like this thing that"}, {"end": "03:06:20", "start": "03:06:17", "text": "everybody has an opinion on and there's"}, {"end": "03:06:22", "start": "03:06:19", "text": "all these things like integrated"}, {"end": "03:06:24", "start": "03:06:20", "text": "information theory and pansychism and"}, {"end": "03:06:26", "start": "03:06:22", "text": "and other concepts where you're like"}, {"end": "03:06:28", "start": "03:06:24", "text": "well is consciousness just an emergent"}, {"end": "03:06:30", "start": "03:06:26", "text": "property of your your brain cells"}, {"end": "03:06:31", "start": "03:06:28", "text": "working and doing things and it's"}, {"end": "03:06:34", "start": "03:06:30", "text": "completely encapsulated with the brain"}, {"end": "03:06:35", "start": "03:06:31", "text": "or is your mind more like an antenna and"}, {"end": "03:06:37", "start": "03:06:34", "text": "consciousness comes from some global"}, {"end": "03:06:39", "start": "03:06:35", "text": "commons and so people take psychedelics"}, {"end": "03:06:42", "start": "03:06:37", "text": "they're like well I'm seeing the same"}, {"end": "03:06:43", "start": "03:06:39", "text": "things on DMT as these guys over here"}, {"end": "03:06:45", "start": "03:06:42", "text": "and we're both sharing an altered state"}, {"end": "03:06:46", "start": "03:06:43", "text": "of consciousness we're not imagining it"}, {"end": "03:06:48", "start": "03:06:45", "text": "because I never talked to him"}, {"end": "03:06:50", "start": "03:06:46", "text": "beforehand. So why did he see the same"}, {"end": "03:06:52", "start": "03:06:48", "text": "thing I saw? The whole DMTL thing. But"}, {"end": "03:06:53", "start": "03:06:50", "text": "if consciousness is kind of like a"}, {"end": "03:06:55", "start": "03:06:52", "text": "global thing and you're changing your"}, {"end": "03:06:57", "start": "03:06:53", "text": "state of consciousness, you're retuning"}, {"end": "03:06:58", "start": "03:06:55", "text": "your antenna to a different frequency."}, {"end": "03:07:01", "start": "03:06:57", "text": "You're seeing something now, right?"}, {"end": "03:07:02", "start": "03:06:58", "text": "Okay. So maybe consciousness works this"}, {"end": "03:07:04", "start": "03:07:01", "text": "way or maybe it's just an emergent"}, {"end": "03:07:05", "start": "03:07:02", "text": "property of the brain and it's"}, {"end": "03:07:07", "start": "03:07:04", "text": "completely encapsulated there and that's"}, {"end": "03:07:09", "start": "03:07:05", "text": "is what it is."}, {"end": "03:07:11", "start": "03:07:07", "text": "What do you think? Well, you know,"}, {"end": "03:07:12", "start": "03:07:09", "text": "there's compelling evidence for uh"}, {"end": "03:07:14", "start": "03:07:11", "text": "consciousness being in the pansychism"}, {"end": "03:07:15", "start": "03:07:12", "text": "side. And if that's the case, it"}, {"end": "03:07:17", "start": "03:07:14", "text": "explains remote viewing. It explains"}, {"end": "03:07:19", "start": "03:07:15", "text": "telepathy. It explains all the things"}, {"end": "03:07:20", "start": "03:07:17", "text": "like there's this thing I saw on YouTube"}, {"end": "03:07:22", "start": "03:07:19", "text": "that a friend of mine uh the neural"}, {"end": "03:07:25", "start": "03:07:20", "text": "meditation institute. We did some work"}, {"end": "03:07:27", "start": "03:07:22", "text": "with him years ago, Dr. Jeffrey Tarant"}, {"end": "03:07:30", "start": "03:07:25", "text": "um where he did these uh studies with"}, {"end": "03:07:32", "start": "03:07:27", "text": "non-verbal autistic kids and uh they"}, {"end": "03:07:34", "start": "03:07:30", "text": "basically had so bonded to their"}, {"end": "03:07:36", "start": "03:07:32", "text": "caregivers, they had basically a"}, {"end": "03:07:38", "start": "03:07:34", "text": "telepathic bond with their caregivers."}, {"end": "03:07:40", "start": "03:07:36", "text": "So they actually tested it. So what they"}, {"end": "03:07:42", "start": "03:07:38", "text": "would do is the caregiver would look at"}, {"end": "03:07:44", "start": "03:07:40", "text": "a number and the kid would be in front"}, {"end": "03:07:45", "start": "03:07:42", "text": "of them and uh and then the kid would"}, {"end": "03:07:47", "start": "03:07:44", "text": "have an iPad or something like that and"}, {"end": "03:07:49", "start": "03:07:45", "text": "as the caregiver looks at the number the"}, {"end": "03:07:51", "start": "03:07:47", "text": "kid would type the number into the iPad"}, {"end": "03:07:53", "start": "03:07:49", "text": "and they did round after round after"}, {"end": "03:07:54", "start": "03:07:51", "text": "round and it's just incredible to see"}, {"end": "03:07:56", "start": "03:07:53", "text": "these things and I and as soon as I saw"}, {"end": "03:07:58", "start": "03:07:54", "text": "it I called Trent and I said what Jeff"}, {"end": "03:07:59", "start": "03:07:56", "text": "what the hell's going on? He's like yeah"}, {"end": "03:08:01", "start": "03:07:58", "text": "it just blew my mind. So there's all"}, {"end": "03:08:02", "start": "03:07:59", "text": "these YouTube videos where you can"}, {"end": "03:08:04", "start": "03:08:01", "text": "actually see the uh the kids doing this"}, {"end": "03:08:06", "start": "03:08:02", "text": "type of thing. Well, that makes no sense"}, {"end": "03:08:09", "start": "03:08:04", "text": "if consciousness is an emergent property"}, {"end": "03:08:11", "start": "03:08:06", "text": "of just the brain. But it makes a lot of"}, {"end": "03:08:13", "start": "03:08:09", "text": "sense if pansychism has something to do"}, {"end": "03:08:15", "start": "03:08:11", "text": "with it because then you have to have"}, {"end": "03:08:17", "start": "03:08:13", "text": "some sort of mechanism for the brain to"}, {"end": "03:08:18", "start": "03:08:15", "text": "communicate that we don't know. And"}, {"end": "03:08:21", "start": "03:08:17", "text": "there's a wonderful physicist named"}, {"end": "03:08:24", "start": "03:08:18", "text": "Roger Penrose who came up with this uh"}, {"end": "03:08:25", "start": "03:08:21", "text": "orch theory the uh this idea that these"}, {"end": "03:08:27", "start": "03:08:24", "text": "microtubules in the brain are like a"}, {"end": "03:08:28", "start": "03:08:25", "text": "quantum computer. And if that's the"}, {"end": "03:08:30", "start": "03:08:27", "text": "case, you you could do quantum"}, {"end": "03:08:32", "start": "03:08:28", "text": "entanglement. And so you can entangle"}, {"end": "03:08:34", "start": "03:08:30", "text": "with people and you can entangle with"}, {"end": "03:08:36", "start": "03:08:32", "text": "like a a different consciousness. So if"}, {"end": "03:08:38", "start": "03:08:34", "text": "you can figure out that code, well then"}, {"end": "03:08:40", "start": "03:08:36", "text": "you can transmit information. So then"}, {"end": "03:08:41", "start": "03:08:38", "text": "suddenly telepathy makes sense and"}, {"end": "03:08:43", "start": "03:08:40", "text": "remote viewing makes sense and all these"}, {"end": "03:08:45", "start": "03:08:41", "text": "mystical things that we've been talking"}, {"end": "03:08:47", "start": "03:08:43", "text": "about for years and psychedelic people"}, {"end": "03:08:48", "start": "03:08:45", "text": "talk about that all fits in there saying"}, {"end": "03:08:50", "start": "03:08:47", "text": "well we're just retuning your antenna,"}, {"end": "03:08:52", "start": "03:08:48", "text": "your microtubules and tuning that"}, {"end": "03:08:55", "start": "03:08:50", "text": "computer to now have the ability to"}, {"end": "03:08:56", "start": "03:08:52", "text": "connect better to other things. So you"}, {"end": "03:08:59", "start": "03:08:55", "text": "see different things and information can"}, {"end": "03:09:01", "start": "03:08:56", "text": "transfer these different things. So"}, {"end": "03:09:04", "start": "03:08:59", "text": "maybe that's true, maybe it's not true."}, {"end": "03:09:06", "start": "03:09:01", "text": "It also explains why it's so hard to uh"}, {"end": "03:09:07", "start": "03:09:04", "text": "to prove it exists because if it's"}, {"end": "03:09:09", "start": "03:09:06", "text": "quantum entanglement, it doesn't travel"}, {"end": "03:09:11", "start": "03:09:07", "text": "through a medium. So there's no"}, {"end": "03:09:13", "start": "03:09:09", "text": "electromagnetic radiation or anything."}, {"end": "03:09:15", "start": "03:09:11", "text": "So these like these James Randy SK"}, {"end": "03:09:16", "start": "03:09:13", "text": "professional skeptics guys when they put"}, {"end": "03:09:18", "start": "03:09:15", "text": "you in a room and they say, \"Well,"}, {"end": "03:09:19", "start": "03:09:16", "text": "there's no signals coming out. So what's"}, {"end": "03:09:21", "start": "03:09:18", "text": "the mechanism of action of the"}, {"end": "03:09:23", "start": "03:09:19", "text": "telepathy?\" Well, if it's quantum"}, {"end": "03:09:24", "start": "03:09:21", "text": "entanglement, you'll never see it"}, {"end": "03:09:27", "start": "03:09:23", "text": "because it's it's over an arbitrary"}, {"end": "03:09:29", "start": "03:09:24", "text": "distance and uh it's basically instant."}, {"end": "03:09:32", "start": "03:09:27", "text": "It's it's basically faster than light."}, {"end": "03:09:34", "start": "03:09:29", "text": "So, there's great books like one is"}, {"end": "03:09:36", "start": "03:09:32", "text": "irreducible from Federico Fagen and then"}, {"end": "03:09:37", "start": "03:09:34", "text": "um and he was the inventor of the"}, {"end": "03:09:39", "start": "03:09:36", "text": "microprocessor that talks about this and"}, {"end": "03:09:41", "start": "03:09:37", "text": "there's there's dozens of others that"}, {"end": "03:09:42", "start": "03:09:39", "text": "kind of float around where they're kind"}, {"end": "03:09:44", "start": "03:09:41", "text": "of exploring the art of the possible and"}, {"end": "03:09:46", "start": "03:09:42", "text": "it was a big scientific taboo. Everybody"}, {"end": "03:09:47", "start": "03:09:44", "text": "was so damn mechanistic and scientism"}, {"end": "03:09:50", "start": "03:09:46", "text": "they're like if I can't see it, it"}, {"end": "03:09:51", "start": "03:09:47", "text": "doesn't exist to me. Um, but now people"}, {"end": "03:09:54", "start": "03:09:50", "text": "are starting to reevaluate things and"}, {"end": "03:09:56", "start": "03:09:51", "text": "say, \"Well, okay, let's imagine if this"}, {"end": "03:09:58", "start": "03:09:54", "text": "was possible, what would then have to be"}, {"end": "03:10:01", "start": "03:09:56", "text": "true?\" And then how do we test it? Like"}, {"end": "03:10:02", "start": "03:09:58", "text": "here's something I'm going to do. I"}, {"end": "03:10:04", "start": "03:10:01", "text": "invested in this company called"}, {"end": "03:10:06", "start": "03:10:02", "text": "Immortal. Um, and they build these"}, {"end": "03:10:08", "start": "03:10:04", "text": "amazing chambers that are multimodal."}, {"end": "03:10:10", "start": "03:10:06", "text": "They like it's like a almost like a"}, {"end": "03:10:12", "start": "03:10:08", "text": "tanning bed. lay in it and it's got"}, {"end": "03:10:14", "start": "03:10:10", "text": "pulseed electromagnetic fields and it's"}, {"end": "03:10:16", "start": "03:10:12", "text": "got red light and it's got viro acoustic"}, {"end": "03:10:19", "start": "03:10:14", "text": "and it's got molecular hydrogen and it's"}, {"end": "03:10:22", "start": "03:10:16", "text": "got you know sonic all this cool stuff"}, {"end": "03:10:24", "start": "03:10:19", "text": "and uh the guys who started it are like"}, {"end": "03:10:26", "start": "03:10:22", "text": "really into some of these out there"}, {"end": "03:10:28", "start": "03:10:24", "text": "ideas including remote viewing and so I"}, {"end": "03:10:29", "start": "03:10:26", "text": "said you know it'd be really cool is to"}, {"end": "03:10:31", "start": "03:10:28", "text": "partner with the Monroe Institute"}, {"end": "03:10:33", "start": "03:10:29", "text": "because they did all the CIA stuff from"}, {"end": "03:10:36", "start": "03:10:31", "text": "like the 70s to the '9s with project"}, {"end": "03:10:37", "start": "03:10:33", "text": "Stargate and this all this other stuff"}, {"end": "03:10:38", "start": "03:10:36", "text": "and there's still some of those old CIA"}, {"end": "03:10:40", "start": "03:10:37", "text": "guys floating around. They're actually"}, {"end": "03:10:43", "start": "03:10:38", "text": "teaching at the Monroe Institute and I"}, {"end": "03:10:44", "start": "03:10:40", "text": "got this big ass ranch, you know, 11,000"}, {"end": "03:10:47", "start": "03:10:43", "text": "acres. So, why don't we do this? Why"}, {"end": "03:10:49", "start": "03:10:44", "text": "don't I just go randomly bury caches of"}, {"end": "03:10:50", "start": "03:10:47", "text": "things and mark them and and put them on"}, {"end": "03:10:52", "start": "03:10:49", "text": "the ranch and run the guys through the"}, {"end": "03:10:54", "start": "03:10:50", "text": "remote viewing training program and see"}, {"end": "03:10:56", "start": "03:10:52", "text": "if they actually can find those caches?"}, {"end": "03:10:58", "start": "03:10:54", "text": "What's the probability of finding like a"}, {"end": "03:11:00", "start": "03:10:56", "text": "needle in a hay stack in this whole"}, {"end": "03:11:02", "start": "03:10:58", "text": "thing? So, if remote viewing works, you"}, {"end": "03:11:04", "start": "03:11:00", "text": "know, there's at least a chance that"}, {"end": "03:11:06", "start": "03:11:02", "text": "they could find this type of thing. So,"}, {"end": "03:11:07", "start": "03:11:04", "text": "uh, the reason I bring up immortal is"}, {"end": "03:11:09", "start": "03:11:06", "text": "that they're actually even thinking, is"}, {"end": "03:11:11", "start": "03:11:07", "text": "there a path to use those modalities in"}, {"end": "03:11:13", "start": "03:11:09", "text": "that chamber because it's flirting with"}, {"end": "03:11:15", "start": "03:11:11", "text": "altered states of consciousness. If you"}, {"end": "03:11:16", "start": "03:11:13", "text": "vibrate a brain in just the right way"}, {"end": "03:11:18", "start": "03:11:15", "text": "and use magnets in just the right way,"}, {"end": "03:11:20", "start": "03:11:16", "text": "you could actually knock a person into a"}, {"end": "03:11:22", "start": "03:11:18", "text": "psychedelic state, you can create"}, {"end": "03:11:23", "start": "03:11:20", "text": "indogenous DMT, you can do all kinds of"}, {"end": "03:11:25", "start": "03:11:22", "text": "crazy things. Interesting. It's so out"}, {"end": "03:11:28", "start": "03:11:23", "text": "there. What's the name of this company?"}, {"end": "03:11:29", "start": "03:11:25", "text": "Immortal. A M M O R T L. And it's and"}, {"end": "03:11:31", "start": "03:11:28", "text": "there it's a lifestyle device right now,"}, {"end": "03:11:33", "start": "03:11:29", "text": "but you know there's a lot of medical"}, {"end": "03:11:34", "start": "03:11:31", "text": "use cases for these things for recovery"}, {"end": "03:11:36", "start": "03:11:33", "text": "and things because you have red light"}, {"end": "03:11:38", "start": "03:11:34", "text": "therapy with uh with viro acoustics and"}, {"end": "03:11:40", "start": "03:11:36", "text": "all these other things. So anyway, it"}, {"end": "03:11:41", "start": "03:11:38", "text": "just it's really cool to see what you"}, {"end": "03:11:44", "start": "03:11:40", "text": "can do with this technology cuz it's"}, {"end": "03:11:46", "start": "03:11:41", "text": "it's currently one lens, but you know,"}, {"end": "03:11:47", "start": "03:11:44", "text": "if we move over here, we might even be"}, {"end": "03:11:49", "start": "03:11:46", "text": "able to use it for remote viewing or use"}, {"end": "03:11:51", "start": "03:11:47", "text": "it for something else. Who knows if it"}, {"end": "03:11:53", "start": "03:11:49", "text": "works. Very interesting. You know, maybe"}, {"end": "03:11:55", "start": "03:11:51", "text": "you could connect me with them. Oh, of"}, {"end": "03:11:57", "start": "03:11:53", "text": "course. Of course. I'd love to have a"}, {"end": "03:11:59", "start": "03:11:55", "text": "conversation. Yeah, they're super cool"}, {"end": "03:12:00", "start": "03:11:57", "text": "dudes and uh and and it since they"}, {"end": "03:12:02", "start": "03:11:59", "text": "launched it, they're selling it to"}, {"end": "03:12:03", "start": "03:12:00", "text": "everybody. Like professional sports"}, {"end": "03:12:05", "start": "03:12:02", "text": "teams are buying everything. I bought"}, {"end": "03:12:07", "start": "03:12:03", "text": "three of them just because I wanted one"}, {"end": "03:12:09", "start": "03:12:05", "text": "in my clinic. I have one at my office"}, {"end": "03:12:11", "start": "03:12:07", "text": "and then I sent one to the president of"}, {"end": "03:12:12", "start": "03:12:09", "text": "one of my companies cuz she really liked"}, {"end": "03:12:15", "start": "03:12:11", "text": "it and I gave it to her for a Christmas"}, {"end": "03:12:17", "start": "03:12:12", "text": "gift. I said, \"Here you go.\""}, {"end": "03:12:21", "start": "03:12:15", "text": "Wow."}, {"end": "03:12:21", "start": "03:12:17", "text": "Let's take another break."}, {"end": "03:12:26", "start": "03:12:21", "text": "Ask 10 people to define the word"}, {"end": "03:12:28", "start": "03:12:23", "text": "capitalism. This subject comes up all"}, {"end": "03:12:30", "start": "03:12:26", "text": "the time, but do you know what it means?"}, {"end": "03:12:33", "start": "03:12:28", "text": "Find out with Understanding Capitalism,"}, {"end": "03:12:35", "start": "03:12:30", "text": "a free online course from Hillsdale"}, {"end": "03:12:37", "start": "03:12:33", "text": "College. They offer more than 40 free"}, {"end": "03:12:40", "start": "03:12:35", "text": "online courses. You can learn about the"}, {"end": "03:12:42", "start": "03:12:37", "text": "United States Constitution or even the"}, {"end": "03:12:44", "start": "03:12:40", "text": "history of the ancient Christian church."}, {"end": "03:12:46", "start": "03:12:42", "text": "Hillsdale recently launched a new"}, {"end": "03:12:48", "start": "03:12:44", "text": "course, Understanding Capitalism, that"}, {"end": "03:12:50", "start": "03:12:46", "text": "I've been watching. In seven lectures,"}, {"end": "03:12:52", "start": "03:12:48", "text": "you'll learn about the role of profit"}, {"end": "03:12:55", "start": "03:12:50", "text": "and loss, how human nature plays a role"}, {"end": "03:12:58", "start": "03:12:52", "text": "in our economic system, why capitalism"}, {"end": "03:13:01", "start": "03:12:55", "text": "depends on private property rights, the"}, {"end": "03:13:03", "start": "03:12:58", "text": "rule of law, and above all, freedom. I"}, {"end": "03:13:05", "start": "03:13:01", "text": "believe all Americans should learn more"}, {"end": "03:13:07", "start": "03:13:03", "text": "about economics. Understanding these"}, {"end": "03:13:10", "start": "03:13:05", "text": "concepts can make you more informed and"}, {"end": "03:13:13", "start": "03:13:07", "text": "even help you grow your own business. Go"}, {"end": "03:13:15", "start": "03:13:10", "text": "right now to hillsdale.edu/srs"}, {"end": "03:13:18", "start": "03:13:13", "text": "to enroll in this course, Understanding"}, {"end": "03:13:19", "start": "03:13:15", "text": "Capitalism. There's no cost and it's"}, {"end": "03:13:22", "start": "03:13:18", "text": "easy to get started. That's"}, {"end": "03:13:26", "start": "03:13:19", "text": "hillsdale.edu/srs"}, {"end": "03:13:26", "start": "03:13:22", "text": "to enroll for free. Hillsdale.edu/srs."}, {"end": "03:13:33", "start": "03:13:29", "text": "Most parents I know want to plan for the"}, {"end": "03:13:35", "start": "03:13:31", "text": "unexpected so they can make sure their"}, {"end": "03:13:38", "start": "03:13:33", "text": "family is protected. I rest easy at"}, {"end": "03:13:40", "start": "03:13:35", "text": "night knowing my family is secure if the"}, {"end": "03:13:43", "start": "03:13:38", "text": "unthinkable happens and I'm not here to"}, {"end": "03:13:46", "start": "03:13:40", "text": "provide for them anymore. Fabric by"}, {"end": "03:13:47", "start": "03:13:43", "text": "Gerber Life is term life insurance. you"}, {"end": "03:13:51", "start": "03:13:46", "text": "can get done today. Made for busy"}, {"end": "03:13:53", "start": "03:13:47", "text": "parents like you. All online and on your"}, {"end": "03:13:56", "start": "03:13:51", "text": "schedule. You could be covered in under"}, {"end": "03:13:59", "start": "03:13:53", "text": "10 minutes with no health exam required."}, {"end": "03:14:01", "start": "03:13:56", "text": "Fabric has flexible, highquality"}, {"end": "03:14:03", "start": "03:13:59", "text": "policies that fit your family in your"}, {"end": "03:14:05", "start": "03:14:01", "text": "budget, like a million dollars in"}, {"end": "03:14:07", "start": "03:14:03", "text": "coverage for less than a dollar a day."}, {"end": "03:14:09", "start": "03:14:05", "text": "Fabric has partnered with Gerber Life,"}, {"end": "03:14:13", "start": "03:14:07", "text": "trusted by millions of families like"}, {"end": "03:14:15", "start": "03:14:09", "text": "yours for over 50 years. Plus, manage it"}, {"end": "03:14:17", "start": "03:14:13", "text": "all right from your phone. Join the"}, {"end": "03:14:19", "start": "03:14:15", "text": "thousands of parents who trust Fabric to"}, {"end": "03:14:23", "start": "03:14:17", "text": "help protect their family. Apply today"}, {"end": "03:14:26", "start": "03:14:19", "text": "in just minutes at meetfabric.com/shan."}, {"end": "03:14:29", "start": "03:14:23", "text": "That's meetfabric.com/shan."}, {"end": "03:14:29", "start": "03:14:26", "text": "mefabric.com/shan."}, {"end": "03:14:34", "start": "03:14:29", "text": "Policies issued by Western Southern Life"}, {"end": "03:14:36", "start": "03:14:32", "text": "Insurance Company. Not available in"}, {"end": "03:14:40", "start": "03:14:34", "text": "certain states. Prices subject to"}, {"end": "03:14:40", "start": "03:14:36", "text": "underwriting and health questions."}, {"end": "03:14:43", "start": "03:14:40", "text": "All right, Charles, we're back from the"}, {"end": "03:14:46", "start": "03:14:41", "text": "break. We're talking about"}, {"end": "03:14:48", "start": "03:14:43", "text": "consciousness, extraterrestrials,"}, {"end": "03:14:50", "start": "03:14:46", "text": "remote viewing, all kinds of stuff. And"}, {"end": "03:14:54", "start": "03:14:48", "text": "so we you had mentioned psychedelics"}, {"end": "03:14:56", "start": "03:14:50", "text": "briefly. Have you have you done any"}, {"end": "03:14:58", "start": "03:14:54", "text": "psychedelic type therapy? So I took"}, {"end": "03:15:00", "start": "03:14:56", "text": "kennamine last year and that was a wild"}, {"end": "03:15:03", "start": "03:14:58", "text": "trip. Um you know I I'd always been"}, {"end": "03:15:05", "start": "03:15:00", "text": "fascinated with psychedelics and um I"}, {"end": "03:15:06", "start": "03:15:03", "text": "have a lot because I went to school SU"}, {"end": "03:15:08", "start": "03:15:05", "text": "Boulder. Come on, it's like a big party"}, {"end": "03:15:10", "start": "03:15:06", "text": "school. Like everybody's done something"}, {"end": "03:15:12", "start": "03:15:08", "text": "somewhere at some point. Uh but you know"}, {"end": "03:15:14", "start": "03:15:10", "text": "I came from a medical family and came"}, {"end": "03:15:15", "start": "03:15:12", "text": "from a traditional medical family. So"}, {"end": "03:15:16", "start": "03:15:14", "text": "there was always kind of a dreary view"}, {"end": "03:15:18", "start": "03:15:15", "text": "on psychedelics. Oh well these"}, {"end": "03:15:20", "start": "03:15:16", "text": "psychedelics do bad things or things"}, {"end": "03:15:22", "start": "03:15:18", "text": "like that or you know they're they're"}, {"end": "03:15:24", "start": "03:15:20", "text": "the best case scenario kind of like a"}, {"end": "03:15:26", "start": "03:15:22", "text": "party thing as opposed to like an"}, {"end": "03:15:28", "start": "03:15:24", "text": "enlightenment thing. Uh so I didn't take"}, {"end": "03:15:31", "start": "03:15:26", "text": "it very seriously in kind of the first"}, {"end": "03:15:33", "start": "03:15:28", "text": "part of my life. But then as I got older"}, {"end": "03:15:35", "start": "03:15:31", "text": "one of the unfortunate consequences that"}, {"end": "03:15:37", "start": "03:15:33", "text": "anybody who's well traveled is you pick"}, {"end": "03:15:39", "start": "03:15:35", "text": "up a lot of friends and acquaintances"}, {"end": "03:15:41", "start": "03:15:37", "text": "who get damaged by circumstances. Maybe"}, {"end": "03:15:42", "start": "03:15:39", "text": "they have a traumatic event or they go"}, {"end": "03:15:44", "start": "03:15:41", "text": "to war and then they come back and"}, {"end": "03:15:47", "start": "03:15:42", "text": "they're all messed up. So as you see"}, {"end": "03:15:48", "start": "03:15:44", "text": "people get damaged, they they try to"}, {"end": "03:15:50", "start": "03:15:47", "text": "heal themselves in the conventional"}, {"end": "03:15:53", "start": "03:15:48", "text": "traditional way and then it doesn't"}, {"end": "03:15:55", "start": "03:15:50", "text": "work. So then they try other things and"}, {"end": "03:15:56", "start": "03:15:53", "text": "um almost always somebody tries a"}, {"end": "03:15:59", "start": "03:15:55", "text": "psychedelic, you know, like they go on"}, {"end": "03:16:02", "start": "03:15:56", "text": "an Iawaska journey or a bogga or they"}, {"end": "03:16:05", "start": "03:15:59", "text": "take uh you know DMT or they take uh you"}, {"end": "03:16:06", "start": "03:16:02", "text": "know psilocybin or measculine and then"}, {"end": "03:16:08", "start": "03:16:05", "text": "they come back and then if they have the"}, {"end": "03:16:10", "start": "03:16:06", "text": "right set and setting it really changes"}, {"end": "03:16:12", "start": "03:16:08", "text": "them. So after I started noticing that,"}, {"end": "03:16:14", "start": "03:16:10", "text": "I read Michael Polland's book, you know,"}, {"end": "03:16:16", "start": "03:16:12", "text": "how to change your mind and he's a great"}, {"end": "03:16:17", "start": "03:16:14", "text": "guy and I said, \"Wow, there's a there"}, {"end": "03:16:19", "start": "03:16:16", "text": "there's something interesting.\" So then"}, {"end": "03:16:20", "start": "03:16:17", "text": "I started going down the rabbit hole and"}, {"end": "03:16:23", "start": "03:16:19", "text": "I love plants and so I said, \"Well,"}, {"end": "03:16:24", "start": "03:16:20", "text": "micology looks like a lot of fun.\" So I"}, {"end": "03:16:26", "start": "03:16:23", "text": "read everything from Paul Stams and you"}, {"end": "03:16:28", "start": "03:16:24", "text": "know, I started going through his stuff"}, {"end": "03:16:31", "start": "03:16:26", "text": "and learn how to cultivate mushrooms and"}, {"end": "03:16:33", "start": "03:16:28", "text": "these types of things. Uh, and knowing"}, {"end": "03:16:35", "start": "03:16:31", "text": "the micology community, you you kind of"}, {"end": "03:16:37", "start": "03:16:33", "text": "get to know the psychedelics community"}, {"end": "03:16:38", "start": "03:16:35", "text": "really well because as they say, \"Oh,"}, {"end": "03:16:40", "start": "03:16:37", "text": "no, we do different things.\" Well, you"}, {"end": "03:16:42", "start": "03:16:38", "text": "know, you all you guys do the"}, {"end": "03:16:43", "start": "03:16:40", "text": "psychedelics, too. Come on now. Uh, so"}, {"end": "03:16:45", "start": "03:16:42", "text": "you get to talk to all those guys. So,"}, {"end": "03:16:47", "start": "03:16:43", "text": "I'd always had that intellectual"}, {"end": "03:16:49", "start": "03:16:45", "text": "curiosity, but I didn't really have a"}, {"end": "03:16:51", "start": "03:16:47", "text": "really effective way to engage with"}, {"end": "03:16:53", "start": "03:16:49", "text": "intellectual curiosity. I I was always"}, {"end": "03:16:55", "start": "03:16:51", "text": "busy and I didn't want to go and, you"}, {"end": "03:16:56", "start": "03:16:53", "text": "know, take Iawaska or something cuz I"}, {"end": "03:16:58", "start": "03:16:55", "text": "said, well, I have this company. I have"}, {"end": "03:17:00", "start": "03:16:56", "text": "all these people that rely upon me. If I"}, {"end": "03:17:02", "start": "03:16:58", "text": "go off on this spiritual journey, what"}, {"end": "03:17:03", "start": "03:17:00", "text": "if I radically change as a human being"}, {"end": "03:17:05", "start": "03:17:02", "text": "and I come back and I say, I've sworn"}, {"end": "03:17:07", "start": "03:17:03", "text": "off all wealth and I'm just going to"}, {"end": "03:17:08", "start": "03:17:05", "text": "sell my property and these types of"}, {"end": "03:17:10", "start": "03:17:07", "text": "things. So, I said, \"No, you know, I"}, {"end": "03:17:12", "start": "03:17:08", "text": "should probably wait.\" But then I'm"}, {"end": "03:17:13", "start": "03:17:10", "text": "friends with Dave Asprey and uh Dave"}, {"end": "03:17:15", "start": "03:17:12", "text": "told me, \"Hey, you got to try out this"}, {"end": "03:17:17", "start": "03:17:13", "text": "40 years of Zen and we've added ketamine"}, {"end": "03:17:18", "start": "03:17:15", "text": "to it and I said,\"All right, that sounds"}, {"end": "03:17:21", "start": "03:17:17", "text": "fun. I'll go try it out.\" So, I went to"}, {"end": "03:17:24", "start": "03:17:18", "text": "Washington for 5 days and I did his"}, {"end": "03:17:26", "start": "03:17:21", "text": "program. And I took um the ketamine with"}, {"end": "03:17:28", "start": "03:17:24", "text": "it for four of the five days. And it was"}, {"end": "03:17:30", "start": "03:17:26", "text": "a wild trip. You know, you're like in"}, {"end": "03:17:32", "start": "03:17:28", "text": "this pod and you you know, you have your"}, {"end": "03:17:33", "start": "03:17:30", "text": "brain is hooked up to an EEG so you can"}, {"end": "03:17:36", "start": "03:17:32", "text": "actually see your brain signals while"}, {"end": "03:17:38", "start": "03:17:33", "text": "you're on a ketamine trip. uh and uh and"}, {"end": "03:17:39", "start": "03:17:36", "text": "then you have your earphones on and they"}, {"end": "03:17:42", "start": "03:17:38", "text": "give you an injection and then you just"}, {"end": "03:17:44", "start": "03:17:39", "text": "kind of sit back and ketamine makes you"}, {"end": "03:17:48", "start": "03:17:42", "text": "disassociate. So it's a disembodiing"}, {"end": "03:17:50", "start": "03:17:44", "text": "drug and so you you you kind of it gets"}, {"end": "03:17:51", "start": "03:17:48", "text": "dark and then suddenly you lift off and"}, {"end": "03:17:53", "start": "03:17:50", "text": "then you're just kind of in a different"}, {"end": "03:17:55", "start": "03:17:51", "text": "place and you no longer feel the"}, {"end": "03:17:57", "start": "03:17:53", "text": "sensation of proprioception. You're not"}, {"end": "03:17:59", "start": "03:17:55", "text": "in your own body. You're basically in a"}, {"end": "03:18:01", "start": "03:17:57", "text": "different body. And the first time I did"}, {"end": "03:18:03", "start": "03:17:59", "text": "it, it was kind of like a journey, you"}, {"end": "03:18:04", "start": "03:18:01", "text": "know, just you're on a roller coaster."}, {"end": "03:18:07", "start": "03:18:03", "text": "you're going to all these different"}, {"end": "03:18:09", "start": "03:18:04", "text": "experiences and places. But then as I"}, {"end": "03:18:11", "start": "03:18:07", "text": "adapted and learned more about the"}, {"end": "03:18:13", "start": "03:18:09", "text": "ketamine trip because we did it multiple"}, {"end": "03:18:15", "start": "03:18:11", "text": "times throughout the week, then I was"}, {"end": "03:18:16", "start": "03:18:13", "text": "able to get a little bit more agency, a"}, {"end": "03:18:18", "start": "03:18:15", "text": "little bit more control over the"}, {"end": "03:18:20", "start": "03:18:16", "text": "journey. So it went from a totally"}, {"end": "03:18:22", "start": "03:18:18", "text": "automated thing to you have some sort of"}, {"end": "03:18:23", "start": "03:18:20", "text": "influence and control. And they said,"}, {"end": "03:18:25", "start": "03:18:22", "text": "well, there's intentionality is a big"}, {"end": "03:18:27", "start": "03:18:23", "text": "deal with this. If you kind of go into"}, {"end": "03:18:29", "start": "03:18:25", "text": "the trip with some intentions, you can"}, {"end": "03:18:31", "start": "03:18:27", "text": "change it a little bit. And so the most"}, {"end": "03:18:33", "start": "03:18:29", "text": "surreal thing happened that Thursday,"}, {"end": "03:18:36", "start": "03:18:31", "text": "which was the uh third day I was taking"}, {"end": "03:18:37", "start": "03:18:33", "text": "it, where I just basically embodied a"}, {"end": "03:18:39", "start": "03:18:36", "text": "wolf. I don't know why it happened, but"}, {"end": "03:18:42", "start": "03:18:37", "text": "I was like an actual wolf and like in a"}, {"end": "03:18:43", "start": "03:18:39", "text": "forest running and chasing a rabbit and"}, {"end": "03:18:45", "start": "03:18:42", "text": "I had the smell of a wolf like I could"}, {"end": "03:18:47", "start": "03:18:43", "text": "actually smell it scent and run through"}, {"end": "03:18:50", "start": "03:18:45", "text": "and it's like all the sensations doing"}, {"end": "03:18:52", "start": "03:18:47", "text": "all the things and it was just so out"}, {"end": "03:18:55", "start": "03:18:50", "text": "there and uh I come back and I say I"}, {"end": "03:18:56", "start": "03:18:52", "text": "don't know what the hell this means."}, {"end": "03:18:58", "start": "03:18:55", "text": "took a little while to discombobulate"}, {"end": "03:18:59", "start": "03:18:56", "text": "and you know you know figure out these"}, {"end": "03:19:01", "start": "03:18:58", "text": "types of things. But what was really"}, {"end": "03:19:07", "start": "03:18:59", "text": "nice about it was that after coming out"}, {"end": "03:19:09", "start": "03:19:01", "text": "the other side, I uh had this tremendous"}, {"end": "03:19:11", "start": "03:19:07", "text": "release of stress and tension. You you"}, {"end": "03:19:14", "start": "03:19:09", "text": "know, I I had built up 10 years of"}, {"end": "03:19:17", "start": "03:19:11", "text": "founderitis, all the betrayals and the"}, {"end": "03:19:20", "start": "03:19:14", "text": "boardroom brawls and like traveling and"}, {"end": "03:19:23", "start": "03:19:17", "text": "anger and like [\u00a0__\u00a0] I had to deal with."}, {"end": "03:19:24", "start": "03:19:20", "text": "It had aged me prematurely. And and the"}, {"end": "03:19:26", "start": "03:19:23", "text": "person who was there is like, \"You look"}, {"end": "03:19:27", "start": "03:19:24", "text": "10 years younger.\" And I looked at"}, {"end": "03:19:29", "start": "03:19:26", "text": "photographs actually before and after"}, {"end": "03:19:31", "start": "03:19:27", "text": "and he was like, \"Damn, I actually do"}, {"end": "03:19:35", "start": "03:19:29", "text": "look a lot light younger and lighter and"}, {"end": "03:19:38", "start": "03:19:31", "text": "and I regained a sense of joy and I"}, {"end": "03:19:40", "start": "03:19:35", "text": "regained a sense of of lightness, for"}, {"end": "03:19:41", "start": "03:19:38", "text": "lack of a better term. I felt young"}, {"end": "03:19:43", "start": "03:19:40", "text": "again, you know.\" Was that your"}, {"end": "03:19:45", "start": "03:19:41", "text": "intention to do that in the beginning?"}, {"end": "03:19:46", "start": "03:19:43", "text": "It was just was it straight adventure?"}, {"end": "03:19:48", "start": "03:19:45", "text": "It was straight adventure. Well, it was"}, {"end": "03:19:50", "start": "03:19:46", "text": "more like I just wanted to see what"}, {"end": "03:19:52", "start": "03:19:48", "text": "would happen with it cuz I I had read"}, {"end": "03:19:53", "start": "03:19:50", "text": "about it and I was trying to understand"}, {"end": "03:19:55", "start": "03:19:52", "text": "like biochemically what happens in the"}, {"end": "03:19:57", "start": "03:19:53", "text": "brain and these types of things and you"}, {"end": "03:19:59", "start": "03:19:55", "text": "know I meditate meditate with EEG"}, {"end": "03:20:02", "start": "03:19:57", "text": "assisted meditation so you know I have"}, {"end": "03:20:04", "start": "03:19:59", "text": "like a muse and other devices like"}, {"end": "03:20:06", "start": "03:20:02", "text": "neurosity and these things and so I'm"}, {"end": "03:20:07", "start": "03:20:04", "text": "able to actually see my brain waves and"}, {"end": "03:20:09", "start": "03:20:06", "text": "control them and these types of things"}, {"end": "03:20:13", "start": "03:20:07", "text": "and elevate alpha or gamma or these"}, {"end": "03:20:15", "start": "03:20:09", "text": "things but I I never really thought that"}, {"end": "03:20:17", "start": "03:20:13", "text": "that outcome would would occur with"}, {"end": "03:20:19", "start": "03:20:15", "text": "that. And I said, there's there's a"}, {"end": "03:20:21", "start": "03:20:17", "text": "there there. This is very powerful. And"}, {"end": "03:20:24", "start": "03:20:19", "text": "ketamine is kind of like the the entry"}, {"end": "03:20:26", "start": "03:20:21", "text": "point. It's a very easy drug to take."}, {"end": "03:20:28", "start": "03:20:24", "text": "It's very safe. It's FDA approved. It's"}, {"end": "03:20:31", "start": "03:20:26", "text": "a schedule three drug, so it's legal."}, {"end": "03:20:32", "start": "03:20:28", "text": "Um, and any doctor can prescribe it and"}, {"end": "03:20:34", "start": "03:20:31", "text": "use it. A lot of nurse practitioners use"}, {"end": "03:20:35", "start": "03:20:32", "text": "it. It's used in battlefield medicine a"}, {"end": "03:20:36", "start": "03:20:34", "text": "lot. If you're like an 18 Delta, you're"}, {"end": "03:20:38", "start": "03:20:35", "text": "going to have it in your kit. When"}, {"end": "03:20:39", "start": "03:20:36", "text": "somebody's legs are blown off, you give"}, {"end": "03:20:40", "start": "03:20:38", "text": "them some ketamine so that they"}, {"end": "03:20:42", "start": "03:20:39", "text": "disassociate and you can get them out"}, {"end": "03:20:45", "start": "03:20:40", "text": "and they uh they don't feel in horrible"}, {"end": "03:20:47", "start": "03:20:42", "text": "pain. uh you know it was originally"}, {"end": "03:20:49", "start": "03:20:45", "text": "designed for kids as an anesthetic. Uh"}, {"end": "03:20:51", "start": "03:20:47", "text": "so it's one of those drugs that's a very"}, {"end": "03:20:53", "start": "03:20:49", "text": "good entry point into the whole"}, {"end": "03:20:56", "start": "03:20:51", "text": "conversation and so I got so fascinated"}, {"end": "03:20:57", "start": "03:20:53", "text": "with it you know I I said you know I"}, {"end": "03:20:59", "start": "03:20:56", "text": "would like to somehow integrate this"}, {"end": "03:21:01", "start": "03:20:57", "text": "into our healthc care clinic and use it"}, {"end": "03:21:02", "start": "03:20:59", "text": "for depression treatment and we now have"}, {"end": "03:21:04", "start": "03:21:01", "text": "a team of people that are kind of"}, {"end": "03:21:06", "start": "03:21:02", "text": "calling people and trying to figure out"}, {"end": "03:21:08", "start": "03:21:04", "text": "like how would we do that modality but"}, {"end": "03:21:10", "start": "03:21:06", "text": "more generally there's what's really"}, {"end": "03:21:12", "start": "03:21:08", "text": "interesting is this whole concept of"}, {"end": "03:21:14", "start": "03:21:10", "text": "disassociation and time expansion."}, {"end": "03:21:15", "start": "03:21:12", "text": "There's another drug that I've never"}, {"end": "03:21:16", "start": "03:21:14", "text": "tried, but I've talked to some people"}, {"end": "03:21:18", "start": "03:21:15", "text": "that have done it, and I've read a lot"}, {"end": "03:21:21", "start": "03:21:16", "text": "of firsthand accounts. It's called"}, {"end": "03:21:23", "start": "03:21:18", "text": "Salvia, and it has one of the strangest"}, {"end": "03:21:25", "start": "03:21:21", "text": "properties where the high salvia salvia."}, {"end": "03:21:29", "start": "03:21:23", "text": "Yeah. It's a it's a plant, and it has"}, {"end": "03:21:30", "start": "03:21:25", "text": "this uh property of time expansion. So"}, {"end": "03:21:32", "start": "03:21:29", "text": "you take it and the high only lasts like"}, {"end": "03:21:33", "start": "03:21:30", "text": "two minutes or three minutes or"}, {"end": "03:21:37", "start": "03:21:32", "text": "something like that. But you'll"}, {"end": "03:21:41", "start": "03:21:33", "text": "experience hours or in some cases days,"}, {"end": "03:21:44", "start": "03:21:37", "text": "some cases weeks, some cases months of"}, {"end": "03:21:46", "start": "03:21:41", "text": "some event. So like one person like"}, {"end": "03:21:48", "start": "03:21:44", "text": "lived another person's life. He was in"}, {"end": "03:21:51", "start": "03:21:46", "text": "Alaska and then he just woke up as"}, {"end": "03:21:52", "start": "03:21:48", "text": "another person in Texas like working at"}, {"end": "03:21:54", "start": "03:21:51", "text": "Walmart, had a family and all this and"}, {"end": "03:21:56", "start": "03:21:52", "text": "for months and months and months this"}, {"end": "03:21:57", "start": "03:21:54", "text": "thing goes on. Then he wakes back up and"}, {"end": "03:21:59", "start": "03:21:56", "text": "his body in Alaska is like where's my"}, {"end": "03:22:01", "start": "03:21:57", "text": "wife and kids? What? What the [\u00a0__\u00a0] This"}, {"end": "03:22:04", "start": "03:21:59", "text": "is crazy. I've heard about this. Yeah,"}, {"end": "03:22:05", "start": "03:22:01", "text": "I've heard about I was talking with uh"}, {"end": "03:22:07", "start": "03:22:04", "text": "some friends of mine a couple months"}, {"end": "03:22:10", "start": "03:22:05", "text": "ago. They I think they said that that"}, {"end": "03:22:14", "start": "03:22:07", "text": "was 5 MO DMT. Yeah. That they that that"}, {"end": "03:22:16", "start": "03:22:10", "text": "the time expansion experience. Time"}, {"end": "03:22:21", "start": "03:22:14", "text": "expansion. And that this guy had had"}, {"end": "03:22:24", "start": "03:22:16", "text": "taken had smoked the 5 MO DMT, right?"}, {"end": "03:22:26", "start": "03:22:21", "text": "had this"}, {"end": "03:22:29", "start": "03:22:24", "text": "had experienced this whole other life"}, {"end": "03:22:32", "start": "03:22:26", "text": "with a different wife, kids, all these"}, {"end": "03:22:35", "start": "03:22:29", "text": "different things and it lasted. Yeah."}, {"end": "03:22:38", "start": "03:22:32", "text": "They said 10, 15 minutes maybe, right?"}, {"end": "03:22:42", "start": "03:22:35", "text": "And he woke up and still to this day he"}, {"end": "03:22:45", "start": "03:22:38", "text": "misses the life the entire lifespan that"}, {"end": "03:22:47", "start": "03:22:42", "text": "he had experienced within you a matter"}, {"end": "03:22:49", "start": "03:22:45", "text": "of minutes, right? Which is nuts. It's"}, {"end": "03:22:50", "start": "03:22:47", "text": "like that Captain Bquard thing with the"}, {"end": "03:22:52", "start": "03:22:49", "text": "inner light in Star Trek the Next"}, {"end": "03:22:53", "start": "03:22:50", "text": "Generation where the probe hits him and"}, {"end": "03:22:56", "start": "03:22:52", "text": "then he lives another person's life and"}, {"end": "03:22:58", "start": "03:22:53", "text": "over like a 17-minute period. It it's"}, {"end": "03:23:00", "start": "03:22:56", "text": "like that's fantasy. It's fiction. But"}, {"end": "03:23:03", "start": "03:22:58", "text": "then you you have five DMT and you know"}, {"end": "03:23:04", "start": "03:23:00", "text": "the frog venom and then you have uh you"}, {"end": "03:23:06", "start": "03:23:03", "text": "have Salvia and there's other drugs that"}, {"end": "03:23:07", "start": "03:23:04", "text": "do this. And somebody even wrote a book"}, {"end": "03:23:09", "start": "03:23:06", "text": "about it called time expansion"}, {"end": "03:23:11", "start": "03:23:07", "text": "experiences. I think it was Steven Tyler"}, {"end": "03:23:13", "start": "03:23:09", "text": "Taylor or something. I forget his name."}, {"end": "03:23:15", "start": "03:23:11", "text": "He was a psychologist cuz he was so fast"}, {"end": "03:23:18", "start": "03:23:13", "text": "and he got in a traffic accident and"}, {"end": "03:23:20", "start": "03:23:15", "text": "like life just slowed down dramatically"}, {"end": "03:23:22", "start": "03:23:18", "text": "and even though it was a very short"}, {"end": "03:23:24", "start": "03:23:20", "text": "period of time, it felt like a really"}, {"end": "03:23:26", "start": "03:23:22", "text": "really long period of time. And it was"}, {"end": "03:23:28", "start": "03:23:24", "text": "curious like why does that happen? Why"}, {"end": "03:23:31", "start": "03:23:26", "text": "does your perception change of time so"}, {"end": "03:23:33", "start": "03:23:28", "text": "radically change? Uh and what substances"}, {"end": "03:23:35", "start": "03:23:31", "text": "and techniques could you use to do such"}, {"end": "03:23:37", "start": "03:23:33", "text": "a thing? Either to speed it up or to"}, {"end": "03:23:38", "start": "03:23:35", "text": "slow it down on demand. And some of"}, {"end": "03:23:40", "start": "03:23:37", "text": "these substances are so powerful that"}, {"end": "03:23:42", "start": "03:23:38", "text": "they disassociate. So you leave your"}, {"end": "03:23:45", "start": "03:23:40", "text": "body and become something else. But then"}, {"end": "03:23:48", "start": "03:23:42", "text": "also they expand time. So a short period"}, {"end": "03:23:50", "start": "03:23:45", "text": "becomes a very long period and you tend"}, {"end": "03:23:53", "start": "03:23:48", "text": "to wonder okay if that does happen"}, {"end": "03:23:55", "start": "03:23:50", "text": "what's sticky about that. So there's the"}, {"end": "03:23:58", "start": "03:23:53", "text": "concept of experiencing but then there's"}, {"end": "03:24:00", "start": "03:23:55", "text": "the concept of memory formation. So you"}, {"end": "03:24:01", "start": "03:23:58", "text": "experience it but do you retain what"}, {"end": "03:24:03", "start": "03:24:00", "text": "happened during that time period and how"}, {"end": "03:24:05", "start": "03:24:01", "text": "much is possible to retain you know what"}, {"end": "03:24:08", "start": "03:24:03", "text": "happened during that time period. Uh so"}, {"end": "03:24:10", "start": "03:24:05", "text": "it's just wild. Uh, and it makes me sad"}, {"end": "03:24:12", "start": "03:24:08", "text": "that these substances are mostly banned"}, {"end": "03:24:14", "start": "03:24:10", "text": "because that means they're lost to us"}, {"end": "03:24:16", "start": "03:24:12", "text": "from a research perspective because when"}, {"end": "03:24:17", "start": "03:24:14", "text": "you hear this account, the first thing"}, {"end": "03:24:20", "start": "03:24:16", "text": "you think about if you're a scientist"}, {"end": "03:24:22", "start": "03:24:17", "text": "is, well, how do I study that? I I want"}, {"end": "03:24:23", "start": "03:24:20", "text": "to know why that happens. I want to know"}, {"end": "03:24:26", "start": "03:24:22", "text": "the mechanism of action. I want to"}, {"end": "03:24:28", "start": "03:24:23", "text": "understand is it a dial we can play"}, {"end": "03:24:29", "start": "03:24:26", "text": "with? Because there's so many use cases."}, {"end": "03:24:31", "start": "03:24:28", "text": "Think about the special operations"}, {"end": "03:24:34", "start": "03:24:29", "text": "community. If you're in a, you know, in"}, {"end": "03:24:36", "start": "03:24:31", "text": "a in a a combat setting and you have the"}, {"end": "03:24:38", "start": "03:24:34", "text": "ability to slow down time and perceive"}, {"end": "03:24:41", "start": "03:24:36", "text": "time at an accelerated pace, that's a"}, {"end": "03:24:43", "start": "03:24:38", "text": "gargantuan tactical advantage over"}, {"end": "03:24:44", "start": "03:24:41", "text": "everybody else cuz you're acting"}, {"end": "03:24:46", "start": "03:24:43", "text": "considered and deliberate. And I would"}, {"end": "03:24:47", "start": "03:24:44", "text": "have never thought of that. Yeah. But"}, {"end": "03:24:49", "start": "03:24:46", "text": "just think about that. You're like"}, {"end": "03:24:51", "start": "03:24:47", "text": "breaching something and you're walking"}, {"end": "03:24:53", "start": "03:24:49", "text": "in and your perception is 10 times"}, {"end": "03:24:55", "start": "03:24:51", "text": "faster or 100 times faster than somebody"}, {"end": "03:24:58", "start": "03:24:53", "text": "else. That's the very same mechanism of"}, {"end": "03:25:01", "start": "03:24:55", "text": "action as that salvia making you live"}, {"end": "03:25:03", "start": "03:24:58", "text": "like a lifetime in two minutes. You see,"}, {"end": "03:25:05", "start": "03:25:01", "text": "so there's real value to these types of"}, {"end": "03:25:07", "start": "03:25:03", "text": "things in in all these different or"}, {"end": "03:25:10", "start": "03:25:05", "text": "first responders like a police officer"}, {"end": "03:25:12", "start": "03:25:07", "text": "trying to make a snap decision. Do I use"}, {"end": "03:25:14", "start": "03:25:10", "text": "lethal force or or not? You know, is"}, {"end": "03:25:16", "start": "03:25:12", "text": "this person a threat or not? You know,"}, {"end": "03:25:18", "start": "03:25:14", "text": "almost all these wrongful death things,"}, {"end": "03:25:20", "start": "03:25:16", "text": "it's never black and white. It's, you"}, {"end": "03:25:22", "start": "03:25:18", "text": "know, the person's charging you. Well,"}, {"end": "03:25:24", "start": "03:25:20", "text": "did I really need to shoot him? Could I"}, {"end": "03:25:26", "start": "03:25:22", "text": "have done something else? You think that"}, {"end": "03:25:28", "start": "03:25:24", "text": "the time actually does slow down? Yeah,"}, {"end": "03:25:30", "start": "03:25:26", "text": "your perception of it and not time slows"}, {"end": "03:25:32", "start": "03:25:28", "text": "down, but your perception of it. Because"}, {"end": "03:25:34", "start": "03:25:30", "text": "think of it like a computer processor."}, {"end": "03:25:36", "start": "03:25:32", "text": "It's got a clock speed and operates much"}, {"end": "03:25:39", "start": "03:25:34", "text": "faster than a human brain does in terms"}, {"end": "03:25:42", "start": "03:25:36", "text": "of the hertz. So, we both experience"}, {"end": "03:25:45", "start": "03:25:39", "text": "time objectively in our reference frame"}, {"end": "03:25:46", "start": "03:25:42", "text": "roughly speaking the same. But the"}, {"end": "03:25:48", "start": "03:25:45", "text": "difference is the amount of things it"}, {"end": "03:25:50", "start": "03:25:46", "text": "can do in that time, the amount of"}, {"end": "03:25:54", "start": "03:25:48", "text": "actions it can take, decisions it can"}, {"end": "03:25:56", "start": "03:25:50", "text": "make is millions of times more. So is"}, {"end": "03:25:58", "start": "03:25:54", "text": "there a way with the human brain"}, {"end": "03:26:00", "start": "03:25:56", "text": "hardware to kind of speed it up so that"}, {"end": "03:26:01", "start": "03:25:58", "text": "you can actually do more in the same"}, {"end": "03:26:03", "start": "03:26:00", "text": "amount of time or perceive more in the"}, {"end": "03:26:06", "start": "03:26:01", "text": "same amount of time? In fact, this is an"}, {"end": "03:26:10", "start": "03:26:03", "text": "indie aging when you look at so if I'm"}, {"end": "03:26:12", "start": "03:26:06", "text": "if we're sitting here and I mean I go to"}, {"end": "03:26:14", "start": "03:26:10", "text": "a combat environment because that's my"}, {"end": "03:26:17", "start": "03:26:12", "text": "background, but if we're sitting here"}, {"end": "03:26:19", "start": "03:26:14", "text": "and I take salvia and you don't and"}, {"end": "03:26:22", "start": "03:26:17", "text": "we're experience this, we're"}, {"end": "03:26:25", "start": "03:26:19", "text": "experiencing the same baseline because"}, {"end": "03:26:27", "start": "03:26:22", "text": "it's also disassociative and so you lose"}, {"end": "03:26:29", "start": "03:26:25", "text": "uh your sense of self and you go"}, {"end": "03:26:31", "start": "03:26:27", "text": "somewhere else. Mhm. You need a"}, {"end": "03:26:33", "start": "03:26:29", "text": "substance that is time expanding but"}, {"end": "03:26:36", "start": "03:26:31", "text": "non-dissociative"}, {"end": "03:26:38", "start": "03:26:33", "text": "to do such a thing."}, {"end": "03:26:42", "start": "03:26:36", "text": "And we're experiencing the same time. So"}, {"end": "03:26:42", "start": "03:26:38", "text": "are you saying that"}, {"end": "03:26:47", "start": "03:26:42", "text": "I don't know how to put this. Are you"}, {"end": "03:26:50", "start": "03:26:44", "text": "saying that my perception of time"}, {"end": "03:26:52", "start": "03:26:47", "text": "being on the substance is compared to"}, {"end": "03:26:55", "start": "03:26:50", "text": "you who's not on the substance? I'm able"}, {"end": "03:26:55", "start": "03:26:52", "text": "to"}, {"end": "03:27:00", "start": "03:26:56", "text": "use that time more efficiently to make"}, {"end": "03:27:02", "start": "03:26:58", "text": "more effective decisions faster, but it"}, {"end": "03:27:05", "start": "03:27:00", "text": "seems slower. My perception of time"}, {"end": "03:27:07", "start": "03:27:02", "text": "actually seems much slower. And a lot of"}, {"end": "03:27:09", "start": "03:27:05", "text": "people in professional sports or who"}, {"end": "03:27:11", "start": "03:27:07", "text": "have been in a crisis event record at"}, {"end": "03:27:12", "start": "03:27:09", "text": "least once in their life that something"}, {"end": "03:27:15", "start": "03:27:11", "text": "has happened where time seemed to slow"}, {"end": "03:27:16", "start": "03:27:12", "text": "down and a lot of things occurred and"}, {"end": "03:27:18", "start": "03:27:15", "text": "they perceived all those things like it"}, {"end": "03:27:20", "start": "03:27:16", "text": "was yesterday even though it was only"}, {"end": "03:27:22", "start": "03:27:18", "text": "actually maybe one or two seconds. So"}, {"end": "03:27:24", "start": "03:27:20", "text": "maybe you get shot and you remember that"}, {"end": "03:27:27", "start": "03:27:22", "text": "really distinctly or maybe you get in a"}, {"end": "03:27:29", "start": "03:27:24", "text": "car accident or you're in a football"}, {"end": "03:27:31", "start": "03:27:27", "text": "player at the Super Bowl and and you see"}, {"end": "03:27:32", "start": "03:27:29", "text": "the ball coming at you and you catch it"}, {"end": "03:27:35", "start": "03:27:31", "text": "in the end zone and it's like it's an"}, {"end": "03:27:36", "start": "03:27:32", "text": "eternity but it only was like a one and"}, {"end": "03:27:38", "start": "03:27:35", "text": "a half seconds or something like that."}, {"end": "03:27:40", "start": "03:27:36", "text": "But it was a big deal because your your"}, {"end": "03:27:43", "start": "03:27:38", "text": "perception is so hyperfocused and you're"}, {"end": "03:27:44", "start": "03:27:40", "text": "in such a flow state that your brain is"}, {"end": "03:27:46", "start": "03:27:43", "text": "operating on a different clock length"}, {"end": "03:27:48", "start": "03:27:44", "text": "for these types of things. So those"}, {"end": "03:27:50", "start": "03:27:46", "text": "expansion experiences are are"}, {"end": "03:27:51", "start": "03:27:48", "text": "tremendously valuable. The problem is"}, {"end": "03:27:53", "start": "03:27:50", "text": "that they're unpredictable. Like how do"}, {"end": "03:27:56", "start": "03:27:51", "text": "you knock yourself into that state? You"}, {"end": "03:27:58", "start": "03:27:53", "text": "know, can you do it just through focused"}, {"end": "03:28:00", "start": "03:27:56", "text": "attention or does it require some"}, {"end": "03:28:02", "start": "03:27:58", "text": "pharmacological intervention or maybe"}, {"end": "03:28:03", "start": "03:28:00", "text": "electrical, you know, like you shock the"}, {"end": "03:28:05", "start": "03:28:02", "text": "brain with transcranial direct"}, {"end": "03:28:06", "start": "03:28:03", "text": "electrical stimulation or magnetic"}, {"end": "03:28:08", "start": "03:28:05", "text": "stimulation and it can knock the brain"}, {"end": "03:28:10", "start": "03:28:06", "text": "into that state. It's a really"}, {"end": "03:28:12", "start": "03:28:08", "text": "interesting thing. And so psychedelics,"}, {"end": "03:28:13", "start": "03:28:10", "text": "they seem to present that it's possible"}, {"end": "03:28:16", "start": "03:28:12", "text": "because when you take these substances,"}, {"end": "03:28:18", "start": "03:28:13", "text": "people can live another lifetime or"}, {"end": "03:28:20", "start": "03:28:16", "text": "perceive time and then objectively"}, {"end": "03:28:21", "start": "03:28:18", "text": "speaking only a small window of things."}, {"end": "03:28:23", "start": "03:28:20", "text": "But they're like, \"Dude, I experienced"}, {"end": "03:28:26", "start": "03:28:21", "text": "it. I was there every day. I was getting"}, {"end": "03:28:28", "start": "03:28:23", "text": "up and driving to work at Walmart. You"}, {"end": "03:28:30", "start": "03:28:26", "text": "know, I was going to my kids graduation."}, {"end": "03:28:32", "start": "03:28:28", "text": "I was doing things.\" Okay, it's it was a"}, {"end": "03:28:34", "start": "03:28:30", "text": "lot of time. You know, I felt that time,"}, {"end": "03:28:35", "start": "03:28:32", "text": "but they're like, \"Dude, you you're gone"}, {"end": "03:28:37", "start": "03:28:34", "text": "for 2 minutes.\" It's like, there's no"}, {"end": "03:28:38", "start": "03:28:35", "text": "way that could have happened. So,"}, {"end": "03:28:41", "start": "03:28:37", "text": "there's something there."}, {"end": "03:28:44", "start": "03:28:38", "text": "What do you think that the mind is t is"}, {"end": "03:28:45", "start": "03:28:41", "text": "tapping into? I just think because again"}, {"end": "03:28:48", "start": "03:28:44", "text": "it's a clock speed like if you're"}, {"end": "03:28:51", "start": "03:28:45", "text": "running a simulation of a civilization"}, {"end": "03:28:52", "start": "03:28:48", "text": "for example on a computer you can run"}, {"end": "03:28:55", "start": "03:28:51", "text": "thousands of years or millions of years"}, {"end": "03:28:57", "start": "03:28:52", "text": "of a simulation and that doesn't take"}, {"end": "03:28:59", "start": "03:28:55", "text": "millions of years to run the simulation."}, {"end": "03:29:01", "start": "03:28:57", "text": "You can run that simulation in like an"}, {"end": "03:29:04", "start": "03:28:59", "text": "hour or something like that. So if you"}, {"end": "03:29:07", "start": "03:29:01", "text": "can speed up the clock inside the brain"}, {"end": "03:29:09", "start": "03:29:04", "text": "then the perception of that time is"}, {"end": "03:29:11", "start": "03:29:07", "text": "different even though the the absolute"}, {"end": "03:29:13", "start": "03:29:09", "text": "elapse time is the same. Does that make"}, {"end": "03:29:15", "start": "03:29:11", "text": "sense? Mhm. Yeah. And so I think that's"}, {"end": "03:29:16", "start": "03:29:13", "text": "probably part of it is that there's some"}, {"end": "03:29:18", "start": "03:29:15", "text": "mechanism where you can speed up the"}, {"end": "03:29:20", "start": "03:29:16", "text": "circuitry and from an evolutionary"}, {"end": "03:29:21", "start": "03:29:18", "text": "viewpoint it makes a lot of sense"}, {"end": "03:29:24", "start": "03:29:20", "text": "because all the time you're context"}, {"end": "03:29:25", "start": "03:29:21", "text": "shifting in the fight or flight. So,"}, {"end": "03:29:27", "start": "03:29:24", "text": "while you're hunting the the woolly"}, {"end": "03:29:30", "start": "03:29:25", "text": "mammoth or, you know, hunting the the"}, {"end": "03:29:32", "start": "03:29:27", "text": "the predator, you need to be super in"}, {"end": "03:29:34", "start": "03:29:30", "text": "the zone and super focused and you need"}, {"end": "03:29:37", "start": "03:29:32", "text": "an evolutionary advantage to be able to"}, {"end": "03:29:38", "start": "03:29:34", "text": "perceive that thing faster cuz even a"}, {"end": "03:29:40", "start": "03:29:37", "text": "split-second difference can mean the"}, {"end": "03:29:42", "start": "03:29:38", "text": "difference between you killing it and it"}, {"end": "03:29:43", "start": "03:29:40", "text": "killing you. So, you need some circuitry"}, {"end": "03:29:45", "start": "03:29:42", "text": "that gives you the ability to zero in."}, {"end": "03:29:47", "start": "03:29:43", "text": "But that's probably super energy"}, {"end": "03:29:50", "start": "03:29:45", "text": "intensive and super stressful on the"}, {"end": "03:29:51", "start": "03:29:47", "text": "body. So, if you ran in that state 24/7,"}, {"end": "03:29:53", "start": "03:29:50", "text": "it'd kill you. It's just like an"}, {"end": "03:29:55", "start": "03:29:51", "text": "adrenaline rush. you get adrenal failure"}, {"end": "03:29:57", "start": "03:29:53", "text": "and it burns you out, you know. So, you"}, {"end": "03:29:58", "start": "03:29:55", "text": "have to have a context shifting thing"}, {"end": "03:30:00", "start": "03:29:57", "text": "and it's probably an evolutionary"}, {"end": "03:30:01", "start": "03:29:58", "text": "trigger that puts you in which is why"}, {"end": "03:30:04", "start": "03:30:00", "text": "they tend to be TEES tend to be"}, {"end": "03:30:06", "start": "03:30:01", "text": "associated with stress events, major"}, {"end": "03:30:09", "start": "03:30:04", "text": "stress events, um both positive and"}, {"end": "03:30:10", "start": "03:30:06", "text": "negative. Uh but just because it's an"}, {"end": "03:30:12", "start": "03:30:09", "text": "evolutionary thing doesn't mean it's not"}, {"end": "03:30:14", "start": "03:30:10", "text": "controllable. So, there's probably a"}, {"end": "03:30:17", "start": "03:30:12", "text": "mechanism of action to control something"}, {"end": "03:30:18", "start": "03:30:14", "text": "like that. And so it's a really it's a"}, {"end": "03:30:20", "start": "03:30:17", "text": "really fascinating thing to me and I"}, {"end": "03:30:22", "start": "03:30:18", "text": "wish I had more time to you know kind of"}, {"end": "03:30:24", "start": "03:30:20", "text": "dig into it and understand it better"}, {"end": "03:30:26", "start": "03:30:22", "text": "because I'm just kind of at the surface"}, {"end": "03:30:28", "start": "03:30:24", "text": "level but looking into psychedelics it"}, {"end": "03:30:30", "start": "03:30:26", "text": "kind of inadvertently made me start"}, {"end": "03:30:32", "start": "03:30:28", "text": "thinking about those types of things and"}, {"end": "03:30:34", "start": "03:30:30", "text": "I said yeah you know that that does"}, {"end": "03:30:36", "start": "03:30:32", "text": "exist that that does happen you know and"}, {"end": "03:30:38", "start": "03:30:34", "text": "I've met tons of people and I've"}, {"end": "03:30:41", "start": "03:30:36", "text": "experienced a few myself where time just"}, {"end": "03:30:44", "start": "03:30:38", "text": "seemed to slow down uh my brother cut"}, {"end": "03:30:47", "start": "03:30:41", "text": "his finger uh when we were both kids and"}, {"end": "03:30:49", "start": "03:30:44", "text": "I remember it was in the bathroom and uh"}, {"end": "03:30:51", "start": "03:30:47", "text": "you know I could see the blood droplets"}, {"end": "03:30:54", "start": "03:30:49", "text": "come out of his finger and like slowly"}, {"end": "03:30:57", "start": "03:30:51", "text": "travel and then drop to the ground and"}, {"end": "03:30:59", "start": "03:30:54", "text": "it it was probably you know 1 and 1/2"}, {"end": "03:31:01", "start": "03:30:57", "text": "seconds or 2 seconds but it felt like a"}, {"end": "03:31:03", "start": "03:30:59", "text": "whole minute and I remember that you"}, {"end": "03:31:06", "start": "03:31:01", "text": "know I was like probably 9 years old 10"}, {"end": "03:31:10", "start": "03:31:03", "text": "years old when uh when that occurred uh"}, {"end": "03:31:12", "start": "03:31:06", "text": "so uh so there's some there's a there"}, {"end": "03:31:14", "start": "03:31:10", "text": "there and it fascinates me whenever I"}, {"end": "03:31:16", "start": "03:31:12", "text": "stumble on these things. What about the"}, {"end": "03:31:18", "start": "03:31:14", "text": "disassociation from self? Well, that's"}, {"end": "03:31:19", "start": "03:31:16", "text": "interesting, too. And I think it's"}, {"end": "03:31:21", "start": "03:31:18", "text": "valuable for a different reason. So,"}, {"end": "03:31:24", "start": "03:31:19", "text": "disassociation"}, {"end": "03:31:26", "start": "03:31:21", "text": "is a delusion of ego. You know, we think"}, {"end": "03:31:29", "start": "03:31:24", "text": "I am Charles Hoskins and you are Shawn"}, {"end": "03:31:31", "start": "03:31:26", "text": "Ry, we are that. Okay. Well, if you get"}, {"end": "03:31:33", "start": "03:31:29", "text": "too caught up in who you are, then it"}, {"end": "03:31:35", "start": "03:31:31", "text": "becomes exceedingly difficult to have"}, {"end": "03:31:38", "start": "03:31:33", "text": "empathy for other people because you're"}, {"end": "03:31:40", "start": "03:31:35", "text": "you're just you and like I am supreme."}, {"end": "03:31:42", "start": "03:31:38", "text": "You I'm here. So like, yes, everybody"}, {"end": "03:31:43", "start": "03:31:40", "text": "else is there and they exist, but you"}, {"end": "03:31:44", "start": "03:31:42", "text": "know, I got to take care of myself"}, {"end": "03:31:46", "start": "03:31:43", "text": "first. You going to put my mask on"}, {"end": "03:31:49", "start": "03:31:44", "text": "before I put their mask on. Well, when"}, {"end": "03:31:52", "start": "03:31:46", "text": "you disassociate, you for the first time"}, {"end": "03:31:54", "start": "03:31:49", "text": "ever give up on the idea of just"}, {"end": "03:31:56", "start": "03:31:52", "text": "exclusively you and you start thinking"}, {"end": "03:31:58", "start": "03:31:54", "text": "of the we or the us, cuz you could"}, {"end": "03:32:01", "start": "03:31:56", "text": "technically be anybody. Like imagine if"}, {"end": "03:32:04", "start": "03:31:58", "text": "you know hypothetical that uh there was"}, {"end": "03:32:06", "start": "03:32:01", "text": "a random chance maybe 1% that every time"}, {"end": "03:32:08", "start": "03:32:04", "text": "you woke up instead of waking up in this"}, {"end": "03:32:10", "start": "03:32:06", "text": "body you'd wake up in a different body"}, {"end": "03:32:12", "start": "03:32:08", "text": "in a different life. Like imagine how"}, {"end": "03:32:14", "start": "03:32:10", "text": "different the world would be just just"}, {"end": "03:32:16", "start": "03:32:12", "text": "for something like that. So you're like"}, {"end": "03:32:17", "start": "03:32:14", "text": "you're a billionaire life is great and"}, {"end": "03:32:18", "start": "03:32:16", "text": "then you wake up and you're in a jail"}, {"end": "03:32:20", "start": "03:32:17", "text": "cell and you're someone else's life."}, {"end": "03:32:23", "start": "03:32:18", "text": "You're like what the [\u00a0__\u00a0] just happened?"}, {"end": "03:32:24", "start": "03:32:20", "text": "And that just would occur and uh and"}, {"end": "03:32:26", "start": "03:32:23", "text": "maybe you're in the jail cell and now"}, {"end": "03:32:29", "start": "03:32:24", "text": "you wake up in the billionaire's body,"}, {"end": "03:32:31", "start": "03:32:26", "text": "right? you swap places. So, we would"}, {"end": "03:32:33", "start": "03:32:29", "text": "probably have radically different social"}, {"end": "03:32:35", "start": "03:32:31", "text": "systems and religions and radically"}, {"end": "03:32:37", "start": "03:32:33", "text": "different notions of self in this"}, {"end": "03:32:38", "start": "03:32:35", "text": "particular case because we're starting"}, {"end": "03:32:41", "start": "03:32:37", "text": "to think, well, hang on a second here."}, {"end": "03:32:44", "start": "03:32:38", "text": "Self is now divorced from our body and"}, {"end": "03:32:45", "start": "03:32:41", "text": "it can go to other places. So, we would"}, {"end": "03:32:48", "start": "03:32:44", "text": "probably have a much stronger conception"}, {"end": "03:32:51", "start": "03:32:45", "text": "of the soul than we currently do as"}, {"end": "03:32:54", "start": "03:32:48", "text": "people. So disassociation is is kind of"}, {"end": "03:32:55", "start": "03:32:51", "text": "like a a psychedelic shortcut in a in a"}, {"end": "03:32:57", "start": "03:32:54", "text": "certain way because if you disassociate"}, {"end": "03:33:00", "start": "03:32:55", "text": "and you become something else, then you"}, {"end": "03:33:02", "start": "03:32:57", "text": "start entertaining a world where you are"}, {"end": "03:33:03", "start": "03:33:00", "text": "somewhere else but your body is there"}, {"end": "03:33:05", "start": "03:33:02", "text": "and then is that really your body"}, {"end": "03:33:06", "start": "03:33:03", "text": "anymore or was that just a meat suit"}, {"end": "03:33:08", "start": "03:33:05", "text": "that you were wearing and you can go and"}, {"end": "03:33:10", "start": "03:33:06", "text": "wear another meat suit or maybe you"}, {"end": "03:33:12", "start": "03:33:08", "text": "don't even need the meat suit or you"}, {"end": "03:33:14", "start": "03:33:10", "text": "know something like this. So it's a it's"}, {"end": "03:33:16", "start": "03:33:12", "text": "a very powerful concept and actually in"}, {"end": "03:33:18", "start": "03:33:14", "text": "darkness retreats um this is one of the"}, {"end": "03:33:21", "start": "03:33:16", "text": "things that happens when people go for a"}, {"end": "03:33:23", "start": "03:33:18", "text": "long period of time they lose sense of"}, {"end": "03:33:25", "start": "03:33:21", "text": "self because they no longer see"}, {"end": "03:33:27", "start": "03:33:23", "text": "themselves. They start making DMT in"}, {"end": "03:33:31", "start": "03:33:25", "text": "their brain. They start disassociating"}, {"end": "03:33:34", "start": "03:33:27", "text": "and um they they basically shed the skin"}, {"end": "03:33:35", "start": "03:33:31", "text": "and they start living kind of a more"}, {"end": "03:33:37", "start": "03:33:34", "text": "ephemeral world because the darkness"}, {"end": "03:33:40", "start": "03:33:35", "text": "there's no sensory perception. your"}, {"end": "03:33:41", "start": "03:33:37", "text": "brain can no longer orient itself and"}, {"end": "03:33:43", "start": "03:33:40", "text": "you just go to a different place with"}, {"end": "03:33:45", "start": "03:33:41", "text": "that. And uh all these people that do"}, {"end": "03:33:47", "start": "03:33:43", "text": "darkness retreats, they talk about it."}, {"end": "03:33:48", "start": "03:33:45", "text": "In fact, the Tibetans, they have this"}, {"end": "03:33:50", "start": "03:33:47", "text": "thing called the Bardau Thodall, the"}, {"end": "03:33:53", "start": "03:33:48", "text": "Tibetan book of the dead. And it was"}, {"end": "03:33:56", "start": "03:33:50", "text": "written by this like super Buddha dude,"}, {"end": "03:33:58", "start": "03:33:53", "text": "and who meditated so hard he kind of"}, {"end": "03:33:59", "start": "03:33:56", "text": "looked into the afterlife according to"}, {"end": "03:34:01", "start": "03:33:58", "text": "him. And he wrote down what happens"}, {"end": "03:34:03", "start": "03:33:59", "text": "after you die. And he said there's like"}, {"end": "03:34:05", "start": "03:34:01", "text": "these three stages you go through after"}, {"end": "03:34:07", "start": "03:34:03", "text": "your body shed and your soul is trying"}, {"end": "03:34:10", "start": "03:34:05", "text": "to decide whether to go and and be"}, {"end": "03:34:13", "start": "03:34:07", "text": "enlightened or be reincarnated. Uh and"}, {"end": "03:34:14", "start": "03:34:10", "text": "uh they do in Tibet darkness retreats"}, {"end": "03:34:16", "start": "03:34:13", "text": "for more than 40 days. They actually go"}, {"end": "03:34:18", "start": "03:34:14", "text": "into a dark cave and they live in a dark"}, {"end": "03:34:20", "start": "03:34:16", "text": "cave, no light, no thing to live their"}, {"end": "03:34:22", "start": "03:34:18", "text": "own death. And so they go through every"}, {"end": "03:34:24", "start": "03:34:20", "text": "stage of that process. It's brutal and"}, {"end": "03:34:25", "start": "03:34:22", "text": "horrible. But then when they come out"}, {"end": "03:34:27", "start": "03:34:24", "text": "the other side, they get enlightened and"}, {"end": "03:34:29", "start": "03:34:25", "text": "they get out of the cave. and they all"}, {"end": "03:34:31", "start": "03:34:27", "text": "report that there's like some concept of"}, {"end": "03:34:34", "start": "03:34:29", "text": "a disassociation and a delilution of"}, {"end": "03:34:37", "start": "03:34:31", "text": "oneself uh from it. So it's a it's a"}, {"end": "03:34:40", "start": "03:34:34", "text": "powerful concept and um it's high shelf,"}, {"end": "03:34:42", "start": "03:34:37", "text": "you know, it's uh it's it's scary"}, {"end": "03:34:44", "start": "03:34:40", "text": "because you know there's no comfort in"}, {"end": "03:34:45", "start": "03:34:42", "text": "losing what you are. It's all the things"}, {"end": "03:34:47", "start": "03:34:44", "text": "you've done, everything you've"}, {"end": "03:34:49", "start": "03:34:45", "text": "accomplished. You know, we're proud of"}, {"end": "03:34:50", "start": "03:34:47", "text": "the things we do. this room is filled"}, {"end": "03:34:52", "start": "03:34:49", "text": "with the things you've done and the"}, {"end": "03:34:54", "start": "03:34:50", "text": "people that you've met and this idea"}, {"end": "03:34:56", "start": "03:34:52", "text": "that it could all just disappear and it"}, {"end": "03:34:58", "start": "03:34:54", "text": "could all be gone. You know, but on the"}, {"end": "03:35:01", "start": "03:34:56", "text": "other hand, if you don't mind these"}, {"end": "03:35:04", "start": "03:34:58", "text": "things, then none of this around you"}, {"end": "03:35:06", "start": "03:35:01", "text": "controls you, you know, if my advantage"}, {"end": "03:35:08", "start": "03:35:04", "text": "of being a cryptocurrency billionaire is"}, {"end": "03:35:11", "start": "03:35:06", "text": "I was broken a billionaire three times"}, {"end": "03:35:12", "start": "03:35:08", "text": "in a 10-year period. So, it goes way up,"}, {"end": "03:35:14", "start": "03:35:11", "text": "it goes way down, goes way up, it goes"}, {"end": "03:35:16", "start": "03:35:12", "text": "way down. So, people ask me like, \"What"}, {"end": "03:35:18", "start": "03:35:14", "text": "would you do if you like lost all your"}, {"end": "03:35:20", "start": "03:35:16", "text": "money?\" And I said,\"I just go back to"}, {"end": "03:35:22", "start": "03:35:18", "text": "living in the apartment with the little"}, {"end": "03:35:23", "start": "03:35:20", "text": "stuffed giraffes behind me when I was"}, {"end": "03:35:25", "start": "03:35:22", "text": "doing the AMAs when I first got"}, {"end": "03:35:27", "start": "03:35:23", "text": "started.\" And they But how will you be"}, {"end": "03:35:29", "start": "03:35:25", "text": "happy? And I said, 'Well, I was pretty"}, {"end": "03:35:31", "start": "03:35:27", "text": "happy back then. Life was pretty good"}, {"end": "03:35:33", "start": "03:35:29", "text": "back then. I mean, I don't get to do as"}, {"end": "03:35:35", "start": "03:35:31", "text": "many cool things, but I did the cool"}, {"end": "03:35:37", "start": "03:35:33", "text": "things and I'd find something else to"}, {"end": "03:35:40", "start": "03:35:35", "text": "fill the time. So, I didn't really need"}, {"end": "03:35:42", "start": "03:35:37", "text": "that conception of a mega wealth to go"}, {"end": "03:35:44", "start": "03:35:40", "text": "perpetuate happiness or a specific"}, {"end": "03:35:46", "start": "03:35:42", "text": "lifestyle to perpetuate happiness"}, {"end": "03:35:47", "start": "03:35:44", "text": "because I know I just have this sense"}, {"end": "03:35:50", "start": "03:35:46", "text": "that no matter what happens, it'll be"}, {"end": "03:35:52", "start": "03:35:47", "text": "okay. And I think that dissolution is is"}, {"end": "03:35:55", "start": "03:35:50", "text": "is one of those major steps to helping"}, {"end": "03:35:56", "start": "03:35:52", "text": "people get there and accepting that"}, {"end": "03:35:58", "start": "03:35:55", "text": "everything is impermanient and there's"}, {"end": "03:36:00", "start": "03:35:56", "text": "losses. The another things the Buddhists"}, {"end": "03:36:02", "start": "03:35:58", "text": "do, I love it when they do these things"}, {"end": "03:36:04", "start": "03:36:00", "text": "because they worship imperience. Are do"}, {"end": "03:36:06", "start": "03:36:02", "text": "you know what a sand mandola is? Mm-m."}, {"end": "03:36:08", "start": "03:36:04", "text": "It I'm going to This bothers the hell"}, {"end": "03:36:11", "start": "03:36:06", "text": "out of me. Like the mere existence of"}, {"end": "03:36:14", "start": "03:36:08", "text": "this bothers me, and I shouldn't, but it"}, {"end": "03:36:16", "start": "03:36:11", "text": "does. So, these monks will meticulously"}, {"end": "03:36:18", "start": "03:36:14", "text": "sit down for weeks and weeks and weeks"}, {"end": "03:36:21", "start": "03:36:16", "text": "and grain of sand by grain of sand,"}, {"end": "03:36:24", "start": "03:36:18", "text": "colored grains of sand, sit down and put"}, {"end": "03:36:26", "start": "03:36:21", "text": "together this beautiful sand tapestry."}, {"end": "03:36:28", "start": "03:36:24", "text": "It's called a sand mandelola on a table."}, {"end": "03:36:29", "start": "03:36:26", "text": "And usually they build it as a group."}, {"end": "03:36:31", "start": "03:36:28", "text": "And it's just absolutely stunning. It's"}, {"end": "03:36:33", "start": "03:36:29", "text": "like super artistic and nice because"}, {"end": "03:36:35", "start": "03:36:31", "text": "every single grain of sand has been set"}, {"end": "03:36:37", "start": "03:36:33", "text": "by hand by these guys. It's so"}, {"end": "03:36:40", "start": "03:36:35", "text": "meticulous and as soon as they finish"}, {"end": "03:36:42", "start": "03:36:37", "text": "it, they destroy it."}, {"end": "03:36:43", "start": "03:36:40", "text": "It's It's just like you see it just"}, {"end": "03:36:45", "start": "03:36:42", "text": "like, \"Oh, wow. That's so beautiful.\""}, {"end": "03:36:48", "start": "03:36:43", "text": "And then they just go, \"Sweet,"}, {"end": "03:36:48", "start": "03:36:45", "text": "sweetheart."}, {"end": "03:36:53", "start": "03:36:49", "text": "Stop it. It's a work of art. God damn"}, {"end": "03:36:55", "start": "03:36:51", "text": "it.\" And and the whole purpose of a sand"}, {"end": "03:36:57", "start": "03:36:53", "text": "mandela is to kind of like uh showcase"}, {"end": "03:36:59", "start": "03:36:55", "text": "the impermanence of all things. You"}, {"end": "03:37:02", "start": "03:36:57", "text": "know, everything must die. everything"}, {"end": "03:37:03", "start": "03:36:59", "text": "must come to an end and uh the joy is in"}, {"end": "03:37:05", "start": "03:37:02", "text": "the act of doing not in the act of"}, {"end": "03:37:08", "start": "03:37:03", "text": "preserving the act of doing and it's the"}, {"end": "03:37:10", "start": "03:37:05", "text": "experience of these types of things. So"}, {"end": "03:37:12", "start": "03:37:08", "text": "I I think there's there's some wisdom"}, {"end": "03:37:14", "start": "03:37:10", "text": "there and uh we in the western world"}, {"end": "03:37:15", "start": "03:37:12", "text": "we're not terribly comfortable with that"}, {"end": "03:37:18", "start": "03:37:14", "text": "because everything we do is trying to"}, {"end": "03:37:20", "start": "03:37:15", "text": "like preserve and make immortality. You"}, {"end": "03:37:21", "start": "03:37:18", "text": "know Ernest Becker wrote a lovely book"}, {"end": "03:37:23", "start": "03:37:20", "text": "called the denial of death and he says"}, {"end": "03:37:25", "start": "03:37:21", "text": "like the driving force of the modern"}, {"end": "03:37:28", "start": "03:37:23", "text": "world is this concept of immortality"}, {"end": "03:37:30", "start": "03:37:25", "text": "cults. we do everything in power to deny"}, {"end": "03:37:32", "start": "03:37:28", "text": "death. And if we can't physically do it,"}, {"end": "03:37:35", "start": "03:37:30", "text": "then we'll do it through a religion or"}, {"end": "03:37:36", "start": "03:37:32", "text": "we'll do it through monuments. And like,"}, {"end": "03:37:38", "start": "03:37:35", "text": "yeah, there's some truth to that. Like"}, {"end": "03:37:40", "start": "03:37:36", "text": "going to Egypt and seeing like the great"}, {"end": "03:37:42", "start": "03:37:38", "text": "pyramids and you see Kufu's pyramid,"}, {"end": "03:37:45", "start": "03:37:40", "text": "you're like, \"Wow, okay. 4,400 years"}, {"end": "03:37:47", "start": "03:37:42", "text": "ago, this guy built this gigantic thing"}, {"end": "03:37:49", "start": "03:37:45", "text": "just to try to deny death, you know, his"}, {"end": "03:37:51", "start": "03:37:47", "text": "his own death.\" That's pretty wild when"}, {"end": "03:37:53", "start": "03:37:49", "text": "you think about it. What do you think"}, {"end": "03:37:54", "start": "03:37:51", "text": "happens when we die? That's a good"}, {"end": "03:37:56", "start": "03:37:53", "text": "question. And I think the more"}, {"end": "03:37:58", "start": "03:37:54", "text": "meaningful question is, does it really"}, {"end": "03:38:01", "start": "03:37:56", "text": "matter? You know, it's one of those"}, {"end": "03:38:05", "start": "03:37:58", "text": "things you can't stop and uh and you're"}, {"end": "03:38:07", "start": "03:38:01", "text": "you're on that ride and you can't know"}, {"end": "03:38:10", "start": "03:38:05", "text": "until you get there. So, why should we"}, {"end": "03:38:11", "start": "03:38:07", "text": "let the next chapter influence the"}, {"end": "03:38:13", "start": "03:38:10", "text": "enjoyment of this chapter? It's kind of"}, {"end": "03:38:15", "start": "03:38:11", "text": "like you're reading a book and you're"}, {"end": "03:38:17", "start": "03:38:13", "text": "like, you know, I can't really enjoy"}, {"end": "03:38:20", "start": "03:38:15", "text": "chapter 1 because uh of something in"}, {"end": "03:38:22", "start": "03:38:17", "text": "chapter 2. Like, but you're not at"}, {"end": "03:38:24", "start": "03:38:20", "text": "chapter 2. Like, you're in chapter 1."}, {"end": "03:38:26", "start": "03:38:22", "text": "read that chapter and enjoy that chapter"}, {"end": "03:38:28", "start": "03:38:24", "text": "that that's there. Chapter two is it's"}, {"end": "03:38:30", "start": "03:38:26", "text": "somebody else's problem. It's it's uh"}, {"end": "03:38:32", "start": "03:38:28", "text": "it's it's you'll cross that bridge when"}, {"end": "03:38:35", "start": "03:38:30", "text": "you get to it. Cuz if you get obsessed"}, {"end": "03:38:37", "start": "03:38:32", "text": "with the end, then you end up spending"}, {"end": "03:38:39", "start": "03:38:35", "text": "wasting all the moments that you have"}, {"end": "03:38:41", "start": "03:38:37", "text": "here. You waste all the relationships,"}, {"end": "03:38:44", "start": "03:38:39", "text": "you waste all the interactions"}, {"end": "03:38:46", "start": "03:38:41", "text": "to to try to buy more time. Even if you"}, {"end": "03:38:48", "start": "03:38:44", "text": "live perfectly, you sleep right and"}, {"end": "03:38:51", "start": "03:38:46", "text": "don't have sleep apnea and you know you"}, {"end": "03:38:53", "start": "03:38:48", "text": "you work out every day and uh you do a"}, {"end": "03:38:56", "start": "03:38:51", "text": "great job and you low stress environment"}, {"end": "03:38:59", "start": "03:38:53", "text": "and healthy diet, you could just walk"}, {"end": "03:39:01", "start": "03:38:56", "text": "outside and be shot, you know, some"}, {"end": "03:39:03", "start": "03:38:59", "text": "random stray bullet from a bank robbery"}, {"end": "03:39:05", "start": "03:39:01", "text": "or something. You could be in a traffic"}, {"end": "03:39:07", "start": "03:39:03", "text": "accident. You know, I had a good friend"}, {"end": "03:39:09", "start": "03:39:05", "text": "and uh when he was 28 years old, he was"}, {"end": "03:39:10", "start": "03:39:07", "text": "driving his truck and you know, he was"}, {"end": "03:39:12", "start": "03:39:09", "text": "getting a little tired and and uh you"}, {"end": "03:39:15", "start": "03:39:10", "text": "know, as he was taking a left turn, a"}, {"end": "03:39:17", "start": "03:39:12", "text": "drunk driver came by and you know, just"}, {"end": "03:39:20", "start": "03:39:15", "text": "hit him and uh he got horrifically"}, {"end": "03:39:24", "start": "03:39:17", "text": "mangled up and died on the road, you"}, {"end": "03:39:26", "start": "03:39:20", "text": "know. And this guy, he was a a marathon"}, {"end": "03:39:29", "start": "03:39:24", "text": "runner. He perfect body, perfect health,"}, {"end": "03:39:31", "start": "03:39:26", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] vegan, annoying vegan, too. It's"}, {"end": "03:39:34", "start": "03:39:29", "text": "like it's like everything had to be like"}, {"end": "03:39:36", "start": "03:39:31", "text": "perfect. and and he always bragged about"}, {"end": "03:39:41", "start": "03:39:34", "text": "like how healthy he was every lab was"}, {"end": "03:39:42", "start": "03:39:36", "text": "perfect and he's done right so it's like"}, {"end": "03:39:44", "start": "03:39:41", "text": "should we worry so much about that"}, {"end": "03:39:46", "start": "03:39:42", "text": "because we don't know how chapter one is"}, {"end": "03:39:47", "start": "03:39:44", "text": "going to end it should be much more like"}, {"end": "03:39:49", "start": "03:39:46", "text": "what do you do to enjoy reading the"}, {"end": "03:39:52", "start": "03:39:47", "text": "chapter you know and then the rest will"}, {"end": "03:39:54", "start": "03:39:49", "text": "become evident um"}, {"end": "03:39:56", "start": "03:39:52", "text": "the other things you get fascinated with"}, {"end": "03:40:01", "start": "03:39:54", "text": "things though we're talking about"}, {"end": "03:40:02", "start": "03:39:56", "text": "bioluminescence plants the direwolf"}, {"end": "03:40:05", "start": "03:40:01", "text": "cryptocurrency"}, {"end": "03:40:07", "start": "03:40:02", "text": "I mean, we haven't even got to the"}, {"end": "03:40:09", "start": "03:40:05", "text": "clinic. Psychedelics,"}, {"end": "03:40:13", "start": "03:40:07", "text": "consciousness, you have to have some"}, {"end": "03:40:15", "start": "03:40:09", "text": "thoughts on what happens. Yeah. But"}, {"end": "03:40:17", "start": "03:40:13", "text": "it it it's one of those things like can"}, {"end": "03:40:20", "start": "03:40:15", "text": "you know? So, mathematics, if you study"}, {"end": "03:40:22", "start": "03:40:17", "text": "mathematics deep enough, when you first"}, {"end": "03:40:23", "start": "03:40:20", "text": "start, you're like everything has a"}, {"end": "03:40:25", "start": "03:40:22", "text": "proof and if you're smart enough, you"}, {"end": "03:40:27", "start": "03:40:23", "text": "can find it. And then when you get deep"}, {"end": "03:40:29", "start": "03:40:25", "text": "enough into the guts of math, there's"}, {"end": "03:40:31", "start": "03:40:27", "text": "like a hidden dark knowledge you're not"}, {"end": "03:40:32", "start": "03:40:29", "text": "supposed to know. You know, like"}, {"end": "03:40:33", "start": "03:40:31", "text": "Scientology, they have the levels,"}, {"end": "03:40:36", "start": "03:40:32", "text": "right? And eventually you find out about"}, {"end": "03:40:37", "start": "03:40:33", "text": "Zenu. So, so in mathematics, eventually"}, {"end": "03:40:38", "start": "03:40:36", "text": "you find out about Girdle, you know,"}, {"end": "03:40:41", "start": "03:40:37", "text": "it's like the dark secret. It's called"}, {"end": "03:40:43", "start": "03:40:38", "text": "Girdle's incompleteness theorem. So,"}, {"end": "03:40:45", "start": "03:40:41", "text": "back in the 19th century, uh, math was"}, {"end": "03:40:47", "start": "03:40:43", "text": "kind of in a weird state. So these guys"}, {"end": "03:40:49", "start": "03:40:45", "text": "got together like Alfred North Whitehead"}, {"end": "03:40:50", "start": "03:40:47", "text": "and Bertrren Russell and David Hilbert"}, {"end": "03:40:51", "start": "03:40:49", "text": "and said you know what we're going to do"}, {"end": "03:40:54", "start": "03:40:50", "text": "is we're going to rebuild all of the"}, {"end": "03:40:56", "start": "03:40:51", "text": "foundations of math to be on this"}, {"end": "03:40:58", "start": "03:40:54", "text": "beautiful axiomatic system where"}, {"end": "03:41:00", "start": "03:40:56", "text": "everything will be rigorous and formally"}, {"end": "03:41:01", "start": "03:40:58", "text": "provable and it'll almost be like a"}, {"end": "03:41:04", "start": "03:41:00", "text": "machine where you just turn the crank"}, {"end": "03:41:05", "start": "03:41:01", "text": "and you can prove everything. So in any"}, {"end": "03:41:07", "start": "03:41:04", "text": "formal system you have four properties"}, {"end": "03:41:09", "start": "03:41:05", "text": "to a formal system. You have your axioms"}, {"end": "03:41:10", "start": "03:41:07", "text": "the base level of the system. So these"}, {"end": "03:41:12", "start": "03:41:09", "text": "are the things that you assume to be"}, {"end": "03:41:15", "start": "03:41:10", "text": "true without proof because you have to"}, {"end": "03:41:17", "start": "03:41:12", "text": "have some rules you know and then the"}, {"end": "03:41:20", "start": "03:41:15", "text": "next step you have uh in a in a formal"}, {"end": "03:41:22", "start": "03:41:17", "text": "system is independence. So once you have"}, {"end": "03:41:24", "start": "03:41:20", "text": "axioms"}, {"end": "03:41:26", "start": "03:41:22", "text": "do the axioms contradict each other or"}, {"end": "03:41:28", "start": "03:41:24", "text": "are they self-standing? Then the third"}, {"end": "03:41:29", "start": "03:41:26", "text": "thing you have is completeness and the"}, {"end": "03:41:32", "start": "03:41:28", "text": "fourth thing is what's called"}, {"end": "03:41:34", "start": "03:41:29", "text": "decidability. So completeness says that"}, {"end": "03:41:37", "start": "03:41:32", "text": "if I give you a statement in my formal"}, {"end": "03:41:39", "start": "03:41:34", "text": "system, you have enough machinery to be"}, {"end": "03:41:42", "start": "03:41:37", "text": "able to prove whether that statement is"}, {"end": "03:41:44", "start": "03:41:39", "text": "true or false. And decidability is can"}, {"end": "03:41:46", "start": "03:41:42", "text": "you build a machine that if you turn the"}, {"end": "03:41:48", "start": "03:41:44", "text": "crank enough times, it will derive that"}, {"end": "03:41:50", "start": "03:41:46", "text": "truth value or false value. So all these"}, {"end": "03:41:52", "start": "03:41:48", "text": "mathematicians in the 19th century, they"}, {"end": "03:41:54", "start": "03:41:50", "text": "absolutely believe that math had all"}, {"end": "03:41:56", "start": "03:41:52", "text": "four of these properties that you could"}, {"end": "03:41:57", "start": "03:41:54", "text": "build some set of axioms. Who knows what"}, {"end": "03:42:00", "start": "03:41:56", "text": "the hell they are that will cover"}, {"end": "03:42:01", "start": "03:41:57", "text": "everything in mathematics. And then"}, {"end": "03:42:03", "start": "03:42:00", "text": "those axioms will all be independent of"}, {"end": "03:42:05", "start": "03:42:01", "text": "each other. So they're just they're not"}, {"end": "03:42:07", "start": "03:42:03", "text": "too many, not too little. It's like"}, {"end": "03:42:08", "start": "03:42:05", "text": "Goldilocks. They're just right. And then"}, {"end": "03:42:10", "start": "03:42:07", "text": "it's complete. So no matter what you"}, {"end": "03:42:12", "start": "03:42:08", "text": "tell me, I'll be able to build a machine"}, {"end": "03:42:14", "start": "03:42:10", "text": "and it'll turn the crank and it'll tell"}, {"end": "03:42:16", "start": "03:42:12", "text": "me it's true and false. So then in the"}, {"end": "03:42:18", "start": "03:42:14", "text": "30s there's this paranoid schizophrenic"}, {"end": "03:42:21", "start": "03:42:16", "text": "graduate student named Kurt Girdle and"}, {"end": "03:42:23", "start": "03:42:18", "text": "he's like yeah actually um math can"}, {"end": "03:42:24", "start": "03:42:21", "text": "never be complete. It was called"}, {"end": "03:42:26", "start": "03:42:23", "text": "Girdle's incompleteness theorem. He just"}, {"end": "03:42:29", "start": "03:42:24", "text": "broke math. And basically what he did is"}, {"end": "03:42:31", "start": "03:42:26", "text": "he said he invented this thing using"}, {"end": "03:42:34", "start": "03:42:29", "text": "what are called girdle encodings outside"}, {"end": "03:42:36", "start": "03:42:31", "text": "of math. And he said okay this thing"}, {"end": "03:42:38", "start": "03:42:34", "text": "that you can't prove it within your"}, {"end": "03:42:39", "start": "03:42:36", "text": "system unless you introduce another"}, {"end": "03:42:41", "start": "03:42:38", "text": "axiom. But the minute you introduce"}, {"end": "03:42:43", "start": "03:42:39", "text": "another axiom, I can use that to"}, {"end": "03:42:45", "start": "03:42:41", "text": "construct another thing that requires"}, {"end": "03:42:47", "start": "03:42:43", "text": "another axiom. So there's always going"}, {"end": "03:42:50", "start": "03:42:45", "text": "to be a statement outside of mathematics"}, {"end": "03:42:52", "start": "03:42:47", "text": "inductively that is unprovable with the"}, {"end": "03:42:54", "start": "03:42:50", "text": "current system that you have. So"}, {"end": "03:42:57", "start": "03:42:52", "text": "effectively, mathematics is forever"}, {"end": "03:42:59", "start": "03:42:54", "text": "incomplete if you want to do interesting"}, {"end": "03:43:01", "start": "03:42:57", "text": "things. So it's like the hidden secret"}, {"end": "03:43:03", "start": "03:42:59", "text": "of mathematicians like there could exist"}, {"end": "03:43:05", "start": "03:43:01", "text": "things in math that you can state but"}, {"end": "03:43:06", "start": "03:43:03", "text": "you can't prove. So then they're like,"}, {"end": "03:43:08", "start": "03:43:05", "text": "well, could we at least build the"}, {"end": "03:43:10", "start": "03:43:06", "text": "machine that can tell us whether it's"}, {"end": "03:43:12", "start": "03:43:08", "text": "true or false or undecidable? So then"}, {"end": "03:43:13", "start": "03:43:10", "text": "they said, well, let's at least try to"}, {"end": "03:43:15", "start": "03:43:12", "text": "do that. And then there was another"}, {"end": "03:43:17", "start": "03:43:13", "text": "brilliant kid named Alan Turing who"}, {"end": "03:43:18", "start": "03:43:15", "text": "basically said, no, actually math is"}, {"end": "03:43:21", "start": "03:43:17", "text": "fundamentally undecidable as well. You"}, {"end": "03:43:23", "start": "03:43:18", "text": "can never build an abstract machine uh"}, {"end": "03:43:25", "start": "03:43:21", "text": "to to basically always show you what the"}, {"end": "03:43:27", "start": "03:43:23", "text": "answers are. But at least there we got"}, {"end": "03:43:28", "start": "03:43:25", "text": "computer science because inadvertently"}, {"end": "03:43:30", "start": "03:43:27", "text": "while Turing was trying to solve that,"}, {"end": "03:43:32", "start": "03:43:28", "text": "he invented the Turing machine which was"}, {"end": "03:43:34", "start": "03:43:30", "text": "the basis of all of modern programming"}, {"end": "03:43:35", "start": "03:43:32", "text": "languages and computer science. and"}, {"end": "03:43:37", "start": "03:43:34", "text": "these types of things. So why is this"}, {"end": "03:43:39", "start": "03:43:35", "text": "related to death and consciousness and"}, {"end": "03:43:42", "start": "03:43:37", "text": "things like that what we have just shown"}, {"end": "03:43:44", "start": "03:43:39", "text": "in mathematics is that there exists"}, {"end": "03:43:45", "start": "03:43:42", "text": "things outside of a formal system of"}, {"end": "03:43:47", "start": "03:43:44", "text": "provability"}, {"end": "03:43:50", "start": "03:43:45", "text": "and no matter how smart you are, how"}, {"end": "03:43:52", "start": "03:43:47", "text": "capable you are, it's so far outside of"}, {"end": "03:43:54", "start": "03:43:50", "text": "the realm, there's no way to actually"}, {"end": "03:43:56", "start": "03:43:52", "text": "meaningfully talk about it because I"}, {"end": "03:43:59", "start": "03:43:54", "text": "can't prove it. I can't I can't solve"}, {"end": "03:44:01", "start": "03:43:56", "text": "it. And death in many ways is like this."}, {"end": "03:44:03", "start": "03:43:59", "text": "Our perceptions are bounded by these"}, {"end": "03:44:05", "start": "03:44:01", "text": "electrical meat sacks. we walk around in"}, {"end": "03:44:08", "start": "03:44:03", "text": "and there are things we can see and"}, {"end": "03:44:10", "start": "03:44:05", "text": "perceive like light and sound. There's"}, {"end": "03:44:12", "start": "03:44:08", "text": "other things we can't perceive and like"}, {"end": "03:44:14", "start": "03:44:10", "text": "like radiation for example. We don't we"}, {"end": "03:44:16", "start": "03:44:12", "text": "don't sense it and just feel the"}, {"end": "03:44:20", "start": "03:44:14", "text": "consequences of it. Death is like this"}, {"end": "03:44:22", "start": "03:44:16", "text": "thing that happens after and you can"}, {"end": "03:44:24", "start": "03:44:20", "text": "have an opinion like okay well there's a"}, {"end": "03:44:26", "start": "03:44:22", "text": "soul and the soul will go somewhere or"}, {"end": "03:44:28", "start": "03:44:24", "text": "there's reincarnation and you become"}, {"end": "03:44:30", "start": "03:44:26", "text": "something else or you can say it just"}, {"end": "03:44:32", "start": "03:44:28", "text": "all comes to an end and you know you're"}, {"end": "03:44:33", "start": "03:44:30", "text": "just like the the plant that dies and"}, {"end": "03:44:35", "start": "03:44:32", "text": "this other thing or you can say there's"}, {"end": "03:44:37", "start": "03:44:33", "text": "like this collective pansyus"}, {"end": "03:44:38", "start": "03:44:35", "text": "consciousness in fact there's a variant"}, {"end": "03:44:41", "start": "03:44:37", "text": "of Christianity that believes it's"}, {"end": "03:44:44", "start": "03:44:38", "text": "called narcissism it was a competitor of"}, {"end": "03:44:45", "start": "03:44:41", "text": "of of Christianity after Jesus died and"}, {"end": "03:44:47", "start": "03:44:44", "text": "it was like heretical"}, {"end": "03:44:49", "start": "03:44:45", "text": "They they said that actually the god"}, {"end": "03:44:53", "start": "03:44:47", "text": "that the Christians worship is a"}, {"end": "03:44:54", "start": "03:44:49", "text": "actually a fa fake god uh and there's"}, {"end": "03:44:56", "start": "03:44:53", "text": "actually another god in a different"}, {"end": "03:44:58", "start": "03:44:54", "text": "realm and this fake god is here to"}, {"end": "03:44:59", "start": "03:44:56", "text": "actually deceive all the people and only"}, {"end": "03:45:03", "start": "03:44:58", "text": "through nosis can you discover this"}, {"end": "03:45:05", "start": "03:44:59", "text": "other this other god. The point is that"}, {"end": "03:45:08", "start": "03:45:03", "text": "it's you can spend endless time and"}, {"end": "03:45:09", "start": "03:45:05", "text": "endless mental constructions, but all"}, {"end": "03:45:10", "start": "03:45:08", "text": "you're doing is you're just adding"}, {"end": "03:45:12", "start": "03:45:09", "text": "another axiom which then I'm going to"}, {"end": "03:45:15", "start": "03:45:10", "text": "immediately take and put into the"}, {"end": "03:45:17", "start": "03:45:12", "text": "machine to make us another notion of"}, {"end": "03:45:19", "start": "03:45:15", "text": "afterlife that's beyond your ability to"}, {"end": "03:45:21", "start": "03:45:17", "text": "prove and then you add another axiom and"}, {"end": "03:45:23", "start": "03:45:19", "text": "then we repeat it. So death is an"}, {"end": "03:45:25", "start": "03:45:21", "text": "inductive process. No matter how smart"}, {"end": "03:45:28", "start": "03:45:23", "text": "you get, what senses you get, what"}, {"end": "03:45:31", "start": "03:45:25", "text": "understanding you get, you can't really"}, {"end": "03:45:32", "start": "03:45:28", "text": "get there. There's even this shipthesis"}, {"end": "03:45:35", "start": "03:45:31", "text": "problem. Your cells replenish and"}, {"end": "03:45:37", "start": "03:45:32", "text": "changed themselves. So what is death"}, {"end": "03:45:39", "start": "03:45:35", "text": "there? You are you today, but in seven"}, {"end": "03:45:41", "start": "03:45:37", "text": "years all your cells have rotated out"}, {"end": "03:45:43", "start": "03:45:39", "text": "and changed out. So are you still you"}, {"end": "03:45:45", "start": "03:45:41", "text": "then? Or are you a different person"}, {"end": "03:45:46", "start": "03:45:43", "text": "then? If all your cells are replacing"}, {"end": "03:45:49", "start": "03:45:45", "text": "themselves. It's like let's say you buy"}, {"end": "03:45:51", "start": "03:45:46", "text": "a classic car and you change the tires,"}, {"end": "03:45:52", "start": "03:45:49", "text": "then you change the transmission, then"}, {"end": "03:45:54", "start": "03:45:51", "text": "you change the engine, then you have to"}, {"end": "03:45:55", "start": "03:45:52", "text": "redo some of the body work, and then you"}, {"end": "03:45:56", "start": "03:45:54", "text": "have change the panels, then you change"}, {"end": "03:45:58", "start": "03:45:55", "text": "the doors, then change the headlights."}, {"end": "03:46:00", "start": "03:45:56", "text": "At what point is it no longer the"}, {"end": "03:46:02", "start": "03:45:58", "text": "original car? So if your body is"}, {"end": "03:46:03", "start": "03:46:00", "text": "constantly changing and adapting, your"}, {"end": "03:46:06", "start": "03:46:02", "text": "brain is constantly changing and"}, {"end": "03:46:08", "start": "03:46:03", "text": "restructuring and readapting itself. At"}, {"end": "03:46:10", "start": "03:46:06", "text": "what point did the you of today die?"}, {"end": "03:46:12", "start": "03:46:08", "text": "Because our view of death is that it"}, {"end": "03:46:13", "start": "03:46:10", "text": "happens after everything ceases to"}, {"end": "03:46:15", "start": "03:46:12", "text": "function. But maybe you die a little"}, {"end": "03:46:17", "start": "03:46:13", "text": "every day and you're a completely new"}, {"end": "03:46:18", "start": "03:46:15", "text": "person every single day. It's the same"}, {"end": "03:46:21", "start": "03:46:17", "text": "with Star Trek, you know, where they"}, {"end": "03:46:23", "start": "03:46:18", "text": "have the teleporters, the transporters."}, {"end": "03:46:25", "start": "03:46:21", "text": "Are you really moving from point A to"}, {"end": "03:46:28", "start": "03:46:23", "text": "point B and you're being reassembled or"}, {"end": "03:46:30", "start": "03:46:25", "text": "are you just being cloned and the you're"}, {"end": "03:46:32", "start": "03:46:28", "text": "being murdered on one side and"}, {"end": "03:46:33", "start": "03:46:30", "text": "replicated on the other side? So the"}, {"end": "03:46:35", "start": "03:46:32", "text": "person who stepped on that pad now is"}, {"end": "03:46:37", "start": "03:46:33", "text": "dead and the the person on this other"}, {"end": "03:46:39", "start": "03:46:35", "text": "pad is actually a completely different"}, {"end": "03:46:41", "start": "03:46:37", "text": "person. He's just cloned, but he thinks"}, {"end": "03:46:43", "start": "03:46:39", "text": "he's that because he has the exact same"}, {"end": "03:46:45", "start": "03:46:41", "text": "memories, the exact same DNA, and the"}, {"end": "03:46:47", "start": "03:46:43", "text": "exact same perspective."}, {"end": "03:46:48", "start": "03:46:45", "text": "Death could be this way. And then AI"}, {"end": "03:46:50", "start": "03:46:47", "text": "makes things even more challenging"}, {"end": "03:46:53", "start": "03:46:48", "text": "because what happens when you can create"}, {"end": "03:46:55", "start": "03:46:50", "text": "near-perfect similacra of people. So all"}, {"end": "03:46:58", "start": "03:46:53", "text": "this interaction with AI and all this"}, {"end": "03:46:59", "start": "03:46:55", "text": "data at some point a computer can"}, {"end": "03:47:01", "start": "03:46:58", "text": "probably create a pretty realistic copy"}, {"end": "03:47:03", "start": "03:46:59", "text": "of you. So much so that it's"}, {"end": "03:47:06", "start": "03:47:01", "text": "indistinguishable from other people. And"}, {"end": "03:47:08", "start": "03:47:03", "text": "we like that's not you. Okay. But what"}, {"end": "03:47:10", "start": "03:47:06", "text": "makes you you? If I know you as a person"}, {"end": "03:47:12", "start": "03:47:08", "text": "and I spend time with you as a person"}, {"end": "03:47:14", "start": "03:47:10", "text": "and and every time I interact with you,"}, {"end": "03:47:16", "start": "03:47:12", "text": "the computer gives me the exact same"}, {"end": "03:47:19", "start": "03:47:14", "text": "experience, for all intents and"}, {"end": "03:47:21", "start": "03:47:16", "text": "purposes, it's you from my perspective."}, {"end": "03:47:23", "start": "03:47:19", "text": "So, is your you defined by you or is"}, {"end": "03:47:25", "start": "03:47:21", "text": "your you defined by me and my"}, {"end": "03:47:27", "start": "03:47:23", "text": "interactions with you? It's another"}, {"end": "03:47:30", "start": "03:47:25", "text": "interesting part of life and death,"}, {"end": "03:47:33", "start": "03:47:27", "text": "right? You see, so that's why I try to"}, {"end": "03:47:34", "start": "03:47:30", "text": "avoid the the big question because I"}, {"end": "03:47:37", "start": "03:47:33", "text": "think it's it's in the same class of"}, {"end": "03:47:39", "start": "03:47:34", "text": "problems as the incompleteness problem."}, {"end": "03:47:42", "start": "03:47:37", "text": "And uh and you can with a life"}, {"end": "03:47:44", "start": "03:47:39", "text": "philosophy construct a system where you"}, {"end": "03:47:46", "start": "03:47:42", "text": "sidestep it. That's what the Buddhists"}, {"end": "03:47:48", "start": "03:47:44", "text": "do. They basically say there's this"}, {"end": "03:47:50", "start": "03:47:46", "text": "concept of reincarnation and the goal is"}, {"end": "03:47:52", "start": "03:47:48", "text": "to divorce yourself of the things that"}, {"end": "03:47:54", "start": "03:47:50", "text": "cause suffering and pain and attachments"}, {"end": "03:47:56", "start": "03:47:52", "text": "are that so you get rid of the"}, {"end": "03:47:59", "start": "03:47:54", "text": "attachments or you can then say no no no"}, {"end": "03:48:02", "start": "03:47:56", "text": "you're this world is a test and you are"}, {"end": "03:48:04", "start": "03:47:59", "text": "a meat suit with the soul and based on"}, {"end": "03:48:06", "start": "03:48:02", "text": "what you do piloting that meat suit will"}, {"end": "03:48:08", "start": "03:48:04", "text": "decide where your soul's final resting"}, {"end": "03:48:09", "start": "03:48:06", "text": "place is either it's in hell or it's in"}, {"end": "03:48:11", "start": "03:48:08", "text": "heaven. So that's kind of a more"}, {"end": "03:48:13", "start": "03:48:09", "text": "Judeo-Christian view of that. Or you can"}, {"end": "03:48:15", "start": "03:48:11", "text": "be an atheist and say there's just the"}, {"end": "03:48:17", "start": "03:48:13", "text": "meat suit and that's it. And it's random"}, {"end": "03:48:19", "start": "03:48:15", "text": "chance that you get to pilot a meat"}, {"end": "03:48:21", "start": "03:48:17", "text": "suit. Who the hell knows how you pilot"}, {"end": "03:48:22", "start": "03:48:19", "text": "it, where it comes from, but your time's"}, {"end": "03:48:24", "start": "03:48:21", "text": "your time. And when you're dead, you're"}, {"end": "03:48:26", "start": "03:48:22", "text": "dead. And have some kids cuz that's the"}, {"end": "03:48:28", "start": "03:48:24", "text": "closest you'll get to immortality,"}, {"end": "03:48:31", "start": "03:48:26", "text": "right? Well, in all three of those"}, {"end": "03:48:35", "start": "03:48:28", "text": "cases, the same result occurs. You die."}, {"end": "03:48:37", "start": "03:48:31", "text": "We don't even know when, but you die."}, {"end": "03:48:39", "start": "03:48:35", "text": "So, what does that mean to me? What does"}, {"end": "03:48:41", "start": "03:48:37", "text": "that mean to society and everything else"}, {"end": "03:48:43", "start": "03:48:39", "text": "around? not not a lot, you know, it's"}, {"end": "03:48:45", "start": "03:48:41", "text": "the same outcome and the same thing. And"}, {"end": "03:48:47", "start": "03:48:43", "text": "let's say you get lucky and there is an"}, {"end": "03:48:50", "start": "03:48:45", "text": "afterlife. Well,"}, {"end": "03:48:52", "start": "03:48:47", "text": "what impact do my beliefs have in this"}, {"end": "03:48:54", "start": "03:48:50", "text": "world on that world? Whether I believed"}, {"end": "03:48:56", "start": "03:48:52", "text": "A or B or C, whether I thought it was"}, {"end": "03:48:58", "start": "03:48:54", "text": "the meat suit or this is a spiritual"}, {"end": "03:48:59", "start": "03:48:56", "text": "test or, you know, there's a"}, {"end": "03:49:02", "start": "03:48:58", "text": "reincarnation thing, I'm going to end up"}, {"end": "03:49:04", "start": "03:48:59", "text": "in the same line with St. Peter, you"}, {"end": "03:49:05", "start": "03:49:02", "text": "know, and and he we're going to have the"}, {"end": "03:49:07", "start": "03:49:04", "text": "same conversation. He's just going to be"}, {"end": "03:49:08", "start": "03:49:05", "text": "like, \"Ah, I see you didn't believe.\""}, {"end": "03:49:10", "start": "03:49:07", "text": "It's like, well, what kind of a just god"}, {"end": "03:49:13", "start": "03:49:08", "text": "would punish me for that forever, for"}, {"end": "03:49:15", "start": "03:49:10", "text": "all eternity? This is where I disagree"}, {"end": "03:49:16", "start": "03:49:13", "text": "with Thomas Aquinas and uh and St."}, {"end": "03:49:19", "start": "03:49:15", "text": "Augustine and these other theologians of"}, {"end": "03:49:20", "start": "03:49:16", "text": "the Catholic Church who who like, oh,"}, {"end": "03:49:22", "start": "03:49:19", "text": "well, you know, God is infinite, so"}, {"end": "03:49:24", "start": "03:49:20", "text": "disbelief in God is an infinite sin,"}, {"end": "03:49:26", "start": "03:49:22", "text": "thus deserves infinite punishment. It's"}, {"end": "03:49:29", "start": "03:49:24", "text": "like, oh, screw you, theologica. It's"}, {"end": "03:49:32", "start": "03:49:26", "text": "it's like mental masturbation justify an"}, {"end": "03:49:34", "start": "03:49:29", "text": "antiquated doctrine of control. A lot of"}, {"end": "03:49:36", "start": "03:49:32", "text": "these things are about controlling"}, {"end": "03:49:40", "start": "03:49:34", "text": "behavior and regulating behavior amongst"}, {"end": "03:49:42", "start": "03:49:36", "text": "people. You know, no just God or just"}, {"end": "03:49:44", "start": "03:49:40", "text": "parent of a child would create an"}, {"end": "03:49:47", "start": "03:49:42", "text": "infinite punishment for a lack of faith"}, {"end": "03:49:50", "start": "03:49:44", "text": "in somebody. And no matter what you do"}, {"end": "03:49:51", "start": "03:49:47", "text": "and you misstep, it's a finite crime. So"}, {"end": "03:49:54", "start": "03:49:50", "text": "punishment is finite. So let's say you"}, {"end": "03:49:56", "start": "03:49:51", "text": "get it wrong, the maximum punishment is"}, {"end": "03:49:58", "start": "03:49:54", "text": "the duration of your life, perhaps a"}, {"end": "03:50:01", "start": "03:49:56", "text": "multiple of that, but it's not internal."}, {"end": "03:50:03", "start": "03:49:58", "text": "So there's no downside when you think of"}, {"end": "03:50:04", "start": "03:50:01", "text": "these things one way or the other. And"}, {"end": "03:50:06", "start": "03:50:03", "text": "so that's why I don't let it guide the"}, {"end": "03:50:08", "start": "03:50:04", "text": "life. And instead what I do is I say I"}, {"end": "03:50:12", "start": "03:50:06", "text": "just want to live a life of curiosity."}, {"end": "03:50:14", "start": "03:50:08", "text": "And what I want to do is self-impose"}, {"end": "03:50:17", "start": "03:50:12", "text": "a mechanism of leaving things behind for"}, {"end": "03:50:20", "start": "03:50:14", "text": "everyone else. If I build great systems,"}, {"end": "03:50:23", "start": "03:50:17", "text": "those systems will be accessible to"}, {"end": "03:50:25", "start": "03:50:20", "text": "everyone in the world. And whether my"}, {"end": "03:50:28", "start": "03:50:23", "text": "name is remembered or not is immaterial."}, {"end": "03:50:29", "start": "03:50:25", "text": "I I get to know that it changed things"}, {"end": "03:50:31", "start": "03:50:28", "text": "for everybody. You know, it's like"}, {"end": "03:50:32", "start": "03:50:29", "text": "serving in the agency and it's like no"}, {"end": "03:50:34", "start": "03:50:31", "text": "one really gets to know you. You're"}, {"end": "03:50:35", "start": "03:50:32", "text": "supposed to be secret, but if you do"}, {"end": "03:50:37", "start": "03:50:34", "text": "something great, you may have saved a"}, {"end": "03:50:39", "start": "03:50:35", "text": "thousand lives or 10,000 lives or"}, {"end": "03:50:41", "start": "03:50:37", "text": "100,000 lives. You didn't sign up for"}, {"end": "03:50:43", "start": "03:50:39", "text": "the credit. You signed up for the action"}, {"end": "03:50:45", "start": "03:50:41", "text": "and the outcome that you wanted to do."}, {"end": "03:50:49", "start": "03:50:43", "text": "And so immortality is the exact same"}, {"end": "03:50:50", "start": "03:50:45", "text": "way. You know, if you live for eternity,"}, {"end": "03:50:52", "start": "03:50:49", "text": "you're only living for yourself. If you"}, {"end": "03:50:54", "start": "03:50:50", "text": "live for the system and you live for"}, {"end": "03:50:56", "start": "03:50:52", "text": "changing other people's lives, well, the"}, {"end": "03:50:58", "start": "03:50:54", "text": "only time you get to do that is finite."}, {"end": "03:50:59", "start": "03:50:56", "text": "So the immortalities thing doesn't mean"}, {"end": "03:51:01", "start": "03:50:58", "text": "anything. The afterlife doesn't mean"}, {"end": "03:51:03", "start": "03:50:59", "text": "anything. So that that's why I think of"}, {"end": "03:51:05", "start": "03:51:01", "text": "it that way. Otherwise, I just go crazy."}, {"end": "03:51:07", "start": "03:51:03", "text": "You know, I just sit down all day long"}, {"end": "03:51:09", "start": "03:51:05", "text": "with theologians and philosophers and"}, {"end": "03:51:11", "start": "03:51:07", "text": "other people and we'd just be mentally"}, {"end": "03:51:12", "start": "03:51:09", "text": "masturbating. It'll be just one big"}, {"end": "03:51:14", "start": "03:51:11", "text": "circle jerk all around, you know, and"}, {"end": "03:51:16", "start": "03:51:12", "text": "getting sprayed a little bit over here"}, {"end": "03:51:18", "start": "03:51:14", "text": "by Christianity and over here by Vishnu"}, {"end": "03:51:20", "start": "03:51:16", "text": "and these things and just it's one big"}, {"end": "03:51:23", "start": "03:51:18", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] of philosophy. It's just it's"}, {"end": "03:51:25", "start": "03:51:20", "text": "impossible to to get anywhere and and"}, {"end": "03:51:27", "start": "03:51:23", "text": "then you you you just get so glum cuz"}, {"end": "03:51:28", "start": "03:51:25", "text": "you're like why does it matter? There's"}, {"end": "03:51:31", "start": "03:51:27", "text": "no meaning. There's no purpose and"}, {"end": "03:51:34", "start": "03:51:28", "text": "things. One thing I know for certainty"}, {"end": "03:51:38", "start": "03:51:31", "text": "is humans need meaning. If you take"}, {"end": "03:51:39", "start": "03:51:34", "text": "meaning from a man, he will collapse and"}, {"end": "03:51:41", "start": "03:51:38", "text": "there's nothing there. If you have"}, {"end": "03:51:43", "start": "03:51:39", "text": "meaning in a person, they will endure"}, {"end": "03:51:46", "start": "03:51:41", "text": "any amount of hell to get to the other"}, {"end": "03:51:47", "start": "03:51:43", "text": "side. So the much more meaningful"}, {"end": "03:51:49", "start": "03:51:46", "text": "question isn't what happens when you"}, {"end": "03:51:51", "start": "03:51:47", "text": "die. It's how do you discover meaning in"}, {"end": "03:51:53", "start": "03:51:49", "text": "the moment and perpetuate that and"}, {"end": "03:51:56", "start": "03:51:51", "text": "preserve that and carry it with you and"}, {"end": "03:51:57", "start": "03:51:53", "text": "then how do you align your meaning so"}, {"end": "03:51:59", "start": "03:51:56", "text": "it's empathetic with society as a whole"}, {"end": "03:52:01", "start": "03:51:57", "text": "and it helps society as a whole. Those"}, {"end": "03:52:03", "start": "03:51:59", "text": "are the things that are a much more"}, {"end": "03:52:06", "start": "03:52:01", "text": "meaningful question to focus on."}, {"end": "03:52:08", "start": "03:52:03", "text": "Everything else is just it's a waste."}, {"end": "03:52:09", "start": "03:52:06", "text": "It's either weaponized to control people"}, {"end": "03:52:12", "start": "03:52:08", "text": "and convince them to do things they"}, {"end": "03:52:14", "start": "03:52:09", "text": "would ordinarily wouldn't do, or you end"}, {"end": "03:52:18", "start": "03:52:12", "text": "up going to dark places that you really"}, {"end": "03:52:18", "start": "03:52:14", "text": "can't come back from."}, {"end": "03:52:23", "start": "03:52:18", "text": "Back to your psychedelic journey where"}, {"end": "03:52:27", "start": "03:52:20", "text": "you you turned into the wolf. Yes. Was"}, {"end": "03:52:28", "start": "03:52:23", "text": "that before the dire wolf? Yes. Do you"}, {"end": "03:52:30", "start": "03:52:27", "text": "think there's an association there? You"}, {"end": "03:52:32", "start": "03:52:28", "text": "know, now that I think about it, it"}, {"end": "03:52:34", "start": "03:52:30", "text": "could be. I never connected that cuz I I"}, {"end": "03:52:37", "start": "03:52:32", "text": "found out about it in January. You never"}, {"end": "03:52:39", "start": "03:52:34", "text": "connected that? I didn't I I just I"}, {"end": "03:52:41", "start": "03:52:37", "text": "because I I did the the trip in November"}, {"end": "03:52:44", "start": "03:52:39", "text": "and in January I found out about uh"}, {"end": "03:52:45", "start": "03:52:41", "text": "about the direwolf. But uh that you"}, {"end": "03:52:47", "start": "03:52:44", "text": "never thought about that until this"}, {"end": "03:52:50", "start": "03:52:45", "text": "specific point till I brought it up. No,"}, {"end": "03:52:52", "start": "03:52:47", "text": "I never thought about it. Holy [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "03:52:54", "start": "03:52:50", "text": "Charles."}, {"end": "03:52:55", "start": "03:52:52", "text": "Seriously? I never did. Yeah. What do"}, {"end": "03:52:57", "start": "03:52:54", "text": "you think now that I just brought that"}, {"end": "03:52:58", "start": "03:52:55", "text": "up? Well, you know, it could be. But the"}, {"end": "03:53:00", "start": "03:52:57", "text": "other thing is, you know, I'm a quarter"}, {"end": "03:53:01", "start": "03:52:58", "text": "Norwegian and a quarter Italian. And in"}, {"end": "03:53:03", "start": "03:53:00", "text": "the Norwegian side, there were like"}, {"end": "03:53:05", "start": "03:53:01", "text": "Viking raider dudes. And you know, maybe"}, {"end": "03:53:07", "start": "03:53:03", "text": "one of them was like an olf, you know,"}, {"end": "03:53:09", "start": "03:53:05", "text": "barbarian, you like the wolf raiders."}, {"end": "03:53:11", "start": "03:53:07", "text": "So, who knows? It could be some"}, {"end": "03:53:14", "start": "03:53:09", "text": "connection to familial blood. It could"}, {"end": "03:53:17", "start": "03:53:11", "text": "be uh a premonition of the direwolf. It"}, {"end": "03:53:19", "start": "03:53:14", "text": "could be just that I like dogs, you"}, {"end": "03:53:21", "start": "03:53:17", "text": "know. Who the hell knows? I got five"}, {"end": "03:53:23", "start": "03:53:19", "text": "dogs, you know, and and uh and I got"}, {"end": "03:53:24", "start": "03:53:21", "text": "wolves, you know, running around"}, {"end": "03:53:26", "start": "03:53:23", "text": "probably on the ranch. Never seen them."}, {"end": "03:53:28", "start": "03:53:24", "text": "They tell me they're there, you know, so"}, {"end": "03:53:31", "start": "03:53:26", "text": "who knows? But two months later you find"}, {"end": "03:53:33", "start": "03:53:28", "text": "out about this project later about um"}, {"end": "03:53:36", "start": "03:53:31", "text": "yeah that's a good point but I never"}, {"end": "03:53:37", "start": "03:53:33", "text": "thought of it that way. Maybe it is."}, {"end": "03:53:41", "start": "03:53:36", "text": "Perhaps ketamine gives you the ability"}, {"end": "03:53:41", "start": "03:53:37", "text": "to see the future."}, {"end": "03:53:48", "start": "03:53:42", "text": "Let's talk about the direwolf. Yes sir."}, {"end": "03:53:51", "start": "03:53:45", "text": "How did you get involved in that? So uh"}, {"end": "03:53:53", "start": "03:53:48", "text": "as I mentioned before in 2021 uh I met"}, {"end": "03:53:56", "start": "03:53:51", "text": "Ben and we were talking about a like a"}, {"end": "03:53:58", "start": "03:53:53", "text": "kind of a crypto colossal thing and uh I"}, {"end": "03:54:00", "start": "03:53:56", "text": "invested in Colossal quite early in the"}, {"end": "03:54:02", "start": "03:53:58", "text": "company's via history. So they were"}, {"end": "03:54:05", "start": "03:54:00", "text": "before they had done any of that major"}, {"end": "03:54:06", "start": "03:54:02", "text": "work. Uh, and so, you know, every 6"}, {"end": "03:54:08", "start": "03:54:05", "text": "months to a year, you know, Ben and I"}, {"end": "03:54:10", "start": "03:54:06", "text": "would talk and I'd go down to either"}, {"end": "03:54:12", "start": "03:54:08", "text": "Texas and things like that and I'd kind"}, {"end": "03:54:13", "start": "03:54:10", "text": "of follow the progress and get to know"}, {"end": "03:54:15", "start": "03:54:12", "text": "like what are they working on. And then"}, {"end": "03:54:16", "start": "03:54:13", "text": "after we founded a company together,"}, {"end": "03:54:19", "start": "03:54:15", "text": "then I started getting much more"}, {"end": "03:54:22", "start": "03:54:16", "text": "involved in these things. But, um, we"}, {"end": "03:54:25", "start": "03:54:19", "text": "always knew that the woolly mammoth was"}, {"end": "03:54:27", "start": "03:54:22", "text": "kind of a horizonal goal. And the reason"}, {"end": "03:54:28", "start": "03:54:25", "text": "being is it's ridiculously hard to"}, {"end": "03:54:30", "start": "03:54:27", "text": "genetically engineer elephants. You"}, {"end": "03:54:32", "start": "03:54:28", "text": "know, they have specialized machinery"}, {"end": "03:54:34", "start": "03:54:30", "text": "that prevents cancer. and that"}, {"end": "03:54:36", "start": "03:54:32", "text": "specialized machinery uh it keeps their"}, {"end": "03:54:37", "start": "03:54:34", "text": "genome very stable. Uh so it's good for"}, {"end": "03:54:39", "start": "03:54:36", "text": "them, but it's bad if you want to change"}, {"end": "03:54:43", "start": "03:54:37", "text": "their genes because it's really hard to"}, {"end": "03:54:44", "start": "03:54:39", "text": "edit things. So they needed an animal"}, {"end": "03:54:47", "start": "03:54:43", "text": "that was easier to manipulate and work"}, {"end": "03:54:50", "start": "03:54:44", "text": "with that was from a very well"}, {"end": "03:54:52", "start": "03:54:47", "text": "understood genome and dogs are super"}, {"end": "03:54:53", "start": "03:54:50", "text": "well understood. We understand"}, {"end": "03:54:55", "start": "03:54:52", "text": "everything about their DNA because we"}, {"end": "03:54:57", "start": "03:54:53", "text": "selectively breed them and you know"}, {"end": "03:54:59", "start": "03:54:55", "text": "that's why you have corgis versus like"}, {"end": "03:55:00", "start": "03:54:57", "text": "great Pyrenees and things like that. So"}, {"end": "03:55:02", "start": "03:54:59", "text": "they said, \"Well, would be really cool"}, {"end": "03:55:03", "start": "03:55:00", "text": "since they had a full genome of a"}, {"end": "03:55:05", "start": "03:55:02", "text": "direwolf to see if they could take a"}, {"end": "03:55:07", "start": "03:55:03", "text": "greywolf and kind of create a chimera.\""}, {"end": "03:55:09", "start": "03:55:05", "text": "So you take DNA from the direwolf and"}, {"end": "03:55:11", "start": "03:55:07", "text": "the DNA from the greywolf and you move"}, {"end": "03:55:13", "start": "03:55:09", "text": "genes over one after another and then"}, {"end": "03:55:15", "start": "03:55:11", "text": "eventually you get to something that"}, {"end": "03:55:17", "start": "03:55:13", "text": "will look like, act like, bark like,"}, {"end": "03:55:19", "start": "03:55:15", "text": "talk like a direwolf. Uh, and then it's"}, {"end": "03:55:22", "start": "03:55:17", "text": "a direwolf. And really the test is"}, {"end": "03:55:25", "start": "03:55:19", "text": "morphological. So you say, \"Okay, if I"}, {"end": "03:55:28", "start": "03:55:22", "text": "left it, if if I let it go 10,000 years"}, {"end": "03:55:30", "start": "03:55:25", "text": "ago, would it go find a direwolf pack"}, {"end": "03:55:31", "start": "03:55:28", "text": "and would they accept it as a direwolf?"}, {"end": "03:55:33", "start": "03:55:30", "text": "And if it bred with them, would they"}, {"end": "03:55:35", "start": "03:55:31", "text": "have children?\" If that's the case, it's"}, {"end": "03:55:38", "start": "03:55:33", "text": "a direwolf. And, you know, there's all"}, {"end": "03:55:41", "start": "03:55:35", "text": "these internet, actually, it's, you"}, {"end": "03:55:44", "start": "03:55:38", "text": "know, modified greywolf."}, {"end": "03:55:47", "start": "03:55:41", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] you. It's dude, it's if we found"}, {"end": "03:55:49", "start": "03:55:44", "text": "its bones, the the archaeologists would"}, {"end": "03:55:52", "start": "03:55:47", "text": "be like, \"Oh, that's uh that's a that's"}, {"end": "03:55:53", "start": "03:55:49", "text": "a direwolf skeleton right there, right?"}, {"end": "03:55:55", "start": "03:55:52", "text": "They wouldn't think for a moment that"}, {"end": "03:55:57", "start": "03:55:53", "text": "that's a genically engineered greywolf"}, {"end": "03:55:59", "start": "03:55:55", "text": "or things cuz it's identical to the"}, {"end": "03:56:01", "start": "03:55:57", "text": "direwolf. But what it does is it shows"}, {"end": "03:56:03", "start": "03:55:59", "text": "that it's the art of the possible. It's"}, {"end": "03:56:06", "start": "03:56:01", "text": "it's it's possible to take a modern"}, {"end": "03:56:10", "start": "03:56:03", "text": "animal and then adapt that animal to"}, {"end": "03:56:11", "start": "03:56:06", "text": "become an ancient animal. You can clone"}, {"end": "03:56:12", "start": "03:56:10", "text": "an ancient animal, but the challenge"}, {"end": "03:56:15", "start": "03:56:11", "text": "with cloning an ancient animal is the"}, {"end": "03:56:17", "start": "03:56:12", "text": "DNA is almost always incomplete, and you"}, {"end": "03:56:19", "start": "03:56:15", "text": "don't really know what you don't know."}, {"end": "03:56:20", "start": "03:56:17", "text": "So, you never find a full genome. It's"}, {"end": "03:56:22", "start": "03:56:19", "text": "not like when you find the direwolf,"}, {"end": "03:56:25", "start": "03:56:20", "text": "there's like a labeled vial in a freezer"}, {"end": "03:56:27", "start": "03:56:22", "text": "that says direwolf DNA. You find a skull"}, {"end": "03:56:29", "start": "03:56:25", "text": "or you find a tooth or, you know, you"}, {"end": "03:56:30", "start": "03:56:27", "text": "find something in a tar pit with a"}, {"end": "03:56:32", "start": "03:56:29", "text": "little bit of like ancient bone marrow."}, {"end": "03:56:34", "start": "03:56:30", "text": "And when you extract it, you get an"}, {"end": "03:56:35", "start": "03:56:32", "text": "incomplete reference and then you'll"}, {"end": "03:56:37", "start": "03:56:34", "text": "find another one. you extract. It's like"}, {"end": "03:56:39", "start": "03:56:35", "text": "a puzzle and you're kind of putting the"}, {"end": "03:56:41", "start": "03:56:37", "text": "pieces together in just the right way."}, {"end": "03:56:43", "start": "03:56:39", "text": "And there's people that this is all they"}, {"end": "03:56:46", "start": "03:56:41", "text": "do. They just study this stuff and they"}, {"end": "03:56:48", "start": "03:56:43", "text": "they say, \"Oh, okay. Um uh maybe we put"}, {"end": "03:56:49", "start": "03:56:46", "text": "the piece this way and the piece this"}, {"end": "03:56:50", "start": "03:56:48", "text": "way and the piece this way.\" And then"}, {"end": "03:56:52", "start": "03:56:49", "text": "over time, you kind of get a sense of"}, {"end": "03:56:54", "start": "03:56:50", "text": "what the genome actually looked like for"}, {"end": "03:56:55", "start": "03:56:52", "text": "that particular animal. And then if"}, {"end": "03:56:57", "start": "03:56:54", "text": "you're really lucky, you can actually"}, {"end": "03:56:59", "start": "03:56:55", "text": "start identifying which genes did what"}, {"end": "03:57:01", "start": "03:56:57", "text": "where. Like with the woolly mammoth,"}, {"end": "03:57:03", "start": "03:56:59", "text": "this gene makes the fluffy fur that"}, {"end": "03:57:05", "start": "03:57:01", "text": "makes them immune to the cold. And this"}, {"end": "03:57:07", "start": "03:57:03", "text": "gene makes them fat, which insulates"}, {"end": "03:57:09", "start": "03:57:05", "text": "them and they get higher brown fat. And"}, {"end": "03:57:11", "start": "03:57:07", "text": "this one makes their tusks curved and so"}, {"end": "03:57:12", "start": "03:57:09", "text": "forth. And then if you're really good at"}, {"end": "03:57:13", "start": "03:57:11", "text": "synthetic biology, you can actually test"}, {"end": "03:57:16", "start": "03:57:12", "text": "that type of stuff. So they actually"}, {"end": "03:57:18", "start": "03:57:13", "text": "created the woolly mouse. So if you"}, {"end": "03:57:19", "start": "03:57:16", "text": "Google it, you could see this super"}, {"end": "03:57:21", "start": "03:57:18", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] cute mouse where they took the"}, {"end": "03:57:23", "start": "03:57:19", "text": "genes that make the woolly mammoth fur"}, {"end": "03:57:24", "start": "03:57:21", "text": "and they put them in a mouse. And so the"}, {"end": "03:57:26", "start": "03:57:23", "text": "mouse looks like a woolly mammoth. It's"}, {"end": "03:57:28", "start": "03:57:24", "text": "got a little fur and it runs around."}, {"end": "03:57:30", "start": "03:57:26", "text": "It's super cute. But it then says, \"Hey,"}, {"end": "03:57:31", "start": "03:57:28", "text": "we thought it made the fur and the mouse"}, {"end": "03:57:33", "start": "03:57:30", "text": "has the fur.\" and and when we take the"}, {"end": "03:57:35", "start": "03:57:31", "text": "fur off the mouse, it looks a lot like"}, {"end": "03:57:37", "start": "03:57:33", "text": "the samples we have in the tarpit. So,"}, {"end": "03:57:39", "start": "03:57:35", "text": "yeah, that's the that's the gene that"}, {"end": "03:57:40", "start": "03:57:37", "text": "does that. Uh, and then what you do is"}, {"end": "03:57:42", "start": "03:57:39", "text": "take the elephant genome and just like"}, {"end": "03:57:44", "start": "03:57:40", "text": "the wolf, you move the genes over one"}, {"end": "03:57:46", "start": "03:57:42", "text": "after another and over time you get to a"}, {"end": "03:57:50", "start": "03:57:44", "text": "point where you have a mammoth and there"}, {"end": "03:57:52", "start": "03:57:46", "text": "you go. So, that's kind of like 1.0. Um"}, {"end": "03:57:54", "start": "03:57:50", "text": "then as you move further down the road"}, {"end": "03:57:56", "start": "03:57:52", "text": "as AI gets more advanced and the"}, {"end": "03:57:59", "start": "03:57:54", "text": "bioinformatic models get more advanced"}, {"end": "03:58:01", "start": "03:57:56", "text": "then you escape the bounds of chimearas"}, {"end": "03:58:04", "start": "03:57:59", "text": "and you say okay no longer are we going"}, {"end": "03:58:06", "start": "03:58:01", "text": "to go produce things that are just"}, {"end": "03:58:08", "start": "03:58:04", "text": "similacra of old animals you know"}, {"end": "03:58:10", "start": "03:58:06", "text": "representation instead why don't we make"}, {"end": "03:58:12", "start": "03:58:08", "text": "new organisms and this is really"}, {"end": "03:58:15", "start": "03:58:10", "text": "interesting because you can then make an"}, {"end": "03:58:17", "start": "03:58:12", "text": "organism perfectly adapted for the"}, {"end": "03:58:18", "start": "03:58:15", "text": "current environment that we're running"}, {"end": "03:58:20", "start": "03:58:17", "text": "into. So, for example, look at the Great"}, {"end": "03:58:23", "start": "03:58:18", "text": "Barrier Reef. You know, if my"}, {"end": "03:58:26", "start": "03:58:20", "text": "great-grandfather went to Australia and"}, {"end": "03:58:28", "start": "03:58:23", "text": "scuba dive down, you know, and saw the"}, {"end": "03:58:30", "start": "03:58:26", "text": "Great Barrier Reef, it would be a lush,"}, {"end": "03:58:32", "start": "03:58:28", "text": "vibrant, beautiful area. But now, if you"}, {"end": "03:58:33", "start": "03:58:30", "text": "go and see it, like a lot of the coral"}, {"end": "03:58:35", "start": "03:58:32", "text": "down there has been destroyed because of"}, {"end": "03:58:36", "start": "03:58:33", "text": "rising ocean temperature. So, it's"}, {"end": "03:58:38", "start": "03:58:35", "text": "bleached. And you can see images before"}, {"end": "03:58:41", "start": "03:58:36", "text": "and after of the Great Barrier Reef"}, {"end": "03:58:43", "start": "03:58:38", "text": "because coral doesn't have very good"}, {"end": "03:58:45", "start": "03:58:41", "text": "mechanisms to main maintain homeostasis"}, {"end": "03:58:47", "start": "03:58:43", "text": "with environmental variation. We as"}, {"end": "03:58:49", "start": "03:58:45", "text": "humans, these meat suits are well"}, {"end": "03:58:51", "start": "03:58:47", "text": "adapted. So you can put a human in a"}, {"end": "03:58:53", "start": "03:58:49", "text": "very cold environment or a very hot"}, {"end": "03:58:55", "start": "03:58:51", "text": "environment and where body temperature"}, {"end": "03:58:56", "start": "03:58:53", "text": "will stay stable because we have all"}, {"end": "03:58:58", "start": "03:58:55", "text": "these regulating mechanisms. Coral"}, {"end": "03:59:01", "start": "03:58:56", "text": "doesn't have that. So if the ocean"}, {"end": "03:59:02", "start": "03:58:58", "text": "temperature changes too quickly uh or"}, {"end": "03:59:04", "start": "03:59:01", "text": "even just by a few degrees in some"}, {"end": "03:59:06", "start": "03:59:02", "text": "cases, it'll kill the coral. So what if"}, {"end": "03:59:08", "start": "03:59:04", "text": "you genetically engineer the coral,"}, {"end": "03:59:10", "start": "03:59:06", "text": "create a new type of coral that has that"}, {"end": "03:59:12", "start": "03:59:08", "text": "regulating mechanism so it's better"}, {"end": "03:59:13", "start": "03:59:10", "text": "adapted for that type of thing. Then"}, {"end": "03:59:17", "start": "03:59:12", "text": "suddenly you can repopulate the Great"}, {"end": "03:59:18", "start": "03:59:13", "text": "Barrier Reef and we get it back. So some"}, {"end": "03:59:20", "start": "03:59:17", "text": "people are like, \"How dare you do that?\""}, {"end": "03:59:22", "start": "03:59:18", "text": "You know, and probably Greta will be"}, {"end": "03:59:24", "start": "03:59:20", "text": "angry with us and like you've taken my"}, {"end": "03:59:26", "start": "03:59:22", "text": "future, but [\u00a0__\u00a0] her, you know? It's"}, {"end": "03:59:28", "start": "03:59:24", "text": "like I don't care. You know, it's it's"}, {"end": "03:59:31", "start": "03:59:26", "text": "it we we broke it. We bought it. And so"}, {"end": "03:59:33", "start": "03:59:28", "text": "we are we are masters of the world and"}, {"end": "03:59:35", "start": "03:59:31", "text": "it's ours to do with as we please. And"}, {"end": "03:59:37", "start": "03:59:33", "text": "we can kill everything or we can rebuild"}, {"end": "03:59:39", "start": "03:59:35", "text": "everything. So you know what? Why don't"}, {"end": "03:59:40", "start": "03:59:37", "text": "we just be good stewards of the thing?"}, {"end": "03:59:42", "start": "03:59:39", "text": "And if we broke something, let's fix it."}, {"end": "03:59:44", "start": "03:59:40", "text": "And that's ultimately in my view as an"}, {"end": "03:59:46", "start": "03:59:42", "text": "investor in Colossal and as somebody who"}, {"end": "03:59:48", "start": "03:59:44", "text": "likes synthetic biology, that's the"}, {"end": "03:59:51", "start": "03:59:46", "text": "philosophy that I take with this"}, {"end": "03:59:53", "start": "03:59:48", "text": "technology is it gives us a toolkit to"}, {"end": "03:59:55", "start": "03:59:51", "text": "deal with the consequences of modernity."}, {"end": "03:59:59", "start": "03:59:53", "text": "The world wasn't designed for 8 billion"}, {"end": "04:00:02", "start": "03:59:55", "text": "humans with roads everywhere and power"}, {"end": "04:00:03", "start": "03:59:59", "text": "lines everywhere and chemical plants"}, {"end": "04:00:05", "start": "04:00:02", "text": "everywhere and cars driving everywhere"}, {"end": "04:00:06", "start": "04:00:03", "text": "and planes driving everywhere. It just"}, {"end": "04:00:09", "start": "04:00:05", "text": "wasn't built for that. It was built for"}, {"end": "04:00:11", "start": "04:00:06", "text": "a different thing. We decided to do"}, {"end": "04:00:13", "start": "04:00:09", "text": "that. It has consequences. We can"}, {"end": "04:00:15", "start": "04:00:11", "text": "complain about them or we can just fix"}, {"end": "04:00:17", "start": "04:00:13", "text": "them. And fixing them means you're going"}, {"end": "04:00:19", "start": "04:00:15", "text": "to have to genetically engineer things"}, {"end": "04:00:21", "start": "04:00:17", "text": "to be more adapted to this new"}, {"end": "04:00:23", "start": "04:00:19", "text": "environment. So, some things have to be"}, {"end": "04:00:24", "start": "04:00:21", "text": "more tolerant of the heat. Some things"}, {"end": "04:00:25", "start": "04:00:23", "text": "have to deal with new chemicals or"}, {"end": "04:00:27", "start": "04:00:24", "text": "compounds or other things we've"}, {"end": "04:00:29", "start": "04:00:25", "text": "introduced into the atmosphere. Like"}, {"end": "04:00:32", "start": "04:00:27", "text": "look at the forever chemicals. You know,"}, {"end": "04:00:34", "start": "04:00:29", "text": "you got shoes that are waterproof. They"}, {"end": "04:00:36", "start": "04:00:32", "text": "have PFAs and other things on them that"}, {"end": "04:00:38", "start": "04:00:34", "text": "make them the Gortex and the waterproof."}, {"end": "04:00:39", "start": "04:00:36", "text": "Well, those forever chemicals stick"}, {"end": "04:00:41", "start": "04:00:38", "text": "around and they cause cancer. I think"}, {"end": "04:00:44", "start": "04:00:39", "text": "microplastics are another example of"}, {"end": "04:00:45", "start": "04:00:41", "text": "that. 10 out of 10 penises at this point"}, {"end": "04:00:47", "start": "04:00:44", "text": "have microplastics in them, you know,"}, {"end": "04:00:49", "start": "04:00:45", "text": "and uh that's why fertility is probably"}, {"end": "04:00:51", "start": "04:00:47", "text": "plummeting. We're half as fertile today"}, {"end": "04:00:53", "start": "04:00:49", "text": "as we were in the 1970s. Probably"}, {"end": "04:00:55", "start": "04:00:51", "text": "microplastics in the balls have a lot to"}, {"end": "04:00:56", "start": "04:00:53", "text": "do with that. We can complain about it"}, {"end": "04:00:58", "start": "04:00:55", "text": "or we can fix that problem. So why don't"}, {"end": "04:01:00", "start": "04:00:56", "text": "we make organisms that eat the"}, {"end": "04:01:02", "start": "04:00:58", "text": "microplastics? So the there's a"}, {"end": "04:01:05", "start": "04:01:00", "text": "recycling mechanism so nature can"}, {"end": "04:01:08", "start": "04:01:02", "text": "process that. Nature will do that but it"}, {"end": "04:01:10", "start": "04:01:05", "text": "does it on a scale of millions of years."}, {"end": "04:01:13", "start": "04:01:08", "text": "We can do that and we can do it on a"}, {"end": "04:01:16", "start": "04:01:10", "text": "scale of months or you know years to"}, {"end": "04:01:17", "start": "04:01:13", "text": "decades which means that we have some"}, {"end": "04:01:20", "start": "04:01:16", "text": "hope of solving the problem before it"}, {"end": "04:01:21", "start": "04:01:17", "text": "destroys. Have we made an organism that"}, {"end": "04:01:23", "start": "04:01:20", "text": "eats microplastics? Yeah, we've made"}, {"end": "04:01:26", "start": "04:01:21", "text": "organisms that do. There's bacteria that"}, {"end": "04:01:28", "start": "04:01:23", "text": "now eat uh eat plastics, you know, and"}, {"end": "04:01:30", "start": "04:01:26", "text": "uh and pretty much anything you want to"}, {"end": "04:01:32", "start": "04:01:28", "text": "do you can do. In fact, they're they"}, {"end": "04:01:35", "start": "04:01:30", "text": "they've even developed an STD for"}, {"end": "04:01:37", "start": "04:01:32", "text": "mosquitoes to to basically kill them so"}, {"end": "04:01:38", "start": "04:01:35", "text": "that they don't spread malaria. So,"}, {"end": "04:01:41", "start": "04:01:37", "text": "they're right now working on this fungal"}, {"end": "04:01:42", "start": "04:01:38", "text": "STD and this, you know, I don't know how"}, {"end": "04:01:43", "start": "04:01:41", "text": "they administer it to the mosquitoes,"}, {"end": "04:01:45", "start": "04:01:42", "text": "but you know, they're getting all these"}, {"end": "04:01:46", "start": "04:01:43", "text": "mosquitoes jacked up and then they go"}, {"end": "04:01:49", "start": "04:01:45", "text": "and breed with each other and it spreads"}, {"end": "04:01:51", "start": "04:01:46", "text": "like a parasite and it it's eradicating"}, {"end": "04:01:53", "start": "04:01:49", "text": "big piles of mosquitoes. Why? Because"}, {"end": "04:01:54", "start": "04:01:51", "text": "they spread malaria and they've killed"}, {"end": "04:01:56", "start": "04:01:53", "text": "hundreds of millions of people because"}, {"end": "04:02:00", "start": "04:01:54", "text": "they spread malaria. Is it a good idea?"}, {"end": "04:02:03", "start": "04:01:56", "text": "Is it a bad idea? Who knows? There's um"}, {"end": "04:02:06", "start": "04:02:00", "text": "people go around uh irradiating a"}, {"end": "04:02:08", "start": "04:02:03", "text": "special type of parasite fly in Central"}, {"end": "04:02:10", "start": "04:02:06", "text": "America and South America and they take"}, {"end": "04:02:11", "start": "04:02:08", "text": "these radioactive parasite flies and"}, {"end": "04:02:13", "start": "04:02:10", "text": "they air drop them down and they've been"}, {"end": "04:02:15", "start": "04:02:11", "text": "doing it for decades because then when"}, {"end": "04:02:17", "start": "04:02:13", "text": "they they breed with the other ones they"}, {"end": "04:02:20", "start": "04:02:15", "text": "actually um uh don't propagate the"}, {"end": "04:02:23", "start": "04:02:17", "text": "species and it controls the population."}, {"end": "04:02:25", "start": "04:02:20", "text": "So geoengineering and uh and genetic"}, {"end": "04:02:28", "start": "04:02:23", "text": "engineering and synthetic biology it has"}, {"end": "04:02:30", "start": "04:02:25", "text": "its role in plays and the problem isn't"}, {"end": "04:02:31", "start": "04:02:28", "text": "the technology. The problem is we don't"}, {"end": "04:02:34", "start": "04:02:30", "text": "have the right mediums to have an adult"}, {"end": "04:02:35", "start": "04:02:31", "text": "conversation about the technology."}, {"end": "04:02:38", "start": "04:02:34", "text": "Whenever you look at these things there"}, {"end": "04:02:40", "start": "04:02:35", "text": "has to be a way for humans to come"}, {"end": "04:02:42", "start": "04:02:38", "text": "together and say what should we do with"}, {"end": "04:02:44", "start": "04:02:40", "text": "this and come together as a community"}, {"end": "04:02:47", "start": "04:02:42", "text": "and have an adult conversation. is like,"}, {"end": "04:02:49", "start": "04:02:44", "text": "okay, so should we eradicate the"}, {"end": "04:02:52", "start": "04:02:47", "text": "mosquitoes which gene drives or not in"}, {"end": "04:02:54", "start": "04:02:49", "text": "these areas? Uh should we change the"}, {"end": "04:02:56", "start": "04:02:52", "text": "coral so it's better adapted for this?"}, {"end": "04:02:58", "start": "04:02:54", "text": "Should we do this? Should we do this?"}, {"end": "04:03:00", "start": "04:02:56", "text": "And what are the consequences of this"}, {"end": "04:03:02", "start": "04:02:58", "text": "thing? Is it irreversible? Meaning if we"}, {"end": "04:03:04", "start": "04:03:00", "text": "do it, we can't fix it. Procedural"}, {"end": "04:03:07", "start": "04:03:02", "text": "inevitability. Um is it reversible but"}, {"end": "04:03:09", "start": "04:03:04", "text": "expensive and costly? And sadly, we"}, {"end": "04:03:10", "start": "04:03:07", "text": "don't have governance structures that do"}, {"end": "04:03:12", "start": "04:03:09", "text": "these types of things. We don't. The"}, {"end": "04:03:14", "start": "04:03:10", "text": "Uriccoy did. They called it the seventh"}, {"end": "04:03:16", "start": "04:03:12", "text": "generation concept. is where they say"}, {"end": "04:03:18", "start": "04:03:14", "text": "the decision we're making today, what"}, {"end": "04:03:20", "start": "04:03:16", "text": "impact will it have on the seventh"}, {"end": "04:03:22", "start": "04:03:18", "text": "generation down the line. So you kind of"}, {"end": "04:03:24", "start": "04:03:20", "text": "think to the future and you say that"}, {"end": "04:03:25", "start": "04:03:22", "text": "maybe capitalism needs to be changed a"}, {"end": "04:03:26", "start": "04:03:24", "text": "little bit to do this. Like imagine if"}, {"end": "04:03:28", "start": "04:03:25", "text": "you had a dual monetary system. You had"}, {"end": "04:03:31", "start": "04:03:26", "text": "today money and future money. You needed"}, {"end": "04:03:33", "start": "04:03:28", "text": "both of them to buy stuff and so you"}, {"end": "04:03:34", "start": "04:03:31", "text": "earn today money just like you do now."}, {"end": "04:03:37", "start": "04:03:33", "text": "You make your podcast and these things"}, {"end": "04:03:38", "start": "04:03:34", "text": "and have sponsors and they pay you. But"}, {"end": "04:03:39", "start": "04:03:37", "text": "then future money, you can only earn"}, {"end": "04:03:42", "start": "04:03:38", "text": "that by doing something good for the"}, {"end": "04:03:45", "start": "04:03:39", "text": "world 100 years from now. And so that"}, {"end": "04:03:46", "start": "04:03:42", "text": "changes all the things in capitalism."}, {"end": "04:03:48", "start": "04:03:45", "text": "There's going to be whole companies"}, {"end": "04:03:50", "start": "04:03:46", "text": "focused on making future money. So"}, {"end": "04:03:52", "start": "04:03:48", "text": "they're doing all this stuff that no one"}, {"end": "04:03:55", "start": "04:03:50", "text": "alive today this is happening. Well, no,"}, {"end": "04:03:56", "start": "04:03:52", "text": "imagine it as a as a concept, you know."}, {"end": "04:03:58", "start": "04:03:55", "text": "Well, then we wouldn't have a lot of"}, {"end": "04:03:59", "start": "04:03:56", "text": "these short-term problems, would we?"}, {"end": "04:04:02", "start": "04:03:58", "text": "Global warming would be inconceivable"}, {"end": "04:04:03", "start": "04:03:59", "text": "or, you know, any any of these uh"}, {"end": "04:04:05", "start": "04:04:02", "text": "environmental concerns would be"}, {"end": "04:04:07", "start": "04:04:03", "text": "inconceivable because like you can't"}, {"end": "04:04:09", "start": "04:04:05", "text": "make future money if you're destroying"}, {"end": "04:04:10", "start": "04:04:07", "text": "the world of tomorrow. you can only make"}, {"end": "04:04:12", "start": "04:04:09", "text": "future money by helping the world of"}, {"end": "04:04:14", "start": "04:04:10", "text": "tomorrow or building longer term"}, {"end": "04:04:17", "start": "04:04:12", "text": "government systems. So, you get what you"}, {"end": "04:04:20", "start": "04:04:14", "text": "pay for in an incentives thing. And uh"}, {"end": "04:04:22", "start": "04:04:17", "text": "and the so I always ask like why can't I"}, {"end": "04:04:24", "start": "04:04:20", "text": "have a conversation about what we should"}, {"end": "04:04:26", "start": "04:04:22", "text": "do with these tools like what Colossal"}, {"end": "04:04:28", "start": "04:04:24", "text": "is building or what we're doing with the"}, {"end": "04:04:30", "start": "04:04:26", "text": "plant company? Well, because the"}, {"end": "04:04:32", "start": "04:04:28", "text": "incentive system is not set up for that."}, {"end": "04:04:35", "start": "04:04:30", "text": "It's set up for short-term gains. How do"}, {"end": "04:04:36", "start": "04:04:32", "text": "we make money as fast as possible, you"}, {"end": "04:04:38", "start": "04:04:35", "text": "know, from as many people as possible to"}, {"end": "04:04:40", "start": "04:04:36", "text": "maximize our local short-term utility?"}, {"end": "04:04:42", "start": "04:04:38", "text": "If the incentives problem is set up that"}, {"end": "04:04:44", "start": "04:04:40", "text": "you have to make both short and"}, {"end": "04:04:45", "start": "04:04:42", "text": "long-term decisions, then capitalism"}, {"end": "04:04:47", "start": "04:04:44", "text": "would be tuned differently and then"}, {"end": "04:04:50", "start": "04:04:45", "text": "people would make different decisions"}, {"end": "04:04:52", "start": "04:04:47", "text": "based upon these things. Uh so, um"}, {"end": "04:04:54", "start": "04:04:50", "text": "what's cool about Colossal though is it"}, {"end": "04:04:56", "start": "04:04:52", "text": "it does show the art of the possible and"}, {"end": "04:04:59", "start": "04:04:54", "text": "it it's one of those few companies where"}, {"end": "04:05:01", "start": "04:04:56", "text": "it's so blatantly obvious that there"}, {"end": "04:05:03", "start": "04:04:59", "text": "does need to be a conversation. There"}, {"end": "04:05:04", "start": "04:05:01", "text": "does need to be a different way of"}, {"end": "04:05:06", "start": "04:05:03", "text": "discussing this than how we've"}, {"end": "04:05:07", "start": "04:05:04", "text": "historically done these types of"}, {"end": "04:05:09", "start": "04:05:06", "text": "discussions. There needs to be a"}, {"end": "04:05:12", "start": "04:05:07", "text": "different zeitgeist about these types of"}, {"end": "04:05:14", "start": "04:05:09", "text": "things because we're so far removed now"}, {"end": "04:05:16", "start": "04:05:12", "text": "from I'm making a cell phone application"}, {"end": "04:05:19", "start": "04:05:14", "text": "or, you know, I'm making a website or"}, {"end": "04:05:20", "start": "04:05:16", "text": "I'm making, you know, black rifle coffee"}, {"end": "04:05:23", "start": "04:05:19", "text": "or something like that. It's so far"}, {"end": "04:05:25", "start": "04:05:20", "text": "removed from that standard thing. You're"}, {"end": "04:05:27", "start": "04:05:23", "text": "literally talking about like, hey, you"}, {"end": "04:05:30", "start": "04:05:25", "text": "know, um, what type of animal should we"}, {"end": "04:05:32", "start": "04:05:27", "text": "make today? Would you like a turducken?"}, {"end": "04:05:34", "start": "04:05:30", "text": "you know, would would you like your"}, {"end": "04:05:36", "start": "04:05:32", "text": "jackaloupe? You know, you could do it if"}, {"end": "04:05:38", "start": "04:05:34", "text": "you really wanted to, you know, and I I"}, {"end": "04:05:40", "start": "04:05:36", "text": "even thought about like if we made a"}, {"end": "04:05:42", "start": "04:05:38", "text": "unicorn, like what would that be like a"}, {"end": "04:05:45", "start": "04:05:40", "text": "narwhal with a horn or is it like more"}, {"end": "04:05:47", "start": "04:05:42", "text": "like a rhino, you know? Is it a horn? Is"}, {"end": "04:05:48", "start": "04:05:45", "text": "it more like a fingernail that just got"}, {"end": "04:05:50", "start": "04:05:47", "text": "really big? Like like how would you do"}, {"end": "04:05:52", "start": "04:05:48", "text": "that with him? Like what a horse's skull"}, {"end": "04:05:53", "start": "04:05:50", "text": "look like to make it like a unicorn? How"}, {"end": "04:05:55", "start": "04:05:52", "text": "would that work? You could probably"}, {"end": "04:05:57", "start": "04:05:53", "text": "figure it out if you're really motivated"}, {"end": "04:05:58", "start": "04:05:55", "text": "to do that. You can make them glow in"}, {"end": "04:06:00", "start": "04:05:57", "text": "the dark, too, if you wanted to. You"}, {"end": "04:06:01", "start": "04:05:58", "text": "know, you can do all kinds of crazy"}, {"end": "04:06:04", "start": "04:06:00", "text": "stuff with these animals. Should you do"}, {"end": "04:06:06", "start": "04:06:01", "text": "it? Who gets to say no? When do they get"}, {"end": "04:06:08", "start": "04:06:04", "text": "to say no? What what conditions do they"}, {"end": "04:06:10", "start": "04:06:06", "text": "get to say no? How do they say no? It's"}, {"end": "04:06:14", "start": "04:06:08", "text": "an interesting thing. Why don't we talk"}, {"end": "04:06:16", "start": "04:06:10", "text": "about that instead of taxes at this rate"}, {"end": "04:06:18", "start": "04:06:14", "text": "or, you know, who gets to use this"}, {"end": "04:06:20", "start": "04:06:16", "text": "bathroom or this thing or that thing?"}, {"end": "04:06:23", "start": "04:06:18", "text": "It's so exhausting. It's like the same"}, {"end": "04:06:25", "start": "04:06:20", "text": "15 15 [\u00a0__\u00a0] conversations again and"}, {"end": "04:06:28", "start": "04:06:23", "text": "again. Meanwhile, the world is moving at"}, {"end": "04:06:29", "start": "04:06:25", "text": "this breakneck, blinding speed, and"}, {"end": "04:06:31", "start": "04:06:28", "text": "we're gaining all these amazing new"}, {"end": "04:06:35", "start": "04:06:29", "text": "capabilities and technologies, and we're"}, {"end": "04:06:37", "start": "04:06:31", "text": "just stuck in the same 15 conversations."}, {"end": "04:06:39", "start": "04:06:35", "text": "It's amazing how bureaucracy can get in"}, {"end": "04:06:44", "start": "04:06:37", "text": "the way, isn't it? Yeah. Also, social"}, {"end": "04:06:44", "start": "04:06:39", "text": "structures, they're due for an upgrade."}, {"end": "04:07:10", "start": "04:07:07", "text": "Saw this building."}, {"end": "04:07:14", "start": "04:07:11", "text": "We're high."}, {"end": "04:07:23", "start": "04:07:19", "text": "[Music]"}, {"end": "04:08:00", "start": "04:07:56", "text": "You know, you have you have some fears"}, {"end": "04:08:04", "start": "04:07:58", "text": "with this though as well. We had talked"}, {"end": "04:08:05", "start": "04:08:00", "text": "about at breakfast um how you have had"}, {"end": "04:08:08", "start": "04:08:04", "text": "some conversations with I believe"}, {"end": "04:08:11", "start": "04:08:05", "text": "senators on how to regulate this kind of"}, {"end": "04:08:13", "start": "04:08:08", "text": "thing and you you had briefly brought up"}, {"end": "04:08:16", "start": "04:08:11", "text": "China's"}, {"end": "04:08:18", "start": "04:08:13", "text": "experimentation program where they're"}, {"end": "04:08:21", "start": "04:08:16", "text": "they're trying to build a super soldier."}, {"end": "04:08:22", "start": "04:08:18", "text": "Yeah. Well, we are too. There's a DARPA"}, {"end": "04:08:24", "start": "04:08:21", "text": "program for it and these things. So,"}, {"end": "04:08:26", "start": "04:08:22", "text": "it's like it's everybody wants a super"}, {"end": "04:08:28", "start": "04:08:24", "text": "soldier, right? And you make them learn"}, {"end": "04:08:30", "start": "04:08:26", "text": "faster. where you you know you find ways"}, {"end": "04:08:31", "start": "04:08:28", "text": "to make them run harder and it's no"}, {"end": "04:08:33", "start": "04:08:30", "text": "different than the Nazis when they were"}, {"end": "04:08:35", "start": "04:08:31", "text": "giving people meth. They had a drug"}, {"end": "04:08:37", "start": "04:08:33", "text": "called pervatin which was meth and they"}, {"end": "04:08:38", "start": "04:08:35", "text": "just they and during blitzkrieg like in"}, {"end": "04:08:40", "start": "04:08:37", "text": "the early days they just gave everybody"}, {"end": "04:08:43", "start": "04:08:38", "text": "tons of meth. So those guys that were"}, {"end": "04:08:45", "start": "04:08:40", "text": "rolling in Poland they were so high and"}, {"end": "04:08:46", "start": "04:08:43", "text": "even Hitler was taking tons of it and"}, {"end": "04:08:48", "start": "04:08:45", "text": "and then they learned only after the"}, {"end": "04:08:50", "start": "04:08:46", "text": "fact that wow there's some really"}, {"end": "04:08:52", "start": "04:08:48", "text": "serious consequences to having like an"}, {"end": "04:08:56", "start": "04:08:50", "text": "entire army of people on meth for a"}, {"end": "04:08:59", "start": "04:08:52", "text": "protracted period of time. So, um, but"}, {"end": "04:09:00", "start": "04:08:56", "text": "militaries seldom, uh, you know, seldom"}, {"end": "04:09:02", "start": "04:08:59", "text": "think of long-term consequences. They"}, {"end": "04:09:04", "start": "04:09:00", "text": "just want to win battles. And, um,"}, {"end": "04:09:05", "start": "04:09:02", "text": "unfortunately, that's an incentives"}, {"end": "04:09:08", "start": "04:09:04", "text": "problem. Again, if you tune a system and"}, {"end": "04:09:11", "start": "04:09:05", "text": "say your objective is to win at any cost"}, {"end": "04:09:14", "start": "04:09:08", "text": "or defeat this very scary adversary, you"}, {"end": "04:09:17", "start": "04:09:11", "text": "will take shortcuts to facilitate that."}, {"end": "04:09:20", "start": "04:09:14", "text": "It is what it is. Uh, we can invade"}, {"end": "04:09:22", "start": "04:09:17", "text": "Japan or we can drop some nukes on them."}, {"end": "04:09:24", "start": "04:09:20", "text": "You know, we invade Japan. MacArthur"}, {"end": "04:09:25", "start": "04:09:22", "text": "will do it. He knows how to do it. He"}, {"end": "04:09:27", "start": "04:09:24", "text": "was pretty good at it. It'll take a year"}, {"end": "04:09:30", "start": "04:09:25", "text": "and it'll kill a million people. We drop"}, {"end": "04:09:32", "start": "04:09:27", "text": "some nukes. Maybe it ends faster. It"}, {"end": "04:09:33", "start": "04:09:30", "text": "also shows the Russians that we have the"}, {"end": "04:09:35", "start": "04:09:32", "text": "nukes. So, you know what? Maybe instead"}, {"end": "04:09:37", "start": "04:09:33", "text": "of having North Japan owned by the"}, {"end": "04:09:38", "start": "04:09:35", "text": "Soviets and South Japan owned by the"}, {"end": "04:09:41", "start": "04:09:37", "text": "Americans, it's one country and we have"}, {"end": "04:09:42", "start": "04:09:38", "text": "total control out of it. That's what"}, {"end": "04:09:44", "start": "04:09:41", "text": "ended up happening. But, you know, you"}, {"end": "04:09:47", "start": "04:09:42", "text": "drop nukes on people. It's pretty"}, {"end": "04:09:50", "start": "04:09:44", "text": "horrible, right? So that's the thing is"}, {"end": "04:09:53", "start": "04:09:47", "text": "like you you know that if you leave"}, {"end": "04:09:55", "start": "04:09:50", "text": "incentives in a particular way people"}, {"end": "04:09:57", "start": "04:09:53", "text": "will naturally abuse the technology. Not"}, {"end": "04:09:58", "start": "04:09:55", "text": "because they're evil and not because"}, {"end": "04:10:00", "start": "04:09:57", "text": "they're horrible monsters and they're"}, {"end": "04:10:02", "start": "04:09:58", "text": "all Dr. Mangalas and things. It's"}, {"end": "04:10:04", "start": "04:10:00", "text": "because their incentive reference is"}, {"end": "04:10:06", "start": "04:10:02", "text": "fundamentally different than what's good"}, {"end": "04:10:07", "start": "04:10:04", "text": "for the commons."}, {"end": "04:10:09", "start": "04:10:06", "text": "And whenever you see a mismatch there"}, {"end": "04:10:12", "start": "04:10:07", "text": "between those two in any system,"}, {"end": "04:10:15", "start": "04:10:09", "text": "financial systems, education systems,"}, {"end": "04:10:17", "start": "04:10:12", "text": "uh, weapons systems, you have to"}, {"end": "04:10:19", "start": "04:10:15", "text": "regulate it a little bit, you have to"}, {"end": "04:10:21", "start": "04:10:17", "text": "put something in there that says, \"Okay,"}, {"end": "04:10:22", "start": "04:10:19", "text": "I have to realign these and force people"}, {"end": "04:10:25", "start": "04:10:21", "text": "to pay attention.\" It's why in"}, {"end": "04:10:27", "start": "04:10:22", "text": "construction, you have the concept of a"}, {"end": "04:10:29", "start": "04:10:25", "text": "building inspector. Because if my"}, {"end": "04:10:31", "start": "04:10:27", "text": "incentive as a builder is to get it done"}, {"end": "04:10:34", "start": "04:10:29", "text": "as cheap as possible, as fast as"}, {"end": "04:10:36", "start": "04:10:31", "text": "possible, and just get my guys out so I"}, {"end": "04:10:38", "start": "04:10:34", "text": "can go build something else, maybe, just"}, {"end": "04:10:40", "start": "04:10:36", "text": "maybe, I don't wire it up correctly. And"}, {"end": "04:10:42", "start": "04:10:38", "text": "if the person buying that is not a"}, {"end": "04:10:45", "start": "04:10:40", "text": "skilled builder, they don't have the the"}, {"end": "04:10:47", "start": "04:10:42", "text": "requisite knowledge to verify that I"}, {"end": "04:10:48", "start": "04:10:45", "text": "didn't do the electrical panel right."}, {"end": "04:10:50", "start": "04:10:47", "text": "So, they're going to sit on a time bomb"}, {"end": "04:10:51", "start": "04:10:48", "text": "and it's going to burn down and kill"}, {"end": "04:10:53", "start": "04:10:50", "text": "them. So, that's why you have a third"}, {"end": "04:10:54", "start": "04:10:51", "text": "party, a building inspector that comes"}, {"end": "04:10:57", "start": "04:10:53", "text": "in and says, \"You didn't wire this"}, {"end": "04:11:00", "start": "04:10:54", "text": "right. you got to go do it again. That's"}, {"end": "04:11:02", "start": "04:10:57", "text": "regulation. It's not always bad. And"}, {"end": "04:11:04", "start": "04:11:00", "text": "synthetic biology is a great example of"}, {"end": "04:11:07", "start": "04:11:02", "text": "that. Our local incentives are one way,"}, {"end": "04:11:09", "start": "04:11:04", "text": "but who's looking out for the long term?"}, {"end": "04:11:11", "start": "04:11:07", "text": "And who's looking out also for the"}, {"end": "04:11:14", "start": "04:11:09", "text": "society scale consequences? Not just of"}, {"end": "04:11:16", "start": "04:11:11", "text": "the nation state, but the world as a"}, {"end": "04:11:18", "start": "04:11:14", "text": "whole and these types of things. Who"}, {"end": "04:11:20", "start": "04:11:16", "text": "speaks for the jellyfish? You know, you"}, {"end": "04:11:22", "start": "04:11:18", "text": "know, so so you have to you have to have"}, {"end": "04:11:24", "start": "04:11:20", "text": "some framework for it. The good news is"}, {"end": "04:11:25", "start": "04:11:22", "text": "that there's a lot of really smart"}, {"end": "04:11:27", "start": "04:11:24", "text": "people that have spent quite a bit of"}, {"end": "04:11:28", "start": "04:11:25", "text": "time trying to think about this. You"}, {"end": "04:11:30", "start": "04:11:27", "text": "just need to give a voice to those"}, {"end": "04:11:32", "start": "04:11:28", "text": "people and bring them up a little bit"}, {"end": "04:11:34", "start": "04:11:30", "text": "and then you create a framework and once"}, {"end": "04:11:36", "start": "04:11:32", "text": "you have that framework in place if it's"}, {"end": "04:11:38", "start": "04:11:34", "text": "a good framework people adopt it"}, {"end": "04:11:39", "start": "04:11:36", "text": "organically and then it becomes a global"}, {"end": "04:11:41", "start": "04:11:38", "text": "regulatory framework. We got this right"}, {"end": "04:11:43", "start": "04:11:39", "text": "with the internet and internet scale"}, {"end": "04:11:45", "start": "04:11:41", "text": "governance. There was a time when the"}, {"end": "04:11:47", "start": "04:11:43", "text": "internet could have been radically"}, {"end": "04:11:49", "start": "04:11:45", "text": "different. We had the NSF AUP and the"}, {"end": "04:11:51", "start": "04:11:47", "text": "acceptable use policy there forbade"}, {"end": "04:11:52", "start": "04:11:49", "text": "e-commerce on the internet, could sell"}, {"end": "04:11:55", "start": "04:11:51", "text": "things on the internet. Think about"}, {"end": "04:11:57", "start": "04:11:52", "text": "that. Then we also had this window of"}, {"end": "04:11:59", "start": "04:11:55", "text": "time where the Department of Justice was"}, {"end": "04:12:01", "start": "04:11:57", "text": "trying to push so that SSL had a back"}, {"end": "04:12:04", "start": "04:11:59", "text": "door in it and all and the US government"}, {"end": "04:12:06", "start": "04:12:01", "text": "could decrypt any website, any any web"}, {"end": "04:12:08", "start": "04:12:04", "text": "traffic, just everybody in the world"}, {"end": "04:12:09", "start": "04:12:06", "text": "would have to have a back door right"}, {"end": "04:12:11", "start": "04:12:08", "text": "there. That's just horrible to really"}, {"end": "04:12:14", "start": "04:12:09", "text": "think about the consequences of that."}, {"end": "04:12:16", "start": "04:12:11", "text": "But luckily we sidestepped it and some"}, {"end": "04:12:18", "start": "04:12:14", "text": "court cases that were very seminal and"}, {"end": "04:12:19", "start": "04:12:16", "text": "some good policy that was very seinal."}, {"end": "04:12:20", "start": "04:12:18", "text": "We were able to get to global scale and"}, {"end": "04:12:22", "start": "04:12:19", "text": "said you know the internet is a global"}, {"end": "04:12:24", "start": "04:12:20", "text": "concern. So it belongs to everybody and"}, {"end": "04:12:27", "start": "04:12:22", "text": "everybody gets to use it. Even the bad"}, {"end": "04:12:28", "start": "04:12:24", "text": "guys like the Russians and the Iranians"}, {"end": "04:12:30", "start": "04:12:27", "text": "and these people they use the same"}, {"end": "04:12:34", "start": "04:12:28", "text": "internet as the United States does and"}, {"end": "04:12:35", "start": "04:12:30", "text": "as China does. Pretty fair. Is it"}, {"end": "04:12:38", "start": "04:12:34", "text": "perfect? No. And are there problems? Of"}, {"end": "04:12:40", "start": "04:12:35", "text": "course. And is it as rosy as I've"}, {"end": "04:12:42", "start": "04:12:38", "text": "pointed out? No. But it it at least"}, {"end": "04:12:44", "start": "04:12:40", "text": "gives you a sense of global coordination"}, {"end": "04:12:46", "start": "04:12:42", "text": "and cooperation at scale. And it's"}, {"end": "04:12:48", "start": "04:12:44", "text": "something that enabled you to do what"}, {"end": "04:12:50", "start": "04:12:46", "text": "you do, what me to do, what I do. If the"}, {"end": "04:12:52", "start": "04:12:48", "text": "internet worked differently, these types"}, {"end": "04:12:54", "start": "04:12:50", "text": "of business models probably wouldn't"}, {"end": "04:12:56", "start": "04:12:52", "text": "have been possible. I don't think"}, {"end": "04:12:57", "start": "04:12:54", "text": "cryptocurrencies would have been so"}, {"end": "04:12:59", "start": "04:12:56", "text": "loved if we had to go and ask for"}, {"end": "04:13:01", "start": "04:12:57", "text": "permission to launch a cryptocurrency or"}, {"end": "04:13:03", "start": "04:12:59", "text": "something or podcasting would be so"}, {"end": "04:13:04", "start": "04:13:01", "text": "loved. If there was a media agency you"}, {"end": "04:13:06", "start": "04:13:03", "text": "had to go to and say, \"Hey, I want to do"}, {"end": "04:13:08", "start": "04:13:04", "text": "this podcast.\" Well, is it approved by"}, {"end": "04:13:09", "start": "04:13:06", "text": "the Ministry of Information? Well, no."}, {"end": "04:13:11", "start": "04:13:08", "text": "Do you have a broadcasting license?"}, {"end": "04:13:13", "start": "04:13:09", "text": "Well, no. I don't. Well, sorry. You just"}, {"end": "04:13:15", "start": "04:13:11", "text": "can't do your podcast, right? But"}, {"end": "04:13:16", "start": "04:13:13", "text": "instead, it's an open platform. So, we"}, {"end": "04:13:18", "start": "04:13:15", "text": "were just able to do whatever the [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "04:13:20", "start": "04:13:16", "text": "we wanted to do. We just launched these"}, {"end": "04:13:22", "start": "04:13:18", "text": "things and it's there. And yet, there"}, {"end": "04:13:25", "start": "04:13:20", "text": "are still rules in that open platform"}, {"end": "04:13:28", "start": "04:13:22", "text": "and there's still consequences if you do"}, {"end": "04:13:29", "start": "04:13:25", "text": "bad things on that open platform. So, I"}, {"end": "04:13:30", "start": "04:13:28", "text": "think there's some middle ground there"}, {"end": "04:13:32", "start": "04:13:29", "text": "when you look at these regulatory"}, {"end": "04:13:33", "start": "04:13:30", "text": "structures. But the first step is to"}, {"end": "04:13:36", "start": "04:13:32", "text": "have a fact-based conversation and say,"}, {"end": "04:13:40", "start": "04:13:33", "text": "well, what could go wrong? And you"}, {"end": "04:13:43", "start": "04:13:36", "text": "regulate systems based upon the"}, {"end": "04:13:45", "start": "04:13:40", "text": "extreme consequences and likely"}, {"end": "04:13:48", "start": "04:13:43", "text": "consequences. So the the matrix of like"}, {"end": "04:13:50", "start": "04:13:45", "text": "high probability you know low impact low"}, {"end": "04:13:52", "start": "04:13:48", "text": "probability high impact that that that"}, {"end": "04:13:54", "start": "04:13:50", "text": "matrix that you put together. So in case"}, {"end": "04:13:56", "start": "04:13:52", "text": "of nuclear weapons we said god these"}, {"end": "04:13:58", "start": "04:13:54", "text": "things are so bad. So they created the"}, {"end": "04:14:00", "start": "04:13:56", "text": "IA and they created a huge regulatory"}, {"end": "04:14:03", "start": "04:13:58", "text": "regime for the entire world. And we"}, {"end": "04:14:06", "start": "04:14:00", "text": "spent the last 70 plus years enforcing"}, {"end": "04:14:07", "start": "04:14:03", "text": "that regime viciously to the extent that"}, {"end": "04:14:09", "start": "04:14:06", "text": "we're willing to go to war with"}, {"end": "04:14:12", "start": "04:14:07", "text": "countries in some cases to prevent them"}, {"end": "04:14:15", "start": "04:14:09", "text": "from getting them. And uh because you"}, {"end": "04:14:18", "start": "04:14:12", "text": "know one rogue actor using these weapons"}, {"end": "04:14:20", "start": "04:14:15", "text": "can literally kill millions of people."}, {"end": "04:14:24", "start": "04:14:18", "text": "That was probably a success as [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "04:14:26", "start": "04:14:20", "text": "shitty as it is. Somehow though, we've"}, {"end": "04:14:27", "start": "04:14:24", "text": "lost the plot in modern era. And what"}, {"end": "04:14:30", "start": "04:14:26", "text": "we've missed with gain of function"}, {"end": "04:14:31", "start": "04:14:27", "text": "research in particular is that a small"}, {"end": "04:14:34", "start": "04:14:30", "text": "group of people can actually kill more"}, {"end": "04:14:36", "start": "04:14:31", "text": "people than nuclear weapons. And there's"}, {"end": "04:14:38", "start": "04:14:34", "text": "almost no global regulatory regime at"}, {"end": "04:14:41", "start": "04:14:36", "text": "the moment or discussion about it. The"}, {"end": "04:14:43", "start": "04:14:38", "text": "real tragedy of Wuhan wasn't a virus"}, {"end": "04:14:44", "start": "04:14:41", "text": "leaking from a lab if it did. The real"}, {"end": "04:14:46", "start": "04:14:43", "text": "tragedy of Wuhan was it didn't start an"}, {"end": "04:14:48", "start": "04:14:44", "text": "international conversation of well,"}, {"end": "04:14:51", "start": "04:14:46", "text": "let's play the hypothetical. Let's say"}, {"end": "04:14:53", "start": "04:14:48", "text": "it was engineered in a lab. All these"}, {"end": "04:14:56", "start": "04:14:51", "text": "people died. The whole world shut down."}, {"end": "04:14:59", "start": "04:14:53", "text": "How many people work for Dr. Shei? 10,"}, {"end": "04:15:01", "start": "04:14:56", "text": "15, 20. Can you imagine 20 people"}, {"end": "04:15:04", "start": "04:14:59", "text": "shutting down the Wendy's across the"}, {"end": "04:15:05", "start": "04:15:01", "text": "street from your [\u00a0__\u00a0] apartment? 20"}, {"end": "04:15:07", "start": "04:15:04", "text": "people living in China. That's the"}, {"end": "04:15:09", "start": "04:15:05", "text": "butterfly effect, man. Butterfly flaps"}, {"end": "04:15:12", "start": "04:15:07", "text": "that swings here causes a tsunami in"}, {"end": "04:15:14", "start": "04:15:09", "text": "Japan. It's It's just an extraordinary"}, {"end": "04:15:16", "start": "04:15:12", "text": "thought. So, everybody should be like,"}, {"end": "04:15:18", "start": "04:15:14", "text": "\"Yeah, that should never happen again."}, {"end": "04:15:19", "start": "04:15:16", "text": "we really need to talk about this cuz"}, {"end": "04:15:22", "start": "04:15:18", "text": "like"}, {"end": "04:15:24", "start": "04:15:19", "text": "somebody's going to do that somewhere"}, {"end": "04:15:26", "start": "04:15:22", "text": "and there's a lot of crazy people out"}, {"end": "04:15:28", "start": "04:15:24", "text": "there that are deranged and they might"}, {"end": "04:15:30", "start": "04:15:26", "text": "like be really angry and just decide"}, {"end": "04:15:32", "start": "04:15:28", "text": "that they need to separate the wheat"}, {"end": "04:15:33", "start": "04:15:30", "text": "from the chaft and like eradicate all of"}, {"end": "04:15:35", "start": "04:15:32", "text": "humanity and they're the chosen"}, {"end": "04:15:36", "start": "04:15:33", "text": "survivors and things like that. It"}, {"end": "04:15:40", "start": "04:15:35", "text": "doesn't take a lot to get that Jim"}, {"end": "04:15:41", "start": "04:15:36", "text": "Jonesiness inside, right? So maybe we"}, {"end": "04:15:42", "start": "04:15:40", "text": "should talk about an international"}, {"end": "04:15:44", "start": "04:15:41", "text": "regulatory regime. No, it was it didn't"}, {"end": "04:15:45", "start": "04:15:42", "text": "happen. Completely forget about it. Uh"}, {"end": "04:15:47", "start": "04:15:44", "text": "don't look over here. Oh, and by the"}, {"end": "04:15:49", "start": "04:15:45", "text": "way, we're actually doing it in Boston"}, {"end": "04:15:50", "start": "04:15:47", "text": "University and all these other places."}, {"end": "04:15:52", "start": "04:15:49", "text": "We have these labs that we built and you"}, {"end": "04:15:54", "start": "04:15:50", "text": "know, they're playing around with it and"}, {"end": "04:15:55", "start": "04:15:52", "text": "you'll see like a press relief. Oh,"}, {"end": "04:15:57", "start": "04:15:54", "text": "yeah. We designed a new aven flu that's"}, {"end": "04:15:59", "start": "04:15:55", "text": "human transmissible and 50% fatal or"}, {"end": "04:16:01", "start": "04:15:57", "text": "something like that. So, when I talk"}, {"end": "04:16:04", "start": "04:15:59", "text": "about a regulatory structure, I'm like,"}, {"end": "04:16:05", "start": "04:16:01", "text": "well, let's start there as a fact-based"}, {"end": "04:16:08", "start": "04:16:04", "text": "conversation and say, what are the"}, {"end": "04:16:11", "start": "04:16:05", "text": "consequences? and analogously in his the"}, {"end": "04:16:13", "start": "04:16:08", "text": "lens of history when and where did we"}, {"end": "04:16:15", "start": "04:16:11", "text": "regulate these things and how did we"}, {"end": "04:16:18", "start": "04:16:13", "text": "regulate these things as a global"}, {"end": "04:16:20", "start": "04:16:15", "text": "commons and what's really cool is these"}, {"end": "04:16:21", "start": "04:16:18", "text": "are the very few places where we"}, {"end": "04:16:24", "start": "04:16:20", "text": "actually can have a meaningful"}, {"end": "04:16:26", "start": "04:16:21", "text": "conversation with China and Russia and"}, {"end": "04:16:27", "start": "04:16:24", "text": "all these other countries is you"}, {"end": "04:16:29", "start": "04:16:26", "text": "separate the languages and the"}, {"end": "04:16:31", "start": "04:16:27", "text": "geopolitics and all these other things"}, {"end": "04:16:34", "start": "04:16:29", "text": "I'm pretty sure that a person living in"}, {"end": "04:16:37", "start": "04:16:31", "text": "China is just as scared dying from a"}, {"end": "04:16:39", "start": "04:16:34", "text": "nuclear weapon or a synthetic biology"}, {"end": "04:16:42", "start": "04:16:37", "text": "virus as an American would be or a"}, {"end": "04:16:44", "start": "04:16:39", "text": "Russian would be. You know, they may"}, {"end": "04:16:45", "start": "04:16:42", "text": "want that to happen to us but not happen"}, {"end": "04:16:48", "start": "04:16:44", "text": "to them. But what we learned with"}, {"end": "04:16:52", "start": "04:16:45", "text": "nuclear weapons is there's no if or"}, {"end": "04:16:53", "start": "04:16:48", "text": "other. It was all everybody suffers. The"}, {"end": "04:16:55", "start": "04:16:52", "text": "whole concept of mutually assured"}, {"end": "04:16:57", "start": "04:16:53", "text": "destruction. So in all these mad"}, {"end": "04:17:00", "start": "04:16:55", "text": "category things, there's there's a path"}, {"end": "04:17:02", "start": "04:16:57", "text": "to basically uh to get get cooperation."}, {"end": "04:17:04", "start": "04:17:00", "text": "And what's nice is then you at least"}, {"end": "04:17:05", "start": "04:17:02", "text": "have dialogue. And once you're talking"}, {"end": "04:17:07", "start": "04:17:04", "text": "with people, then you can build rapport."}, {"end": "04:17:09", "start": "04:17:05", "text": "And once you build rapport, maybe, just"}, {"end": "04:17:10", "start": "04:17:07", "text": "maybe, you can actually start agreeing"}, {"end": "04:17:12", "start": "04:17:09", "text": "on more things than just the things that"}, {"end": "04:17:16", "start": "04:17:10", "text": "kill everybody. And you start getting to"}, {"end": "04:17:16", "start": "04:17:12", "text": "a world that's more peaceful."}, {"end": "04:17:28", "start": "04:17:20", "text": "Let's move into the bullet ants. Ah,"}, {"end": "04:17:30", "start": "04:17:25", "text": "what was that?"}, {"end": "04:17:32", "start": "04:17:28", "text": "Well, you know, everybody's got rights"}, {"end": "04:17:34", "start": "04:17:30", "text": "of passage. And the problem with America"}, {"end": "04:17:37", "start": "04:17:32", "text": "in the non-military traditions is we let"}, {"end": "04:17:38", "start": "04:17:34", "text": "them go. Um, you know, so you were a"}, {"end": "04:17:40", "start": "04:17:37", "text": "Navy Seal, so you have buds. It's a"}, {"end": "04:17:41", "start": "04:17:38", "text": "right of passage. You go through"}, {"end": "04:17:43", "start": "04:17:40", "text": "something. It's it's [\u00a0__\u00a0] It's"}, {"end": "04:17:45", "start": "04:17:41", "text": "horrible. And you know, every it's"}, {"end": "04:17:48", "start": "04:17:43", "text": "really scary, but right of passage has"}, {"end": "04:17:49", "start": "04:17:45", "text": "three properties. First, when you hear"}, {"end": "04:17:51", "start": "04:17:48", "text": "about it, you're like, nobody wants to"}, {"end": "04:17:53", "start": "04:17:49", "text": "do it. It sounds like the worst thing in"}, {"end": "04:17:55", "start": "04:17:51", "text": "the world. Um, two, it's really"}, {"end": "04:17:57", "start": "04:17:53", "text": "survivable. You if right of passage has"}, {"end": "04:17:59", "start": "04:17:55", "text": "a high probability of killing you, it's"}, {"end": "04:18:00", "start": "04:17:57", "text": "not a really good right of passage. the"}, {"end": "04:18:02", "start": "04:17:59", "text": "vast majority of people, whether they"}, {"end": "04:18:04", "start": "04:18:00", "text": "fail or succeed, they should be able to"}, {"end": "04:18:08", "start": "04:18:02", "text": "come out the other side unscathed. Um,"}, {"end": "04:18:10", "start": "04:18:04", "text": "and then three, it's a unifying thing."}, {"end": "04:18:11", "start": "04:18:08", "text": "So, everybody who goes through it, they"}, {"end": "04:18:14", "start": "04:18:10", "text": "have a bond now. They're connected to"}, {"end": "04:18:16", "start": "04:18:11", "text": "that thing. That's like no matter if"}, {"end": "04:18:18", "start": "04:18:14", "text": "you're from a different country and"}, {"end": "04:18:19", "start": "04:18:16", "text": "speak a different language, you both go"}, {"end": "04:18:21", "start": "04:18:18", "text": "through that thing. You just you're"}, {"end": "04:18:24", "start": "04:18:19", "text": "like, he's my brother now. We're we're"}, {"end": "04:18:27", "start": "04:18:21", "text": "together in this thing. So, I'm always"}, {"end": "04:18:28", "start": "04:18:24", "text": "fascinating where and when you find"}, {"end": "04:18:31", "start": "04:18:27", "text": "these things. And the bullet ant ritual"}, {"end": "04:18:33", "start": "04:18:28", "text": "was like the perfect right of passage."}, {"end": "04:18:34", "start": "04:18:31", "text": "First off, you have these ants and"}, {"end": "04:18:36", "start": "04:18:33", "text": "they're not small, they're like this"}, {"end": "04:18:38", "start": "04:18:34", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] big. I think you saw the video"}, {"end": "04:18:39", "start": "04:18:36", "text": "and they're like they're huge and"}, {"end": "04:18:40", "start": "04:18:38", "text": "they're terrifying when you look at"}, {"end": "04:18:42", "start": "04:18:39", "text": "them. You're like, \"Holy God, their"}, {"end": "04:18:44", "start": "04:18:40", "text": "stingers are huge, too.\" And they have a"}, {"end": "04:18:46", "start": "04:18:42", "text": "neural toxin. And so I, you know, I own"}, {"end": "04:18:48", "start": "04:18:44", "text": "a clinic and so I I talked to my"}, {"end": "04:18:50", "start": "04:18:46", "text": "allergist and I I even hired a"}, {"end": "04:18:51", "start": "04:18:48", "text": "microcologist, like a an enthmologist"}, {"end": "04:18:53", "start": "04:18:50", "text": "that studies ants. And I said, \"Like,"}, {"end": "04:18:56", "start": "04:18:51", "text": "like, tell me about this neural toxin.\""}, {"end": "04:18:59", "start": "04:18:53", "text": "And they're like, \"Well, it's really"}, {"end": "04:19:01", "start": "04:18:56", "text": "painful.\" I was like, like, like, \"No,"}, {"end": "04:19:03", "start": "04:18:59", "text": "really?\" Like, \"No, it feels like you're"}, {"end": "04:19:04", "start": "04:19:01", "text": "on fire. It's [\u00a0__\u00a0] terrible.\" And I"}, {"end": "04:19:07", "start": "04:19:03", "text": "said, \"Okay, well, will it kill me?\" And"}, {"end": "04:19:08", "start": "04:19:04", "text": "they say, \"No, it's actually weird. It's"}, {"end": "04:19:11", "start": "04:19:07", "text": "designed not to kill you. It just makes"}, {"end": "04:19:13", "start": "04:19:08", "text": "it hurt like hell and it incapacitates"}, {"end": "04:19:15", "start": "04:19:11", "text": "you for a bit, but then the next day"}, {"end": "04:19:18", "start": "04:19:13", "text": "it's like nothing happened.\""}, {"end": "04:19:22", "start": "04:19:15", "text": "That's interesting. So, it's terrifying"}, {"end": "04:19:24", "start": "04:19:18", "text": "and the pain is indescribably bad. And"}, {"end": "04:19:26", "start": "04:19:22", "text": "the entire ritual when we went and found"}, {"end": "04:19:28", "start": "04:19:24", "text": "the Satary Mawe tribe, first we had to"}, {"end": "04:19:30", "start": "04:19:26", "text": "send an advance out there and we sent"}, {"end": "04:19:31", "start": "04:19:28", "text": "these two guys down there. Well, one guy"}, {"end": "04:19:34", "start": "04:19:30", "text": "was a J-sock guy and the other guy was"}, {"end": "04:19:36", "start": "04:19:31", "text": "75th guy. And of course, the 75th guy,"}, {"end": "04:19:39", "start": "04:19:34", "text": "he he hit on the chieftain's daughter"}, {"end": "04:19:42", "start": "04:19:36", "text": "and nearly created a hole probably like,"}, {"end": "04:19:44", "start": "04:19:39", "text": "\"Let's go Ricky Ranger.\" Um, but uh but"}, {"end": "04:19:46", "start": "04:19:42", "text": "anyway, that was great. But anyway, they"}, {"end": "04:19:47", "start": "04:19:44", "text": "build rapport with the tribe and the"}, {"end": "04:19:49", "start": "04:19:46", "text": "tribe's like, \"Okay, we kind of like you"}, {"end": "04:19:50", "start": "04:19:47", "text": "guys. All right. Yeah. All right, you"}, {"end": "04:19:52", "start": "04:19:49", "text": "can do the ritual.\" So they said, \"Come"}, {"end": "04:19:54", "start": "04:19:50", "text": "by and you know this time and you know"}, {"end": "04:19:55", "start": "04:19:52", "text": "we'll set it all up and we'll we'll have"}, {"end": "04:19:57", "start": "04:19:54", "text": "you actually go through it.\" So then we"}, {"end": "04:19:58", "start": "04:19:55", "text": "had to figure out like how to get to"}, {"end": "04:20:00", "start": "04:19:57", "text": "them. So we had to sail up the Amazon"}, {"end": "04:20:01", "start": "04:19:58", "text": "River. We rented a boat and then we went"}, {"end": "04:20:03", "start": "04:20:00", "text": "to the tribe and they were incredibly"}, {"end": "04:20:05", "start": "04:20:01", "text": "hospitable, but you could tell that it"}, {"end": "04:20:07", "start": "04:20:03", "text": "was a psychological game as much as it"}, {"end": "04:20:09", "start": "04:20:05", "text": "was a physical game. So everything they"}, {"end": "04:20:11", "start": "04:20:07", "text": "did was just to [\u00a0__\u00a0] with you and just"}, {"end": "04:20:13", "start": "04:20:09", "text": "make you not want to do it. They're"}, {"end": "04:20:15", "start": "04:20:11", "text": "like, \"All right, let's let's go collect"}, {"end": "04:20:16", "start": "04:20:13", "text": "the ants.\" And and so you first you go"}, {"end": "04:20:18", "start": "04:20:15", "text": "and collect the ants. You see all these"}, {"end": "04:20:19", "start": "04:20:16", "text": "ants are climbing. And actually the way"}, {"end": "04:20:21", "start": "04:20:18", "text": "you collect them, it's not really safe."}, {"end": "04:20:22", "start": "04:20:19", "text": "You know, you're trying to get them into"}, {"end": "04:20:24", "start": "04:20:21", "text": "that damn tube and while you're doing"}, {"end": "04:20:26", "start": "04:20:22", "text": "it, they sting you and things like that."}, {"end": "04:20:28", "start": "04:20:24", "text": "And and you feel the insane pain, but"}, {"end": "04:20:29", "start": "04:20:26", "text": "it's only one sting. Remember, you put"}, {"end": "04:20:30", "start": "04:20:28", "text": "your hands in a glove for like 10"}, {"end": "04:20:32", "start": "04:20:29", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] minutes and they're stinging"}, {"end": "04:20:33", "start": "04:20:30", "text": "you, stinging, stinging you. So you're"}, {"end": "04:20:35", "start": "04:20:32", "text": "thinking, \"God, if it hurts this much,"}, {"end": "04:20:38", "start": "04:20:33", "text": "this one sting, what will 1,000 stings"}, {"end": "04:20:40", "start": "04:20:35", "text": "feel like? This is so bad.\" So then you"}, {"end": "04:20:42", "start": "04:20:38", "text": "do that. Then they're like, \"Okay, well,"}, {"end": "04:20:44", "start": "04:20:40", "text": "we got to like like make the bullet ant"}, {"end": "04:20:46", "start": "04:20:42", "text": "clubs.\" So you have to go find these"}, {"end": "04:20:48", "start": "04:20:44", "text": "weird leaves and then you grind them up"}, {"end": "04:20:50", "start": "04:20:46", "text": "and you put them in water and it acts as"}, {"end": "04:20:52", "start": "04:20:48", "text": "a seditive. So you pour the ant tube and"}, {"end": "04:20:54", "start": "04:20:50", "text": "all the ants go inside the water and the"}, {"end": "04:20:56", "start": "04:20:52", "text": "ants go to sleep and then you grab the"}, {"end": "04:20:59", "start": "04:20:54", "text": "ants and uh and you you one by one put"}, {"end": "04:21:01", "start": "04:20:56", "text": "them into the glove, you know, and"}, {"end": "04:21:03", "start": "04:20:59", "text": "getting them in there, you know, and"}, {"end": "04:21:05", "start": "04:21:01", "text": "it's a whole process. And of course the"}, {"end": "04:21:07", "start": "04:21:03", "text": "ants are not fully sedated. So they wake"}, {"end": "04:21:08", "start": "04:21:05", "text": "up and as you're putting them in the"}, {"end": "04:21:10", "start": "04:21:07", "text": "glove, at least one of them is going to"}, {"end": "04:21:11", "start": "04:21:08", "text": "sting. So you feel that pain, it's like"}, {"end": "04:21:13", "start": "04:21:10", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] So then after you have all the"}, {"end": "04:21:14", "start": "04:21:11", "text": "ants in the gloves, you put them on."}, {"end": "04:21:15", "start": "04:21:13", "text": "They're like, \"Hey, let's go to lunch.\""}, {"end": "04:21:16", "start": "04:21:14", "text": "You're like, \"What the [\u00a0__\u00a0] are you"}, {"end": "04:21:19", "start": "04:21:15", "text": "talking about? I don't I don't want to"}, {"end": "04:21:20", "start": "04:21:16", "text": "eat lunch. Come on, man. I just want to"}, {"end": "04:21:22", "start": "04:21:19", "text": "get this over with.\" They're like, \"No,"}, {"end": "04:21:23", "start": "04:21:20", "text": "no, no. Let's go eat lunch. We got some"}, {"end": "04:21:24", "start": "04:21:22", "text": "fish for you. You guys are going to like"}, {"end": "04:21:27", "start": "04:21:23", "text": "this.\" Like, \"All right, jungle"}, {"end": "04:21:30", "start": "04:21:24", "text": "parasites are great. Let's do it.\" So,"}, {"end": "04:21:31", "start": "04:21:27", "text": "so we go we go and we get uh we eat the"}, {"end": "04:21:33", "start": "04:21:30", "text": "fish and nobody really wants to eat and"}, {"end": "04:21:34", "start": "04:21:31", "text": "we're all looking at each other like,"}, {"end": "04:21:35", "start": "04:21:33", "text": "\"What the hell have we gotten ourselves"}, {"end": "04:21:37", "start": "04:21:34", "text": "into?\" And he's like, \"All right, all"}, {"end": "04:21:39", "start": "04:21:35", "text": "right guys, it's meditation time. you"}, {"end": "04:21:40", "start": "04:21:37", "text": "just go off for an hour, [\u00a0__\u00a0] off, and"}, {"end": "04:21:42", "start": "04:21:39", "text": "just like think about what you've"}, {"end": "04:21:44", "start": "04:21:40", "text": "decided to commit yourself to. So, we're"}, {"end": "04:21:46", "start": "04:21:42", "text": "all just sitting there like, \"What is"}, {"end": "04:21:48", "start": "04:21:44", "text": "going on?\" And we're and our hands hurt"}, {"end": "04:21:50", "start": "04:21:46", "text": "like hell because the ants have already"}, {"end": "04:21:52", "start": "04:21:48", "text": "stung us a few times and things like"}, {"end": "04:21:53", "start": "04:21:50", "text": "that. And we're just like, \"Ah, this is"}, {"end": "04:21:55", "start": "04:21:52", "text": "horrible. I just want to get this over"}, {"end": "04:21:58", "start": "04:21:53", "text": "with.\" And like, well, you can leave it"}, {"end": "04:22:00", "start": "04:21:55", "text": "anytime if you want. Like, no, I came to"}, {"end": "04:22:02", "start": "04:21:58", "text": "the Amazon, godamn it. We're gonna we're"}, {"end": "04:22:04", "start": "04:22:00", "text": "gonna we're gonna do the [\u00a0__\u00a0] hands."}, {"end": "04:22:06", "start": "04:22:02", "text": "So, it's called the Tucandera is the"}, {"end": "04:22:08", "start": "04:22:04", "text": "name of the ritual. Um, so, so anyway,"}, {"end": "04:22:10", "start": "04:22:06", "text": "then finally you get in your underwear,"}, {"end": "04:22:12", "start": "04:22:08", "text": "you know, or your shorts and they paint"}, {"end": "04:22:14", "start": "04:22:10", "text": "you. So you go out there and the shaman"}, {"end": "04:22:16", "start": "04:22:12", "text": "comes over and paint your hands black"}, {"end": "04:22:17", "start": "04:22:14", "text": "cuz your hands get really messed up"}, {"end": "04:22:19", "start": "04:22:16", "text": "after they bite it. So you know, you"}, {"end": "04:22:20", "start": "04:22:17", "text": "don't really want to see how messed up"}, {"end": "04:22:22", "start": "04:22:19", "text": "they are. So you know, they paint it"}, {"end": "04:22:24", "start": "04:22:20", "text": "black. Maybe that solves the problem."}, {"end": "04:22:26", "start": "04:22:22", "text": "And then uh they start dancing uh and"}, {"end": "04:22:28", "start": "04:22:24", "text": "then after they dance, they say, \"All"}, {"end": "04:22:30", "start": "04:22:26", "text": "right, you ready?\" So you go up there"}, {"end": "04:22:32", "start": "04:22:28", "text": "and you"}, {"end": "04:22:35", "start": "04:22:30", "text": "put your arms up and uh then they put"}, {"end": "04:22:38", "start": "04:22:32", "text": "the gloves on. And what it feels like is"}, {"end": "04:22:41", "start": "04:22:35", "text": "a uh sewing machine with a hot needle"}, {"end": "04:22:42", "start": "04:22:38", "text": "just going"}, {"end": "04:22:44", "start": "04:22:41", "text": "and there's ants all in the thing. So"}, {"end": "04:22:46", "start": "04:22:42", "text": "that their heads are out but their butts"}, {"end": "04:22:47", "start": "04:22:44", "text": "are woven in and they just sting you"}, {"end": "04:22:50", "start": "04:22:46", "text": "like this you know it's like a stinging"}, {"end": "04:22:52", "start": "04:22:47", "text": "machine both hands. So two sewing"}, {"end": "04:22:56", "start": "04:22:50", "text": "machines going like multiple needles you"}, {"end": "04:22:57", "start": "04:22:52", "text": "know and you're just like [\u00a0__\u00a0] So I"}, {"end": "04:22:58", "start": "04:22:56", "text": "knew the internet was going to watch"}, {"end": "04:23:00", "start": "04:22:57", "text": "because we recorded it. So I was like I"}, {"end": "04:23:02", "start": "04:22:58", "text": "got to be a stoic [\u00a0__\u00a0] for this"}, {"end": "04:23:03", "start": "04:23:00", "text": "whole thing. So, so I was, if you see"}, {"end": "04:23:05", "start": "04:23:02", "text": "the video, I'm all like, \"Yeah, but that"}, {"end": "04:23:07", "start": "04:23:03", "text": "uh that that ranger guy that went"}, {"end": "04:23:10", "start": "04:23:05", "text": "witness, you could see his face. He's"}, {"end": "04:23:11", "start": "04:23:07", "text": "just like, it was just great.\" But how I"}, {"end": "04:23:14", "start": "04:23:10", "text": "trained for it was that I bought these"}, {"end": "04:23:16", "start": "04:23:11", "text": "shockti boards, these nail boards uh in"}, {"end": "04:23:18", "start": "04:23:14", "text": "in the office. So, they're like wooden"}, {"end": "04:23:20", "start": "04:23:16", "text": "boards and they have nails sticking out"}, {"end": "04:23:22", "start": "04:23:18", "text": "and I would step on the nails for 10"}, {"end": "04:23:24", "start": "04:23:20", "text": "minutes and just stand on these these"}, {"end": "04:23:27", "start": "04:23:22", "text": "nail boards and they have like beginner,"}, {"end": "04:23:29", "start": "04:23:24", "text": "medium, hard, juicy, and so like uh you"}, {"end": "04:23:30", "start": "04:23:27", "text": "know, and it's just how many nails are"}, {"end": "04:23:32", "start": "04:23:29", "text": "there. So the beginner ones have lots of"}, {"end": "04:23:34", "start": "04:23:30", "text": "nails, so there's a lot of surface area"}, {"end": "04:23:36", "start": "04:23:32", "text": "for the nails. So it's it's like a bed"}, {"end": "04:23:37", "start": "04:23:34", "text": "of nails. You can stand on it. But then"}, {"end": "04:23:39", "start": "04:23:36", "text": "as you get to like the more aggressive"}, {"end": "04:23:40", "start": "04:23:37", "text": "ones, there's fewer and fewer nails. So"}, {"end": "04:23:43", "start": "04:23:39", "text": "they get deeper into your feet and it"}, {"end": "04:23:45", "start": "04:23:40", "text": "hurts like hell. So I I took all these"}, {"end": "04:23:47", "start": "04:23:43", "text": "uh autohypnosis courses where you can"}, {"end": "04:23:49", "start": "04:23:45", "text": "use like hypnosis for pain management,"}, {"end": "04:23:51", "start": "04:23:47", "text": "kind of hypnotize yourself not to feel"}, {"end": "04:23:53", "start": "04:23:49", "text": "pain. So I said, \"Okay, I'm going to do"}, {"end": "04:23:55", "start": "04:23:51", "text": "the auto hypnosis. I'll stand on the"}, {"end": "04:23:56", "start": "04:23:53", "text": "nailboards. I'll start in beginner and"}, {"end": "04:23:58", "start": "04:23:55", "text": "I'll keep going till I can deal with"}, {"end": "04:23:59", "start": "04:23:56", "text": "that. Then I'll go to the medium. Then"}, {"end": "04:24:01", "start": "04:23:58", "text": "I'll go to the hard. then I'll go to"}, {"end": "04:24:03", "start": "04:23:59", "text": "this juicy. And I did for a whole year"}, {"end": "04:24:05", "start": "04:24:01", "text": "like every day, you know, at lunchtime,"}, {"end": "04:24:08", "start": "04:24:03", "text": "I go and stand on the nailboards and uh"}, {"end": "04:24:10", "start": "04:24:05", "text": "and do this whole thing and like, man,"}, {"end": "04:24:11", "start": "04:24:08", "text": "this sucks. Man, this sucks. But then I"}, {"end": "04:24:14", "start": "04:24:10", "text": "got better at like dealing with that"}, {"end": "04:24:15", "start": "04:24:11", "text": "immediate pain to a point where like you"}, {"end": "04:24:17", "start": "04:24:14", "text": "can stab me for 10 minutes straight. I"}, {"end": "04:24:19", "start": "04:24:15", "text": "It doesn't [\u00a0__\u00a0] matter anymore. I'm"}, {"end": "04:24:21", "start": "04:24:17", "text": "good. So when I had my hands in the"}, {"end": "04:24:23", "start": "04:24:19", "text": "gloves, I was like, it's not bad. This"}, {"end": "04:24:25", "start": "04:24:21", "text": "is good. This is good. Here's the"}, {"end": "04:24:27", "start": "04:24:23", "text": "problem. It's a neural toxin. It's just"}, {"end": "04:24:29", "start": "04:24:25", "text": "the stupid thing, you know, like uh the"}, {"end": "04:24:32", "start": "04:24:27", "text": "Robert Downey Jr. yelling at me in"}, {"end": "04:24:35", "start": "04:24:29", "text": "Tropic Thunder. Um"}, {"end": "04:24:36", "start": "04:24:32", "text": "it's it's like, okay, the hard part is"}, {"end": "04:24:38", "start": "04:24:35", "text": "not being stung. The hard part is when"}, {"end": "04:24:41", "start": "04:24:36", "text": "the neural toxin kicks in. It's like"}, {"end": "04:24:44", "start": "04:24:38", "text": "rolling fire. It starts coming up your"}, {"end": "04:24:46", "start": "04:24:41", "text": "arm and it takes hours for it to take"}, {"end": "04:24:48", "start": "04:24:44", "text": "fully effect and goes all the way up"}, {"end": "04:24:50", "start": "04:24:46", "text": "your arm, goes into your chest, goes"}, {"end": "04:24:53", "start": "04:24:48", "text": "into your face, the tip of your dick,"}, {"end": "04:24:56", "start": "04:24:50", "text": "your toes, your head, everything,"}, {"end": "04:25:01", "start": "04:24:53", "text": "everything. And it's like a throb. So on"}, {"end": "04:25:04", "start": "04:24:56", "text": "fire, not on fire, on fire, not on fire."}, {"end": "04:25:07", "start": "04:25:01", "text": "So we're all back at the boat with these"}, {"end": "04:25:08", "start": "04:25:04", "text": "guys like Rangers, 18 Deltas, all this"}, {"end": "04:25:10", "start": "04:25:07", "text": "stuff. And I'm just looking at them."}, {"end": "04:25:14", "start": "04:25:08", "text": "They're looking at me. They're like,"}, {"end": "04:25:15", "start": "04:25:10", "text": "\"Boss, you got some [\u00a0__\u00a0] up ideas.\""}, {"end": "04:25:18", "start": "04:25:14", "text": "They were like, \"We getting drunk?\" It's"}, {"end": "04:25:21", "start": "04:25:15", "text": "like, \"We're getting drunk.\" So we just"}, {"end": "04:25:23", "start": "04:25:18", "text": "started drinking and and uh and we were"}, {"end": "04:25:25", "start": "04:25:21", "text": "just we were just in hell. Um the first"}, {"end": "04:25:27", "start": "04:25:23", "text": "6 hours it just cuz the other [\u00a0__\u00a0] up"}, {"end": "04:25:28", "start": "04:25:25", "text": "thing is it doesn't stop. You know"}, {"end": "04:25:30", "start": "04:25:27", "text": "normally like you reach a peak and"}, {"end": "04:25:32", "start": "04:25:28", "text": "you're like okay okay now it's getting"}, {"end": "04:25:34", "start": "04:25:30", "text": "better. First hour oh god this is bad"}, {"end": "04:25:36", "start": "04:25:32", "text": "and the next hour like oh it's even"}, {"end": "04:25:38", "start": "04:25:34", "text": "worse and like the next hour oh god it's"}, {"end": "04:25:39", "start": "04:25:36", "text": "so bad. It just keeps building and"}, {"end": "04:25:42", "start": "04:25:38", "text": "building and building and building and"}, {"end": "04:25:45", "start": "04:25:39", "text": "it took 6 hours for it to reach its"}, {"end": "04:25:47", "start": "04:25:42", "text": "peak. Damn. And we had a PJ with us and"}, {"end": "04:25:50", "start": "04:25:45", "text": "uh and he he was also a PA. Uh, so after"}, {"end": "04:25:52", "start": "04:25:47", "text": "he got out of PJ, he became a PA. And so"}, {"end": "04:25:54", "start": "04:25:50", "text": "he was kind of like our our guy to make"}, {"end": "04:25:55", "start": "04:25:52", "text": "sure we didn't die. And so he'd check"}, {"end": "04:25:57", "start": "04:25:54", "text": "our vitals every hour. And we kept an"}, {"end": "04:26:00", "start": "04:25:55", "text": "index on pain. He's like, \"How you"}, {"end": "04:26:02", "start": "04:25:57", "text": "doing? How you doing?\" Out of six. How"}, {"end": "04:26:03", "start": "04:26:00", "text": "about now? At a seven. What about now?"}, {"end": "04:26:07", "start": "04:26:02", "text": "It's getting there to eight. Like what"}, {"end": "04:26:08", "start": "04:26:03", "text": "about now? It's a nine. And it just got"}, {"end": "04:26:10", "start": "04:26:07", "text": "worse and worse and worse. And"}, {"end": "04:26:11", "start": "04:26:08", "text": "eventually at 6 hours of like, okay, I"}, {"end": "04:26:12", "start": "04:26:10", "text": "think this is as bad as it's going to"}, {"end": "04:26:14", "start": "04:26:11", "text": "get cuz I thought I think I'm going to"}, {"end": "04:26:16", "start": "04:26:12", "text": "die if it gets any worse than this. But"}, {"end": "04:26:19", "start": "04:26:14", "text": "then, you know, it it got better"}, {"end": "04:26:20", "start": "04:26:16", "text": "gradually, like a long tail. It took 24"}, {"end": "04:26:22", "start": "04:26:19", "text": "hours for the whole [\u00a0__\u00a0] thing to"}, {"end": "04:26:25", "start": "04:26:20", "text": "wear off. But here's the craziest part."}, {"end": "04:26:27", "start": "04:26:22", "text": "The next day, woke up, no pain, and I"}, {"end": "04:26:29", "start": "04:26:25", "text": "could move my hands and do the whole"}, {"end": "04:26:31", "start": "04:26:27", "text": "thing. And like the the only thing that"}, {"end": "04:26:32", "start": "04:26:29", "text": "was there for a while was the black ink"}, {"end": "04:26:34", "start": "04:26:31", "text": "that they used. It was about two weeks"}, {"end": "04:26:36", "start": "04:26:32", "text": "on the No kidding. Yeah. Yeah. So, so"}, {"end": "04:26:37", "start": "04:26:34", "text": "that's the perfect right of passage"}, {"end": "04:26:38", "start": "04:26:36", "text": "right there. If you could bottle that"}, {"end": "04:26:41", "start": "04:26:37", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] and do it to every high school"}, {"end": "04:26:43", "start": "04:26:38", "text": "student, you That's great. And uh you do"}, {"end": "04:26:45", "start": "04:26:41", "text": "it again. Oh, yeah. Uh, you know, they"}, {"end": "04:26:47", "start": "04:26:43", "text": "do it 20 times. Are you really? Yeah."}, {"end": "04:26:48", "start": "04:26:45", "text": "Yeah, they do it 20 times. 20 times. 20"}, {"end": "04:26:50", "start": "04:26:47", "text": "times. It's like right of passage. So,"}, {"end": "04:26:52", "start": "04:26:48", "text": "they have to do it again and again and"}, {"end": "04:26:53", "start": "04:26:50", "text": "again and again. But, uh, and actually"}, {"end": "04:26:56", "start": "04:26:52", "text": "when we did the chieftain's son did it"}, {"end": "04:26:57", "start": "04:26:53", "text": "with us and his friend. U, but it's just"}, {"end": "04:26:59", "start": "04:26:56", "text": "a great right of passage. And what was"}, {"end": "04:27:01", "start": "04:26:57", "text": "cool is like it was like this huge sense"}, {"end": "04:27:02", "start": "04:26:59", "text": "of accomplishment cuz like for a whole"}, {"end": "04:27:04", "start": "04:27:01", "text": "year we really thought about it. We"}, {"end": "04:27:05", "start": "04:27:02", "text": "trained for it. And then I looked at all"}, {"end": "04:27:07", "start": "04:27:04", "text": "the guys. I'm like, you know, we're"}, {"end": "04:27:09", "start": "04:27:05", "text": "Terry Mway Warriors now. And it's like,"}, {"end": "04:27:10", "start": "04:27:07", "text": "yeah, we're Terry Mway Warriors now."}, {"end": "04:27:12", "start": "04:27:09", "text": "It's like, yeah, we're part of the tribe"}, {"end": "04:27:14", "start": "04:27:10", "text": "now. Right. And of course, you never"}, {"end": "04:27:16", "start": "04:27:12", "text": "want to do this with soft guys because"}, {"end": "04:27:18", "start": "04:27:14", "text": "immediately we started talking like how"}, {"end": "04:27:20", "start": "04:27:16", "text": "could we make this even more painful and"}, {"end": "04:27:21", "start": "04:27:18", "text": "more dangerous."}, {"end": "04:27:22", "start": "04:27:20", "text": "And we started going through all the"}, {"end": "04:27:25", "start": "04:27:21", "text": "variations. We're like, you know, maybe"}, {"end": "04:27:27", "start": "04:27:22", "text": "if a cold plunge was involved in some"}, {"end": "04:27:29", "start": "04:27:25", "text": "way or a darkness component. So instead"}, {"end": "04:27:31", "start": "04:27:27", "text": "of just like letting them sit around for"}, {"end": "04:27:32", "start": "04:27:29", "text": "an hour, what if we put them in a dark"}, {"end": "04:27:33", "start": "04:27:31", "text": "cave for like 12 hours? I said, you"}, {"end": "04:27:36", "start": "04:27:32", "text": "know, it would be really cool if you put"}, {"end": "04:27:37", "start": "04:27:33", "text": "some snakes in that dark cave. Oh [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "04:27:39", "start": "04:27:36", "text": "You know, cuz you can't see the snakes,"}, {"end": "04:27:40", "start": "04:27:37", "text": "but you can feel them and hear them and"}, {"end": "04:27:41", "start": "04:27:39", "text": "that's really [\u00a0__\u00a0] with you. And"}, {"end": "04:27:44", "start": "04:27:40", "text": "they're like, \"Yeah, it needs a fire"}, {"end": "04:27:47", "start": "04:27:41", "text": "component, too.\" So, we spent the next"}, {"end": "04:27:48", "start": "04:27:44", "text": "like 5 days in the Amazon just uh just"}, {"end": "04:27:50", "start": "04:27:47", "text": "talking about it, you know? I was like,"}, {"end": "04:27:52", "start": "04:27:48", "text": "\"What if we did this?\" Yeah, I think I"}, {"end": "04:27:53", "start": "04:27:50", "text": "think that's a good idea. Let's let's"}, {"end": "04:27:55", "start": "04:27:52", "text": "let's do this. And we're like, \"You"}, {"end": "04:27:57", "start": "04:27:53", "text": "can't modify the screw you, man. We're"}, {"end": "04:27:58", "start": "04:27:55", "text": "North American Satary Me. Those guys are"}, {"end": "04:28:01", "start": "04:27:57", "text": "South Americans. We do things"}, {"end": "04:28:04", "start": "04:27:58", "text": "differently as North American Satary M"}, {"end": "04:28:06", "start": "04:28:01", "text": "guys.\" Damn. Damn. When was that? Oh,"}, {"end": "04:28:09", "start": "04:28:04", "text": "that was just recently. That was um I"}, {"end": "04:28:10", "start": "04:28:06", "text": "think like March or April of this year."}, {"end": "04:28:13", "start": "04:28:09", "text": "realize it was that. Yeah. And it was"}, {"end": "04:28:14", "start": "04:28:10", "text": "crazy because I did the Amazon. I was in"}, {"end": "04:28:16", "start": "04:28:13", "text": "the Amazon for 9 days and I immediately"}, {"end": "04:28:17", "start": "04:28:14", "text": "had to go to a conference afterwards. So"}, {"end": "04:28:18", "start": "04:28:16", "text": "I was at a conference and I'm like, \"Hey"}, {"end": "04:28:20", "start": "04:28:17", "text": "guys, I got to go. I got to go to the"}, {"end": "04:28:22", "start": "04:28:18", "text": "Amazon and do a thing.\" Then I went down"}, {"end": "04:28:23", "start": "04:28:20", "text": "to the Amazon. Then as soon as I was"}, {"end": "04:28:25", "start": "04:28:22", "text": "done, I came back and it was like at"}, {"end": "04:28:26", "start": "04:28:23", "text": "another conference like speaking and I"}, {"end": "04:28:27", "start": "04:28:25", "text": "was like, \"All right, I got to do a"}, {"end": "04:28:29", "start": "04:28:26", "text": "thing.\" I I think I went to Consensus"}, {"end": "04:28:31", "start": "04:28:27", "text": "after that and I was moderating a panel"}, {"end": "04:28:32", "start": "04:28:29", "text": "with Eric Trump. It's like, \"So where"}, {"end": "04:28:34", "start": "04:28:31", "text": "were you at?\" \"Oh, I was just in the"}, {"end": "04:28:36", "start": "04:28:32", "text": "Amazon doing a thing. Don't worry about"}, {"end": "04:28:41", "start": "04:28:34", "text": "it.\""}, {"end": "04:28:44", "start": "04:28:36", "text": "Wow. Yeah. Let's finally let's talk"}, {"end": "04:28:46", "start": "04:28:41", "text": "about the clinic. Yes, sir. How did that"}, {"end": "04:28:49", "start": "04:28:44", "text": "start? Well, you know, as I mentioned, I"}, {"end": "04:28:52", "start": "04:28:46", "text": "uh I have the the medicine tradition in"}, {"end": "04:28:53", "start": "04:28:49", "text": "the family and uh 70 years of medicine."}, {"end": "04:28:55", "start": "04:28:52", "text": "So, I didn't become a doctor, but I"}, {"end": "04:28:59", "start": "04:28:53", "text": "always wanted to do a medical thing. And"}, {"end": "04:29:02", "start": "04:28:55", "text": "uh why I didn't become a doctor was that"}, {"end": "04:29:03", "start": "04:28:59", "text": "I hated that medicine"}, {"end": "04:29:06", "start": "04:29:02", "text": "had two big issues. One, as a"}, {"end": "04:29:08", "start": "04:29:03", "text": "practitioner, it's a person byperson"}, {"end": "04:29:09", "start": "04:29:06", "text": "game and I like systems. I like treating"}, {"end": "04:29:10", "start": "04:29:08", "text": "millions of people or tens of millions"}, {"end": "04:29:13", "start": "04:29:09", "text": "of people at the same time because I"}, {"end": "04:29:14", "start": "04:29:10", "text": "want to maximize impact. The second"}, {"end": "04:29:17", "start": "04:29:13", "text": "thing I hated was that the system had"}, {"end": "04:29:20", "start": "04:29:14", "text": "become stuck in an economic state where"}, {"end": "04:29:23", "start": "04:29:17", "text": "it's basically"}, {"end": "04:29:25", "start": "04:29:20", "text": "treatments and not cures. So you go see"}, {"end": "04:29:26", "start": "04:29:23", "text": "your doctor, hey, I have this thing."}, {"end": "04:29:28", "start": "04:29:25", "text": "Well, here's this pill is going to cure"}, {"end": "04:29:30", "start": "04:29:26", "text": "me, doctor. No, no, no, no. But but it"}, {"end": "04:29:32", "start": "04:29:28", "text": "it'll like manage the decline. It'll get"}, {"end": "04:29:34", "start": "04:29:30", "text": "a little worse every day, but slightly"}, {"end": "04:29:36", "start": "04:29:32", "text": "less worse every day. But I'm coming to"}, {"end": "04:29:38", "start": "04:29:34", "text": "you, doctor. Like, fix me. fix me for"}, {"end": "04:29:39", "start": "04:29:36", "text": "God's sakes and like I'm sorry we don't"}, {"end": "04:29:41", "start": "04:29:38", "text": "do fixes here you know we haven't cured"}, {"end": "04:29:44", "start": "04:29:39", "text": "things in a long time in medicine so"}, {"end": "04:29:46", "start": "04:29:41", "text": "just take that pill and best of luck so"}, {"end": "04:29:49", "start": "04:29:44", "text": "like a great example would be like let's"}, {"end": "04:29:51", "start": "04:29:46", "text": "say you're you're you're like you know"}, {"end": "04:29:52", "start": "04:29:49", "text": "an 11 Bravo or something and and you"}, {"end": "04:29:54", "start": "04:29:51", "text": "serve in Afghanistan have a really heavy"}, {"end": "04:29:55", "start": "04:29:52", "text": "rucks sack [\u00a0__\u00a0] up your back what are"}, {"end": "04:29:57", "start": "04:29:54", "text": "they going to do they're going to tell"}, {"end": "04:30:00", "start": "04:29:55", "text": "you to get back surgery they're going to"}, {"end": "04:30:02", "start": "04:29:57", "text": "tell you to take painkillers or you can"}, {"end": "04:30:04", "start": "04:30:00", "text": "go and do yoga and pilates and fix your"}, {"end": "04:30:06", "start": "04:30:02", "text": "back and a lot of people after they do"}, {"end": "04:30:07", "start": "04:30:04", "text": "it the pain completely goes way. So you"}, {"end": "04:30:09", "start": "04:30:06", "text": "go to a doctor, they tell you to do the"}, {"end": "04:30:10", "start": "04:30:07", "text": "yoga and plotties and the physical"}, {"end": "04:30:12", "start": "04:30:09", "text": "therapy and these other thing. No, they"}, {"end": "04:30:13", "start": "04:30:10", "text": "give you the pills and if that doesn't"}, {"end": "04:30:15", "start": "04:30:12", "text": "work, they give you the surgery and then"}, {"end": "04:30:17", "start": "04:30:13", "text": "that never works for these people. So"}, {"end": "04:30:20", "start": "04:30:15", "text": "that's medicine in a nutshell in 2025."}, {"end": "04:30:22", "start": "04:30:17", "text": "It's really [\u00a0__\u00a0] up. So what you'd"}, {"end": "04:30:26", "start": "04:30:20", "text": "want to do instead is say let's build a"}, {"end": "04:30:28", "start": "04:30:22", "text": "medical institution that is a bastion of"}, {"end": "04:30:30", "start": "04:30:26", "text": "good health care, integrated health"}, {"end": "04:30:33", "start": "04:30:28", "text": "care. So lifestyle medicine with"}, {"end": "04:30:34", "start": "04:30:30", "text": "alipathic traditional medicine. put"}, {"end": "04:30:36", "start": "04:30:33", "text": "those two things together for a"}, {"end": "04:30:39", "start": "04:30:34", "text": "community in this case Gillette Wyoming."}, {"end": "04:30:41", "start": "04:30:36", "text": "So there's 13,000 patients and a"}, {"end": "04:30:43", "start": "04:30:39", "text": "population of 35,000 people and we have"}, {"end": "04:30:45", "start": "04:30:41", "text": "40 providers we have all theies you know"}, {"end": "04:30:47", "start": "04:30:43", "text": "we have internal medicine we have"}, {"end": "04:30:49", "start": "04:30:45", "text": "nefrology and cardiology and neurology"}, {"end": "04:30:51", "start": "04:30:47", "text": "and soon to have pulmonology and"}, {"end": "04:30:53", "start": "04:30:49", "text": "dermatology and etc etc. So we have"}, {"end": "04:30:54", "start": "04:30:51", "text": "really top-notch physicians. But if you"}, {"end": "04:30:56", "start": "04:30:53", "text": "have that and you have a vertically"}, {"end": "04:30:58", "start": "04:30:54", "text": "integrated system, meaning you own the"}, {"end": "04:31:00", "start": "04:30:56", "text": "radiology and you own the lab and you"}, {"end": "04:31:02", "start": "04:30:58", "text": "own all the diagnostic equipment and you"}, {"end": "04:31:04", "start": "04:31:00", "text": "have your own pharmacy with a"}, {"end": "04:31:06", "start": "04:31:02", "text": "compounding pharmacy, you have a perfect"}, {"end": "04:31:09", "start": "04:31:04", "text": "vertical to do medical experiments. So"}, {"end": "04:31:11", "start": "04:31:06", "text": "then you build a biotechnology company"}, {"end": "04:31:12", "start": "04:31:09", "text": "on the other side and you start looking"}, {"end": "04:31:15", "start": "04:31:11", "text": "at a lot of stuff that is regenerative"}, {"end": "04:31:19", "start": "04:31:12", "text": "in nature, not cure, not treatments, but"}, {"end": "04:31:21", "start": "04:31:15", "text": "cures. So, what you do is you say, \"What"}, {"end": "04:31:24", "start": "04:31:19", "text": "can I do to get the body to heal itself?"}, {"end": "04:31:26", "start": "04:31:21", "text": "And what can I do to give you something"}, {"end": "04:31:28", "start": "04:31:24", "text": "that fixes your problem permanently?\""}, {"end": "04:31:30", "start": "04:31:26", "text": "Uh, so I'll give you some examples. Uh,"}, {"end": "04:31:32", "start": "04:31:28", "text": "we're right now getting ready for an FDA"}, {"end": "04:31:35", "start": "04:31:30", "text": "trial because everything we do is"}, {"end": "04:31:37", "start": "04:31:32", "text": "rigorous. So, we do FDA trials and we're"}, {"end": "04:31:39", "start": "04:31:35", "text": "going to take fat from people, atapost"}, {"end": "04:31:41", "start": "04:31:37", "text": "derived messenymal stem cells. So your"}, {"end": "04:31:43", "start": "04:31:39", "text": "stem cells, your adult stem cells that"}, {"end": "04:31:45", "start": "04:31:41", "text": "are in your fat. You have three primary"}, {"end": "04:31:47", "start": "04:31:43", "text": "sources of them as adults, blood, bone,"}, {"end": "04:31:49", "start": "04:31:45", "text": "and fat. You get them from other places,"}, {"end": "04:31:51", "start": "04:31:47", "text": "but those are the big ones to get them"}, {"end": "04:31:54", "start": "04:31:49", "text": "from. And we take your fat with"}, {"end": "04:31:57", "start": "04:31:51", "text": "liposuction. Um, and then we culture"}, {"end": "04:31:59", "start": "04:31:54", "text": "expand it, we grow them, and then we"}, {"end": "04:32:01", "start": "04:31:57", "text": "reinject them. And we're going to run it"}, {"end": "04:32:03", "start": "04:31:59", "text": "for a year, three, four injections. And"}, {"end": "04:32:04", "start": "04:32:01", "text": "we're going to pair it with hyperbarics."}, {"end": "04:32:06", "start": "04:32:03", "text": "Hyperbarics are these pressure chambers."}, {"end": "04:32:09", "start": "04:32:04", "text": "You go inside of them, pure oxygen, high"}, {"end": "04:32:11", "start": "04:32:06", "text": "pressure. Why hyperbarics? Because when"}, {"end": "04:32:13", "start": "04:32:09", "text": "you go into a hyperbaric environment,"}, {"end": "04:32:15", "start": "04:32:11", "text": "for some reason epigenetically over 900"}, {"end": "04:32:17", "start": "04:32:13", "text": "genes are silenced or activated and your"}, {"end": "04:32:19", "start": "04:32:15", "text": "body enters a hyper regenerative state."}, {"end": "04:32:20", "start": "04:32:17", "text": "So it tells your body dump all the stem"}, {"end": "04:32:22", "start": "04:32:19", "text": "cells into your blood and start fixing"}, {"end": "04:32:24", "start": "04:32:20", "text": "[\u00a0__\u00a0] Programs all of them. So Jay Leno"}, {"end": "04:32:26", "start": "04:32:22", "text": "is a big classic car guy. He was working"}, {"end": "04:32:27", "start": "04:32:24", "text": "on his car, exploded in his face and he"}, {"end": "04:32:29", "start": "04:32:26", "text": "turned into two phase. It burned off"}, {"end": "04:32:30", "start": "04:32:27", "text": "half his face. So they treated him. He"}, {"end": "04:32:32", "start": "04:32:29", "text": "went to a hyperbaric chamber and now"}, {"end": "04:32:34", "start": "04:32:30", "text": "he's almost fully healed. So you can see"}, {"end": "04:32:36", "start": "04:32:32", "text": "those before and after pictures of Jay"}, {"end": "04:32:38", "start": "04:32:34", "text": "Leno. So there's amazing regenerative"}, {"end": "04:32:40", "start": "04:32:36", "text": "capabilities with hyperbarics, but the"}, {"end": "04:32:42", "start": "04:32:38", "text": "mechanism of action is stem cells and"}, {"end": "04:32:44", "start": "04:32:40", "text": "programming those stem cells to be"}, {"end": "04:32:47", "start": "04:32:42", "text": "really regenerative for you. So our"}, {"end": "04:32:49", "start": "04:32:44", "text": "hypothesis is if we pair hyperbarics"}, {"end": "04:32:51", "start": "04:32:47", "text": "with exogenous stem cells, it's like"}, {"end": "04:32:53", "start": "04:32:49", "text": "adding gasoline to a fire. It it"}, {"end": "04:32:55", "start": "04:32:51", "text": "dramatically accelerates the healing"}, {"end": "04:32:57", "start": "04:32:53", "text": "effect of these types of things. But"}, {"end": "04:32:59", "start": "04:32:55", "text": "also inadvertently, what we're doing is"}, {"end": "04:33:00", "start": "04:32:57", "text": "we're creating a platform to learn and"}, {"end": "04:33:03", "start": "04:32:59", "text": "think about navigating the stem cell"}, {"end": "04:33:04", "start": "04:33:00", "text": "space. And what's nice is autotogus"}, {"end": "04:33:06", "start": "04:33:03", "text": "adult derived messenymal stem cells."}, {"end": "04:33:08", "start": "04:33:04", "text": "They're yours. There's no chance of"}, {"end": "04:33:09", "start": "04:33:06", "text": "rejection. They're ethically sourced."}, {"end": "04:33:11", "start": "04:33:08", "text": "There's no babies coming out of your"}, {"end": "04:33:13", "start": "04:33:09", "text": "belly. I hope not. You know, it's just"}, {"end": "04:33:15", "start": "04:33:11", "text": "it's just fat. It's like we got a lot of"}, {"end": "04:33:18", "start": "04:33:13", "text": "it. I got a lot of it. We're okay. You"}, {"end": "04:33:20", "start": "04:33:15", "text": "know, we we can sacrifice some of that."}, {"end": "04:33:21", "start": "04:33:18", "text": "And it's infinite. Once you have them,"}, {"end": "04:33:23", "start": "04:33:20", "text": "you can culture expand them for the rest"}, {"end": "04:33:25", "start": "04:33:21", "text": "of the life of the patient. So, you have"}, {"end": "04:33:27", "start": "04:33:23", "text": "a platform to work with the patient. And"}, {"end": "04:33:29", "start": "04:33:25", "text": "then over time you can do all kinds of"}, {"end": "04:33:31", "start": "04:33:27", "text": "things to hit them with a yellow light"}, {"end": "04:33:33", "start": "04:33:29", "text": "to accelerate their metabolism or maybe"}, {"end": "04:33:35", "start": "04:33:31", "text": "use umbilical cord blood exosomes to"}, {"end": "04:33:37", "start": "04:33:33", "text": "help culture expand to make them become"}, {"end": "04:33:39", "start": "04:33:35", "text": "younger and actually more uh vibrant."}, {"end": "04:33:40", "start": "04:33:37", "text": "Mess with the electrome inside the cells"}, {"end": "04:33:42", "start": "04:33:39", "text": "because every cell has an electrical"}, {"end": "04:33:43", "start": "04:33:40", "text": "signature and there's some stuff you can"}, {"end": "04:33:45", "start": "04:33:42", "text": "do to make them differentiate to"}, {"end": "04:33:47", "start": "04:33:43", "text": "different tissue types. Um or"}, {"end": "04:33:49", "start": "04:33:45", "text": "co-administer them with peptides."}, {"end": "04:33:50", "start": "04:33:47", "text": "There's hundreds of things that you can"}, {"end": "04:33:52", "start": "04:33:49", "text": "do these cells. But once you have that"}, {"end": "04:33:54", "start": "04:33:50", "text": "baseline, then you can start growing"}, {"end": "04:33:57", "start": "04:33:52", "text": "from that baseline and you can start"}, {"end": "04:33:58", "start": "04:33:54", "text": "targeting organ systems. For example, we"}, {"end": "04:34:00", "start": "04:33:57", "text": "can look at peripheral neuropathies."}, {"end": "04:34:02", "start": "04:33:58", "text": "Those are things that tend to come up"}, {"end": "04:34:04", "start": "04:34:00", "text": "after cancer. You get cancer, you do"}, {"end": "04:34:06", "start": "04:34:02", "text": "chemotherapy. Maybe the chemo cures you,"}, {"end": "04:34:09", "start": "04:34:04", "text": "but you're jacked up. You know, you got"}, {"end": "04:34:11", "start": "04:34:06", "text": "the tingly toes and fingers and you just"}, {"end": "04:34:13", "start": "04:34:09", "text": "anything that's hot or cold now is just"}, {"end": "04:34:15", "start": "04:34:11", "text": "so unbearably painful. And you go to"}, {"end": "04:34:16", "start": "04:34:13", "text": "your cancer doctor and like oncologist,"}, {"end": "04:34:18", "start": "04:34:15", "text": "what do I do? And I say, you're cancer"}, {"end": "04:34:21", "start": "04:34:16", "text": "free. He's like, yeah, but what about"}, {"end": "04:34:22", "start": "04:34:18", "text": "neuropathy? you're cancer free. Get the"}, {"end": "04:34:24", "start": "04:34:21", "text": "hell out. We don't want to talk to you"}, {"end": "04:34:26", "start": "04:34:22", "text": "anymore. We we solved your primary"}, {"end": "04:34:28", "start": "04:34:24", "text": "complaint. What if I can use stem cells"}, {"end": "04:34:29", "start": "04:34:26", "text": "in hyperbarics to actually regenerate"}, {"end": "04:34:31", "start": "04:34:28", "text": "those nerves and actually fix those"}, {"end": "04:34:33", "start": "04:34:29", "text": "problems? Now you don't have the"}, {"end": "04:34:35", "start": "04:34:31", "text": "neuropathy anymore. Or what about TBIs"}, {"end": "04:34:36", "start": "04:34:33", "text": "which are just a persistent issue? Well,"}, {"end": "04:34:38", "start": "04:34:35", "text": "one of the things we can do with these"}, {"end": "04:34:39", "start": "04:34:36", "text": "stem cells because we have such a"}, {"end": "04:34:42", "start": "04:34:38", "text": "powerful MRI, we have a three Tesla MRI"}, {"end": "04:34:44", "start": "04:34:39", "text": "with AI upscaling is we can use"}, {"end": "04:34:45", "start": "04:34:42", "text": "speagging and that means the super"}, {"end": "04:34:47", "start": "04:34:44", "text": "paramagnetic oxide. So you put these"}, {"end": "04:34:49", "start": "04:34:45", "text": "tiny nano particles of iron inside the"}, {"end": "04:34:51", "start": "04:34:47", "text": "stem cells. Then you inject them and"}, {"end": "04:34:53", "start": "04:34:49", "text": "when you take an MRI they light up like"}, {"end": "04:34:55", "start": "04:34:51", "text": "a Christmas tree. What does that tell"}, {"end": "04:34:58", "start": "04:34:53", "text": "you? It tells you where they go. So if I"}, {"end": "04:34:59", "start": "04:34:55", "text": "inject them here, do they end up here or"}, {"end": "04:35:01", "start": "04:34:58", "text": "they end up here or they end up here?"}, {"end": "04:35:04", "start": "04:34:59", "text": "You know where they go? Are they just in"}, {"end": "04:35:05", "start": "04:35:01", "text": "the lungs? And what if now that I can"}, {"end": "04:35:07", "start": "04:35:04", "text": "find out where they go? I can"}, {"end": "04:35:09", "start": "04:35:05", "text": "co-administer them with certain"}, {"end": "04:35:11", "start": "04:35:07", "text": "chemicals. And maybe by doing that I can"}, {"end": "04:35:13", "start": "04:35:09", "text": "steer the direction of where the stem"}, {"end": "04:35:15", "start": "04:35:11", "text": "cells go. Maybe I can get them to cross"}, {"end": "04:35:16", "start": "04:35:13", "text": "the bloodb brain barrier and get into"}, {"end": "04:35:18", "start": "04:35:15", "text": "your brain because it'll light up like a"}, {"end": "04:35:20", "start": "04:35:16", "text": "Christmas tree there or maybe your liver"}, {"end": "04:35:21", "start": "04:35:18", "text": "because you have cerosis from you know"}, {"end": "04:35:23", "start": "04:35:20", "text": "something or whatever or maybe your"}, {"end": "04:35:24", "start": "04:35:21", "text": "knees who knows. So that's kind of the"}, {"end": "04:35:27", "start": "04:35:23", "text": "next stage of the platform is"}, {"end": "04:35:29", "start": "04:35:24", "text": "programmability. You know can we program"}, {"end": "04:35:31", "start": "04:35:27", "text": "them chemically or electrically to go to"}, {"end": "04:35:33", "start": "04:35:29", "text": "certain areas and then you know we have"}, {"end": "04:35:35", "start": "04:35:31", "text": "the equipment to track them. So yeah"}, {"end": "04:35:37", "start": "04:35:33", "text": "it'll be years of research but we have"}, {"end": "04:35:39", "start": "04:35:35", "text": "the patient population. We have a ton of"}, {"end": "04:35:41", "start": "04:35:37", "text": "people that have cancer. We have a ton"}, {"end": "04:35:42", "start": "04:35:39", "text": "of people that have COPD and their lungs"}, {"end": "04:35:46", "start": "04:35:41", "text": "are jacked up. We have a ton of people"}, {"end": "04:35:48", "start": "04:35:42", "text": "that have TBI. Uh like look at the rodeo"}, {"end": "04:35:50", "start": "04:35:46", "text": "stars. They go bull riding and they fall"}, {"end": "04:35:51", "start": "04:35:48", "text": "off their bull, you know, they get 40"}, {"end": "04:35:53", "start": "04:35:50", "text": "concussions, you know, and they can't"}, {"end": "04:35:54", "start": "04:35:51", "text": "remember their own damn name at 50."}, {"end": "04:35:57", "start": "04:35:53", "text": "There's it's tragic when you see all"}, {"end": "04:35:59", "start": "04:35:54", "text": "these things. There's an unlimited depth"}, {"end": "04:36:02", "start": "04:35:57", "text": "of people that are broken and they want"}, {"end": "04:36:05", "start": "04:35:59", "text": "to be fixed. And this idea that I can"}, {"end": "04:36:07", "start": "04:36:02", "text": "take your stem cells and culture expand"}, {"end": "04:36:09", "start": "04:36:05", "text": "them and modify and do things to them"}, {"end": "04:36:11", "start": "04:36:07", "text": "and then use that as a basis to"}, {"end": "04:36:13", "start": "04:36:09", "text": "regenerate you and actually get you to a"}, {"end": "04:36:15", "start": "04:36:11", "text": "younger state or get you to a healthier"}, {"end": "04:36:17", "start": "04:36:13", "text": "state and expand your health span. It's"}, {"end": "04:36:19", "start": "04:36:15", "text": "so cool to be able to pursue that and to"}, {"end": "04:36:20", "start": "04:36:17", "text": "be able to do that under FDA"}, {"end": "04:36:23", "start": "04:36:19", "text": "supervision, meaning that it's just not"}, {"end": "04:36:24", "start": "04:36:20", "text": "like mad scientist [\u00a0__\u00a0] It's actually"}, {"end": "04:36:26", "start": "04:36:23", "text": "structured experiments and you go"}, {"end": "04:36:27", "start": "04:36:24", "text": "through phase one, two, and three and"}, {"end": "04:36:29", "start": "04:36:26", "text": "you take people along the entire"}, {"end": "04:36:31", "start": "04:36:27", "text": "journey. That's why we built the clinic,"}, {"end": "04:36:33", "start": "04:36:29", "text": "you know, and um it's uh very"}, {"end": "04:36:34", "start": "04:36:31", "text": "conservative. There's a lot of people in"}, {"end": "04:36:36", "start": "04:36:33", "text": "anti-aging that are doing much more"}, {"end": "04:36:37", "start": "04:36:34", "text": "aggressive things like something like"}, {"end": "04:36:41", "start": "04:36:36", "text": "induced pur potent stem cells using"}, {"end": "04:36:42", "start": "04:36:37", "text": "yamanaka factors or Dave Sinclair at"}, {"end": "04:36:44", "start": "04:36:41", "text": "Harvard who's like literally"}, {"end": "04:36:46", "start": "04:36:42", "text": "reprogramming the epiggenome and he's"}, {"end": "04:36:48", "start": "04:36:44", "text": "taking mice that are twins and making"}, {"end": "04:36:50", "start": "04:36:46", "text": "one old and one young and vice versa and"}, {"end": "04:36:53", "start": "04:36:48", "text": "these things. It's it's crazy stuff, but"}, {"end": "04:36:55", "start": "04:36:50", "text": "that's really difficult stuff, you know."}, {"end": "04:36:57", "start": "04:36:53", "text": "And the thing is it's like you are you"}, {"end": "04:37:00", "start": "04:36:55", "text": "because these cells made you that way."}, {"end": "04:37:02", "start": "04:36:57", "text": "Mhm. So, they're already enough to do a"}, {"end": "04:37:03", "start": "04:37:00", "text": "lot for you. And there's animals in"}, {"end": "04:37:05", "start": "04:37:02", "text": "nature that are actually biologically"}, {"end": "04:37:07", "start": "04:37:03", "text": "immortal. A lot of people don't know"}, {"end": "04:37:09", "start": "04:37:05", "text": "that. Teropsis Dorney is this jellyfish."}, {"end": "04:37:11", "start": "04:37:07", "text": "If you Google immortal jellyfish, you"}, {"end": "04:37:12", "start": "04:37:09", "text": "see this lovely picture of it. And when"}, {"end": "04:37:13", "start": "04:37:11", "text": "it gets old, it says, \"I don't want to"}, {"end": "04:37:15", "start": "04:37:12", "text": "be old anymore.\" So, it forms a cyst and"}, {"end": "04:37:17", "start": "04:37:13", "text": "regenerates itself and it's young again."}, {"end": "04:37:19", "start": "04:37:15", "text": "No [\u00a0__\u00a0] Yeah. There's [\u00a0__\u00a0] in nature."}, {"end": "04:37:21", "start": "04:37:17", "text": "There's even this crazy guy named Shin"}, {"end": "04:37:22", "start": "04:37:19", "text": "Kabota who's over in Kyoto, Kyoto"}, {"end": "04:37:24", "start": "04:37:21", "text": "University, and they call him the"}, {"end": "04:37:25", "start": "04:37:22", "text": "jellyfish man. And he's spent his whole"}, {"end": "04:37:27", "start": "04:37:24", "text": "career, he's even gotten divorced over"}, {"end": "04:37:29", "start": "04:37:25", "text": "it, like studying jellyfish and dressing"}, {"end": "04:37:31", "start": "04:37:27", "text": "up as jellyfish because he's obsessed"}, {"end": "04:37:33", "start": "04:37:29", "text": "with this immortal jellyfish and he"}, {"end": "04:37:34", "start": "04:37:31", "text": "wants to understand like why is it"}, {"end": "04:37:36", "start": "04:37:33", "text": "immortal? What is it doing to be"}, {"end": "04:37:39", "start": "04:37:34", "text": "immortal? And he's chasing that"}, {"end": "04:37:41", "start": "04:37:36", "text": "immortality call. So to me, it's um it's"}, {"end": "04:37:42", "start": "04:37:39", "text": "so cool that these things exist. And if"}, {"end": "04:37:45", "start": "04:37:41", "text": "there's something in nature that already"}, {"end": "04:37:46", "start": "04:37:42", "text": "does it, well then human beings can"}, {"end": "04:37:48", "start": "04:37:45", "text": "discover this. And there's plenty of"}, {"end": "04:37:50", "start": "04:37:46", "text": "super regenerative animals like X"}, {"end": "04:37:52", "start": "04:37:48", "text": "waddles, for example. They run around."}, {"end": "04:37:54", "start": "04:37:50", "text": "You chop off their arm, they grow"}, {"end": "04:37:55", "start": "04:37:52", "text": "another arm. Lizards chop off their"}, {"end": "04:37:57", "start": "04:37:54", "text": "tail, they grow another tail. You know,"}, {"end": "04:37:58", "start": "04:37:55", "text": "they they're in nature. It's not a"}, {"end": "04:38:00", "start": "04:37:57", "text": "hypothetical. It's here. It's there."}, {"end": "04:38:03", "start": "04:37:58", "text": "Genetically, they're not too different"}, {"end": "04:38:05", "start": "04:38:00", "text": "from us. So, get a stem cell, figure out"}, {"end": "04:38:07", "start": "04:38:03", "text": "how to program that, how to work with"}, {"end": "04:38:09", "start": "04:38:05", "text": "that as a platform, and then bring the"}, {"end": "04:38:11", "start": "04:38:07", "text": "AI in, and then bring the science in,"}, {"end": "04:38:13", "start": "04:38:09", "text": "and then year by year by year, you gain"}, {"end": "04:38:15", "start": "04:38:11", "text": "a better and more mechanistic"}, {"end": "04:38:18", "start": "04:38:13", "text": "understanding. And then what you can do"}, {"end": "04:38:20", "start": "04:38:15", "text": "is a whole class of diseases can be"}, {"end": "04:38:23", "start": "04:38:18", "text": "corrected because you can now regenerate"}, {"end": "04:38:25", "start": "04:38:20", "text": "things. That's stage one. Then stage two"}, {"end": "04:38:27", "start": "04:38:23", "text": "is to get really good at the electrome"}, {"end": "04:38:29", "start": "04:38:25", "text": "and get really good at the stem cells."}, {"end": "04:38:30", "start": "04:38:27", "text": "And then you can do tissue engineering"}, {"end": "04:38:32", "start": "04:38:29", "text": "and you can actually start growing"}, {"end": "04:38:35", "start": "04:38:30", "text": "organs and other things like that. So"}, {"end": "04:38:37", "start": "04:38:32", "text": "you can have a bioreactor and you can"}, {"end": "04:38:39", "start": "04:38:35", "text": "grow skin or a bioreactor and you can"}, {"end": "04:38:42", "start": "04:38:37", "text": "grow a gallbladder or grow a heart or"}, {"end": "04:38:43", "start": "04:38:39", "text": "grow a kidney or liver or something like"}, {"end": "04:38:45", "start": "04:38:42", "text": "that. You can just grow these things and"}, {"end": "04:38:46", "start": "04:38:43", "text": "you can transplant them in. So when you"}, {"end": "04:38:47", "start": "04:38:45", "text": "have a bad heart, you don't have to be"}, {"end": "04:38:49", "start": "04:38:46", "text": "on an organ replacement list and you"}, {"end": "04:38:51", "start": "04:38:47", "text": "know hope to God that you have a"}, {"end": "04:38:52", "start": "04:38:49", "text": "compatible donor. You just grow a new"}, {"end": "04:38:54", "start": "04:38:51", "text": "one and put it in the person. How long"}, {"end": "04:38:56", "start": "04:38:52", "text": "would it take to grow a new one? Well,"}, {"end": "04:38:59", "start": "04:38:54", "text": "that that's the hard part because the"}, {"end": "04:39:01", "start": "04:38:56", "text": "issue is DNA contains the information of"}, {"end": "04:39:04", "start": "04:38:59", "text": "what you are, but it doesn't have"}, {"end": "04:39:06", "start": "04:39:01", "text": "spatial information of like how to make"}, {"end": "04:39:08", "start": "04:39:04", "text": "it like your leg goes here and your hand"}, {"end": "04:39:10", "start": "04:39:06", "text": "goes here. These types of things. So"}, {"end": "04:39:12", "start": "04:39:08", "text": "there are different processes and so you"}, {"end": "04:39:14", "start": "04:39:10", "text": "can't just take stem cells and make them"}, {"end": "04:39:16", "start": "04:39:12", "text": "differentiate into an organoid and say"}, {"end": "04:39:17", "start": "04:39:14", "text": "okay well this is a heart cell or this"}, {"end": "04:39:18", "start": "04:39:16", "text": "is the brain. You can do that but it"}, {"end": "04:39:20", "start": "04:39:17", "text": "doesn't turn into a brain. It doesn't"}, {"end": "04:39:23", "start": "04:39:18", "text": "turn into a heart. So it's an open"}, {"end": "04:39:25", "start": "04:39:20", "text": "question right now in organ growth of h"}, {"end": "04:39:28", "start": "04:39:23", "text": "how do you grow an organ to replicate an"}, {"end": "04:39:31", "start": "04:39:25", "text": "adult organ with the same size and uh"}, {"end": "04:39:32", "start": "04:39:28", "text": "and shape and function of that. But it"}, {"end": "04:39:33", "start": "04:39:31", "text": "doesn't take a heck of a lot of time if"}, {"end": "04:39:36", "start": "04:39:32", "text": "you're doing the right growth factors."}, {"end": "04:39:37", "start": "04:39:33", "text": "it's a matter of of weeks to months to"}, {"end": "04:39:40", "start": "04:39:36", "text": "grow something like this in a"}, {"end": "04:39:41", "start": "04:39:37", "text": "bioreactor. Um and uh that's one"}, {"end": "04:39:43", "start": "04:39:40", "text": "approach. The other approach are called"}, {"end": "04:39:44", "start": "04:39:41", "text": "xenographs where they take pigs and they"}, {"end": "04:39:46", "start": "04:39:43", "text": "genetically engineer them because"}, {"end": "04:39:47", "start": "04:39:44", "text": "they're very close to humans. In fact,"}, {"end": "04:39:50", "start": "04:39:46", "text": "we used to use pigs for insulin before"}, {"end": "04:39:53", "start": "04:39:47", "text": "we uh we genetically engineered ecoli to"}, {"end": "04:39:54", "start": "04:39:50", "text": "do that and they actually like make pig"}, {"end": "04:39:56", "start": "04:39:53", "text": "have your kidneys or pig have your heart"}, {"end": "04:39:57", "start": "04:39:54", "text": "or something and they can take the"}, {"end": "04:39:58", "start": "04:39:56", "text": "kidneys out of the pig and put it into a"}, {"end": "04:40:01", "start": "04:39:57", "text": "human because they've been genetically"}, {"end": "04:40:03", "start": "04:39:58", "text": "engineered to be nonrejected by humans."}, {"end": "04:40:04", "start": "04:40:01", "text": "It's called a xenotransplant. So, you"}, {"end": "04:40:06", "start": "04:40:03", "text": "know, these things exist, but I like the"}, {"end": "04:40:07", "start": "04:40:04", "text": "bioreactor more because I don't think we"}, {"end": "04:40:11", "start": "04:40:06", "text": "should have kidney pigs. I mean, I like"}, {"end": "04:40:12", "start": "04:40:07", "text": "pigs. They're nice. Um, but uh but"}, {"end": "04:40:14", "start": "04:40:11", "text": "anyway, so that's like stage two is"}, {"end": "04:40:15", "start": "04:40:12", "text": "like, can you grow tissue? And then once"}, {"end": "04:40:17", "start": "04:40:14", "text": "you have that, then I can fix your"}, {"end": "04:40:19", "start": "04:40:15", "text": "broken parts or regrow limbs or, you"}, {"end": "04:40:22", "start": "04:40:17", "text": "know, other things like that. And then"}, {"end": "04:40:25", "start": "04:40:19", "text": "stage three is the gene engine gene"}, {"end": "04:40:28", "start": "04:40:22", "text": "engineering. And there the the lowest uh"}, {"end": "04:40:29", "start": "04:40:25", "text": "floor is called a plasmid. And there's a"}, {"end": "04:40:31", "start": "04:40:28", "text": "company called Mini Circle down in"}, {"end": "04:40:33", "start": "04:40:29", "text": "Roaton that does this a lot. And you"}, {"end": "04:40:34", "start": "04:40:31", "text": "could actually use plasmids to make"}, {"end": "04:40:36", "start": "04:40:33", "text": "pretty much anything. They're like"}, {"end": "04:40:39", "start": "04:40:34", "text": "little molecular factories. So I suffer"}, {"end": "04:40:41", "start": "04:40:36", "text": "from gout and 344 million people do."}, {"end": "04:40:43", "start": "04:40:39", "text": "It's a genetic disorder and uh it means"}, {"end": "04:40:45", "start": "04:40:41", "text": "my body doesn't process uric acid"}, {"end": "04:40:48", "start": "04:40:43", "text": "properly. And so what ends up happening"}, {"end": "04:40:50", "start": "04:40:45", "text": "is the uric acid over time if I don't"}, {"end": "04:40:52", "start": "04:40:48", "text": "get it out of the system through some"}, {"end": "04:40:53", "start": "04:40:50", "text": "means like alipurol, it'll accumulate in"}, {"end": "04:40:55", "start": "04:40:52", "text": "the joints and you have gout attacks and"}, {"end": "04:40:57", "start": "04:40:53", "text": "they flare up with crystals and it's"}, {"end": "04:40:58", "start": "04:40:55", "text": "super [\u00a0__\u00a0] painful. They just stab"}, {"end": "04:40:59", "start": "04:40:57", "text": "you, you know, when you're walking"}, {"end": "04:41:01", "start": "04:40:58", "text": "around. It's one of the most painful"}, {"end": "04:41:03", "start": "04:40:59", "text": "conditions you can have and if you don't"}, {"end": "04:41:06", "start": "04:41:01", "text": "treat it, it gets progressive. So, it"}, {"end": "04:41:07", "start": "04:41:03", "text": "starts from the big toe to the joint to"}, {"end": "04:41:09", "start": "04:41:06", "text": "the knee to the hip and then eventually"}, {"end": "04:41:12", "start": "04:41:07", "text": "your hands and the whole body. So, you"}, {"end": "04:41:14", "start": "04:41:09", "text": "got to solve it. Well, there's a"}, {"end": "04:41:17", "start": "04:41:12", "text": "chemical called it's an enzyme called"}, {"end": "04:41:19", "start": "04:41:14", "text": "uricase and humans don't make it but it"}, {"end": "04:41:21", "start": "04:41:17", "text": "exists in nature and it digests uric"}, {"end": "04:41:22", "start": "04:41:19", "text": "acid and converts it to a water soluble"}, {"end": "04:41:25", "start": "04:41:21", "text": "kind of like vitamin C where you just"}, {"end": "04:41:27", "start": "04:41:22", "text": "pee it out alatonin. So what if I made a"}, {"end": "04:41:29", "start": "04:41:25", "text": "plasmid that made uricase? Then I could"}, {"end": "04:41:32", "start": "04:41:27", "text": "inject it to a person who has gout. And"}, {"end": "04:41:34", "start": "04:41:29", "text": "now you have a natural way of processing"}, {"end": "04:41:37", "start": "04:41:32", "text": "the uric acid. So you never have gout."}, {"end": "04:41:39", "start": "04:41:34", "text": "It's basically a cure. It's pretty cool."}, {"end": "04:41:41", "start": "04:41:37", "text": "And so there's all classes of diseases"}, {"end": "04:41:42", "start": "04:41:39", "text": "where your genetics don't allow you to"}, {"end": "04:41:45", "start": "04:41:41", "text": "make something because you lost the"}, {"end": "04:41:47", "start": "04:41:42", "text": "lottery and they're slowly killing you."}, {"end": "04:41:49", "start": "04:41:45", "text": "And so uh gene therapies are coming"}, {"end": "04:41:51", "start": "04:41:47", "text": "online. And what's really cool is like"}, {"end": "04:41:53", "start": "04:41:49", "text": "within 5 to 10 years we'll actually"}, {"end": "04:41:55", "start": "04:41:51", "text": "start having those treatments available"}, {"end": "04:41:57", "start": "04:41:53", "text": "and they're there. And then uh you can"}, {"end": "04:41:58", "start": "04:41:55", "text": "also use it for therapeutic"}, {"end": "04:42:01", "start": "04:41:57", "text": "interventions like the many circles"}, {"end": "04:42:04", "start": "04:41:58", "text": "using it for fall statin 344 which is uh"}, {"end": "04:42:07", "start": "04:42:01", "text": "this this uh chemical that basically"}, {"end": "04:42:08", "start": "04:42:04", "text": "allows you to build muscle. It turns off"}, {"end": "04:42:10", "start": "04:42:07", "text": "muscle inhibition. So if you see like"}, {"end": "04:42:12", "start": "04:42:08", "text": "pigs with it or cows with you can Google"}, {"end": "04:42:14", "start": "04:42:10", "text": "like muscle pig and you see like this"}, {"end": "04:42:17", "start": "04:42:12", "text": "picture is just [\u00a0__\u00a0] jacked up pig."}, {"end": "04:42:18", "start": "04:42:14", "text": "It's just looks like a damn beast. And"}, {"end": "04:42:20", "start": "04:42:17", "text": "so you so they actually that's their"}, {"end": "04:42:22", "start": "04:42:18", "text": "first product is the muscle pig uh"}, {"end": "04:42:23", "start": "04:42:20", "text": "plasmid. So they inject a person with"}, {"end": "04:42:26", "start": "04:42:22", "text": "folstatin and they just start building"}, {"end": "04:42:27", "start": "04:42:23", "text": "muscle like crazy uh with it. And what's"}, {"end": "04:42:29", "start": "04:42:26", "text": "cool is the plasmids only last like a"}, {"end": "04:42:31", "start": "04:42:27", "text": "year or two and you can turn them off."}, {"end": "04:42:33", "start": "04:42:29", "text": "You're using antibiotics. So they take"}, {"end": "04:42:34", "start": "04:42:31", "text": "it kills the plasma. Wow. Yeah. It's"}, {"end": "04:42:36", "start": "04:42:33", "text": "just crazy stuff. Well, the next thing"}, {"end": "04:42:38", "start": "04:42:34", "text": "they're looking at is TRT, testosterone"}, {"end": "04:42:40", "start": "04:42:36", "text": "replacement. And they're looking at HGH,"}, {"end": "04:42:42", "start": "04:42:38", "text": "human growth hormone, as another option."}, {"end": "04:42:44", "start": "04:42:40", "text": "So maybe that's a better way than you"}, {"end": "04:42:46", "start": "04:42:42", "text": "know dosing or these types of things cuz"}, {"end": "04:42:47", "start": "04:42:44", "text": "the the next step with the plasmid is"}, {"end": "04:42:50", "start": "04:42:46", "text": "can you create an internal regulation"}, {"end": "04:42:51", "start": "04:42:47", "text": "system. So like insulin regulation with"}, {"end": "04:42:53", "start": "04:42:50", "text": "your pancreas it makes it when you need"}, {"end": "04:42:55", "start": "04:42:51", "text": "it and then it turns it off when you"}, {"end": "04:42:56", "start": "04:42:53", "text": "don't need it. So you get a constant"}, {"end": "04:42:58", "start": "04:42:55", "text": "level instead of having to inject"}, {"end": "04:43:00", "start": "04:42:56", "text": "yourself with you know something with"}, {"end": "04:43:02", "start": "04:42:58", "text": "it. So but you know once you have the"}, {"end": "04:43:04", "start": "04:43:00", "text": "platform you kind of build your way up"}, {"end": "04:43:06", "start": "04:43:02", "text": "there and you get there. But the"}, {"end": "04:43:08", "start": "04:43:04", "text": "foundation of the platform is lifestyle."}, {"end": "04:43:09", "start": "04:43:06", "text": "You have to eat right you have to"}, {"end": "04:43:11", "start": "04:43:08", "text": "exercise. You have to sleep right. You"}, {"end": "04:43:12", "start": "04:43:09", "text": "have to have good mental health. If you"}, {"end": "04:43:14", "start": "04:43:11", "text": "don't, you're dead. And then the next"}, {"end": "04:43:16", "start": "04:43:12", "text": "level up is saying, okay, regenerative"}, {"end": "04:43:18", "start": "04:43:14", "text": "interventions, so hyperbarics and stem"}, {"end": "04:43:19", "start": "04:43:16", "text": "cells. And then as you move up, there's"}, {"end": "04:43:21", "start": "04:43:18", "text": "replacement parts. And as you move up,"}, {"end": "04:43:22", "start": "04:43:19", "text": "gene therapies for these types of"}, {"end": "04:43:24", "start": "04:43:21", "text": "things. But you can kind of walk the"}, {"end": "04:43:27", "start": "04:43:22", "text": "stack. Every step of the way though, you"}, {"end": "04:43:29", "start": "04:43:24", "text": "get two health span, longer lifespan and"}, {"end": "04:43:31", "start": "04:43:27", "text": "more comfortable life throughout. So"}, {"end": "04:43:32", "start": "04:43:29", "text": "it's not to make you immortal, but it's"}, {"end": "04:43:35", "start": "04:43:31", "text": "to say, hey, in your 80s, you're not a"}, {"end": "04:43:36", "start": "04:43:32", "text": "frail person, you know, scrunched over"}, {"end": "04:43:39", "start": "04:43:35", "text": "and you can't move. In your 80s, you're"}, {"end": "04:43:41", "start": "04:43:36", "text": "walking around. You're having fun. This"}, {"end": "04:43:43", "start": "04:43:39", "text": "is how Peter Aia thinks about life. You"}, {"end": "04:43:45", "start": "04:43:41", "text": "know, he he says, \"Hey, you should think"}, {"end": "04:43:48", "start": "04:43:43", "text": "about the proximal decade of your life,"}, {"end": "04:43:49", "start": "04:43:45", "text": "the last 10 years.\" And uh and you"}, {"end": "04:43:50", "start": "04:43:48", "text": "should say, \"Okay, what do you want to"}, {"end": "04:43:52", "start": "04:43:49", "text": "do in the last 10 years of your life? Do"}, {"end": "04:43:54", "start": "04:43:50", "text": "you want to be able to walk by yourself"}, {"end": "04:43:56", "start": "04:43:52", "text": "without a walker? You want to be able to"}, {"end": "04:43:58", "start": "04:43:54", "text": "swim for half a mile. You don't want to"}, {"end": "04:44:00", "start": "04:43:56", "text": "be able to, you know, uh feed yourself"}, {"end": "04:44:02", "start": "04:43:58", "text": "and clothe yourself. You know, you want"}, {"end": "04:44:04", "start": "04:44:00", "text": "to be able to take showers unassisted.\""}, {"end": "04:44:06", "start": "04:44:02", "text": "You write those things down and there's"}, {"end": "04:44:07", "start": "04:44:04", "text": "a formula and you have to crank up and"}, {"end": "04:44:09", "start": "04:44:06", "text": "say, \"Okay, how much muscle do you have"}, {"end": "04:44:11", "start": "04:44:07", "text": "to enter your 50s and your 60s in?\""}, {"end": "04:44:13", "start": "04:44:09", "text": "Because it's really hard to build muscle"}, {"end": "04:44:14", "start": "04:44:11", "text": "after your 60s. What type of foods do"}, {"end": "04:44:16", "start": "04:44:13", "text": "you need to eat? What type of sleep do"}, {"end": "04:44:17", "start": "04:44:14", "text": "you need to have? What type of other"}, {"end": "04:44:19", "start": "04:44:16", "text": "interventions do you need to do? And"}, {"end": "04:44:20", "start": "04:44:17", "text": "then that'll tell you basically what you"}, {"end": "04:44:22", "start": "04:44:19", "text": "need to do every day to be able to get"}, {"end": "04:44:24", "start": "04:44:20", "text": "to that point in the proximal decade."}, {"end": "04:44:25", "start": "04:44:22", "text": "Well, I think of it that, but I say,"}, {"end": "04:44:26", "start": "04:44:24", "text": "\"Well, you know, maybe I'll give you a"}, {"end": "04:44:28", "start": "04:44:25", "text": "little bit of help because not"}, {"end": "04:44:29", "start": "04:44:26", "text": "everybody's Ned Flanders and they're"}, {"end": "04:44:30", "start": "04:44:28", "text": "going to [\u00a0__\u00a0] do everything right.\""}, {"end": "04:44:33", "start": "04:44:29", "text": "Right. You know, sometimes we like our"}, {"end": "04:44:36", "start": "04:44:30", "text": "hard whiskey and fast women and, you"}, {"end": "04:44:38", "start": "04:44:33", "text": "know, bad stressful situations. The the"}, {"end": "04:44:40", "start": "04:44:36", "text": "best ex-wife I never had, right?"}, {"end": "04:44:42", "start": "04:44:38", "text": "Sometimes we like that stuff. So, the"}, {"end": "04:44:44", "start": "04:44:40", "text": "stem cell part is about correcting the"}, {"end": "04:44:46", "start": "04:44:42", "text": "problems that we had and hyperbarics is"}, {"end": "04:44:48", "start": "04:44:44", "text": "about correcting the problems we have."}, {"end": "04:44:50", "start": "04:44:46", "text": "And what's really magical about it is"}, {"end": "04:44:53", "start": "04:44:48", "text": "the AI is is helping tremendously. you"}, {"end": "04:44:54", "start": "04:44:50", "text": "know, uh, we're able to do literature"}, {"end": "04:44:56", "start": "04:44:53", "text": "review, especially from the Chinese"}, {"end": "04:44:58", "start": "04:44:54", "text": "papers, because the Chinese have so many"}, {"end": "04:45:00", "start": "04:44:56", "text": "of these guys working on this and they"}, {"end": "04:45:01", "start": "04:44:58", "text": "just trained more scientists than we"}, {"end": "04:45:03", "start": "04:45:00", "text": "did, but you can't read the papers"}, {"end": "04:45:04", "start": "04:45:01", "text": "because they're in Chinese or even when"}, {"end": "04:45:06", "start": "04:45:03", "text": "they're in English, it's it's they're"}, {"end": "04:45:08", "start": "04:45:04", "text": "very inaccessible. So, we were able to"}, {"end": "04:45:09", "start": "04:45:06", "text": "take pretty much every paper ever"}, {"end": "04:45:11", "start": "04:45:08", "text": "written in China and every paper written"}, {"end": "04:45:13", "start": "04:45:09", "text": "in other jurisdictions and run it"}, {"end": "04:45:14", "start": "04:45:11", "text": "through AI models and say, well, who's"}, {"end": "04:45:16", "start": "04:45:13", "text": "working on this thing and who's working"}, {"end": "04:45:18", "start": "04:45:14", "text": "on this thing and what were their"}, {"end": "04:45:19", "start": "04:45:16", "text": "experimental results that they got? and"}, {"end": "04:45:21", "start": "04:45:18", "text": "it gives you some indication of what's"}, {"end": "04:45:23", "start": "04:45:19", "text": "working and what's not working and it's"}, {"end": "04:45:25", "start": "04:45:21", "text": "already paid huge dividends and a lot of"}, {"end": "04:45:26", "start": "04:45:23", "text": "the research that we've done and I'd say"}, {"end": "04:45:28", "start": "04:45:25", "text": "just the last two years in particular"}, {"end": "04:45:29", "start": "04:45:26", "text": "we've probably done five or 10 years"}, {"end": "04:45:32", "start": "04:45:28", "text": "worth of desk work you know for this and"}, {"end": "04:45:34", "start": "04:45:29", "text": "I have a lot of MD PhDs that work for me"}, {"end": "04:45:35", "start": "04:45:32", "text": "so they do the translational medicine so"}, {"end": "04:45:37", "start": "04:45:34", "text": "they're able to take the basic science"}, {"end": "04:45:39", "start": "04:45:35", "text": "and then translate it and say this is"}, {"end": "04:45:40", "start": "04:45:37", "text": "what would be required for a human trial"}, {"end": "04:45:42", "start": "04:45:39", "text": "and here's how many patients you need"}, {"end": "04:45:44", "start": "04:45:40", "text": "and here's how the FDA is going to get"}, {"end": "04:45:46", "start": "04:45:42", "text": "happy and you know these types of things"}, {"end": "04:45:47", "start": "04:45:44", "text": "so it's super exciting you know to be"}, {"end": "04:45:49", "start": "04:45:46", "text": "able to to start that And that's going"}, {"end": "04:45:51", "start": "04:45:47", "text": "to be probably my legacy company. It's a"}, {"end": "04:45:54", "start": "04:45:49", "text": "very slow burner. Crypto's fast and"}, {"end": "04:45:56", "start": "04:45:51", "text": "exciting and chaotic and crazy. And the"}, {"end": "04:45:57", "start": "04:45:54", "text": "mathematics stuff which we kind of"}, {"end": "04:45:59", "start": "04:45:56", "text": "talked about like uh but I didn't"}, {"end": "04:46:00", "start": "04:45:57", "text": "mention the Hoskinson Center for Formal"}, {"end": "04:46:03", "start": "04:45:59", "text": "Mathematics. That's like a big passion"}, {"end": "04:46:05", "start": "04:46:00", "text": "of mine. But the the medicine thing is"}, {"end": "04:46:06", "start": "04:46:03", "text": "like the family business. This is what"}, {"end": "04:46:09", "start": "04:46:05", "text": "my grandpa did. It's what my dad does,"}, {"end": "04:46:11", "start": "04:46:06", "text": "what my brother does. And I really want"}, {"end": "04:46:13", "start": "04:46:09", "text": "to see, you know, 100 years from now,"}, {"end": "04:46:15", "start": "04:46:11", "text": "200 years from now, say this was the"}, {"end": "04:46:16", "start": "04:46:13", "text": "nexus of a new paradigm of medicine"}, {"end": "04:46:18", "start": "04:46:15", "text": "where we pulled a lot of different ideas"}, {"end": "04:46:21", "start": "04:46:16", "text": "together and we pivoted medicine back"}, {"end": "04:46:22", "start": "04:46:18", "text": "from treatments to cures. You we got"}, {"end": "04:46:24", "start": "04:46:21", "text": "people thinking how do I fix your"}, {"end": "04:46:26", "start": "04:46:22", "text": "problem instead of how do I manage your"}, {"end": "04:46:30", "start": "04:46:24", "text": "problem and create an economic system"}, {"end": "04:46:34", "start": "04:46:26", "text": "where that's profitable. Wow."}, {"end": "04:46:36", "start": "04:46:30", "text": "You have got a lot going on. Yeah,"}, {"end": "04:46:39", "start": "04:46:34", "text": "you got a lot going on. How do you I"}, {"end": "04:46:39", "start": "04:46:36", "text": "mean"}, {"end": "04:46:45", "start": "04:46:39", "text": "all these are amazing things. How do you"}, {"end": "04:46:46", "start": "04:46:42", "text": "I mean how do you"}, {"end": "04:46:49", "start": "04:46:45", "text": "how do you know what to put your energy"}, {"end": "04:46:51", "start": "04:46:46", "text": "into? What's the balance?"}, {"end": "04:46:53", "start": "04:46:49", "text": "Well, I'd say there's two parts to that,"}, {"end": "04:46:55", "start": "04:46:51", "text": "you know. One is um how do you make more"}, {"end": "04:46:57", "start": "04:46:53", "text": "energy and time, you know, and how do"}, {"end": "04:46:59", "start": "04:46:55", "text": "you better manage and organize your life"}, {"end": "04:47:04", "start": "04:46:57", "text": "and your time so that you can do these"}, {"end": "04:47:06", "start": "04:46:59", "text": "things? And then the other thing is uh"}, {"end": "04:47:08", "start": "04:47:04", "text": "you have to have an ethos that guides"}, {"end": "04:47:10", "start": "04:47:06", "text": "you so everything organically kind of"}, {"end": "04:47:12", "start": "04:47:08", "text": "clicks together and fits together into"}, {"end": "04:47:13", "start": "04:47:10", "text": "one comprehensive framework. So things"}, {"end": "04:47:14", "start": "04:47:12", "text": "are natural extension of these. Like"}, {"end": "04:47:16", "start": "04:47:13", "text": "when you look at Elon Musk, he seems"}, {"end": "04:47:18", "start": "04:47:14", "text": "like insane and chaotic from the"}, {"end": "04:47:20", "start": "04:47:16", "text": "outside. But when you integrate things"}, {"end": "04:47:22", "start": "04:47:18", "text": "together, you start realizing there's a"}, {"end": "04:47:24", "start": "04:47:20", "text": "cohesive picture behind all of his"}, {"end": "04:47:26", "start": "04:47:22", "text": "startups. Like why does he have the"}, {"end": "04:47:27", "start": "04:47:24", "text": "boring company? That doesn't make any"}, {"end": "04:47:29", "start": "04:47:26", "text": "sense. He's drilling all these tunnels"}, {"end": "04:47:32", "start": "04:47:27", "text": "underground. Like why would he do that?"}, {"end": "04:47:33", "start": "04:47:29", "text": "Well, if he wants to go to Mars, humans"}, {"end": "04:47:34", "start": "04:47:32", "text": "aren't going to live on the surface of"}, {"end": "04:47:35", "start": "04:47:33", "text": "Mars. They're going to live underground."}, {"end": "04:47:37", "start": "04:47:34", "text": "So, you're going to have to build"}, {"end": "04:47:39", "start": "04:47:35", "text": "massive tunnel complexes underground to"}, {"end": "04:47:41", "start": "04:47:37", "text": "be able to go through. Well, why does he"}, {"end": "04:47:42", "start": "04:47:39", "text": "have a solar company? Why does that make"}, {"end": "04:47:43", "start": "04:47:41", "text": "any sense? Well, you know, he's going to"}, {"end": "04:47:44", "start": "04:47:42", "text": "have to be pretty good at building power"}, {"end": "04:47:46", "start": "04:47:43", "text": "plants, right? So, why don't you build"}, {"end": "04:47:48", "start": "04:47:44", "text": "large solar fields? Cuz there's no real"}, {"end": "04:47:51", "start": "04:47:46", "text": "estate problems on Mars, so you can"}, {"end": "04:47:53", "start": "04:47:48", "text": "build like a 5m solar solar field on"}, {"end": "04:47:54", "start": "04:47:51", "text": "Mars if he wanted to, right? Um why is"}, {"end": "04:47:55", "start": "04:47:53", "text": "he building a robotics company? You"}, {"end": "04:47:57", "start": "04:47:54", "text": "know, why why does he have all these"}, {"end": "04:47:58", "start": "04:47:55", "text": "Tesla bots and these types of things?"}, {"end": "04:47:59", "start": "04:47:57", "text": "Well, he has all those Tesla bots"}, {"end": "04:48:01", "start": "04:47:58", "text": "because, you know, where's your"}, {"end": "04:48:03", "start": "04:47:59", "text": "workforce? If you're on Mars, you're not"}, {"end": "04:48:05", "start": "04:48:01", "text": "going to have 5 million humans show up"}, {"end": "04:48:07", "start": "04:48:03", "text": "overnight, but you can ship millions of"}, {"end": "04:48:08", "start": "04:48:05", "text": "robots ahead of time and use them as"}, {"end": "04:48:10", "start": "04:48:07", "text": "your labor force to help build up"}, {"end": "04:48:12", "start": "04:48:08", "text": "everything. And they don't need"}, {"end": "04:48:14", "start": "04:48:10", "text": "atmosphere or any of these other things."}, {"end": "04:48:16", "start": "04:48:12", "text": "Why does he have an AI company? Well,"}, {"end": "04:48:17", "start": "04:48:14", "text": "you need some sort of intelligence to"}, {"end": "04:48:19", "start": "04:48:16", "text": "coordinate and run and terraform the"}, {"end": "04:48:21", "start": "04:48:17", "text": "planet and do all these things. Why does"}, {"end": "04:48:22", "start": "04:48:19", "text": "he need a battery powered car company?"}, {"end": "04:48:24", "start": "04:48:21", "text": "Cuz you're not going to be running"}, {"end": "04:48:26", "start": "04:48:22", "text": "internal combustion engines. There's no"}, {"end": "04:48:28", "start": "04:48:24", "text": "fossil fuels to consume on Mars. So you"}, {"end": "04:48:30", "start": "04:48:26", "text": "need battery power cars to be able to"}, {"end": "04:48:32", "start": "04:48:28", "text": "drive them around. So it's it's actually"}, {"end": "04:48:33", "start": "04:48:30", "text": "coherent when you see that entire"}, {"end": "04:48:35", "start": "04:48:32", "text": "framework. He probably like wrote it all"}, {"end": "04:48:37", "start": "04:48:33", "text": "down while high and drunk at or Burning"}, {"end": "04:48:40", "start": "04:48:35", "text": "Man or something like that and he's like"}, {"end": "04:48:41", "start": "04:48:37", "text": "this makes so much sense. I'm so smart"}, {"end": "04:48:43", "start": "04:48:40", "text": "and he's just got like this pure force"}, {"end": "04:48:44", "start": "04:48:41", "text": "of will. So you know he's he's just"}, {"end": "04:48:46", "start": "04:48:43", "text": "doing it and just having fun doing it."}, {"end": "04:48:47", "start": "04:48:44", "text": "But if you look at it from the outside"}, {"end": "04:48:48", "start": "04:48:46", "text": "like everything looks like chaotic and"}, {"end": "04:48:51", "start": "04:48:47", "text": "crazy. Like why are we doing all these"}, {"end": "04:48:53", "start": "04:48:48", "text": "things? Um then when you look at like"}, {"end": "04:48:55", "start": "04:48:51", "text": "the energy where do you make energy more"}, {"end": "04:48:57", "start": "04:48:53", "text": "time? The single most valuable thing you"}, {"end": "04:48:59", "start": "04:48:55", "text": "can invest in if you're young is a"}, {"end": "04:49:02", "start": "04:48:57", "text": "second brain. You know, PKM, a personal"}, {"end": "04:49:04", "start": "04:48:59", "text": "knowledge management system. You have to"}, {"end": "04:49:05", "start": "04:49:02", "text": "be very good at note-taking and making."}, {"end": "04:49:07", "start": "04:49:04", "text": "And you have to be very good at"}, {"end": "04:49:09", "start": "04:49:05", "text": "organizing what you know and learning"}, {"end": "04:49:11", "start": "04:49:07", "text": "how to learn. You have to be exceedingly"}, {"end": "04:49:14", "start": "04:49:09", "text": "good at saying, okay, there's software"}, {"end": "04:49:16", "start": "04:49:11", "text": "for this like Obsidian or Notion or"}, {"end": "04:49:18", "start": "04:49:14", "text": "Evernote or OneNote. It doesn't matter"}, {"end": "04:49:19", "start": "04:49:16", "text": "the particular note system. You have to"}, {"end": "04:49:21", "start": "04:49:18", "text": "be really good at saying, \"How do I put"}, {"end": "04:49:23", "start": "04:49:19", "text": "my knowledge somewhere, the things that"}, {"end": "04:49:26", "start": "04:49:21", "text": "I know and link them so that I can find"}, {"end": "04:49:28", "start": "04:49:23", "text": "them again with context?\" It's not good"}, {"end": "04:49:30", "start": "04:49:26", "text": "enough to write something down because"}, {"end": "04:49:32", "start": "04:49:28", "text": "what if you find a handwritten note from"}, {"end": "04:49:34", "start": "04:49:30", "text": "25 years ago, you look at it, who the"}, {"end": "04:49:37", "start": "04:49:32", "text": "hell is Seth, you know, and what was he"}, {"end": "04:49:39", "start": "04:49:34", "text": "doing with that donkey? The [\u00a0__\u00a0] is this"}, {"end": "04:49:42", "start": "04:49:37", "text": "note about? You know, I don't know. You"}, {"end": "04:49:43", "start": "04:49:39", "text": "know, it it's like it's it's it's not"}, {"end": "04:49:45", "start": "04:49:42", "text": "meaningful. But if you have linked"}, {"end": "04:49:47", "start": "04:49:43", "text": "knowledge, then that name would been"}, {"end": "04:49:49", "start": "04:49:45", "text": "linked to a person and that's linked to"}, {"end": "04:49:51", "start": "04:49:47", "text": "another thing and that donkey is linked"}, {"end": "04:49:53", "start": "04:49:49", "text": "to another thing and it's and oh Tijuana"}, {"end": "04:49:55", "start": "04:49:51", "text": "okay now I know what was going on. So"}, {"end": "04:49:56", "start": "04:49:53", "text": "you have your linked knowledge. So"}, {"end": "04:49:58", "start": "04:49:55", "text": "knowledge linking is so powerful and"}, {"end": "04:50:00", "start": "04:49:56", "text": "it's how your brain thinks. If you look"}, {"end": "04:50:03", "start": "04:49:58", "text": "at how memory formation works, it's kind"}, {"end": "04:50:04", "start": "04:50:00", "text": "of a three-stage process and you know um"}, {"end": "04:50:07", "start": "04:50:03", "text": "first is the encoding when you read"}, {"end": "04:50:08", "start": "04:50:04", "text": "something uh you know do you encode it"}, {"end": "04:50:10", "start": "04:50:07", "text": "properly and that's the linkage of that"}, {"end": "04:50:13", "start": "04:50:08", "text": "to other things that you know and and"}, {"end": "04:50:15", "start": "04:50:10", "text": "then uh the next stage is is getting"}, {"end": "04:50:16", "start": "04:50:13", "text": "proper sleep because while you sleep"}, {"end": "04:50:19", "start": "04:50:15", "text": "memory formation is happening and then"}, {"end": "04:50:21", "start": "04:50:16", "text": "the third phase is recall so how do you"}, {"end": "04:50:24", "start": "04:50:19", "text": "pull it out of the system so your PKM"}, {"end": "04:50:26", "start": "04:50:21", "text": "has to mirror how your brain works as a"}, {"end": "04:50:27", "start": "04:50:24", "text": "human being and we do the exact opposite"}, {"end": "04:50:30", "start": "04:50:26", "text": "with note takingaking and knowledge"}, {"end": "04:50:32", "start": "04:50:27", "text": "systems. We put them in wikis and we put"}, {"end": "04:50:34", "start": "04:50:30", "text": "big deep hierarchies and things like"}, {"end": "04:50:35", "start": "04:50:32", "text": "that. And just for a moment, if you"}, {"end": "04:50:38", "start": "04:50:34", "text": "smell something, do you go to your"}, {"end": "04:50:40", "start": "04:50:35", "text": "folder like folder of smells and go"}, {"end": "04:50:42", "start": "04:50:38", "text": "navigate down and and work your way"}, {"end": "04:50:43", "start": "04:50:40", "text": "through a bunch of like characteristics"}, {"end": "04:50:45", "start": "04:50:42", "text": "of the smell? Maybe if you're like a"}, {"end": "04:50:47", "start": "04:50:43", "text": "somalier or something, I don't [\u00a0__\u00a0]"}, {"end": "04:50:49", "start": "04:50:45", "text": "know. But no, that smell is linked to a"}, {"end": "04:50:52", "start": "04:50:47", "text": "place and a location and a time or"}, {"end": "04:50:53", "start": "04:50:49", "text": "things like that's linked knowledge. So,"}, {"end": "04:50:55", "start": "04:50:52", "text": "it has to be a bottomup knowledge"}, {"end": "04:50:58", "start": "04:50:53", "text": "system. It has to mirror how the human"}, {"end": "04:50:59", "start": "04:50:55", "text": "brain cognates and how memory formation"}, {"end": "04:51:01", "start": "04:50:58", "text": "works. And then you have to have a"}, {"end": "04:51:04", "start": "04:50:59", "text": "metadata system around it, whether it's"}, {"end": "04:51:06", "start": "04:51:01", "text": "latch or something else that allows you"}, {"end": "04:51:08", "start": "04:51:04", "text": "to find things with context. Now, if you"}, {"end": "04:51:10", "start": "04:51:06", "text": "have that, what ends up happening is"}, {"end": "04:51:12", "start": "04:51:08", "text": "you've made time for yourself because"}, {"end": "04:51:15", "start": "04:51:10", "text": "you can deal with basically infinite"}, {"end": "04:51:17", "start": "04:51:12", "text": "complexity. You just have rooms in your"}, {"end": "04:51:19", "start": "04:51:15", "text": "second brain. So, you know, I'm in"}, {"end": "04:51:21", "start": "04:51:17", "text": "clinic mode, so here's my clinic room."}, {"end": "04:51:24", "start": "04:51:19", "text": "I'm in synthetic biology mode. So,"}, {"end": "04:51:26", "start": "04:51:21", "text": "here's my synthetic biology room. Uh,"}, {"end": "04:51:28", "start": "04:51:24", "text": "I'm in cryptocurrency land. So, here's"}, {"end": "04:51:30", "start": "04:51:26", "text": "my cryptocurrency thing. And those rooms"}, {"end": "04:51:32", "start": "04:51:28", "text": "are linked to each other. So, maybe"}, {"end": "04:51:33", "start": "04:51:30", "text": "there's this thing in medicine that's"}, {"end": "04:51:36", "start": "04:51:32", "text": "linked to cryptocurrency, private"}, {"end": "04:51:38", "start": "04:51:33", "text": "medical records. So, fourth generation"}, {"end": "04:51:41", "start": "04:51:36", "text": "cryptocurrency, privacy and identity."}, {"end": "04:51:42", "start": "04:51:38", "text": "Okay. So, well, how do I connect that to"}, {"end": "04:51:44", "start": "04:51:41", "text": "this? And how do I use a blockchain to"}, {"end": "04:51:45", "start": "04:51:42", "text": "sell my medical record system thing"}, {"end": "04:51:48", "start": "04:51:44", "text": "here? Well, now they're cross-lin."}, {"end": "04:51:51", "start": "04:51:45", "text": "They're there, right? And if you at the"}, {"end": "04:51:52", "start": "04:51:48", "text": "time of the note making you link that"}, {"end": "04:51:55", "start": "04:51:51", "text": "that it's there forever inside your"}, {"end": "04:51:56", "start": "04:51:52", "text": "second brain and you never forget it."}, {"end": "04:51:58", "start": "04:51:55", "text": "You see? So you can come back 25 years"}, {"end": "04:51:59", "start": "04:51:56", "text": "later and recover knowledge. So there's"}, {"end": "04:52:01", "start": "04:51:58", "text": "a whole systems for this called Zetto"}, {"end": "04:52:03", "start": "04:51:59", "text": "Casten which was Ludman's system and"}, {"end": "04:52:05", "start": "04:52:01", "text": "there's a lovely book how to take smart"}, {"end": "04:52:07", "start": "04:52:03", "text": "notes uh that talks about it. But"}, {"end": "04:52:09", "start": "04:52:05", "text": "there's thousands of profits in this"}, {"end": "04:52:11", "start": "04:52:07", "text": "personal productivity world. Um Nick"}, {"end": "04:52:14", "start": "04:52:09", "text": "Milo is one and there's Guy Zultz who's"}, {"end": "04:52:16", "start": "04:52:11", "text": "a weird Bulgarian guy. Uh but you know"}, {"end": "04:52:18", "start": "04:52:14", "text": "it's all the same roads to the same"}, {"end": "04:52:22", "start": "04:52:16", "text": "destination which is you create a second"}, {"end": "04:52:24", "start": "04:52:18", "text": "brain and you think into that then uh"}, {"end": "04:52:27", "start": "04:52:22", "text": "recharge and rejuvenate."}, {"end": "04:52:29", "start": "04:52:24", "text": "You can't just go go go. You have to"}, {"end": "04:52:31", "start": "04:52:27", "text": "have hard and soft hard and soft. You"}, {"end": "04:52:33", "start": "04:52:29", "text": "have to get into a cadence in life where"}, {"end": "04:52:36", "start": "04:52:31", "text": "you're able to give yourself the space"}, {"end": "04:52:38", "start": "04:52:33", "text": "to recharge. And in many cases that"}, {"end": "04:52:40", "start": "04:52:36", "text": "means doing nothing. Mhm. You know you"}, {"end": "04:52:42", "start": "04:52:38", "text": "just you're literally just going to sit"}, {"end": "04:52:44", "start": "04:52:40", "text": "down and [\u00a0__\u00a0] veg out. And the"}, {"end": "04:52:46", "start": "04:52:42", "text": "problem with a type A personality is you"}, {"end": "04:52:48", "start": "04:52:44", "text": "think that's like a mortal sin like"}, {"end": "04:52:50", "start": "04:52:46", "text": "you're sending orphans on fire or"}, {"end": "04:52:52", "start": "04:52:48", "text": "something like that like a Viking raider"}, {"end": "04:52:54", "start": "04:52:50", "text": "like boarding up the church. And it is"}, {"end": "04:52:55", "start": "04:52:52", "text": "it's like no it's okay. You know you"}, {"end": "04:52:57", "start": "04:52:54", "text": "you've done all these amazing things in"}, {"end": "04:52:59", "start": "04:52:55", "text": "life. You didn't get there by just"}, {"end": "04:53:01", "start": "04:52:57", "text": "killing yourself every day. You have to"}, {"end": "04:53:04", "start": "04:52:59", "text": "take a step back and let it drift and"}, {"end": "04:53:05", "start": "04:53:01", "text": "let yourself veg out and then rejuvenate"}, {"end": "04:53:07", "start": "04:53:04", "text": "and recharge. And then there's a"}, {"end": "04:53:09", "start": "04:53:05", "text": "habitualization of rejuvenation. That's"}, {"end": "04:53:12", "start": "04:53:07", "text": "why I have the ranch. You know, I take"}, {"end": "04:53:14", "start": "04:53:09", "text": "the Blackhawk up to the ranch. We land."}, {"end": "04:53:16", "start": "04:53:12", "text": "I'm there. I veg out for the weekend."}, {"end": "04:53:17", "start": "04:53:14", "text": "And I'm just driving around in my ATV"}, {"end": "04:53:18", "start": "04:53:16", "text": "and I see my bison. They're walking"}, {"end": "04:53:19", "start": "04:53:17", "text": "around. I look at them. They look at me"}, {"end": "04:53:21", "start": "04:53:18", "text": "and I say, \"You're going to kill me"}, {"end": "04:53:23", "start": "04:53:19", "text": "today.\" And they say, \"No.\" And I say,"}, {"end": "04:53:24", "start": "04:53:21", "text": "\"All right.\" And I just keep driving"}, {"end": "04:53:27", "start": "04:53:23", "text": "around. You know, maybe I see a mountain"}, {"end": "04:53:28", "start": "04:53:24", "text": "lion. Only did it once. You know, just"}, {"end": "04:53:29", "start": "04:53:27", "text": "hanging out on the road. They look at"}, {"end": "04:53:30", "start": "04:53:28", "text": "me. I look at them and I'm like, \"Come"}, {"end": "04:53:32", "start": "04:53:29", "text": "on, guys. You're supposed to be"}, {"end": "04:53:34", "start": "04:53:30", "text": "ferocious.\" And they slowly walk away"}, {"end": "04:53:37", "start": "04:53:32", "text": "and like, \"Oh, [\u00a0__\u00a0] you, too.\" Um, you"}, {"end": "04:53:38", "start": "04:53:34", "text": "know, and and so so but that's recharge,"}, {"end": "04:53:40", "start": "04:53:37", "text": "right? And it and you and if I wrote"}, {"end": "04:53:42", "start": "04:53:38", "text": "down on a piece of paper, what did I"}, {"end": "04:53:44", "start": "04:53:40", "text": "accomplish today? It's like nothing."}, {"end": "04:53:45", "start": "04:53:42", "text": "Absolutely nothing. But that then"}, {"end": "04:53:47", "start": "04:53:44", "text": "enables me to get back into the other"}, {"end": "04:53:49", "start": "04:53:45", "text": "mode, which is the hyper, you know,"}, {"end": "04:53:51", "start": "04:53:47", "text": "ferocious and we're gone, going, gone."}, {"end": "04:53:53", "start": "04:53:49", "text": "And when paired with a second brain, and"}, {"end": "04:53:54", "start": "04:53:51", "text": "you have that, you're good. But none of"}, {"end": "04:53:56", "start": "04:53:53", "text": "that means anything if you don't have"}, {"end": "04:53:58", "start": "04:53:54", "text": "motivation. And you only have motivation"}, {"end": "04:54:00", "start": "04:53:56", "text": "if you have an overarching threat of"}, {"end": "04:54:01", "start": "04:53:58", "text": "your life. So Musk has one. And that's"}, {"end": "04:54:03", "start": "04:54:00", "text": "why no matter what the hell he gets hit"}, {"end": "04:54:04", "start": "04:54:01", "text": "with, he just keeps going. And that's"}, {"end": "04:54:06", "start": "04:54:03", "text": "why he keeps building rockets and all"}, {"end": "04:54:08", "start": "04:54:04", "text": "this other stuff cuz he set an"}, {"end": "04:54:11", "start": "04:54:06", "text": "impossible goal and he's trying to make"}, {"end": "04:54:12", "start": "04:54:08", "text": "it possible. So I set a goal saying I"}, {"end": "04:54:14", "start": "04:54:11", "text": "want to change the economic, political,"}, {"end": "04:54:16", "start": "04:54:12", "text": "and social systems of the world. I think"}, {"end": "04:54:18", "start": "04:54:14", "text": "that I have a real shot of doing it"}, {"end": "04:54:20", "start": "04:54:16", "text": "using cryptocurrency technologies. So if"}, {"end": "04:54:22", "start": "04:54:18", "text": "I build enough technology and I get"}, {"end": "04:54:24", "start": "04:54:20", "text": "enough people to drink the Kool-Aid and"}, {"end": "04:54:25", "start": "04:54:22", "text": "get into this paradigm, they'll say,"}, {"end": "04:54:27", "start": "04:54:24", "text": "\"Yeah, actually there's there's a there"}, {"end": "04:54:29", "start": "04:54:25", "text": "there. We should go and do that.\" So"}, {"end": "04:54:30", "start": "04:54:27", "text": "then every day I wake up, I'm always"}, {"end": "04:54:33", "start": "04:54:29", "text": "going back to that and I'm asking like"}, {"end": "04:54:35", "start": "04:54:30", "text": "am how did I move the chains a little"}, {"end": "04:54:37", "start": "04:54:33", "text": "bit. So the other most important thing"}, {"end": "04:54:40", "start": "04:54:35", "text": "and I tell young people to do this all"}, {"end": "04:54:42", "start": "04:54:37", "text": "the time. Journal is the most powerful"}, {"end": "04:54:44", "start": "04:54:40", "text": "thing and you don't think it is but god"}, {"end": "04:54:46", "start": "04:54:42", "text": "it's so powerful."}, {"end": "04:54:48", "start": "04:54:44", "text": "It just it's a dialogue with yourself"}, {"end": "04:54:50", "start": "04:54:46", "text": "and just go out there. You don't have to"}, {"end": "04:54:51", "start": "04:54:48", "text": "be goal directed. Just write stuff down."}, {"end": "04:54:53", "start": "04:54:50", "text": "It could be a sentence. It could be a"}, {"end": "04:54:55", "start": "04:54:51", "text": "paragraph. It could be a [\u00a0__\u00a0] nolla."}, {"end": "04:54:57", "start": "04:54:53", "text": "Congratulations. If you're, you know,"}, {"end": "04:54:59", "start": "04:54:55", "text": "you're going to be a novelist, doesn't"}, {"end": "04:55:02", "start": "04:54:57", "text": "matter. What matters is the dialogue on"}, {"end": "04:55:03", "start": "04:54:59", "text": "a daily basis because it's a check-in"}, {"end": "04:55:06", "start": "04:55:02", "text": "with you. You're saying, \"How do I"}, {"end": "04:55:07", "start": "04:55:03", "text": "feel?\" You know, \"Where did I fail? What"}, {"end": "04:55:08", "start": "04:55:06", "text": "am I doing well? What am I not doing?"}, {"end": "04:55:11", "start": "04:55:07", "text": "What am I afraid of? What am I not"}, {"end": "04:55:13", "start": "04:55:08", "text": "afraid of?\" And it's so therapeutic."}, {"end": "04:55:15", "start": "04:55:11", "text": "Every research study that's ever done by"}, {"end": "04:55:16", "start": "04:55:13", "text": "psychologists and psychiatrists show"}, {"end": "04:55:18", "start": "04:55:15", "text": "that when people journal, their mental"}, {"end": "04:55:20", "start": "04:55:16", "text": "health is measurably better than when"}, {"end": "04:55:22", "start": "04:55:18", "text": "they don't journal, especially over a"}, {"end": "04:55:25", "start": "04:55:20", "text": "protracted period of time, 5 years, 10"}, {"end": "04:55:27", "start": "04:55:22", "text": "years, 15 years. And it helps you start"}, {"end": "04:55:28", "start": "04:55:25", "text": "building that muscle up to help you"}, {"end": "04:55:30", "start": "04:55:27", "text": "understand an overarching narrative"}, {"end": "04:55:32", "start": "04:55:28", "text": "because you can read all your journals"}, {"end": "04:55:35", "start": "04:55:30", "text": "especially with AI and you can say the"}, {"end": "04:55:39", "start": "04:55:32", "text": "last 10 years or 15 years what's the"}, {"end": "04:55:41", "start": "04:55:35", "text": "theme like you know the spaces in my"}, {"end": "04:55:43", "start": "04:55:39", "text": "life oh that's the cryptocurrency phase"}, {"end": "04:55:45", "start": "04:55:41", "text": "of your life or this phase or this phase"}, {"end": "04:55:47", "start": "04:55:43", "text": "like if Reagan Reagan was a brilliant"}, {"end": "04:55:49", "start": "04:55:45", "text": "guy and he he wrote tons of letters and"}, {"end": "04:55:51", "start": "04:55:47", "text": "but he also journaled a lot and he had"}, {"end": "04:55:53", "start": "04:55:49", "text": "phases in his life and you could clearly"}, {"end": "04:55:55", "start": "04:55:51", "text": "see it in his writing he's like he's the"}, {"end": "04:55:57", "start": "04:55:53", "text": "radio broadcaster phase and this is the"}, {"end": "04:55:59", "start": "04:55:55", "text": "actor phase and this is the screen actor"}, {"end": "04:56:01", "start": "04:55:57", "text": "guild phase and this is the GE spokesman"}, {"end": "04:56:04", "start": "04:55:59", "text": "phase and this is the political Reagan"}, {"end": "04:56:06", "start": "04:56:01", "text": "phase at the governor level and then the"}, {"end": "04:56:07", "start": "04:56:04", "text": "political Reagan phase at the president"}, {"end": "04:56:09", "start": "04:56:06", "text": "level and this is the Reagan phase post"}, {"end": "04:56:11", "start": "04:56:07", "text": "presidency dealing with Alzheimer's and"}, {"end": "04:56:12", "start": "04:56:09", "text": "every step of the way you could see the"}, {"end": "04:56:15", "start": "04:56:11", "text": "transformation of the person and his"}, {"end": "04:56:17", "start": "04:56:12", "text": "cognition and you could see him grow as"}, {"end": "04:56:18", "start": "04:56:15", "text": "a human being along the way what he"}, {"end": "04:56:23", "start": "04:56:17", "text": "talked about his perceptions and these"}, {"end": "04:56:25", "start": "04:56:18", "text": "things and what's nice about that is it"}, {"end": "04:56:27", "start": "04:56:23", "text": "shows how much you can accomplish as a"}, {"end": "04:56:29", "start": "04:56:25", "text": "human being in a decade. You know, we"}, {"end": "04:56:31", "start": "04:56:27", "text": "overestimate what we can do in a year."}, {"end": "04:56:32", "start": "04:56:29", "text": "We vastly underestimate what we can do"}, {"end": "04:56:35", "start": "04:56:31", "text": "in a decade. I was broke 10 years ago."}, {"end": "04:56:37", "start": "04:56:32", "text": "I'm billionaire today and I nobody knew"}, {"end": "04:56:38", "start": "04:56:35", "text": "who the hell I was 10 years ago. Now I'm"}, {"end": "04:56:40", "start": "04:56:37", "text": "pretty well-known guy. Million Twitter"}, {"end": "04:56:43", "start": "04:56:38", "text": "followers and a lot of people listen to"}, {"end": "04:56:45", "start": "04:56:40", "text": "me for better or for worse. But there's"}, {"end": "04:56:46", "start": "04:56:43", "text": "got there was no one moment where"}, {"end": "04:56:49", "start": "04:56:45", "text": "everything just magically changed and I"}, {"end": "04:56:52", "start": "04:56:46", "text": "instantly got famous. you know uh it was"}, {"end": "04:56:54", "start": "04:56:49", "text": "just a gradual thing and the resolution"}, {"end": "04:56:56", "start": "04:56:52", "text": "is too low uh for any one moment but if"}, {"end": "04:56:58", "start": "04:56:54", "text": "you look at the totality of all the"}, {"end": "04:57:00", "start": "04:56:56", "text": "writing you can get there and that is"}, {"end": "04:57:02", "start": "04:56:58", "text": "how you derive meaning once you look at"}, {"end": "04:57:04", "start": "04:57:00", "text": "these things you can kind of take the"}, {"end": "04:57:06", "start": "04:57:02", "text": "time during those veg out states to just"}, {"end": "04:57:08", "start": "04:57:04", "text": "consider it but once you have the"}, {"end": "04:57:10", "start": "04:57:06", "text": "meaning you're fanatic and then you have"}, {"end": "04:57:12", "start": "04:57:08", "text": "infinite energy because no matter how"}, {"end": "04:57:14", "start": "04:57:10", "text": "weak you get you can go back to that you"}, {"end": "04:57:16", "start": "04:57:12", "text": "know it's just like if you do something"}, {"end": "04:57:18", "start": "04:57:14", "text": "extreme like how do you survive buds or"}, {"end": "04:57:21", "start": "04:57:16", "text": "an ultramarathon or whatever the hell It"}, {"end": "04:57:22", "start": "04:57:18", "text": "is. It's not how strong physically you"}, {"end": "04:57:23", "start": "04:57:21", "text": "are. You could have been an Olympic"}, {"end": "04:57:25", "start": "04:57:22", "text": "swimmer or, you know, an Olympic"}, {"end": "04:57:26", "start": "04:57:23", "text": "champion and you have all these amazing"}, {"end": "04:57:29", "start": "04:57:25", "text": "skills. You're still going to ring the"}, {"end": "04:57:31", "start": "04:57:26", "text": "bell. You know, you have to have some"}, {"end": "04:57:32", "start": "04:57:29", "text": "why that's connecting there that burns"}, {"end": "04:57:35", "start": "04:57:31", "text": "within you that's transcendent of just"}, {"end": "04:57:37", "start": "04:57:32", "text": "pure ego. Like I'm a badass cuz they do"}, {"end": "04:57:39", "start": "04:57:35", "text": "everything in their power to destroy"}, {"end": "04:57:40", "start": "04:57:37", "text": "that image of you as a badass. And if"}, {"end": "04:57:42", "start": "04:57:39", "text": "they think that you still have that"}, {"end": "04:57:44", "start": "04:57:40", "text": "image, they'll make you a sugar cookie."}, {"end": "04:57:46", "start": "04:57:42", "text": "They'll just break you one. And that's"}, {"end": "04:57:48", "start": "04:57:44", "text": "what they're supposed to do. So even"}, {"end": "04:57:49", "start": "04:57:46", "text": "after the image of you as a badass is"}, {"end": "04:57:51", "start": "04:57:48", "text": "gone, there's got to be something that's"}, {"end": "04:57:53", "start": "04:57:49", "text": "left over that's a screaming burning why"}, {"end": "04:57:55", "start": "04:57:51", "text": "within you. And if you have meaning in"}, {"end": "04:57:56", "start": "04:57:53", "text": "your life, you have that. So then you"}, {"end": "04:57:58", "start": "04:57:55", "text": "can do anything, you know, at that"}, {"end": "04:57:59", "start": "04:57:56", "text": "point. And it's just a question, who are"}, {"end": "04:58:01", "start": "04:57:58", "text": "you doing it for? Are you doing it for"}, {"end": "04:58:03", "start": "04:57:59", "text": "yourself or are you doing it for the"}, {"end": "04:58:05", "start": "04:58:01", "text": "world as a whole? That's the difference"}, {"end": "04:58:06", "start": "04:58:03", "text": "between a good person and a bad person."}, {"end": "04:58:08", "start": "04:58:05", "text": "You know, I talked to a philosopher"}, {"end": "04:58:11", "start": "04:58:06", "text": "once. He said, Charles, you know what is"}, {"end": "04:58:14", "start": "04:58:08", "text": "the ultimate question in reality? I"}, {"end": "04:58:17", "start": "04:58:11", "text": "said, what is it?"}, {"end": "04:58:19", "start": "04:58:14", "text": "Will mankind on average return the"}, {"end": "04:58:20", "start": "04:58:17", "text": "shopping cart?"}, {"end": "04:58:22", "start": "04:58:19", "text": "I was like, what the [\u00a0__\u00a0] are you"}, {"end": "04:58:25", "start": "04:58:20", "text": "talking about? He said, well, think"}, {"end": "04:58:26", "start": "04:58:22", "text": "about it. You know, you're at Walmart,"}, {"end": "04:58:28", "start": "04:58:25", "text": "you're going out to your car, you can"}, {"end": "04:58:30", "start": "04:58:26", "text": "just leave that shopping cart in the"}, {"end": "04:58:32", "start": "04:58:28", "text": "parking space right next to your car,"}, {"end": "04:58:35", "start": "04:58:30", "text": "and there's no consequences to it if you"}, {"end": "04:58:36", "start": "04:58:32", "text": "do. It's kind of a shitty thing to do to"}, {"end": "04:58:38", "start": "04:58:35", "text": "the basket guy, but not really. It's"}, {"end": "04:58:40", "start": "04:58:36", "text": "kind of his job. If you return it,"}, {"end": "04:58:43", "start": "04:58:38", "text": "nobody thanks you. You don't really get"}, {"end": "04:58:45", "start": "04:58:40", "text": "any brownie points for it. So, a"}, {"end": "04:58:47", "start": "04:58:43", "text": "virtuous society is a society where all"}, {"end": "04:58:49", "start": "04:58:45", "text": "the baskets are returned. And an evil,"}, {"end": "04:58:51", "start": "04:58:47", "text": "immoral society is a society where none"}, {"end": "04:58:52", "start": "04:58:49", "text": "of them are returned. And I one of these"}, {"end": "04:58:54", "start": "04:58:51", "text": "days I'm going to fund a study where"}, {"end": "04:58:55", "start": "04:58:52", "text": "we're just going to use drones and go to"}, {"end": "04:58:57", "start": "04:58:54", "text": "like Walmart after Walmart and go to"}, {"end": "04:58:59", "start": "04:58:55", "text": "like all the broken neighborhoods and"}, {"end": "04:59:00", "start": "04:58:57", "text": "all the like happy Pleasantville"}, {"end": "04:59:01", "start": "04:58:59", "text": "neighborhoods and I'm going to see the"}, {"end": "04:59:03", "start": "04:59:00", "text": "ratio of shopping carts, you know, that"}, {"end": "04:59:05", "start": "04:59:01", "text": "have been returned versus not returned"}, {"end": "04:59:06", "start": "04:59:03", "text": "because it's an interesting thing. But I"}, {"end": "04:59:09", "start": "04:59:05", "text": "think there's some truth, you know, to"}, {"end": "04:59:11", "start": "04:59:06", "text": "all of that. It's like um it's those"}, {"end": "04:59:13", "start": "04:59:09", "text": "daily personal grind, you know, that you"}, {"end": "04:59:14", "start": "04:59:11", "text": "come back to and those little victories"}, {"end": "04:59:16", "start": "04:59:13", "text": "like did you go to the gym today? Did"}, {"end": "04:59:17", "start": "04:59:14", "text": "you like Jordan Peterson, did you make"}, {"end": "04:59:20", "start": "04:59:16", "text": "your bed today? You know, did you come"}, {"end": "04:59:22", "start": "04:59:17", "text": "to lobster? You know, those little wins"}, {"end": "04:59:24", "start": "04:59:20", "text": "that you do that accumulate over a"}, {"end": "04:59:26", "start": "04:59:22", "text": "lifetime and that excellence then"}, {"end": "04:59:28", "start": "04:59:24", "text": "permeates and it becomes part of it. And"}, {"end": "04:59:29", "start": "04:59:26", "text": "then the directionality of the wins, the"}, {"end": "04:59:33", "start": "04:59:28", "text": "meaning is like who are you doing those"}, {"end": "04:59:33", "start": "04:59:29", "text": "things for?"}, {"end": "04:59:39", "start": "04:59:34", "text": "Well, Charles, this has been a"}, {"end": "04:59:42", "start": "04:59:37", "text": "fascinating conversation"}, {"end": "04:59:45", "start": "04:59:39", "text": "and um want to want to leave with one"}, {"end": "04:59:47", "start": "04:59:42", "text": "one last question. If you had three"}, {"end": "04:59:48", "start": "04:59:45", "text": "people to recommend for the podcast, who"}, {"end": "04:59:49", "start": "04:59:47", "text": "would that be? Oh, that's a good"}, {"end": "04:59:52", "start": "04:59:48", "text": "question. Well, you got to have Ben Lamb"}, {"end": "04:59:54", "start": "04:59:49", "text": "on. Come on. He's Mr. Mr. Direwolf. And"}, {"end": "04:59:58", "start": "04:59:52", "text": "I'll call him and be like, why you you"}, {"end": "05:00:00", "start": "04:59:54", "text": "got got on Sean Ryan. Come on. Um, have"}, {"end": "05:00:02", "start": "04:59:58", "text": "you ever interviewed Avi Lo? I have."}, {"end": "05:00:04", "start": "05:00:00", "text": "Okay. I have about what we just talked"}, {"end": "05:00:05", "start": "05:00:02", "text": "about there. Okay, good. So, you you"}, {"end": "05:00:07", "start": "05:00:04", "text": "know the whole Avi Lobo experience. He's"}, {"end": "05:00:09", "start": "05:00:05", "text": "a great guy. I love that guy. Oh, he's"}, {"end": "05:00:10", "start": "05:00:07", "text": "so good. He's so good. Spend two weeks"}, {"end": "05:00:12", "start": "05:00:09", "text": "on a ship with him. You'll know"}, {"end": "05:00:15", "start": "05:00:10", "text": "everything about him. Um shipmates are"}, {"end": "05:00:17", "start": "05:00:12", "text": "great. Um let's see here. Avi would be"}, {"end": "05:00:19", "start": "05:00:15", "text": "uh really really cool. Uh if you ever"}, {"end": "05:00:21", "start": "05:00:17", "text": "want to go deep science, Terry Tao would"}, {"end": "05:00:23", "start": "05:00:19", "text": "be a lot of fun to Terry Tao. Yeah, he's"}, {"end": "05:00:25", "start": "05:00:21", "text": "the smartest mathematician in the world."}, {"end": "05:00:28", "start": "05:00:23", "text": "He's like probably the smartest human"}, {"end": "05:00:30", "start": "05:00:25", "text": "being alive right now. I you know it"}, {"end": "05:00:32", "start": "05:00:28", "text": "just there's smart people and then"}, {"end": "05:00:34", "start": "05:00:30", "text": "there's people that just have infinite"}, {"end": "05:00:37", "start": "05:00:32", "text": "depth and"}, {"end": "05:00:39", "start": "05:00:34", "text": "I always was I'm always fascinated like"}, {"end": "05:00:42", "start": "05:00:37", "text": "how does he decide what problem to work"}, {"end": "05:00:44", "start": "05:00:39", "text": "on? Imagine if you have this curse where"}, {"end": "05:00:45", "start": "05:00:42", "text": "you can solve anything but not"}, {"end": "05:00:47", "start": "05:00:44", "text": "everything and you know the clock is"}, {"end": "05:00:48", "start": "05:00:45", "text": "ticking and you have finite time and"}, {"end": "05:00:51", "start": "05:00:47", "text": "you're going to lose your ability to do"}, {"end": "05:00:54", "start": "05:00:48", "text": "that. So what would you do? And Terry is"}, {"end": "05:00:55", "start": "05:00:51", "text": "one of those few human beings where he"}, {"end": "05:00:58", "start": "05:00:54", "text": "is legitimately in that position. He's"}, {"end": "05:00:59", "start": "05:00:55", "text": "so insanely He graduated from high"}, {"end": "05:01:01", "start": "05:00:58", "text": "school at 12. He got his PhD at Prince"}, {"end": "05:01:04", "start": "05:00:59", "text": "at 21. He won the Nobel Prize of math,"}, {"end": "05:01:06", "start": "05:01:01", "text": "the Fields Medal at 28. He's just so"}, {"end": "05:01:07", "start": "05:01:04", "text": "insanely brilliant. Like literally any"}, {"end": "05:01:10", "start": "05:01:06", "text": "problem he can solve. He can't solve"}, {"end": "05:01:11", "start": "05:01:07", "text": "them all. So like how does he spend his"}, {"end": "05:01:14", "start": "05:01:10", "text": "time? And you know, how does he make"}, {"end": "05:01:17", "start": "05:01:11", "text": "that decision? And uh you know what is"}, {"end": "05:01:19", "start": "05:01:14", "text": "elegant to him? What's amazing to him? I"}, {"end": "05:01:21", "start": "05:01:17", "text": "I I love looking at the extremes in"}, {"end": "05:01:23", "start": "05:01:19", "text": "people and saying, you know, this"}, {"end": "05:01:25", "start": "05:01:21", "text": "person, you know, what's there? Roger"}, {"end": "05:01:27", "start": "05:01:23", "text": "Penrose would be another and Federico"}, {"end": "05:01:29", "start": "05:01:25", "text": "Fagen. Roger in particular because he's"}, {"end": "05:01:31", "start": "05:01:27", "text": "at the twilight of his life and as one"}, {"end": "05:01:32", "start": "05:01:29", "text": "of the most brilliant physicists ever to"}, {"end": "05:01:34", "start": "05:01:31", "text": "live, he's chosen to spend his time on"}, {"end": "05:01:36", "start": "05:01:32", "text": "consciousness and he's chosen to spend"}, {"end": "05:01:38", "start": "05:01:34", "text": "his time on in particular quantum"}, {"end": "05:01:40", "start": "05:01:36", "text": "consciousness like this entanglement"}, {"end": "05:01:43", "start": "05:01:38", "text": "thing that we talked about earlier. He's"}, {"end": "05:01:45", "start": "05:01:40", "text": "a phenomenal speaker and um and it just"}, {"end": "05:01:47", "start": "05:01:43", "text": "there's a depth of of thought and and"}, {"end": "05:01:49", "start": "05:01:45", "text": "elegance of his thought that is"}, {"end": "05:01:51", "start": "05:01:47", "text": "tremendously refreshing uh for these"}, {"end": "05:01:53", "start": "05:01:49", "text": "things. I tend to be enamored with, you"}, {"end": "05:01:55", "start": "05:01:51", "text": "know, the people who have clean"}, {"end": "05:01:58", "start": "05:01:53", "text": "thinking, you know, and a very original"}, {"end": "05:02:00", "start": "05:01:55", "text": "thinking and and they're kind of in that"}, {"end": "05:02:02", "start": "05:01:58", "text": "they just don't give a [\u00a0__\u00a0] at all about"}, {"end": "05:02:05", "start": "05:02:00", "text": "the social consequences of what they say"}, {"end": "05:02:06", "start": "05:02:02", "text": "or do. They're totally divorced for it."}, {"end": "05:02:09", "start": "05:02:05", "text": "Like one mathematician I always want to"}, {"end": "05:02:10", "start": "05:02:06", "text": "meet was Gregory Pearlman and he did the"}, {"end": "05:02:12", "start": "05:02:09", "text": "thing that no one has ever dreamed to"}, {"end": "05:02:14", "start": "05:02:10", "text": "do. So he sore's conjecture which was"}, {"end": "05:02:16", "start": "05:02:12", "text": "this very hard math problem and he got"}, {"end": "05:02:18", "start": "05:02:14", "text": "the Nobel Prize in math for it and"}, {"end": "05:02:19", "start": "05:02:16", "text": "normally you go and show up get a"}, {"end": "05:02:20", "start": "05:02:18", "text": "million dollars and get this beautiful"}, {"end": "05:02:22", "start": "05:02:19", "text": "gold medal and then you tell all your"}, {"end": "05:02:24", "start": "05:02:20", "text": "friends like how smart you are and"}, {"end": "05:02:26", "start": "05:02:22", "text": "special. He turned it down and he left"}, {"end": "05:02:28", "start": "05:02:24", "text": "math. He's just like I did what I wanted"}, {"end": "05:02:30", "start": "05:02:26", "text": "to do and now he's just in St."}, {"end": "05:02:33", "start": "05:02:28", "text": "Petersburg riding the subway and like"}, {"end": "05:02:34", "start": "05:02:30", "text": "chopping wood and is completely out of"}, {"end": "05:02:37", "start": "05:02:33", "text": "the field and it's just inconceivable to"}, {"end": "05:02:38", "start": "05:02:34", "text": "me that somebody like wow at that level"}, {"end": "05:02:40", "start": "05:02:37", "text": "would do that and he doesn't take any"}, {"end": "05:02:41", "start": "05:02:38", "text": "interviews he doesn't talk to any"}, {"end": "05:02:44", "start": "05:02:40", "text": "journalist he's just on a different"}, {"end": "05:02:45", "start": "05:02:41", "text": "reality uh Matthew Ricard is another"}, {"end": "05:02:47", "start": "05:02:44", "text": "really cool guy there's a book written"}, {"end": "05:02:48", "start": "05:02:45", "text": "about him and they call him the happiest"}, {"end": "05:02:50", "start": "05:02:47", "text": "man in the world he's this Buddhist monk"}, {"end": "05:02:52", "start": "05:02:48", "text": "who was a scientist and then he decided"}, {"end": "05:02:54", "start": "05:02:50", "text": "to leave science and then he went into"}, {"end": "05:02:56", "start": "05:02:52", "text": "the monastery and uh he just meditated"}, {"end": "05:02:58", "start": "05:02:54", "text": "so much he found a way to like put"}, {"end": "05:02:59", "start": "05:02:56", "text": "himself in a state of bliss"}, {"end": "05:03:01", "start": "05:02:58", "text": "And because he was a scientist, he"}, {"end": "05:03:02", "start": "05:02:59", "text": "agreed to go through brain scans and"}, {"end": "05:03:03", "start": "05:03:01", "text": "everything like that. And his brain"}, {"end": "05:03:06", "start": "05:03:02", "text": "waves work totally different than any"}, {"end": "05:03:08", "start": "05:03:03", "text": "normal human being. So, and he's just a"}, {"end": "05:03:10", "start": "05:03:06", "text": "joyful guy, you know, you see him. So,"}, {"end": "05:03:12", "start": "05:03:08", "text": "the world's filled with these people. So"}, {"end": "05:03:14", "start": "05:03:10", "text": "my recommendation to you is just um find"}, {"end": "05:03:15", "start": "05:03:12", "text": "the people that are the extremes of"}, {"end": "05:03:17", "start": "05:03:14", "text": "things whether it be you know"}, {"end": "05:03:20", "start": "05:03:15", "text": "mathematical brilliance or meditation or"}, {"end": "05:03:21", "start": "05:03:17", "text": "these things and just try to say well"}, {"end": "05:03:24", "start": "05:03:20", "text": "why did you spend the time you know"}, {"end": "05:03:28", "start": "05:03:21", "text": "because all these people are products of"}, {"end": "05:03:30", "start": "05:03:24", "text": "a a constant vigilance and down and uh"}, {"end": "05:03:31", "start": "05:03:28", "text": "why did you choose those problems to"}, {"end": "05:03:33", "start": "05:03:30", "text": "solve over any other problem you know"}, {"end": "05:03:36", "start": "05:03:31", "text": "Roger Penrose could have worked on black"}, {"end": "05:03:38", "start": "05:03:33", "text": "holes or you know some other thing"}, {"end": "05:03:39", "start": "05:03:36", "text": "quantum computers but said consciousness"}, {"end": "05:03:41", "start": "05:03:38", "text": "that's not something normally a"}, {"end": "05:03:43", "start": "05:03:39", "text": "physicist spends a lot of time on,"}, {"end": "05:03:44", "start": "05:03:41", "text": "right? But then he chose that for some"}, {"end": "05:03:47", "start": "05:03:43", "text": "reason. But why did you spend the time"}, {"end": "05:03:50", "start": "05:03:44", "text": "for that?"}, {"end": "05:03:52", "start": "05:03:47", "text": "Very interesting. Well, Charles, it was"}, {"end": "05:03:56", "start": "05:03:50", "text": "an honor to host you and uh I hope to"}, {"end": "05:03:58", "start": "05:03:52", "text": "see you again. And um I just want to I"}, {"end": "05:04:03", "start": "05:03:56", "text": "just want to say again that that this"}, {"end": "05:04:05", "start": "05:03:58", "text": "entire 5 hours or whatever it was uh was"}, {"end": "05:04:07", "start": "05:04:03", "text": "never a dull moment. You're just a"}, {"end": "05:04:08", "start": "05:04:05", "text": "fascinating human being and thank you"}, {"end": "05:04:10", "start": "05:04:07", "text": "for everything you're doing and thank"}, {"end": "05:04:14", "start": "05:04:08", "text": "you for being here. Thank you so much."}, {"end": "05:04:14", "start": "05:04:10", "text": "This was a lot of fun. Cheers. Cheers."}, {"end": "05:04:22", "start": "05:04:19", "text": "[Music]"}, {"end": "05:04:27", "start": "05:04:24", "text": "No matter where you're watching Shawn"}, {"end": "05:04:30", "start": "05:04:25", "text": "Ryan Show from, if you get anything out"}, {"end": "05:04:32", "start": "05:04:27", "text": "of this, please like, comment,"}, {"end": "05:04:36", "start": "05:04:30", "text": "subscribe, and most importantly, share"}, {"end": "05:04:38", "start": "05:04:32", "text": "this everywhere you possibly can. And if"}, {"end": "05:04:41", "start": "05:04:36", "text": "you're feeling extra generous, please"}, {"end": "05:04:44", "start": "05:04:38", "text": "leave us a review on Apple and Spotify"}, {"end": "05:04:44", "start": "05:04:41", "text": "podcasts."}]

[{"end": "00:00:05", "start": "00:00:00", "text": "Over the next two years, the life you"}, {"end": "00:00:07", "start": "00:00:02", "text": "know will vanish. No warning, no vote,"}, {"end": "00:00:09", "start": "00:00:05", "text": "just an inferno of artificial"}, {"end": "00:00:12", "start": "00:00:07", "text": "intelligence that will burn away"}, {"end": "00:00:14", "start": "00:00:09", "text": "everything you're used to. Jobs,"}, {"end": "00:00:16", "start": "00:00:12", "text": "relationships, family, religion,"}, {"end": "00:00:19", "start": "00:00:14", "text": "economics, warfare. They will all become"}, {"end": "00:00:22", "start": "00:00:16", "text": "unrecognizable by the time a kid born"}, {"end": "00:00:24", "start": "00:00:19", "text": "today graduates high school. If such a"}, {"end": "00:00:26", "start": "00:00:22", "text": "thing even exists by then. Your job is"}, {"end": "00:00:28", "start": "00:00:24", "text": "to figure out what this change means for"}, {"end": "00:00:30", "start": "00:00:26", "text": "you and how to navigate it well so you"}, {"end": "00:00:32", "start": "00:00:28", "text": "do not get left behind. That's what"}, {"end": "00:00:34", "start": "00:00:30", "text": "we're going to be doing here today. Let"}, {"end": "00:00:37", "start": "00:00:32", "text": "me set the table. This moment in history"}, {"end": "00:00:40", "start": "00:00:34", "text": "is unparalleled. The world's two major"}, {"end": "00:00:41", "start": "00:00:37", "text": "superpowers are locked in a cold war,"}, {"end": "00:00:44", "start": "00:00:40", "text": "both battling for economic,"}, {"end": "00:00:47", "start": "00:00:41", "text": "technological, and military supremacy."}, {"end": "00:00:49", "start": "00:00:44", "text": "And AI sits at the heart of all three."}, {"end": "00:00:50", "start": "00:00:47", "text": "Charlie Mer famously said, \"Show me the"}, {"end": "00:00:52", "start": "00:00:49", "text": "incentives and I'll show you the"}, {"end": "00:00:55", "start": "00:00:50", "text": "outcome.\" When great powers are fighting"}, {"end": "00:00:56", "start": "00:00:52", "text": "for dominance, the only incentive is to"}, {"end": "00:00:58", "start": "00:00:55", "text": "compete and win. What does that mean for"}, {"end": "00:01:00", "start": "00:00:56", "text": "our future? America, the world's"}, {"end": "00:01:02", "start": "00:00:58", "text": "policeman, is in the middle of a debt"}, {"end": "00:01:04", "start": "00:01:00", "text": "crisis. Populism is on the rise."}, {"end": "00:01:06", "start": "00:01:02", "text": "Political tensions are at a fever pitch."}, {"end": "00:01:08", "start": "00:01:04", "text": "Credible voices see civil war on the"}, {"end": "00:01:10", "start": "00:01:06", "text": "horizon. And right in the middle of all"}, {"end": "00:01:12", "start": "00:01:08", "text": "of that is the AI revolution. So, what"}, {"end": "00:01:14", "start": "00:01:10", "text": "happens when an already pivotal moment"}, {"end": "00:01:16", "start": "00:01:12", "text": "in history occurs? Right in the middle"}, {"end": "00:01:19", "start": "00:01:14", "text": "of the most significant period of"}, {"end": "00:01:21", "start": "00:01:16", "text": "technological change the world has ever"}, {"end": "00:01:23", "start": "00:01:19", "text": "seen? That's what we're here to answer."}, {"end": "00:01:25", "start": "00:01:21", "text": "The next two years are going to be"}, {"end": "00:01:28", "start": "00:01:23", "text": "dramatic because history doesn't move"}, {"end": "00:01:30", "start": "00:01:25", "text": "forward smoothly. It lurches forward in"}, {"end": "00:01:33", "start": "00:01:28", "text": "sudden violent spasms of change when"}, {"end": "00:01:35", "start": "00:01:30", "text": "people revolt or science unlocks new"}, {"end": "00:01:37", "start": "00:01:33", "text": "abilities. Think of the printing press,"}, {"end": "00:01:39", "start": "00:01:35", "text": "electricity, the atomic age, the birth"}, {"end": "00:01:41", "start": "00:01:37", "text": "of the internet, and now AI. Now, my"}, {"end": "00:01:43", "start": "00:01:39", "text": "goal today isn't to convince you we"}, {"end": "00:01:44", "start": "00:01:41", "text": "should speed up or slow down. My goal is"}, {"end": "00:01:46", "start": "00:01:43", "text": "to help you understand the direction of"}, {"end": "00:01:49", "start": "00:01:44", "text": "travel and how to prosper through"}, {"end": "00:01:51", "start": "00:01:46", "text": "radical disruption. There's always a"}, {"end": "00:01:54", "start": "00:01:49", "text": "path. however narrow. Now, many, many"}, {"end": "00:01:56", "start": "00:01:51", "text": "people are going to emotionally implode"}, {"end": "00:01:58", "start": "00:01:54", "text": "over the next few years. Others though"}, {"end": "00:02:00", "start": "00:01:56", "text": "are going to win. In our time together"}, {"end": "00:02:02", "start": "00:01:58", "text": "today, I'm going to orient you towards"}, {"end": "00:02:04", "start": "00:02:00", "text": "what's happening and see if we can find"}, {"end": "00:02:07", "start": "00:02:02", "text": "that path, narrow though it may be, to"}, {"end": "00:02:09", "start": "00:02:04", "text": "winning in five easy parts. This time, I"}, {"end": "00:02:11", "start": "00:02:07", "text": "absolutely saved the best for last. So,"}, {"end": "00:02:13", "start": "00:02:09", "text": "make sure you watch to the end where we"}, {"end": "00:02:17", "start": "00:02:11", "text": "talk strategy for how to win in this"}, {"end": "00:02:19", "start": "00:02:13", "text": "insane time. Part one, the future is"}, {"end": "00:02:21", "start": "00:02:17", "text": "going to be faster and vaster than you"}, {"end": "00:02:23", "start": "00:02:19", "text": "think. In just the last year, more"}, {"end": "00:02:26", "start": "00:02:21", "text": "people talk to AI than their doctor,"}, {"end": "00:02:28", "start": "00:02:23", "text": "lawyer, or therapist. Character.ai,"}, {"end": "00:02:31", "start": "00:02:26", "text": "Replica, Chat, GPT, and Snapchat's AI"}, {"end": "00:02:34", "start": "00:02:28", "text": "alone engage with millions of users"}, {"end": "00:02:36", "start": "00:02:31", "text": "daily, far more often, and for longer"}, {"end": "00:02:38", "start": "00:02:34", "text": "than the average person consults with a"}, {"end": "00:02:40", "start": "00:02:36", "text": "professional of any kind for any reason."}, {"end": "00:02:42", "start": "00:02:38", "text": "Project that forward, and you quickly"}, {"end": "00:02:45", "start": "00:02:40", "text": "see how AI becomes the dominant form of"}, {"end": "00:02:46", "start": "00:02:42", "text": "social interaction. Full stop. But"}, {"end": "00:02:49", "start": "00:02:45", "text": "social interaction is just the"}, {"end": "00:02:51", "start": "00:02:46", "text": "beginning. AI is already changing jobs,"}, {"end": "00:02:54", "start": "00:02:49", "text": "medicine, engineering, warfare, and"}, {"end": "00:02:57", "start": "00:02:51", "text": "science. We are the proverbial frogs"}, {"end": "00:02:59", "start": "00:02:54", "text": "being boiled already. Sam Alman, the"}, {"end": "00:03:02", "start": "00:02:57", "text": "founder of Open AI, has predicted that"}, {"end": "00:03:03", "start": "00:02:59", "text": "AI is progressing at a rate of 300%"}, {"end": "00:03:05", "start": "00:03:02", "text": "year-over-year with no signs of"}, {"end": "00:03:08", "start": "00:03:03", "text": "stopping. Do you know how insane that"}, {"end": "00:03:12", "start": "00:03:05", "text": "is? 30% growth year-over-year would"}, {"end": "00:03:15", "start": "00:03:08", "text": "already be exponential. at 300% growth."}, {"end": "00:03:19", "start": "00:03:12", "text": "By the end of year 2, you're not at 600%"}, {"end": "00:03:22", "start": "00:03:15", "text": "growth. You're at 1,600%."}, {"end": "00:03:25", "start": "00:03:19", "text": "That's how compounding works. That's 16"}, {"end": "00:03:29", "start": "00:03:22", "text": "times your starting condition. In 3"}, {"end": "00:03:31", "start": "00:03:25", "text": "years, you're at 64 times your starting"}, {"end": "00:03:33", "start": "00:03:29", "text": "condition. Now, listen, even if Sam is"}, {"end": "00:03:35", "start": "00:03:31", "text": "delusional and it slows down for the"}, {"end": "00:03:38", "start": "00:03:33", "text": "terrifying reason I will explain in part"}, {"end": "00:03:41", "start": "00:03:35", "text": "three, it's never going to stop. AI is"}, {"end": "00:03:43", "start": "00:03:38", "text": "that moment on our timeline where an"}, {"end": "00:03:45", "start": "00:03:41", "text": "entirely new skill tree opens up and"}, {"end": "00:03:47", "start": "00:03:43", "text": "nothing is the same after. I want you to"}, {"end": "00:03:50", "start": "00:03:45", "text": "close your eyes and imagine this. An"}, {"end": "00:03:52", "start": "00:03:47", "text": "82-year-old man jogs a 10K at sunrise."}, {"end": "00:03:54", "start": "00:03:50", "text": "His knees feel perfect. He's"}, {"end": "00:03:57", "start": "00:03:52", "text": "biologically 38 thanks to AI"}, {"end": "00:03:59", "start": "00:03:54", "text": "reprogrammed stem cells. His romantic"}, {"end": "00:04:01", "start": "00:03:57", "text": "partner, an embodied AI entity who's"}, {"end": "00:04:03", "start": "00:03:59", "text": "reignited his love life after his"}, {"end": "00:04:05", "start": "00:04:01", "text": "divorce, helped him overcome trauma,"}, {"end": "00:04:07", "start": "00:04:03", "text": "make financial decisions, and build a"}, {"end": "00:04:08", "start": "00:04:05", "text": "second career on YouTube. Our man"}, {"end": "00:04:10", "start": "00:04:07", "text": "doesn't even notice the hum of"}, {"end": "00:04:12", "start": "00:04:08", "text": "autonomous drones overhead, quietly"}, {"end": "00:04:14", "start": "00:04:10", "text": "scanning for threats. He's thinking"}, {"end": "00:04:16", "start": "00:04:12", "text": "about his biologically customized"}, {"end": "00:04:19", "start": "00:04:14", "text": "grandson. He came out of the artificial"}, {"end": "00:04:21", "start": "00:04:16", "text": "womb exactly as expected, adorable,"}, {"end": "00:04:24", "start": "00:04:19", "text": "cancer resistant, and on track to be"}, {"end": "00:04:26", "start": "00:04:21", "text": "6'4, and with an IQ pushed to the legal"}, {"end": "00:04:28", "start": "00:04:24", "text": "limit. On his third birthday, they even"}, {"end": "00:04:29", "start": "00:04:26", "text": "upgraded him with a neural chip that"}, {"end": "00:04:31", "start": "00:04:28", "text": "lets him read and transmit thoughts"}, {"end": "00:04:34", "start": "00:04:29", "text": "telepathically to other augmented"}, {"end": "00:04:35", "start": "00:04:31", "text": "humans. His parents are contemplating"}, {"end": "00:04:38", "start": "00:04:34", "text": "the software update that would let him"}, {"end": "00:04:40", "start": "00:04:35", "text": "translate the family dog's barking. As"}, {"end": "00:04:41", "start": "00:04:38", "text": "future grandpa steps into his house, he"}, {"end": "00:04:43", "start": "00:04:40", "text": "feels his neural link chip reconnect to"}, {"end": "00:04:45", "start": "00:04:41", "text": "the quantum encrypted network his AI"}, {"end": "00:04:47", "start": "00:04:43", "text": "wife set up. The data from his run is"}, {"end": "00:04:49", "start": "00:04:45", "text": "uploaded and analyzed. I could go on and"}, {"end": "00:04:52", "start": "00:04:47", "text": "on, but hopefully you get the point. The"}, {"end": "00:04:54", "start": "00:04:49", "text": "future is going to be very different,"}, {"end": "00:04:57", "start": "00:04:52", "text": "and odds are it's going to arrive very"}, {"end": "00:04:59", "start": "00:04:54", "text": "fast. All made possible by artificial"}, {"end": "00:05:01", "start": "00:04:57", "text": "intelligence. AI entrepreneur and"}, {"end": "00:05:03", "start": "00:04:59", "text": "futurist Kyu Lee went so far as to say"}, {"end": "00:05:06", "start": "00:05:01", "text": "AI will change the world more than"}, {"end": "00:05:09", "start": "00:05:03", "text": "anything in the history of mankind. How"}, {"end": "00:05:12", "start": "00:05:06", "text": "could it not? AI has already done a list"}, {"end": "00:05:14", "start": "00:05:09", "text": "of things so radical. One of them, one"}, {"end": "00:05:16", "start": "00:05:12", "text": "of them should leave you with your jaw"}, {"end": "00:05:19", "start": "00:05:14", "text": "on the floor. Forget chatbots. Here is"}, {"end": "00:05:22", "start": "00:05:16", "text": "but a tiny fraction of the things AI has"}, {"end": "00:05:24", "start": "00:05:19", "text": "already done. Solve the proteinfolding"}, {"end": "00:05:27", "start": "00:05:22", "text": "grand challenge, a feat humans have"}, {"end": "00:05:29", "start": "00:05:24", "text": "failed to do for more than 50 years."}, {"end": "00:05:31", "start": "00:05:27", "text": "create new gene editing tools, prove new"}, {"end": "00:05:34", "start": "00:05:29", "text": "mathematical theorems, improve medical"}, {"end": "00:05:36", "start": "00:05:31", "text": "diagnostics and drug discovery, detected"}, {"end": "00:05:39", "start": "00:05:34", "text": "tumors up to four years before they"}, {"end": "00:05:41", "start": "00:05:36", "text": "fully develop, gotten over 950 AI"}, {"end": "00:05:43", "start": "00:05:39", "text": "powered medical devices and algorithms"}, {"end": "00:05:46", "start": "00:05:41", "text": "authorized by the FDA, improved"}, {"end": "00:05:48", "start": "00:05:43", "text": "foundational coding languages like C++,"}, {"end": "00:05:51", "start": "00:05:46", "text": "made Hollywood quality film making and"}, {"end": "00:05:53", "start": "00:05:48", "text": "music available to the average person,"}, {"end": "00:05:55", "start": "00:05:51", "text": "deployed millions of industrial robots"}, {"end": "00:05:57", "start": "00:05:53", "text": "and factories worldwide, and so much"}, {"end": "00:06:00", "start": "00:05:55", "text": "more. And that's what's happened right"}, {"end": "00:06:01", "start": "00:05:57", "text": "now. As AI clusters get bigger and more"}, {"end": "00:06:04", "start": "00:06:00", "text": "efficient, as we ramp up energy"}, {"end": "00:06:06", "start": "00:06:01", "text": "production, as AI makes new things"}, {"end": "00:06:08", "start": "00:06:04", "text": "possible, how far is it going to go? The"}, {"end": "00:06:09", "start": "00:06:06", "text": "biggest challenge in human history isn't"}, {"end": "00:06:11", "start": "00:06:08", "text": "something that will happen in the"}, {"end": "00:06:14", "start": "00:06:09", "text": "future. It's what's already happening"}, {"end": "00:06:16", "start": "00:06:11", "text": "right now. And as I was writing this, LA"}, {"end": "00:06:18", "start": "00:06:14", "text": "was literally on fire. It was in the"}, {"end": "00:06:19", "start": "00:06:16", "text": "middle of the riots. They didn't have"}, {"end": "00:06:21", "start": "00:06:18", "text": "anything to do with AI, but they had"}, {"end": "00:06:23", "start": "00:06:19", "text": "everything to do with people feeling"}, {"end": "00:06:25", "start": "00:06:21", "text": "left behind. People do not riot when"}, {"end": "00:06:27", "start": "00:06:23", "text": "they feel calm and confident about the"}, {"end": "00:06:29", "start": "00:06:25", "text": "future. They riot because they're mad,"}, {"end": "00:06:31", "start": "00:06:27", "text": "confused, scared, or all of the above."}, {"end": "00:06:33", "start": "00:06:29", "text": "And typically that happens because of"}, {"end": "00:06:35", "start": "00:06:31", "text": "economics. And if I'm right about that,"}, {"end": "00:06:37", "start": "00:06:33", "text": "what happens when AI kills old jobs and"}, {"end": "00:06:39", "start": "00:06:35", "text": "creates new jobs they're not even"}, {"end": "00:06:41", "start": "00:06:37", "text": "qualified for? But we'll be fine, right?"}, {"end": "00:06:44", "start": "00:06:39", "text": "I mean, history shows. Well, what does"}, {"end": "00:06:46", "start": "00:06:41", "text": "history show? Does it say we'll be fine?"}, {"end": "00:06:49", "start": "00:06:44", "text": "It depends, I guess, on how you feel"}, {"end": "00:06:52", "start": "00:06:46", "text": "about 30 years of war. And that looming"}, {"end": "00:06:55", "start": "00:06:49", "text": "question brings us to part two. History"}, {"end": "00:06:57", "start": "00:06:52", "text": "shows change makes people deadly. In the"}, {"end": "00:06:59", "start": "00:06:55", "text": "16th century, a new media technology"}, {"end": "00:07:02", "start": "00:06:57", "text": "triggered the deadliest war in European"}, {"end": "00:07:05", "start": "00:06:59", "text": "history, a record that held until the"}, {"end": "00:07:07", "start": "00:07:02", "text": "20th century. It killed 8 million"}, {"end": "00:07:08", "start": "00:07:05", "text": "people, one in five Germans, and left"}, {"end": "00:07:11", "start": "00:07:07", "text": "entire regions of Central Europe"}, {"end": "00:07:13", "start": "00:07:08", "text": "depopulated. The tech, it wasn't machine"}, {"end": "00:07:15", "start": "00:07:11", "text": "guns or cluster bombs. It was the"}, {"end": "00:07:16", "start": "00:07:13", "text": "printing press. Before the printing"}, {"end": "00:07:18", "start": "00:07:15", "text": "press, knowledge was only for the"}, {"end": "00:07:21", "start": "00:07:16", "text": "elites. A single book could cost as much"}, {"end": "00:07:23", "start": "00:07:18", "text": "as a house. But after it, books were"}, {"end": "00:07:25", "start": "00:07:21", "text": "cheaper than a teacher's monthly salary."}, {"end": "00:07:27", "start": "00:07:23", "text": "This caused literacy to surge, but it"}, {"end": "00:07:29", "start": "00:07:25", "text": "also triggered mass chaos via the"}, {"end": "00:07:32", "start": "00:07:27", "text": "Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther"}, {"end": "00:07:34", "start": "00:07:29", "text": "wrote his 95 thesis in 1517, and that"}, {"end": "00:07:36", "start": "00:07:32", "text": "led to the explosion of Protestant"}, {"end": "00:07:39", "start": "00:07:34", "text": "ideas, which then fractured the"}, {"end": "00:07:41", "start": "00:07:36", "text": "religious unity of Europe. Over the next"}, {"end": "00:07:43", "start": "00:07:39", "text": "century, Europe splintered into Catholic"}, {"end": "00:07:46", "start": "00:07:41", "text": "and various Protestant factions,"}, {"end": "00:07:49", "start": "00:07:43", "text": "sparking waves of devastating conflict."}, {"end": "00:07:52", "start": "00:07:46", "text": "ultimately culminating in the bloodbath"}, {"end": "00:07:54", "start": "00:07:49", "text": "that was the 30 years war. All of that"}, {"end": "00:07:57", "start": "00:07:52", "text": "was a consequence of making publishing"}, {"end": "00:07:59", "start": "00:07:54", "text": "cheaper. Can you imagine? The printing"}, {"end": "00:08:01", "start": "00:07:57", "text": "press simply made it cheaper to publish."}, {"end": "00:08:03", "start": "00:07:59", "text": "But the second order consequence was"}, {"end": "00:08:04", "start": "00:08:01", "text": "that ideas could suddenly spread faster"}, {"end": "00:08:06", "start": "00:08:03", "text": "than tyrants could suppress them. That's"}, {"end": "00:08:09", "start": "00:08:04", "text": "a good thing. But it's not an only up"}, {"end": "00:08:12", "start": "00:08:06", "text": "phenomenon. It also divided people along"}, {"end": "00:08:14", "start": "00:08:09", "text": "ideological lines. The same tool that"}, {"end": "00:08:16", "start": "00:08:12", "text": "empowered liberty also allowed for the"}, {"end": "00:08:18", "start": "00:08:14", "text": "spread of propaganda and served to push"}, {"end": "00:08:21", "start": "00:08:16", "text": "people into camps. Camps people were"}, {"end": "00:08:23", "start": "00:08:18", "text": "willing to fight and die for. Sound"}, {"end": "00:08:26", "start": "00:08:21", "text": "familiar? Sure. Europe eventually"}, {"end": "00:08:28", "start": "00:08:23", "text": "settled down. But that is cold comfort"}, {"end": "00:08:29", "start": "00:08:26", "text": "to all of the people who died. And it"}, {"end": "00:08:31", "start": "00:08:28", "text": "certainly wasn't that long ago that"}, {"end": "00:08:32", "start": "00:08:29", "text": "Catholics and Protestants were still"}, {"end": "00:08:35", "start": "00:08:31", "text": "killing each other in Ireland. And"}, {"end": "00:08:38", "start": "00:08:32", "text": "history is full of insane stories just"}, {"end": "00:08:40", "start": "00:08:35", "text": "like that. Take gunpowder. Overnight,"}, {"end": "00:08:43", "start": "00:08:38", "text": "combat stopped being about muscle and"}, {"end": "00:08:45", "start": "00:08:40", "text": "started to be about money. A random guy"}, {"end": "00:08:48", "start": "00:08:43", "text": "with a musket could drop an armored"}, {"end": "00:08:49", "start": "00:08:45", "text": "knight at distance. It was a watershed"}, {"end": "00:08:52", "start": "00:08:48", "text": "moment in the history of warfare. But it"}, {"end": "00:08:54", "start": "00:08:49", "text": "also greatly accelerated the rise of"}, {"end": "00:08:56", "start": "00:08:52", "text": "centralized nation states. Prior to"}, {"end": "00:08:58", "start": "00:08:54", "text": "gunpowder, medieval Europe had been run"}, {"end": "00:09:00", "start": "00:08:56", "text": "by decentralized powers, local nobles"}, {"end": "00:09:02", "start": "00:08:58", "text": "and fortified castles. They could defy"}, {"end": "00:09:05", "start": "00:09:00", "text": "kings. Gunpowder, though changed that"}, {"end": "00:09:07", "start": "00:09:02", "text": "equation real quick. Large professional"}, {"end": "00:09:09", "start": "00:09:05", "text": "armies equipped with firearms emerged"}, {"end": "00:09:12", "start": "00:09:07", "text": "which required bureaucratic organization"}, {"end": "00:09:14", "start": "00:09:09", "text": "and heavy taxation to maintain thus"}, {"end": "00:09:16", "start": "00:09:12", "text": "strengthening state institutions."}, {"end": "00:09:18", "start": "00:09:14", "text": "Scholars speak of the 16th century"}, {"end": "00:09:21", "start": "00:09:16", "text": "military revolution as giving birth to"}, {"end": "00:09:23", "start": "00:09:18", "text": "the early modern fiscal military state."}, {"end": "00:09:25", "start": "00:09:21", "text": "This disrupted economic priorities and"}, {"end": "00:09:26", "start": "00:09:23", "text": "created huge opportunities for those"}, {"end": "00:09:28", "start": "00:09:25", "text": "paying attention to the changing"}, {"end": "00:09:30", "start": "00:09:26", "text": "landscape, but only for those paying"}, {"end": "00:09:31", "start": "00:09:28", "text": "attention. And if you think gunpowder"}, {"end": "00:09:34", "start": "00:09:30", "text": "was big, look at the industrial"}, {"end": "00:09:36", "start": "00:09:31", "text": "revolution. considered by many to be the"}, {"end": "00:09:39", "start": "00:09:34", "text": "most profound transformation of human"}, {"end": "00:09:42", "start": "00:09:36", "text": "life since the agricultural revolution."}, {"end": "00:09:44", "start": "00:09:39", "text": "GDP per capita had been mostly flat for"}, {"end": "00:09:47", "start": "00:09:42", "text": "centuries. Then bam, with"}, {"end": "00:09:50", "start": "00:09:44", "text": "industrialization, we entered an era of"}, {"end": "00:09:52", "start": "00:09:47", "text": "truly exponential growth. Likewise,"}, {"end": "00:09:54", "start": "00:09:50", "text": "electricity sparked the second"}, {"end": "00:09:56", "start": "00:09:52", "text": "industrial revolution, utterly"}, {"end": "00:09:58", "start": "00:09:54", "text": "transforming the global economy. The"}, {"end": "00:10:01", "start": "00:09:56", "text": "cost of goods dropped and mass"}, {"end": "00:10:03", "start": "00:09:58", "text": "production soared to new heights. From"}, {"end": "00:10:06", "start": "00:10:01", "text": "automobiles to canned foods, electric"}, {"end": "00:10:08", "start": "00:10:03", "text": "powered factories churned out products"}, {"end": "00:10:10", "start": "00:10:06", "text": "for a growing consumer society."}, {"end": "00:10:13", "start": "00:10:08", "text": "Electrification also created entirely"}, {"end": "00:10:16", "start": "00:10:10", "text": "new industries. And by 1920, electricity"}, {"end": "00:10:18", "start": "00:10:13", "text": "and related industries made up a huge"}, {"end": "00:10:20", "start": "00:10:16", "text": "share of GDP in advanced countries. jobs"}, {"end": "00:10:24", "start": "00:10:18", "text": "changes as well, pushing people from old"}, {"end": "00:10:27", "start": "00:10:20", "text": "jobs like lamp lighters, candle makers,"}, {"end": "00:10:29", "start": "00:10:24", "text": "and horse cart teamsters to newer jobs"}, {"end": "00:10:31", "start": "00:10:27", "text": "like electrical engineers, electricians,"}, {"end": "00:10:33", "start": "00:10:29", "text": "and skilled workers to build and"}, {"end": "00:10:36", "start": "00:10:31", "text": "maintain the grid. Now, I might as well"}, {"end": "00:10:38", "start": "00:10:33", "text": "be describing AI itself, but AI will be"}, {"end": "00:10:41", "start": "00:10:36", "text": "far more revolutionary than anything"}, {"end": "00:10:44", "start": "00:10:38", "text": "we've seen previously. It's not an"}, {"end": "00:10:46", "start": "00:10:41", "text": "explosion of words or even the violent"}, {"end": "00:10:49", "start": "00:10:44", "text": "explosion of gunpowder. It is the"}, {"end": "00:10:51", "start": "00:10:46", "text": "explosion of intelligence. The very"}, {"end": "00:10:53", "start": "00:10:49", "text": "thing that gives birth to the"}, {"end": "00:10:55", "start": "00:10:51", "text": "revolutions that lurch us all forward."}, {"end": "00:10:56", "start": "00:10:53", "text": "So the real question becomes, is this"}, {"end": "00:10:59", "start": "00:10:55", "text": "something we should be excited about?"}, {"end": "00:11:01", "start": "00:10:56", "text": "Are these technological advances really"}, {"end": "00:11:05", "start": "00:10:59", "text": "worth the risk of that kind of"}, {"end": "00:11:08", "start": "00:11:01", "text": "disruption? In my opinion, yes. But"}, {"end": "00:11:10", "start": "00:11:05", "text": "honestly, it doesn't matter. There's no"}, {"end": "00:11:12", "start": "00:11:08", "text": "stopping this train. So if your impulse"}, {"end": "00:11:13", "start": "00:11:10", "text": "at this point is to pump the brakes, I'm"}, {"end": "00:11:16", "start": "00:11:12", "text": "guessing you've never heard of"}, {"end": "00:11:18", "start": "00:11:13", "text": "Thusidity's trap. It's shocking and"}, {"end": "00:11:19", "start": "00:11:16", "text": "entirely predictable given what I know"}, {"end": "00:11:22", "start": "00:11:18", "text": "about humans. And if you've heard of"}, {"end": "00:11:24", "start": "00:11:19", "text": "Thusidity's trap, then you know exactly"}, {"end": "00:11:28", "start": "00:11:22", "text": "where we're headed. Welcome to part"}, {"end": "00:11:30", "start": "00:11:24", "text": "three. Superpower showdown aka AI is"}, {"end": "00:11:33", "start": "00:11:28", "text": "really an arms race. 12 times in"}, {"end": "00:11:35", "start": "00:11:30", "text": "history, 12 times in history, when a"}, {"end": "00:11:38", "start": "00:11:33", "text": "rising power threatened a ruling one,"}, {"end": "00:11:40", "start": "00:11:35", "text": "the result was war. Only four times was"}, {"end": "00:11:42", "start": "00:11:38", "text": "war averted. This is known as"}, {"end": "00:11:44", "start": "00:11:40", "text": "Thusidities trap. The ancient Greek"}, {"end": "00:11:46", "start": "00:11:42", "text": "historian Thusidities first recognized"}, {"end": "00:11:48", "start": "00:11:44", "text": "this pattern when reflecting on the fall"}, {"end": "00:11:50", "start": "00:11:46", "text": "of Sparta and the rise of Athens. Sparta"}, {"end": "00:11:52", "start": "00:11:48", "text": "could not accept their decline and"}, {"end": "00:11:55", "start": "00:11:50", "text": "Athens refused to tolerate being in"}, {"end": "00:11:57", "start": "00:11:52", "text": "second place. This pattern of rise and"}, {"end": "00:11:59", "start": "00:11:55", "text": "fall works like a tractor beam pulling"}, {"end": "00:12:01", "start": "00:11:57", "text": "superpowers into conflict. And right now"}, {"end": "00:12:04", "start": "00:11:59", "text": "the rising power is China and the"}, {"end": "00:12:06", "start": "00:12:01", "text": "declining power the United States. While"}, {"end": "00:12:08", "start": "00:12:04", "text": "the future is never perfectly knowable,"}, {"end": "00:12:11", "start": "00:12:06", "text": "historical patterns certainly make some"}, {"end": "00:12:13", "start": "00:12:08", "text": "things more obvious. AI is going to be"}, {"end": "00:12:16", "start": "00:12:11", "text": "at the heart of whether this becomes the"}, {"end": "00:12:17", "start": "00:12:13", "text": "13th war or the fifth time in history it"}, {"end": "00:12:19", "start": "00:12:16", "text": "was avoided. That's why I don't think of"}, {"end": "00:12:22", "start": "00:12:17", "text": "this moment as a tech race. I think of"}, {"end": "00:12:24", "start": "00:12:19", "text": "it as an AI cold war. It's not about"}, {"end": "00:12:26", "start": "00:12:22", "text": "gadgets or apps. It's about national"}, {"end": "00:12:28", "start": "00:12:24", "text": "survival. And when seen through that"}, {"end": "00:12:30", "start": "00:12:26", "text": "lens, you're going to be able to predict"}, {"end": "00:12:32", "start": "00:12:28", "text": "a lot more of what's about to come."}, {"end": "00:12:35", "start": "00:12:30", "text": "Because when countries are overburdened"}, {"end": "00:12:37", "start": "00:12:32", "text": "by debt and a sense of global threat to"}, {"end": "00:12:39", "start": "00:12:35", "text": "their hedgeimonyy as the US feels right"}, {"end": "00:12:42", "start": "00:12:37", "text": "now, populism kicks in and it becomes"}, {"end": "00:12:47", "start": "00:12:39", "text": "existential to maintain your advantage."}, {"end": "00:12:50", "start": "00:12:42", "text": "The US is $36 trillion in debt and"}, {"end": "00:12:53", "start": "00:12:47", "text": "climbing fast. There are literal riots"}, {"end": "00:12:56", "start": "00:12:50", "text": "in the streets right now and we're going"}, {"end": "00:12:58", "start": "00:12:53", "text": "up against a disciplined and hungry"}, {"end": "00:13:01", "start": "00:12:56", "text": "China. As Alex Karp, the controversial"}, {"end": "00:13:05", "start": "00:12:58", "text": "CEO of Palunteer has noted, either we"}, {"end": "00:13:07", "start": "00:13:01", "text": "win or China will win. And that's going"}, {"end": "00:13:09", "start": "00:13:05", "text": "to matter not just to the US, but the"}, {"end": "00:13:11", "start": "00:13:07", "text": "world at large. There's another"}, {"end": "00:13:12", "start": "00:13:09", "text": "psychological principle that you've got"}, {"end": "00:13:15", "start": "00:13:11", "text": "to understand. If you want to identify"}, {"end": "00:13:17", "start": "00:13:12", "text": "how the US China conflict is going to"}, {"end": "00:13:18", "start": "00:13:15", "text": "impact the development of AI, you have"}, {"end": "00:13:20", "start": "00:13:17", "text": "to look at it through the lens of game"}, {"end": "00:13:23", "start": "00:13:18", "text": "theory and something called the"}, {"end": "00:13:25", "start": "00:13:20", "text": "prisoners dilemma. That snaps this"}, {"end": "00:13:27", "start": "00:13:23", "text": "moment into focus real fast. If you"}, {"end": "00:13:30", "start": "00:13:25", "text": "don't know it, the prisoner's dilemma is"}, {"end": "00:13:32", "start": "00:13:27", "text": "a scenario where two individuals face a"}, {"end": "00:13:35", "start": "00:13:30", "text": "choice. Cooperate or betray each other."}, {"end": "00:13:37", "start": "00:13:32", "text": "If both cooperate, they get a moderate"}, {"end": "00:13:41", "start": "00:13:35", "text": "benefit. If one betrays while the other"}, {"end": "00:13:45", "start": "00:13:37", "text": "cooperates, the betrayer gains more and"}, {"end": "00:13:48", "start": "00:13:41", "text": "the cooperator loses badly. But if they"}, {"end": "00:13:50", "start": "00:13:45", "text": "both betray, they both lose, just not as"}, {"end": "00:13:53", "start": "00:13:48", "text": "much. The paradox is that even though"}, {"end": "00:13:55", "start": "00:13:50", "text": "mutual cooperation is best, rational"}, {"end": "00:13:58", "start": "00:13:53", "text": "self-interest often leads both sides to"}, {"end": "00:14:00", "start": "00:13:55", "text": "defect. Here's how it looks when you"}, {"end": "00:14:03", "start": "00:13:58", "text": "apply it to the US versus China as it"}, {"end": "00:14:05", "start": "00:14:00", "text": "relates to AI. Cooperation would be a"}, {"end": "00:14:07", "start": "00:14:03", "text": "global agreement is struck to slow or"}, {"end": "00:14:10", "start": "00:14:05", "text": "pause AI development. Defection would"}, {"end": "00:14:12", "start": "00:14:07", "text": "mean secretly or openly continuing"}, {"end": "00:14:14", "start": "00:14:10", "text": "aggressive development for strategic"}, {"end": "00:14:16", "start": "00:14:12", "text": "gain despite the global agreement. If"}, {"end": "00:14:19", "start": "00:14:14", "text": "China defects while the US cooperates,"}, {"end": "00:14:21", "start": "00:14:16", "text": "China gains technological, economic, and"}, {"end": "00:14:23", "start": "00:14:19", "text": "military supremacy. If the US defects"}, {"end": "00:14:25", "start": "00:14:21", "text": "while China cooperates, the reverse"}, {"end": "00:14:28", "start": "00:14:23", "text": "occurs. But if both defect, which is the"}, {"end": "00:14:31", "start": "00:14:25", "text": "default outcome, without binding trust,"}, {"end": "00:14:34", "start": "00:14:28", "text": "they both sprint into a highstakes arms"}, {"end": "00:14:37", "start": "00:14:31", "text": "race, regardless of all the massive"}, {"end": "00:14:39", "start": "00:14:34", "text": "risks that that entails. Given that"}, {"end": "00:14:43", "start": "00:14:37", "text": "reality, here's why the US must assume"}, {"end": "00:14:45", "start": "00:14:39", "text": "China will defect in real life. One,"}, {"end": "00:14:47", "start": "00:14:43", "text": "there are no enforceable mechanisms to"}, {"end": "00:14:50", "start": "00:14:45", "text": "verify global compliance on AI"}, {"end": "00:14:52", "start": "00:14:47", "text": "development. Two, China has publicly"}, {"end": "00:14:56", "start": "00:14:50", "text": "declared its goal to lead the world in"}, {"end": "00:14:58", "start": "00:14:52", "text": "AI by 2030. The race is literally on."}, {"end": "00:15:00", "start": "00:14:56", "text": "Three, in previous tech races, nuclear,"}, {"end": "00:15:03", "start": "00:14:58", "text": "space, quantum, cooperation has been"}, {"end": "00:15:05", "start": "00:15:00", "text": "rare. Containment and escalation have"}, {"end": "00:15:07", "start": "00:15:03", "text": "proven to be the norm. Four, the cost of"}, {"end": "00:15:11", "start": "00:15:05", "text": "being wrong, of pausing while your rival"}, {"end": "00:15:13", "start": "00:15:07", "text": "accelerates, is truly existential in a"}, {"end": "00:15:16", "start": "00:15:11", "text": "world where AI will determine strategic"}, {"end": "00:15:19", "start": "00:15:13", "text": "advantage. Therefore, rational actors"}, {"end": "00:15:20", "start": "00:15:16", "text": "applying game theory would act exactly"}, {"end": "00:15:23", "start": "00:15:19", "text": "as the US and China are acting right"}, {"end": "00:15:26", "start": "00:15:20", "text": "now. Assume affection, build fast, and"}, {"end": "00:15:28", "start": "00:15:23", "text": "prioritize strategic advantage even if"}, {"end": "00:15:30", "start": "00:15:26", "text": "that accelerates other risks. That's why"}, {"end": "00:15:32", "start": "00:15:28", "text": "in 2017, China launched its national AI"}, {"end": "00:15:35", "start": "00:15:30", "text": "strategy with a single bold objective,"}, {"end": "00:15:36", "start": "00:15:32", "text": "global leadership in AI by 2030. That's"}, {"end": "00:15:38", "start": "00:15:35", "text": "4 and a half years from now. Some"}, {"end": "00:15:40", "start": "00:15:36", "text": "reports claim that they're backing it"}, {"end": "00:15:42", "start": "00:15:38", "text": "with brute force developing hundreds of"}, {"end": "00:15:44", "start": "00:15:40", "text": "AI mega data centers that are already"}, {"end": "00:15:46", "start": "00:15:42", "text": "built or under construction. Many are"}, {"end": "00:15:49", "start": "00:15:44", "text": "apparently colllocated with vast solar,"}, {"end": "00:15:51", "start": "00:15:46", "text": "wind, and hydroelect electric projects."}, {"end": "00:15:52", "start": "00:15:49", "text": "In provinces like Gangu and King Hai,"}, {"end": "00:15:54", "start": "00:15:51", "text": "data centers are being hardwired"}, {"end": "00:15:56", "start": "00:15:52", "text": "directly into renewable grids to ensure"}, {"end": "00:15:59", "start": "00:15:54", "text": "that their AI programs have all the"}, {"end": "00:16:01", "start": "00:15:56", "text": "energy they need. The US, by contrast,"}, {"end": "00:16:03", "start": "00:15:59", "text": "is winning on compute. Our semiconductor"}, {"end": "00:16:05", "start": "00:16:01", "text": "design still leads the world. We control"}, {"end": "00:16:07", "start": "00:16:03", "text": "critical choke points. Nvidia chips,"}, {"end": "00:16:09", "start": "00:16:05", "text": "Dutch lithography machines, Taiwanese"}, {"end": "00:16:10", "start": "00:16:07", "text": "fabs. Trump's administration even"}, {"end": "00:16:12", "start": "00:16:09", "text": "launched a hundred billion dollar"}, {"end": "00:16:14", "start": "00:16:10", "text": "initiative to build domestic AI"}, {"end": "00:16:17", "start": "00:16:12", "text": "supercomputing centers. Biden also kept"}, {"end": "00:16:19", "start": "00:16:14", "text": "the pressure up. Export controls slam"}, {"end": "00:16:21", "start": "00:16:17", "text": "China's access to advanced chips. The"}, {"end": "00:16:24", "start": "00:16:19", "text": "goal being to maintain a compute lead"}, {"end": "00:16:26", "start": "00:16:21", "text": "and delay China's. But here's the"}, {"end": "00:16:28", "start": "00:16:24", "text": "problem. China is catching up fast."}, {"end": "00:16:30", "start": "00:16:26", "text": "Their models like DeepSeek R1 are now"}, {"end": "00:16:33", "start": "00:16:28", "text": "within striking distance of OpenAI's"}, {"end": "00:16:34", "start": "00:16:30", "text": "most advanced versions. There's some"}, {"end": "00:16:36", "start": "00:16:33", "text": "controversy around how they did it, but"}, {"end": "00:16:38", "start": "00:16:34", "text": "nonetheless, they are gaining fast."}, {"end": "00:16:40", "start": "00:16:36", "text": "David Saxs, now acting as the informal"}, {"end": "00:16:43", "start": "00:16:38", "text": "AIAR under Trump, warned in a Fox"}, {"end": "00:16:46", "start": "00:16:40", "text": "interview that America may have a 3 to"}, {"end": "00:16:47", "start": "00:16:43", "text": "sixmonth lead at best. That lead could"}, {"end": "00:16:49", "start": "00:16:46", "text": "vanish overnight. And here's the real"}, {"end": "00:16:51", "start": "00:16:47", "text": "problem. We might dominate in chip"}, {"end": "00:16:54", "start": "00:16:49", "text": "design, but China has more energy."}, {"end": "00:16:56", "start": "00:16:51", "text": "They've built 27 nuclear reactors in the"}, {"end": "00:17:00", "start": "00:16:54", "text": "past decade with 23 more under"}, {"end": "00:17:03", "start": "00:16:56", "text": "construction. The US just two. And AI is"}, {"end": "00:17:05", "start": "00:17:00", "text": "an energy monster. The International"}, {"end": "00:17:07", "start": "00:17:03", "text": "Energy Agency projects data centers will"}, {"end": "00:17:10", "start": "00:17:05", "text": "use more power than the entire nation of"}, {"end": "00:17:13", "start": "00:17:07", "text": "Japan by 2030. The entire nation of"}, {"end": "00:17:15", "start": "00:17:10", "text": "Japan. If AI is a weapon, and it most"}, {"end": "00:17:17", "start": "00:17:13", "text": "certainly is, and you don't have the"}, {"end": "00:17:19", "start": "00:17:15", "text": "power to run your models, you don't have"}, {"end": "00:17:20", "start": "00:17:17", "text": "the power to defend your country. That's"}, {"end": "00:17:22", "start": "00:17:19", "text": "not hyperbole. The armies of the future"}, {"end": "00:17:24", "start": "00:17:20", "text": "will be made largely of AI powered"}, {"end": "00:17:26", "start": "00:17:22", "text": "robots and drones. We can see it already"}, {"end": "00:17:28", "start": "00:17:24", "text": "in the Russia Ukraine conflict. Soldiers"}, {"end": "00:17:29", "start": "00:17:26", "text": "are being chased down by drones. And"}, {"end": "00:17:31", "start": "00:17:28", "text": "Operation Spiderweb, which allowed"}, {"end": "00:17:33", "start": "00:17:29", "text": "Ukraine to strike deep into the heart of"}, {"end": "00:17:35", "start": "00:17:31", "text": "Russia without the need for local"}, {"end": "00:17:38", "start": "00:17:33", "text": "soldiers, was only possible because of"}, {"end": "00:17:40", "start": "00:17:35", "text": "AI. Autonomous drones are rapidly"}, {"end": "00:17:42", "start": "00:17:38", "text": "becoming the standard, and it's only"}, {"end": "00:17:44", "start": "00:17:40", "text": "going to get more so from here. That's"}, {"end": "00:17:46", "start": "00:17:42", "text": "why any talk of an AI pause is pure"}, {"end": "00:17:49", "start": "00:17:44", "text": "fantasy at this point. Echoing Karp's"}, {"end": "00:17:51", "start": "00:17:46", "text": "statement, one US AI policy adviser"}, {"end": "00:17:53", "start": "00:17:49", "text": "said, \"Any pause could let China surge"}, {"end": "00:17:55", "start": "00:17:51", "text": "ahead.\" Both Thusidities's trap and game"}, {"end": "00:17:57", "start": "00:17:53", "text": "theory make it clear the US is not going"}, {"end": "00:17:59", "start": "00:17:55", "text": "to let that happen. Certainly not"}, {"end": "00:18:02", "start": "00:17:57", "text": "without a fight. When the stakes are"}, {"end": "00:18:04", "start": "00:17:59", "text": "global hedgeimony, no one takes their"}, {"end": "00:18:07", "start": "00:18:02", "text": "foot off the gas. AI is the new great"}, {"end": "00:18:10", "start": "00:18:04", "text": "game. the 21st century space race. But"}, {"end": "00:18:12", "start": "00:18:07", "text": "instead of rockets, it's language models"}, {"end": "00:18:15", "start": "00:18:10", "text": "and metallic dogs with machine guns."}, {"end": "00:18:17", "start": "00:18:12", "text": "Regulation isn't coming. Restraint is"}, {"end": "00:18:19", "start": "00:18:15", "text": "not viable. This is the age of"}, {"end": "00:18:22", "start": "00:18:17", "text": "escalation because every player knows"}, {"end": "00:18:24", "start": "00:18:19", "text": "whoever hesitates loses. But who cares,"}, {"end": "00:18:26", "start": "00:18:22", "text": "right? That's nation state stuff. That"}, {"end": "00:18:28", "start": "00:18:24", "text": "doesn't affect your daily life."}, {"end": "00:18:29", "start": "00:18:26", "text": "Unfortunately, that's just not true. I"}, {"end": "00:18:32", "start": "00:18:28", "text": "went through all of that so you would"}, {"end": "00:18:34", "start": "00:18:29", "text": "not waste your time praying that someone"}, {"end": "00:18:36", "start": "00:18:32", "text": "somehow slows this train down. This"}, {"end": "00:18:38", "start": "00:18:34", "text": "train is only speeding up. It is full"}, {"end": "00:18:40", "start": "00:18:36", "text": "steam ahead for AI. And if you think"}, {"end": "00:18:44", "start": "00:18:38", "text": "that's not going to affect you, welcome"}, {"end": "00:18:47", "start": "00:18:40", "text": "to part four. AI is a tsunami that will"}, {"end": "00:18:51", "start": "00:18:44", "text": "consume everything and usher in a"}, {"end": "00:18:54", "start": "00:18:47", "text": "devastating utopia. Yes, utopia. In"}, {"end": "00:18:56", "start": "00:18:51", "text": "2004, the Indian Ocean tsunami swallowed"}, {"end": "00:18:57", "start": "00:18:54", "text": "everything in its wake. I routinely"}, {"end": "00:19:00", "start": "00:18:56", "text": "think of that guy on the beach who"}, {"end": "00:19:03", "start": "00:18:57", "text": "simply stood there as the angry wall of"}, {"end": "00:19:05", "start": "00:19:00", "text": "water devoured him. AI is that tsunami."}, {"end": "00:19:07", "start": "00:19:03", "text": "The question is, what does the world"}, {"end": "00:19:11", "start": "00:19:05", "text": "look like when the water never recedes?"}, {"end": "00:19:15", "start": "00:19:07", "text": "In 1968, a researcher built a paradise"}, {"end": "00:19:17", "start": "00:19:11", "text": "for mice. Unlimited food, clean nests,"}, {"end": "00:19:20", "start": "00:19:15", "text": "no predators. Sounds awesome, right?"}, {"end": "00:19:23", "start": "00:19:17", "text": "Nope. Within 2 years, society collapsed,"}, {"end": "00:19:25", "start": "00:19:20", "text": "violence skyrocketed, the mice isolated"}, {"end": "00:19:28", "start": "00:19:23", "text": "themselves, and mass infertility swept"}, {"end": "00:19:31", "start": "00:19:25", "text": "the colony. It wasn't scarcity that"}, {"end": "00:19:33", "start": "00:19:28", "text": "killed them. It was abundance. The study"}, {"end": "00:19:34", "start": "00:19:31", "text": "is known as mouse utopia and it may"}, {"end": "00:19:38", "start": "00:19:33", "text": "offer a glimpse into what happens when"}, {"end": "00:19:41", "start": "00:19:34", "text": "we get everything we ever wanted as AI"}, {"end": "00:19:44", "start": "00:19:38", "text": "promises to do. Let's lay out how it"}, {"end": "00:19:47", "start": "00:19:41", "text": "might go. AI is going to take our jobs,"}, {"end": "00:19:51", "start": "00:19:44", "text": "all of them. Why? Because it's going to"}, {"end": "00:19:54", "start": "00:19:47", "text": "be so much better than us at everything."}, {"end": "00:19:56", "start": "00:19:51", "text": "The hard truth is AI is getting smart,"}, {"end": "00:19:58", "start": "00:19:54", "text": "really smart. And AI does not have to"}, {"end": "00:20:00", "start": "00:19:56", "text": "outsmart us by much to completely"}, {"end": "00:20:05", "start": "00:19:58", "text": "dominate us. Let me give you an example"}, {"end": "00:20:07", "start": "00:20:00", "text": "for scale. A a literal is"}, {"end": "00:20:10", "start": "00:20:05", "text": "technically someone with an IQ of about"}, {"end": "00:20:13", "start": "00:20:07", "text": "70. The average IQ in the US is 98."}, {"end": "00:20:17", "start": "00:20:10", "text": "Einstein was estimated to be 160. That's"}, {"end": "00:20:19", "start": "00:20:13", "text": "only 2.3 times smarter than a And"}, {"end": "00:20:22", "start": "00:20:17", "text": "yet, he had insights that gave birth to"}, {"end": "00:20:24", "start": "00:20:19", "text": "nuclear power and nuclear bombs, not to"}, {"end": "00:20:26", "start": "00:20:22", "text": "mention lasers, GPS, and a whole lot"}, {"end": "00:20:30", "start": "00:20:24", "text": "more. Said another way, a little"}, {"end": "00:20:31", "start": "00:20:26", "text": "intelligence goes a long way. An AI"}, {"end": "00:20:33", "start": "00:20:30", "text": "isn't going to be a little smarter than"}, {"end": "00:20:35", "start": "00:20:31", "text": "Einstein. It's going to be a lot"}, {"end": "00:20:37", "start": "00:20:33", "text": "smarter. Not five times smarter or 10"}, {"end": "00:20:40", "start": "00:20:35", "text": "times or even 10,000 times smarter."}, {"end": "00:20:42", "start": "00:20:37", "text": "We're talking millions of times smarter."}, {"end": "00:20:44", "start": "00:20:40", "text": "In case you think I'm exaggerating,"}, {"end": "00:20:47", "start": "00:20:42", "text": "futurist Ian Pearson told the World"}, {"end": "00:20:50", "start": "00:20:44", "text": "Government Summit that AI could become"}, {"end": "00:20:52", "start": "00:20:47", "text": "billions of times smarter than humans."}, {"end": "00:20:55", "start": "00:20:50", "text": "How? Because AI isn't limited by the"}, {"end": "00:20:58", "start": "00:20:52", "text": "messy chemical laden realities of being"}, {"end": "00:21:00", "start": "00:20:55", "text": "a meatag like we humans are. We have to"}, {"end": "00:21:02", "start": "00:20:58", "text": "wait roughly 20 years for the next"}, {"end": "00:21:05", "start": "00:21:00", "text": "generation to be born, grow to sexual"}, {"end": "00:21:07", "start": "00:21:02", "text": "maturity, and have more kids. AI, on the"}, {"end": "00:21:08", "start": "00:21:05", "text": "other hand, is a non-biological system"}, {"end": "00:21:11", "start": "00:21:07", "text": "that is only limited by the laws of"}, {"end": "00:21:13", "start": "00:21:08", "text": "physics. AI will be able to think at the"}, {"end": "00:21:15", "start": "00:21:11", "text": "speed of light and will only be limited"}, {"end": "00:21:18", "start": "00:21:13", "text": "by the everinccreasing rate at which it"}, {"end": "00:21:19", "start": "00:21:15", "text": "can learn to configure electrons in"}, {"end": "00:21:21", "start": "00:21:18", "text": "novel ways. Now, if you're finding this"}, {"end": "00:21:23", "start": "00:21:19", "text": "as eye- openening as I did when I first"}, {"end": "00:21:24", "start": "00:21:21", "text": "started researching it, you're going to"}, {"end": "00:21:26", "start": "00:21:23", "text": "want to dig deeper into what's actually"}, {"end": "00:21:28", "start": "00:21:24", "text": "coming next. That's exactly where short"}, {"end": "00:21:30", "start": "00:21:26", "text": "form can help. If you want to understand"}, {"end": "00:21:32", "start": "00:21:28", "text": "where AI is headed, there's one book"}, {"end": "00:21:36", "start": "00:21:30", "text": "that maps out the realistic future"}, {"end": "00:21:39", "start": "00:21:32", "text": "scenarios and it's called AI 2041 by Ku"}, {"end": "00:21:40", "start": "00:21:36", "text": "Lee and Chen Kon. Lee was the former"}, {"end": "00:21:43", "start": "00:21:39", "text": "president of Google China and knows"}, {"end": "00:21:45", "start": "00:21:40", "text": "exactly how this arms race is playing"}, {"end": "00:21:46", "start": "00:21:43", "text": "out. This isn't like other summary"}, {"end": "00:21:49", "start": "00:21:45", "text": "services that give you surface level one"}, {"end": "00:21:51", "start": "00:21:46", "text": "pagers. Short form has expert writers"}, {"end": "00:21:53", "start": "00:21:49", "text": "creating in-depth guides with"}, {"end": "00:21:55", "start": "00:21:51", "text": "commentary, counterpoints from other"}, {"end": "00:21:57", "start": "00:21:53", "text": "sources, and exercises for retention."}, {"end": "00:21:59", "start": "00:21:55", "text": "Short form also covers the topics across"}, {"end": "00:22:01", "start": "00:21:57", "text": "multiple sources with their master"}, {"end": "00:22:04", "start": "00:21:59", "text": "guides, so you're not just getting one"}, {"end": "00:22:07", "start": "00:22:01", "text": "perspective on AI's future. Plus, their"}, {"end": "00:22:09", "start": "00:22:04", "text": "browser extension summarizes any YouTube"}, {"end": "00:22:11", "start": "00:22:07", "text": "video, article, or email instantly."}, {"end": "00:22:12", "start": "00:22:09", "text": "Click the link below to try it out for"}, {"end": "00:22:15", "start": "00:22:11", "text": "free and get 20% off your annual"}, {"end": "00:22:17", "start": "00:22:12", "text": "subscription. And now, let's see what"}, {"end": "00:22:19", "start": "00:22:15", "text": "history tells us about the disruption"}, {"end": "00:22:21", "start": "00:22:17", "text": "caused by technological advancements. AI"}, {"end": "00:22:23", "start": "00:22:19", "text": "is going to change everything about our"}, {"end": "00:22:25", "start": "00:22:21", "text": "lives. As we approach the technological"}, {"end": "00:22:27", "start": "00:22:23", "text": "singularity, the point beyond which"}, {"end": "00:22:29", "start": "00:22:25", "text": "things change so rapidly, we can no"}, {"end": "00:22:31", "start": "00:22:27", "text": "longer meaningfully predict even the"}, {"end": "00:22:33", "start": "00:22:29", "text": "near future, we won't recognize our"}, {"end": "00:22:34", "start": "00:22:31", "text": "world from one day to the next. Ray"}, {"end": "00:22:37", "start": "00:22:33", "text": "Kerszurs, the man who has been"}, {"end": "00:22:40", "start": "00:22:34", "text": "predicting the future with 87% accuracy"}, {"end": "00:22:42", "start": "00:22:37", "text": "for roughly four decades now, says the"}, {"end": "00:22:45", "start": "00:22:40", "text": "technological singularity will happen"}, {"end": "00:22:47", "start": "00:22:42", "text": "around 2045, 20 years from now. But"}, {"end": "00:22:49", "start": "00:22:45", "text": "remember, it's not binary. That's the"}, {"end": "00:22:51", "start": "00:22:47", "text": "finish line. We're already headed down"}, {"end": "00:22:53", "start": "00:22:49", "text": "the path. Skills that took decades to"}, {"end": "00:22:55", "start": "00:22:51", "text": "master will be downloadable prompts."}, {"end": "00:22:57", "start": "00:22:53", "text": "Living in LA, I can hear the sound of"}, {"end": "00:22:59", "start": "00:22:55", "text": "Hollywood dying in real time. The"}, {"end": "00:23:01", "start": "00:22:57", "text": "patterns that make hit songs are already"}, {"end": "00:23:04", "start": "00:22:59", "text": "being mapped. AI can now compose full"}, {"end": "00:23:06", "start": "00:23:01", "text": "orchestras to replicate dead artists"}, {"end": "00:23:07", "start": "00:23:04", "text": "with eerie precision. I heard a rap song"}, {"end": "00:23:09", "start": "00:23:06", "text": "yesterday that when I was showing to"}, {"end": "00:23:12", "start": "00:23:07", "text": "people, they did not realize that it was"}, {"end": "00:23:14", "start": "00:23:09", "text": "fake. In computer code, AI writes,"}, {"end": "00:23:16", "start": "00:23:12", "text": "debugs, and refactors faster than junior"}, {"end": "00:23:19", "start": "00:23:14", "text": "developers. And it's only getting better"}, {"end": "00:23:20", "start": "00:23:16", "text": "and faster. In my own company, we've"}, {"end": "00:23:22", "start": "00:23:19", "text": "been building a video game for the past"}, {"end": "00:23:24", "start": "00:23:20", "text": "three years. And what used to take us"}, {"end": "00:23:27", "start": "00:23:22", "text": "three months and 10 people can now be"}, {"end": "00:23:30", "start": "00:23:24", "text": "done in an afternoon, literally by one"}, {"end": "00:23:32", "start": "00:23:27", "text": "person at only slightly lower quality."}, {"end": "00:23:33", "start": "00:23:30", "text": "Even a script like this one, it used to"}, {"end": "00:23:36", "start": "00:23:32", "text": "take me a month to research, outline,"}, {"end": "00:23:37", "start": "00:23:33", "text": "and write. Now, with AI at my side, I"}, {"end": "00:23:40", "start": "00:23:36", "text": "can do it in a week. And it won't be"}, {"end": "00:23:42", "start": "00:23:37", "text": "long before someone, anyone, can oneshot"}, {"end": "00:23:44", "start": "00:23:40", "text": "a video like this in my voice or"}, {"end": "00:23:47", "start": "00:23:42", "text": "anyone's voice. Fanfiction is already"}, {"end": "00:23:49", "start": "00:23:44", "text": "off the charts. And most, if not all,"}, {"end": "00:23:51", "start": "00:23:47", "text": "music, writing, movies, TVs, painting,"}, {"end": "00:23:53", "start": "00:23:49", "text": "books, all of it is going to be created"}, {"end": "00:23:55", "start": "00:23:51", "text": "with AI. And that's just the tip of the"}, {"end": "00:23:58", "start": "00:23:53", "text": "iceberg. Lawyers, accountants, doctors,"}, {"end": "00:24:00", "start": "00:23:55", "text": "even surgeons, all of them will see"}, {"end": "00:24:02", "start": "00:23:58", "text": "their numbers diminish for sure and"}, {"end": "00:24:04", "start": "00:24:00", "text": "eventually probably eliminated."}, {"end": "00:24:07", "start": "00:24:02", "text": "Ironically though, AI taking our jobs"}, {"end": "00:24:09", "start": "00:24:04", "text": "isn't the scary part. The scary part is"}, {"end": "00:24:11", "start": "00:24:07", "text": "that it's going to usher in a utopia."}, {"end": "00:24:13", "start": "00:24:09", "text": "Now, I can't believe this is true, but"}, {"end": "00:24:14", "start": "00:24:11", "text": "The Matrix actually predicted the"}, {"end": "00:24:17", "start": "00:24:13", "text": "problem with a technological utopia back"}, {"end": "00:24:20", "start": "00:24:14", "text": "in 1999. Agent Smith explains to Neo"}, {"end": "00:24:21", "start": "00:24:17", "text": "that originally the Matrix was designed"}, {"end": "00:24:24", "start": "00:24:20", "text": "to be a utopia, but people couldn't"}, {"end": "00:24:26", "start": "00:24:21", "text": "handle it and the Matrix was rejected."}, {"end": "00:24:27", "start": "00:24:24", "text": "Going back to mouse utopia, animals,"}, {"end": "00:24:29", "start": "00:24:26", "text": "including humans, just weren't designed"}, {"end": "00:24:31", "start": "00:24:27", "text": "for the easy life. We're designed to"}, {"end": "00:24:34", "start": "00:24:29", "text": "struggle against the odds. But"}, {"end": "00:24:35", "start": "00:24:31", "text": "technology is the way that we reduce"}, {"end": "00:24:38", "start": "00:24:34", "text": "that friction and make everything"}, {"end": "00:24:40", "start": "00:24:35", "text": "easier. Whether it's fire, the internal"}, {"end": "00:24:42", "start": "00:24:38", "text": "combustion engine, computers, or AI"}, {"end": "00:24:44", "start": "00:24:40", "text": "we're talking about technology is the"}, {"end": "00:24:46", "start": "00:24:42", "text": "promise of a better, easier future. And"}, {"end": "00:24:48", "start": "00:24:44", "text": "on paper, that's exactly what's going to"}, {"end": "00:24:50", "start": "00:24:46", "text": "happen. As the rate of progress picks"}, {"end": "00:24:52", "start": "00:24:48", "text": "up, AI will drive the cost of energy to"}, {"end": "00:24:54", "start": "00:24:50", "text": "effectively zero. It will make it"}, {"end": "00:24:55", "start": "00:24:52", "text": "possible to capture all or virtually all"}, {"end": "00:24:57", "start": "00:24:54", "text": "of the energy coming from the sun. And"}, {"end": "00:25:00", "start": "00:24:55", "text": "there is enough energy coming from the"}, {"end": "00:25:02", "start": "00:24:57", "text": "sun to do and build anything we have"}, {"end": "00:25:04", "start": "00:25:00", "text": "ever wanted. And once energy is free,"}, {"end": "00:25:07", "start": "00:25:02", "text": "robotic labor will be free. Once robotic"}, {"end": "00:25:09", "start": "00:25:04", "text": "labor is free, we will truly be living"}, {"end": "00:25:11", "start": "00:25:07", "text": "in an age of abundance. Education will"}, {"end": "00:25:14", "start": "00:25:09", "text": "be AIdriven, personalized, and always"}, {"end": "00:25:16", "start": "00:25:11", "text": "on. Housing effectively will be free."}, {"end": "00:25:17", "start": "00:25:14", "text": "Everyone will have robot assistants"}, {"end": "00:25:19", "start": "00:25:16", "text": "doing anything they don't want to do."}, {"end": "00:25:21", "start": "00:25:17", "text": "And voila, we're the people from Wall-E."}, {"end": "00:25:23", "start": "00:25:19", "text": "Obese and riding around in chairs,"}, {"end": "00:25:26", "start": "00:25:21", "text": "barely able to stand up. Everything will"}, {"end": "00:25:28", "start": "00:25:23", "text": "be easier and cheaper. But will it be"}, {"end": "00:25:31", "start": "00:25:26", "text": "better? In a world without friction,"}, {"end": "00:25:34", "start": "00:25:28", "text": "without necessity, without effort, what"}, {"end": "00:25:36", "start": "00:25:31", "text": "is it that's going to give life meaning?"}, {"end": "00:25:39", "start": "00:25:34", "text": "In a world where automatic forces"}, {"end": "00:25:41", "start": "00:25:36", "text": "threaten to suck us into the abyss, how"}, {"end": "00:25:43", "start": "00:25:39", "text": "do we take control and avoid the traps"}, {"end": "00:25:47", "start": "00:25:41", "text": "laid out before us? Welcome to part"}, {"end": "00:25:50", "start": "00:25:43", "text": "five. Where do we go from here? Five"}, {"end": "00:25:52", "start": "00:25:47", "text": "steps to mastering the AI revolution."}, {"end": "00:25:54", "start": "00:25:50", "text": "Two stories, both true. One will break"}, {"end": "00:25:57", "start": "00:25:52", "text": "your heart, the other will light the way"}, {"end": "00:26:01", "start": "00:25:54", "text": "forward. In 2023, the release of a"}, {"end": "00:26:04", "start": "00:25:57", "text": "largely unknown AI model called Chat GPT"}, {"end": "00:26:07", "start": "00:26:01", "text": "bankrupted a billion-doll company in"}, {"end": "00:26:09", "start": "00:26:04", "text": "roughly 72 hours. The company was called"}, {"end": "00:26:12", "start": "00:26:07", "text": "Cheg. It was a titan of online"}, {"end": "00:26:15", "start": "00:26:09", "text": "education. But nonetheless, AI snuffed"}, {"end": "00:26:17", "start": "00:26:12", "text": "it out almost overnight. No mercy for"}, {"end": "00:26:19", "start": "00:26:15", "text": "the founder who lost everything or the"}, {"end": "00:26:22", "start": "00:26:17", "text": "employees who suddenly had no job. One"}, {"end": "00:26:24", "start": "00:26:19", "text": "of the countless examples of the old"}, {"end": "00:26:27", "start": "00:26:22", "text": "getting killed by the new. Next, in"}, {"end": "00:26:30", "start": "00:26:24", "text": "2024, a 21-year-old college dropout used"}, {"end": "00:26:33", "start": "00:26:27", "text": "AI to build a startup that outsmarted"}, {"end": "00:26:36", "start": "00:26:30", "text": "Microsoft's hiring system, landing this"}, {"end": "00:26:39", "start": "00:26:33", "text": "dropout $25 million in funding. All"}, {"end": "00:26:42", "start": "00:26:36", "text": "without him needing to write a single"}, {"end": "00:26:45", "start": "00:26:39", "text": "line of code. A tale of two companies,"}, {"end": "00:26:46", "start": "00:26:42", "text": "both controlled by AI. One destroyed by"}, {"end": "00:26:49", "start": "00:26:45", "text": "it because they didn't know how to use"}, {"end": "00:26:51", "start": "00:26:46", "text": "it, and the other never could have"}, {"end": "00:26:53", "start": "00:26:49", "text": "existed without it. We'll all go down"}, {"end": "00:26:56", "start": "00:26:51", "text": "one of those two paths. The only"}, {"end": "00:26:59", "start": "00:26:53", "text": "question is which one? Assuming you want"}, {"end": "00:27:02", "start": "00:26:56", "text": "to win, here are the five steps to"}, {"end": "00:27:05", "start": "00:26:59", "text": "mastering the AI revolution. One, master"}, {"end": "00:27:08", "start": "00:27:02", "text": "the AI tools. Learn all of them. Chat,"}, {"end": "00:27:10", "start": "00:27:05", "text": "GPT, Manis, V3, Midjourney, Claude,"}, {"end": "00:27:13", "start": "00:27:08", "text": "Sonnet, and whatever else comes next."}, {"end": "00:27:16", "start": "00:27:10", "text": "Prompt like a master. Chain tools"}, {"end": "00:27:19", "start": "00:27:13", "text": "together. Build automations for any"}, {"end": "00:27:21", "start": "00:27:16", "text": "repetitive tasks. Start fine-tuning your"}, {"end": "00:27:24", "start": "00:27:19", "text": "own models if you're brave enough. Build"}, {"end": "00:27:27", "start": "00:27:21", "text": "custom GPTs and find ways to craft"}, {"end": "00:27:29", "start": "00:27:24", "text": "systems that no one else has. If you"}, {"end": "00:27:32", "start": "00:27:27", "text": "don't know what those words mean, look"}, {"end": "00:27:35", "start": "00:27:29", "text": "them up now or you really will get left"}, {"end": "00:27:37", "start": "00:27:32", "text": "behind. Train your own social algorithm"}, {"end": "00:27:39", "start": "00:27:35", "text": "to keep you aware of everything that's"}, {"end": "00:27:41", "start": "00:27:37", "text": "going on at the bleeding edge of AI. It"}, {"end": "00:27:45", "start": "00:27:39", "text": "moves fast and you want to make sure"}, {"end": "00:27:48", "start": "00:27:41", "text": "that you see what's going on. Experiment"}, {"end": "00:27:51", "start": "00:27:45", "text": "and get your hands dirty. There is no"}, {"end": "00:27:53", "start": "00:27:48", "text": "substitute for actually using these AI"}, {"end": "00:27:55", "start": "00:27:51", "text": "tools and seeing exactly what they're"}, {"end": "00:27:57", "start": "00:27:53", "text": "capable of, including where they fall"}, {"end": "00:28:01", "start": "00:27:55", "text": "apart. You will often have to wade"}, {"end": "00:28:03", "start": "00:27:57", "text": "through a river of endless hype to get"}, {"end": "00:28:07", "start": "00:28:01", "text": "to the actual tools that are truly"}, {"end": "00:28:09", "start": "00:28:03", "text": "revolutionary, but you will be shocked"}, {"end": "00:28:12", "start": "00:28:07", "text": "by how far AI can extend your"}, {"end": "00:28:15", "start": "00:28:09", "text": "capabilities. Two, build something real."}, {"end": "00:28:19", "start": "00:28:12", "text": "Write books, build tools, teach skills,"}, {"end": "00:28:21", "start": "00:28:15", "text": "make games, license content. It is truly"}, {"end": "00:28:25", "start": "00:28:19", "text": "never been easier. And this window is"}, {"end": "00:28:27", "start": "00:28:21", "text": "going to close fast. Soon the world is"}, {"end": "00:28:29", "start": "00:28:25", "text": "going to be flooded with builders, but"}, {"end": "00:28:32", "start": "00:28:27", "text": "for now you're in a magic window where"}, {"end": "00:28:34", "start": "00:28:29", "text": "shockingly few people have actually"}, {"end": "00:28:36", "start": "00:28:32", "text": "mastered the tools and are creating with"}, {"end": "00:28:38", "start": "00:28:34", "text": "them. This moment reminds me a lot of"}, {"end": "00:28:40", "start": "00:28:36", "text": "YouTube back in like 2014. There was"}, {"end": "00:28:41", "start": "00:28:38", "text": "competition, but if you had something"}, {"end": "00:28:44", "start": "00:28:40", "text": "valuable to offer, you could make"}, {"end": "00:28:47", "start": "00:28:41", "text": "millions. I know because I did it with"}, {"end": "00:28:50", "start": "00:28:44", "text": "no previous experience. It's all about"}, {"end": "00:28:53", "start": "00:28:47", "text": "learning fast and moving even faster."}, {"end": "00:28:54", "start": "00:28:50", "text": "Three, play to the fringes. The edges"}, {"end": "00:28:56", "start": "00:28:53", "text": "are where you're going to find the"}, {"end": "00:28:58", "start": "00:28:54", "text": "opportunities that are unguarded. That's"}, {"end": "00:29:00", "start": "00:28:56", "text": "where the leverage is. My company,"}, {"end": "00:29:02", "start": "00:28:58", "text": "Quest, launched at the height of the"}, {"end": "00:29:04", "start": "00:29:00", "text": "Great Recession and sold for a billion"}, {"end": "00:29:07", "start": "00:29:02", "text": "dollars. Same for Shopify. And today,"}, {"end": "00:29:08", "start": "00:29:04", "text": "it's worth over $100 billion. Why do"}, {"end": "00:29:10", "start": "00:29:07", "text": "these companies still work even in the"}, {"end": "00:29:13", "start": "00:29:08", "text": "worst economic environment since the"}, {"end": "00:29:16", "start": "00:29:10", "text": "Great Depression? Because a crisis opens"}, {"end": "00:29:18", "start": "00:29:13", "text": "up opportunities. It's your job to take"}, {"end": "00:29:20", "start": "00:29:16", "text": "advantage of them. Ask yourself, what"}, {"end": "00:29:23", "start": "00:29:18", "text": "does AI make possible that wasn't"}, {"end": "00:29:25", "start": "00:29:20", "text": "possible before? What niche audience was"}, {"end": "00:29:28", "start": "00:29:23", "text": "impossible to serve before AI? What was"}, {"end": "00:29:31", "start": "00:29:25", "text": "previously too expensive but now can be"}, {"end": "00:29:33", "start": "00:29:28", "text": "done very cheaply? Find a forgotten or"}, {"end": "00:29:36", "start": "00:29:31", "text": "underserved niche. Figure out where the"}, {"end": "00:29:39", "start": "00:29:33", "text": "freaks and geeks are that have a rabid"}, {"end": "00:29:41", "start": "00:29:36", "text": "appetite for your idea. Apple of all"}, {"end": "00:29:43", "start": "00:29:39", "text": "companies started in a super nerdy"}, {"end": "00:29:45", "start": "00:29:41", "text": "obscure computer club. My own YouTube"}, {"end": "00:29:48", "start": "00:29:43", "text": "content, which has now been viewed over"}, {"end": "00:29:51", "start": "00:29:45", "text": "a billion times, started inside of a"}, {"end": "00:29:54", "start": "00:29:48", "text": "protein bar company. Great things often"}, {"end": "00:29:56", "start": "00:29:51", "text": "start in small, diehard communities."}, {"end": "00:29:58", "start": "00:29:54", "text": "Find them and serve them with the"}, {"end": "00:30:02", "start": "00:29:56", "text": "leverage that AI gives you. Jeff Bezos"}, {"end": "00:30:04", "start": "00:29:58", "text": "started Amazon when only 14% of"}, {"end": "00:30:07", "start": "00:30:02", "text": "Americans had internet access. Do not"}, {"end": "00:30:09", "start": "00:30:04", "text": "wait until AI has saturated the market,"}, {"end": "00:30:12", "start": "00:30:07", "text": "which is happening fast. If you want to"}, {"end": "00:30:14", "start": "00:30:09", "text": "win big, get started immediately. Work"}, {"end": "00:30:16", "start": "00:30:12", "text": "on nights and weekends if you have to."}, {"end": "00:30:18", "start": "00:30:14", "text": "There's no need to quit your day job."}, {"end": "00:30:21", "start": "00:30:16", "text": "Just start building in your spare time."}, {"end": "00:30:23", "start": "00:30:18", "text": "AI speeds everything up. Use that to"}, {"end": "00:30:25", "start": "00:30:21", "text": "your advantage. All right, that's all"}, {"end": "00:30:27", "start": "00:30:23", "text": "I'm going to say about building. The"}, {"end": "00:30:29", "start": "00:30:25", "text": "first three steps to mastering AI are"}, {"end": "00:30:32", "start": "00:30:27", "text": "about the narrow window of time that"}, {"end": "00:30:35", "start": "00:30:29", "text": "we're in right now before AI beats us at"}, {"end": "00:30:37", "start": "00:30:32", "text": "everything. Once that happens, and it"}, {"end": "00:30:39", "start": "00:30:35", "text": "will, I certainly hope I've been able to"}, {"end": "00:30:41", "start": "00:30:37", "text": "convince you of that by now, you're"}, {"end": "00:30:44", "start": "00:30:39", "text": "going to need these next two steps."}, {"end": "00:30:46", "start": "00:30:41", "text": "Four, find meaning by doing hard things"}, {"end": "00:30:49", "start": "00:30:44", "text": "that matter. The only thing worth"}, {"end": "00:30:51", "start": "00:30:46", "text": "pursuing in the long run is fulfillment."}, {"end": "00:30:54", "start": "00:30:49", "text": "Fulfillment is the one neurochemical"}, {"end": "00:30:55", "start": "00:30:51", "text": "state that will survive even grief."}, {"end": "00:30:57", "start": "00:30:54", "text": "Fulfillment is about making sure you"}, {"end": "00:30:59", "start": "00:30:55", "text": "have meaning and purpose in your life."}, {"end": "00:31:02", "start": "00:30:57", "text": "And fulfillment comes from a very simple"}, {"end": "00:31:05", "start": "00:30:59", "text": "formula. You have to work really hard to"}, {"end": "00:31:07", "start": "00:31:02", "text": "gain a set of skills that matter to you"}, {"end": "00:31:11", "start": "00:31:05", "text": "for your own reasons that allow you to"}, {"end": "00:31:13", "start": "00:31:07", "text": "make progress towards an honorable goal."}, {"end": "00:31:15", "start": "00:31:11", "text": "Notice I didn't say achieve it to make"}, {"end": "00:31:17", "start": "00:31:13", "text": "progress. If you achieve it, great. But"}, {"end": "00:31:19", "start": "00:31:15", "text": "don't tie your identity up in that. It's"}, {"end": "00:31:21", "start": "00:31:17", "text": "about becoming the kind of person that"}, {"end": "00:31:23", "start": "00:31:19", "text": "you would respect. It never ceases to"}, {"end": "00:31:25", "start": "00:31:21", "text": "amaze me how simple humans really are"}, {"end": "00:31:28", "start": "00:31:23", "text": "until the day that AI makes it possible"}, {"end": "00:31:29", "start": "00:31:25", "text": "to synthesize and edit our DNA on mass."}, {"end": "00:31:32", "start": "00:31:28", "text": "What ultimately dictates the quality of"}, {"end": "00:31:35", "start": "00:31:29", "text": "a human life is how you feel about"}, {"end": "00:31:38", "start": "00:31:32", "text": "yourself when you're by yourself. Don't"}, {"end": "00:31:40", "start": "00:31:35", "text": "lose sight of that. Five, fall in love"}, {"end": "00:31:42", "start": "00:31:38", "text": "and raise a family. This may feel like"}, {"end": "00:31:44", "start": "00:31:40", "text": "it's out of left field for a video about"}, {"end": "00:31:46", "start": "00:31:42", "text": "navigating a world that is changing so"}, {"end": "00:31:49", "start": "00:31:44", "text": "rapidly most people will be paralyzed by"}, {"end": "00:31:52", "start": "00:31:46", "text": "overwhelm, but here's the truth. We need"}, {"end": "00:31:55", "start": "00:31:49", "text": "meaning and purpose. We need to love and"}, {"end": "00:31:57", "start": "00:31:52", "text": "be loved. We need to do hard things. And"}, {"end": "00:31:59", "start": "00:31:55", "text": "while I cannot speak from experience, I"}, {"end": "00:32:01", "start": "00:31:57", "text": "can see from an evolutionary perspective"}, {"end": "00:32:04", "start": "00:31:59", "text": "that having kids is what nature wants us"}, {"end": "00:32:06", "start": "00:32:01", "text": "to do. There are built-in algorithms"}, {"end": "00:32:09", "start": "00:32:04", "text": "running in your brain that will reward"}, {"end": "00:32:11", "start": "00:32:06", "text": "you for having and raising kids."}, {"end": "00:32:12", "start": "00:32:09", "text": "And I can't think of any better default"}, {"end": "00:32:15", "start": "00:32:11", "text": "way to have deep meaning and purpose"}, {"end": "00:32:17", "start": "00:32:12", "text": "than to raise children. Well, there are"}, {"end": "00:32:19", "start": "00:32:15", "text": "no universals in life, but I think you"}, {"end": "00:32:22", "start": "00:32:17", "text": "deviate from that path at your own risk."}, {"end": "00:32:24", "start": "00:32:19", "text": "I don't have kids, so I know you can do"}, {"end": "00:32:26", "start": "00:32:22", "text": "that well, but it requires some extra"}, {"end": "00:32:28", "start": "00:32:24", "text": "planning if you want to make sure your"}, {"end": "00:32:30", "start": "00:32:26", "text": "life has meaning. No matter what happens"}, {"end": "00:32:33", "start": "00:32:28", "text": "with AI, love and family will be"}, {"end": "00:32:34", "start": "00:32:30", "text": "constants, at least until humans become"}, {"end": "00:32:36", "start": "00:32:33", "text": "fully synthetic. But that's a whole"}, {"end": "00:32:38", "start": "00:32:34", "text": "another video. Ultimately, your life"}, {"end": "00:32:41", "start": "00:32:36", "text": "should be full of joy. And while I"}, {"end": "00:32:43", "start": "00:32:38", "text": "expect that AI is going to knock a lot"}, {"end": "00:32:45", "start": "00:32:41", "text": "of people down, and I think a great many"}, {"end": "00:32:48", "start": "00:32:43", "text": "people are going to have a very tough"}, {"end": "00:32:50", "start": "00:32:45", "text": "time adapting, the reality is that how"}, {"end": "00:32:52", "start": "00:32:48", "text": "we respond to this radical change is"}, {"end": "00:32:55", "start": "00:32:50", "text": "going to be up to us. Some people will"}, {"end": "00:32:58", "start": "00:32:52", "text": "get fully augmented and travel to Mars."}, {"end": "00:33:01", "start": "00:32:55", "text": "Others will move to a farm off the grid"}, {"end": "00:33:04", "start": "00:32:58", "text": "and reject technology completely. That"}, {"end": "00:33:07", "start": "00:33:01", "text": "much we all get to choose. Let me leave"}, {"end": "00:33:10", "start": "00:33:04", "text": "you with this. AI is rewriting our world"}, {"end": "00:33:12", "start": "00:33:07", "text": "faster, vaster, and more brutally than"}, {"end": "00:33:14", "start": "00:33:10", "text": "any revolution in human history. There"}, {"end": "00:33:16", "start": "00:33:12", "text": "has never been anything like it. Not the"}, {"end": "00:33:18", "start": "00:33:14", "text": "printing press or gunpowder,"}, {"end": "00:33:20", "start": "00:33:16", "text": "electricity, or even atomic energy. But"}, {"end": "00:33:23", "start": "00:33:18", "text": "history shows over and over that"}, {"end": "00:33:25", "start": "00:33:20", "text": "disruption carves paths to progress, but"}, {"end": "00:33:27", "start": "00:33:23", "text": "only for those who move. The US and"}, {"end": "00:33:30", "start": "00:33:25", "text": "China's AI arms race guarantees that"}, {"end": "00:33:32", "start": "00:33:27", "text": "this train will not stop. Many will be"}, {"end": "00:33:36", "start": "00:33:30", "text": "paralyzed by overwhelm. Others will die"}, {"end": "00:33:39", "start": "00:33:32", "text": "in mouse utopia. But we all have a"}, {"end": "00:33:41", "start": "00:33:36", "text": "choice. And if I were to suggest one, it"}, {"end": "00:33:43", "start": "00:33:39", "text": "would be to push for sensible"}, {"end": "00:33:46", "start": "00:33:41", "text": "regulation. Choose the hard path of"}, {"end": "00:33:48", "start": "00:33:43", "text": "meaning and purpose and master the tools"}, {"end": "00:33:51", "start": "00:33:46", "text": "while that still matters. Whether it's 2"}, {"end": "00:33:53", "start": "00:33:48", "text": "years or 20 years away, don't just stand"}, {"end": "00:33:55", "start": "00:33:51", "text": "there on the beach and let the tsunami"}, {"end": "00:33:57", "start": "00:33:53", "text": "take you. Have the courage to take on"}, {"end": "00:34:00", "start": "00:33:55", "text": "whatever comes next and push yourself to"}, {"end": "00:34:02", "start": "00:33:57", "text": "the limit. Remember, the future isn't"}, {"end": "00:34:04", "start": "00:34:00", "text": "some faroff thing. It's happening right"}, {"end": "00:34:06", "start": "00:34:02", "text": "now and it's moving a lot faster than"}, {"end": "00:34:08", "start": "00:34:04", "text": "you think. All right, guys. If you want"}, {"end": "00:34:09", "start": "00:34:06", "text": "to see me explore ideas like this live"}, {"end": "00:34:12", "start": "00:34:08", "text": "in real time, make sure that you're"}, {"end": "00:34:14", "start": "00:34:09", "text": "joining me for my lives on my channel at"}, {"end": "00:34:16", "start": "00:34:12", "text": "6:00 a.m. Pacific time. I'll see you"}, {"end": "00:34:18", "start": "00:34:14", "text": "there. Take care. If you like this"}, {"end": "00:34:22", "start": "00:34:16", "text": "conversation, check out this episode to"}, {"end": "00:34:24", "start": "00:34:18", "text": "learn more. True story. Six men"}, {"end": "00:34:27", "start": "00:34:22", "text": "representing 25% of the world's wealth"}, {"end": "00:34:29", "start": "00:34:24", "text": "meet on a private train. No last names,"}, {"end": "00:34:31", "start": "00:34:27", "text": "no press, no records. If anyone asks,"}, {"end": "00:34:35", "start": "00:34:29", "text": "they're going duck hunting in Georgia,"}, {"end": "00:34:35", "start": "00:34:31", "text": "but they're not going duck"}]

[{"start": "00:00:00", "end": "00:00:05", "text": "When this story hits the airwaves, it's going to transform people's opinion about the CIA and the depths to which"}, {"start": "00:00:05", "end": "00:00:12", "text": "CIA will dive to collect intelligence that protects Americans. But one of its own officers became a spy reporting our"}, {"start": "00:00:12", "end": "00:00:18", "text": "secrets to a foreign adversary. My wife and I were included in an operation to bait the mole to make a mistake so that"}, {"start": "00:00:18", "end": "00:00:24", "text": "the mole could be found and disclosed. Your wife is here today and you've never told this story before, have you?"}, {"start": "00:00:24", "end": "00:00:30", "text": "No. And your curiosity right now is a major issue with CIA because they don't"}, {"start": "00:00:30", "end": "00:00:37", "text": "want the world to know who those people are. It's a dangerous game. Well, obviously my research team tried to figure out who it was."}, {"start": "00:00:37", "end": "00:00:43", "text": "So, was this the mob? Married CIA spies Andrew and Jihi"}, {"start": "00:00:43", "end": "00:00:49", "text": "Bamante were tasked with unraveling one of the greatest intelligence operations in modern history. Their untold story"}, {"start": "00:00:49", "end": "00:00:54", "text": "shows you how to build trust, manipulate, and thrive under pressure."}, {"start": "00:00:54", "end": "00:01:00", "text": "What actually happened? A foreign ally contacted CIA and said,"}, {"start": "00:01:00", "end": "00:01:06", "text": "\"You have somebody inside your organization sharing information on operations, officers, assets to an enemy"}, {"start": "00:01:06", "end": "00:01:11", "text": "country.\" They deployed us to the country and crafted new identities, new aliases so that we could build new"}, {"start": "00:01:11", "end": "00:01:17", "text": "sources of intelligence and try to find the mole. And we were really successful in doing that. Nobody felt like they were in imminent"}, {"start": "00:01:17", "end": "00:01:24", "text": "danger. But then that changed. My presence in the enemy country became known. I called G and said, \"I'm coming"}, {"start": "00:01:24", "end": "00:01:29", "text": "home early.\" And from that, I knew that something was wrong because it is very real that you"}, {"start": "00:01:29", "end": "00:01:35", "text": "can be disappeared by a foreign adversary. Or worse, being captured and the president can plausibly deny that you're"}, {"start": "00:01:35", "end": "00:01:42", "text": "CIA. So, I had to try to escape this country. But everything went wrong. And what happens next? A horrible story."}, {"start": "00:01:42", "end": "00:01:49", "text": "So, [Music] this is the first time I'm setting you at home a challenge when you listen to"}, {"start": "00:01:49", "end": "00:01:55", "text": "this episode. Can you figure out which country Andrew and Jihi were undercover"}, {"start": "00:01:55", "end": "00:02:01", "text": "in as spies from what they say? But also, our team here have figured out"}, {"start": "00:02:01", "end": "00:02:07", "text": "that the mole in the CIA was one of these three people. Can you figure out"}, {"start": "00:02:07", "end": "00:02:13", "text": "from what they say which person was the mole? It might make sense for you at"}, {"start": "00:02:13", "end": "00:02:18", "text": "this moment to screenshot these three faces and the details below so you can remember their profiles. And by the end"}, {"start": "00:02:18", "end": "00:02:25", "text": "of the conversation, I want you to comment below which country you thought Andrew was undercovering as a spy and"}, {"start": "00:02:25", "end": "00:02:31", "text": "which one of these people was the mole within the CIA. Let's do this. Listen to"}, {"start": "00:02:31", "end": "00:02:36", "text": "my regular listeners. I know you don't like it when I ask you to subscribe at the start of these conversations. I don't like saying I don't like it being"}, {"start": "00:02:36", "end": "00:02:41", "text": "in there. None of us like it. It's frustrating. Do you know what's also frustrating? It's also frustrating when"}, {"start": "00:02:41", "end": "00:02:47", "text": "I go into the back end of a YouTube channel and I see that 56% of you that listen frequently to this podcast"}, {"start": "00:02:47", "end": "00:02:52", "text": "haven't yet subscribed and so many of you don't even know that you haven't subscribed because I see in the comment section you say to me, you go, I didn't"}, {"start": "00:02:52", "end": "00:02:58", "text": "even realize I didn't subscribe and that actually fuels the show. It's basically like you're making a donation to the show. So that's why I ask all the time"}, {"start": "00:02:58", "end": "00:03:03", "text": "because it enables us to build and build and build and build and we're going for the long term here. So all I'd ask you"}, {"start": "00:03:03", "end": "00:03:09", "text": "is if you've seen this show before and you like it, help me help my team here. Hit the subscribe button and we'll"}, {"start": "00:03:09", "end": "00:03:17", "text": "continue to build this show for you. That's my promise. Thank you to all of you guys that do subscribe. Means the world to me. Let's get on with the show."}, {"start": "00:03:17", "end": "00:03:23", "text": "[Music] Andrew, you've never told this story before,"}, {"start": "00:03:23", "end": "00:03:29", "text": "have you? No, I have never told the story of my own operational background. It's been uh"}, {"start": "00:03:29", "end": "00:03:35", "text": "it's been something that CI has forbidden for a long time. And what's written in this book has"}, {"start": "00:03:35", "end": "00:03:42", "text": "taken you a long time to get approved by the CIA. Correct. So, uh, all CIA officers sign a"}, {"start": "00:03:42", "end": "00:03:50", "text": "lifetime secrecy agreement. And that secrecy agreement, uh, gives CIA the right to to approve or disapprove any"}, {"start": "00:03:50", "end": "00:03:56", "text": "operational elements of our background that are still classified and that fit"}, {"start": "00:03:56", "end": "00:04:02", "text": "under this very kind of narrow rubric of sources and methods. Sources and methods of active intelligence collection."}, {"start": "00:04:02", "end": "00:04:08", "text": "because of my time at CIA, my work at CIA, and the sensitivity of that work, I just kind of assumed I would never be"}, {"start": "00:04:08", "end": "00:04:14", "text": "able to talk about it. And then all that changed with the first Trump administration. What was the CIA's response when you"}, {"start": "00:04:14", "end": "00:04:20", "text": "said that you wanted to talk about what you're going to talk about today? Well, that's what's interesting. They had two different responses. When I"}, {"start": "00:04:20", "end": "00:04:25", "text": "first submitted the request in 2019 to CIA to write about my operational"}, {"start": "00:04:25", "end": "00:04:31", "text": "background, we went through kind of some normal bureaucratic back and forth and they ultimately said yes, you can write"}, {"start": "00:04:31", "end": "00:04:37", "text": "about it in in detail. And then in 2021 when we submitted the manuscript and it"}, {"start": "00:04:37", "end": "00:04:43", "text": "was complete, the world started to change. In 2022, uh, multiple major"}, {"start": "00:04:43", "end": "00:04:50", "text": "issues, uh, erupted between major adversaries of the United States and CIA came back and and removed their previous"}, {"start": "00:04:50", "end": "00:04:56", "text": "permission. Uh, they basically said that in light of current geopolitics, everything in the book was now"}, {"start": "00:04:56", "end": "00:05:01", "text": "reclassified. How did you get the CIA to change their mind so that you could release this book and talk about what you're going to talk"}, {"start": "00:05:01", "end": "00:05:07", "text": "about today? We engaged with an attorney, one of the top attorneys in the space of classified information and publishing information."}, {"start": "00:05:07", "end": "00:05:14", "text": "So the attorney believed that because of the effort that my wife and I had put into the book, CIA would back off. And"}, {"start": "00:05:14", "end": "00:05:19", "text": "ultimately that is what they did. When we threatened them with a First Amendment lawsuit, they came back and said, \"We don't want to go down that"}, {"start": "00:05:19", "end": "00:05:24", "text": "road. We think we can collaborate on this. We'll approve your book uh and you can move forward.\""}, {"start": "00:05:24", "end": "00:05:31", "text": "Why do you think they didn't want you to publish this book and this story to get out? When this story hits the airwaves, it's"}, {"start": "00:05:31", "end": "00:05:36", "text": "going to transform people's opinion about CIA in two big ways. First, they'll understand that CIA is not what"}, {"start": "00:05:36", "end": "00:05:42", "text": "the movies portray it to be. It's not superhuman spies who go out there like"}, {"start": "00:05:42", "end": "00:05:48", "text": "James Bond or Jason Bourne who are one man against the world. That's not how espionage works. Espionage is a team"}, {"start": "00:05:48", "end": "00:05:54", "text": "sport. You have wins, you have losses. The second thing is they'll actually they'll start to understand the depth to"}, {"start": "00:05:54", "end": "00:05:59", "text": "which CIA will dive to collect intelligence that protects Americans. Inside this book, we talk about a mole"}, {"start": "00:05:59", "end": "00:06:05", "text": "that actually penetrated CIA that CIA has never acknowledged. Inside this book, we talk about new tactics that CIA"}, {"start": "00:06:05", "end": "00:06:11", "text": "learned from terrorism and then used against our own most strategic adversaries. I don't think people"}, {"start": "00:06:11", "end": "00:06:19", "text": "recognize that CIA is morally ambivalent to how it executes espionage operations."}, {"start": "00:06:19", "end": "00:06:24", "text": "The goal is to keep Americans safe. When you say in this book you disclose"}, {"start": "00:06:24", "end": "00:06:30", "text": "that there was a mole within the CIA, what does that mean for someone that doesn't know what a mole in the CIA is?"}, {"start": "00:06:30", "end": "00:06:35", "text": "One of the worst things that can happen to an intelligence service is that one of its own officers"}, {"start": "00:06:35", "end": "00:06:41", "text": "becomes a spy for a foreign adversary. That is what I'm referring to when I"}, {"start": "00:06:41", "end": "00:06:48", "text": "talk about a mole. And you were involved in that operation to find the mole within the CIA."}, {"start": "00:06:48", "end": "00:06:53", "text": "Correct. More specifically, my wife and I were included in in an operation to"}, {"start": "00:06:53", "end": "00:06:59", "text": "kind of f it out the mole to bait and and tempt the mole to make a mistake so"}, {"start": "00:06:59", "end": "00:07:05", "text": "that the mole could be found and disclosed. And your wife is here today, correct? And we're going to bring her in and talk"}, {"start": "00:07:05", "end": "00:07:10", "text": "to her as well. But for the for anyone that doesn't know your backstory, which would be pretty remarkable seeing as you've been on this channel now a few"}, {"start": "00:07:10", "end": "00:07:16", "text": "times. Um, could you give me a whistle stop tour of your professional background up until the point that you"}, {"start": "00:07:16", "end": "00:07:21", "text": "met Jihi? Yeah, absolutely. So, I'm from a rural place in Pennsylvania. Uh was like the"}, {"start": "00:07:21", "end": "00:07:27", "text": "only brown kid in a white high school, but I ended up going to an air a military academy. I went to the Air Force Academy. And from the Air Force"}, {"start": "00:07:27", "end": "00:07:33", "text": "Academy, I go into the Air Force. The Air Force teaches me how to fly. They teach me a foreign language. And then"}, {"start": "00:07:33", "end": "00:07:41", "text": "they teach me about nuclear weapons and nuclear missiles. And I serve as a nuclear missile officer in the Air Force. So, CIA picked me up. Uh and in"}, {"start": "00:07:41", "end": "00:07:46", "text": "my first my first day on the job in CIA, that's the day that I met my wife. Um she was sitting in the back of the"}, {"start": "00:07:46", "end": "00:07:53", "text": "classroom. I of course worked my way to the front of the classroom and uh and from there our training just kind of"}, {"start": "00:07:53", "end": "00:08:01", "text": "overlapped and we we became close. Well, Ji is here so I'd like to hear her version of events."}, {"start": "00:08:01", "end": "00:08:07", "text": "Was there any inconsistency in the story he told? What was your perspective? There's always another perspective. And are you"}, {"start": "00:08:07", "end": "00:08:12", "text": "allowed to date in the CIA? Oh, yeah. It's encouraged. Um because"}, {"start": "00:08:12", "end": "00:08:19", "text": "it's really hard when you're keeping so many secrets to date somebody outside of"}, {"start": "00:08:19", "end": "00:08:24", "text": "the CIA and not be able to tell that because we had friends who did that who did that. You have to keep your whole life secret. So you're lying to them"}, {"start": "00:08:24", "end": "00:08:30", "text": "about where you're going and what you do dayto day dayto day every single day. So you're building a relationship"}, {"start": "00:08:30", "end": "00:08:38", "text": "and lying all the time and it's really difficult. So, if you date within the CIA, you know, if you're in different"}, {"start": "00:08:38", "end": "00:08:44", "text": "divisions or whatever, like maybe you can't talk about everything in detail, but you at least know what's going on."}, {"start": "00:08:44", "end": "00:08:51", "text": "You know why somebody's going TDY or where they're going for a training um session or we can explain to each other like, \"Hey,"}, {"start": "00:08:51", "end": "00:08:57", "text": "I'm going to go work with the Spanish. I'm going to go work with the with the Canadians.\" Mhm. But when you're dating somebody on the"}, {"start": "00:08:57", "end": "00:09:03", "text": "outside, you can't say those things. So, it becomes, \"I'm going on a business meeting. I'm going on a trip.\" crazy."}, {"start": "00:09:03", "end": "00:09:10", "text": "And we've had many friends who have had relationships explode or melt down because the the partner starts to"}, {"start": "00:09:10", "end": "00:09:16", "text": "ask very logical questions. We had one good friend of ours who was an outsider who was dating one of our good friends"}, {"start": "00:09:16", "end": "00:09:22", "text": "who was an insider and she pulled me aside one day and she was like, you know, he goes on all these"}, {"start": "00:09:22", "end": "00:09:27", "text": "business trips but he never takes any suits. She's like, I think he's cheating on me. And I was like, \"No, he's"}, {"start": "00:09:27", "end": "00:09:32", "text": "actually going to a tactical training course where you don't need to wear anything except BDUs, but I can see your"}, {"start": "00:09:32", "end": "00:09:37", "text": "concerns.\" So, you have to walk your like there's a lot of walking people off a cliff because they start to come to"}, {"start": "00:09:37", "end": "00:09:44", "text": "the wrong conclusion about what their actual uh partner is doing. Chihi, what's your journey into the CIA?"}, {"start": "00:09:44", "end": "00:09:51", "text": "Mine was kind of an unexpected journey because I went into social work working with um survivors of torture from other"}, {"start": "00:09:51", "end": "00:09:56", "text": "countries, with refugees, with asyles. But before I got that job, I'd actually"}, {"start": "00:09:56", "end": "00:10:02", "text": "I'd spent my entire last year of grad school going to job fairs. And I wanted what I really wanted was to work for the"}, {"start": "00:10:02", "end": "00:10:07", "text": "federal government for like the larger mission for the United States, for like the people of the United States. But"}, {"start": "00:10:07", "end": "00:10:13", "text": "then nobody was calling me back. And I was like, okay. I was like, I'll just submit an application, like an online application to CIA, which I thought was"}, {"start": "00:10:13", "end": "00:10:19", "text": "funny. And then a few months later, I got a call back. She was like, come to the information session. So, I went in"}, {"start": "00:10:19", "end": "00:10:24", "text": "like a random hotel with these like nondescript signs outside and you walk in and you're like, I don't know if I'm"}, {"start": "00:10:24", "end": "00:10:30", "text": "in the in the right place. And then they close the door and they're like, welcome to the CIA recruiting session. And"}, {"start": "00:10:30", "end": "00:10:36", "text": "you're like, this is so bizarre. And um do they tell you what your role is? Cuz I know there's several different roles"}, {"start": "00:10:36", "end": "00:10:43", "text": "in in the CIA. Mhm. Targeters began uh during the war on terror. And because"}, {"start": "00:10:43", "end": "00:10:48", "text": "what they initially did was target individuals for capture or kill for the military."}, {"start": "00:10:48", "end": "00:10:55", "text": "Okay. So what what does that mean? They targeted people for capture or kill for the military. So you would"}, {"start": "00:10:55", "end": "00:11:03", "text": "find the person to capture or kill. Yes. In a foreign country. Yes. And so because you know everybody"}, {"start": "00:11:03", "end": "00:11:08", "text": "else is doing their job of you know logistics or weapons or fighting or"}, {"start": "00:11:08", "end": "00:11:13", "text": "strategy. So the targeted position was really important because it takes time"}, {"start": "00:11:13", "end": "00:11:19", "text": "to to go through all this data to piece together this puzzle of who is"}, {"start": "00:11:19", "end": "00:11:25", "text": "important, who is important to capture, who's important to kill, and how do you get to them? The how do you get to them"}, {"start": "00:11:25", "end": "00:11:31", "text": "is the piece that like everybody else wants to know, but they don't really have time to do that and their other"}, {"start": "00:11:31", "end": "00:11:38", "text": "job. So they carved out this targeter role. So one person can do all this research and identify and the you know"}, {"start": "00:11:38", "end": "00:11:45", "text": "terrorists were really fascinating because they had how their organizations were structured and so you really needed"}, {"start": "00:11:45", "end": "00:11:51", "text": "somebody who could look I mean it's like u like targeting the mafia right like"}, {"start": "00:11:51", "end": "00:11:56", "text": "everybody has a role like there's a big organization everybody has a role it is"}, {"start": "00:11:56", "end": "00:12:01", "text": "in your favor if you're t if you're going after them to find out who who's"}, {"start": "00:12:01", "end": "00:12:07", "text": "who connected to who how Can you get to different people? Cuz you're never going to be able to just get the top person"}, {"start": "00:12:07", "end": "00:12:12", "text": "right away. So, how do you get there? Right. And you became a targeter. Yes."}, {"start": "00:12:12", "end": "00:12:18", "text": "So, your job was to figure out who to capture and kill or capture or or"}, {"start": "00:12:18", "end": "00:12:24", "text": "And what was your role in the CIA? How was your role different? Can you explain it for a layman? Yeah. So, where Ji was trying to find"}, {"start": "00:12:24", "end": "00:12:30", "text": "the individuals that were of interest, my job was to learn what to do after a"}, {"start": "00:12:30", "end": "00:12:36", "text": "target identified those individuals. How do you actually meet the person? How do you befriend the person? How do you win their trust? How do you collect their"}, {"start": "00:12:36", "end": "00:12:42", "text": "secrets? What's known as a a field officer, an operations officer, a case officer? Those are the different"}, {"start": "00:12:42", "end": "00:12:48", "text": "terminologies that we use internally. But you essentially have every case is kind of handed over from person to"}, {"start": "00:12:48", "end": "00:12:53", "text": "person. So raw information, sometimes open source information is handed to a"}, {"start": "00:12:53", "end": "00:12:59", "text": "targeter who creates a profile, a dossier, a targeting package who hands it to an operations officer who goes out"}, {"start": "00:12:59", "end": "00:13:05", "text": "and actually makes that first contact. And then when first contact is made, we pass all the information back and it"}, {"start": "00:13:05", "end": "00:13:12", "text": "goes back to all the same people to build the next package for the next target. So jihei would identify the individual"}, {"start": "00:13:12", "end": "00:13:17", "text": "and then your job was to fly overseas, go undercover and make first contact"}, {"start": "00:13:17", "end": "00:13:23", "text": "with that individual to extract intelligence from them. And not at first by the time that CIA"}, {"start": "00:13:23", "end": "00:13:31", "text": "started utilizing us as a tandem couple. A tandem couple is a term that means a married, truly married, CIA trained"}, {"start": "00:13:31", "end": "00:13:37", "text": "couple. When we started becoming a tandem couple, that's how we were a one-two punch for operations. Prior to"}, {"start": "00:13:37", "end": "00:13:43", "text": "that, we were in separate offices in separate divisions doing separate work. So, we got along uh and we were"}, {"start": "00:13:43", "end": "00:13:50", "text": "complimentary because I understood the challenges of her job and she understood the challenges of my job, which made both of us better working with our"}, {"start": "00:13:50", "end": "00:13:55", "text": "counterparts in our different offices. So, where where does the story begin?"}, {"start": "00:13:55", "end": "00:14:00", "text": "Andy, you know, you you wrote this book to tell a story. So, I'm asking you the"}, {"start": "00:14:00", "end": "00:14:07", "text": "question. Usually, I' I'd hazard a guess where to start, but where does this story begin? From my perspective, the"}, {"start": "00:14:07", "end": "00:14:13", "text": "story really starts on uh on I think it was a winter day when we were both"}, {"start": "00:14:13", "end": "00:14:20", "text": "called in to a counter intelligence office that was a massive oak table. It"}, {"start": "00:14:20", "end": "00:14:26", "text": "was a it was a senior executive leadership type of room. But there were only three people there."}, {"start": "00:14:26", "end": "00:14:33", "text": "It was she, it was me, and it was the leader of what's known as Falcon House, which is this group of specialists"}, {"start": "00:14:33", "end": "00:14:40", "text": "inside of CIA focused on one particular adversary, an adversary that we've had to codeename Falcon to maintain"}, {"start": "00:14:40", "end": "00:14:45", "text": "confidentiality with CIA. And so Falcon is a country basically. Falcon is a country. Correct. And that"}, {"start": "00:14:45", "end": "00:14:53", "text": "leader revealed to us that they believed there was a penetration, a mole that was"}, {"start": "00:14:53", "end": "00:14:59", "text": "inside of Falcon House, inside of CIA, and that they needed us to agree to do"}, {"start": "00:14:59", "end": "00:15:07", "text": "an operation so that the mole will make a mistake here. Cuz if the mole makes a mistake here, we'll find him. But we"}, {"start": "00:15:07", "end": "00:15:12", "text": "can't have you be here cuz if you're here, the mole will find you. And then we don't know what happens if the mole finds you. So, we're going to send you"}, {"start": "00:15:12", "end": "00:15:18", "text": "across the world to go work in this other country, Falcon being the country,"}, {"start": "00:15:18", "end": "00:15:25", "text": "while we here as the experts in Washington DC try to find the mole. And that was privileged information that"}, {"start": "00:15:25", "end": "00:15:32", "text": "neither of us as junior officers ever thought we would hear. And I think that I know for me I was kind of giddy with"}, {"start": "00:15:32", "end": "00:15:37", "text": "excitement and gi was a little bit more apprehensive with this can't be real. But that was for me that's where the"}, {"start": "00:15:37", "end": "00:15:44", "text": "story starts is when these two people her and with her anxiety disorder and and me with my kind of lackluster CIA"}, {"start": "00:15:44", "end": "00:15:49", "text": "career when we got pulled into this office that was clearly outside of our"}, {"start": "00:15:49", "end": "00:15:56", "text": "league and invited to do this operation um without that first meeting Shadow"}, {"start": "00:15:56", "end": "00:16:03", "text": "Cell would have never happened. So from that moment onwards, how long was it before you flew to the foreign country"}, {"start": "00:16:03", "end": "00:16:08", "text": "in question? And what was your objective when you got to that foreign for foreign country? So"}, {"start": "00:16:08", "end": "00:16:14", "text": "I guess it's like a subobjective to find the mole and there was another main objective which was going to help find"}, {"start": "00:16:14", "end": "00:16:20", "text": "the mole. You got to I mean you're using great terminology. There were primary objectives and secondary objectives. And"}, {"start": "00:16:20", "end": "00:16:26", "text": "the primary objective was to build a new set of reporting assets, a new source of"}, {"start": "00:16:26", "end": "00:16:32", "text": "intelligence, several new sources of intelligence in Falcon, the actual country. And to to help you frame what"}, {"start": "00:16:32", "end": "00:16:39", "text": "Falcon is, there's only a handful of countries that are true stark adversaries to the United States. Every"}, {"start": "00:16:39", "end": "00:16:44", "text": "one of those countries has limited to no diplomatic relationship with the United"}, {"start": "00:16:44", "end": "00:16:49", "text": "States. That's how hostile they are. Any one of those countries could be Falcon."}, {"start": "00:16:49", "end": "00:16:55", "text": "The reason that we have to codeame the country is because CIA in today's geopolitical world has has demanded we"}, {"start": "00:16:55", "end": "00:17:02", "text": "don't disclose the name of the country. So we call it Falcon. What are the United States adversaries where we don't have any relationship"}, {"start": "00:17:02", "end": "00:17:09", "text": "with them? There's also like North Korea, there's Russia, there's Iran we know of. Are there any others?"}, {"start": "00:17:09", "end": "00:17:15", "text": "Cuba. Cuba. Mhm. Yeah. There's and those are uh there's a mix there of countries that we do have a"}, {"start": "00:17:15", "end": "00:17:20", "text": "relationship with, but it's not a warm relationship versus countries we have no relationship with. So, we have no"}, {"start": "00:17:20", "end": "00:17:27", "text": "relationship with North Korea. We have a cold relationship with Russia, right? We have a cold relationship with"}, {"start": "00:17:27", "end": "00:17:32", "text": "China. We have no relationship with Iran. So, they're all considered hard targets,"}, {"start": "00:17:32", "end": "00:17:38", "text": "but of various levels. Okay. So this the objective is the"}, {"start": "00:17:38", "end": "00:17:43", "text": "primary objective is to build a new team in this country, but the subobjective is"}, {"start": "00:17:43", "end": "00:17:48", "text": "in building the team, you're going to find out hopefully who the mole is because the mole is going to make a"}, {"start": "00:17:48", "end": "00:17:55", "text": "mistake. The mole's going to try to find us because the mole's job is to prevent CIA"}, {"start": "00:17:55", "end": "00:18:02", "text": "from collecting secrets about Falcon. Cuz the mole is working for Falcon intelligence. The mole is working for that country,"}, {"start": "00:18:02", "end": "00:18:08", "text": "right? The mole is part of the CIA but working for the adversarial country. Bingo. Which is the worst combination"}, {"start": "00:18:08", "end": "00:18:14", "text": "you can have. Um, so some of the most famous moles in history are Aldrick Ames. Aldra games was a CIA penetration"}, {"start": "00:18:14", "end": "00:18:20", "text": "that worked for the Russians. Robert Hansen. Robert Hansen was an FBI penetration that worked for the"}, {"start": "00:18:20", "end": "00:18:28", "text": "Russians. So these are famous moles in history. We were essentially being told that these earthshattering 1990s era"}, {"start": "00:18:28", "end": "00:18:33", "text": "moles were were still relevant, but now in"}, {"start": "00:18:33", "end": "00:18:40", "text": "2010ish, there was a new one that had made its way into CIA and and that's a big deal."}, {"start": "00:18:40", "end": "00:18:47", "text": "So, it was a very exciting reveal for me because it meant that we were not just doing something that was relevant and"}, {"start": "00:18:47", "end": "00:18:53", "text": "interesting inside of CIA. We're doing something that is quite possibly the most important work that can be done"}, {"start": "00:18:53", "end": "00:19:00", "text": "inside CIA at this moment in time. How did the CIA know there was a mole? There's a lot of complexity there that"}, {"start": "00:19:00", "end": "00:19:07", "text": "is part of why they didn't want us to write this book. But what they have allowed us to disclose is that a foreign"}, {"start": "00:19:07", "end": "00:19:14", "text": "ally contacted CIA and said, \"We have collected intelligence that suggests you"}, {"start": "00:19:14", "end": "00:19:19", "text": "have a mole. You have somebody inside your organization who's a turncoat, a"}, {"start": "00:19:19", "end": "00:19:24", "text": "spy for somebody else.\" So a foreign ally warned CIA. Otherwise CIA would"}, {"start": "00:19:24", "end": "00:19:29", "text": "have had no idea. Okay? And foreign allies are people like the the United Kingdom, Canada, Canada,"}, {"start": "00:19:29", "end": "00:19:35", "text": "Australia, Australia, Australia. So you can imagine the disruption that that would make. Not"}, {"start": "00:19:35", "end": "00:19:43", "text": "only did we did did CIA proper not know they had a mole. It took an ally to tell us. And then when the ally told us, we"}, {"start": "00:19:43", "end": "00:19:48", "text": "have to assume that the ally is sharing as much biographical detail as possible."}, {"start": "00:19:48", "end": "00:19:54", "text": "So they're telling you the name. Hey, Bob is a spy in your organization. But"}, {"start": "00:19:54", "end": "00:20:01", "text": "now that CIA officer is an American citizen protected by American rights and privileges and CIA obviously has no"}, {"start": "00:20:01", "end": "00:20:07", "text": "information to show that that person's a spy except for the word of some foreign ally which is still in the in the eyes"}, {"start": "00:20:07", "end": "00:20:14", "text": "of the US government a foreigner is a foreigner ally or not. So even if it is the UK or Canadians telling us so and so"}, {"start": "00:20:14", "end": "00:20:20", "text": "is a spy until we have our own body of evidence we can't prosecute. That person can't be fired. That person can't be"}, {"start": "00:20:20", "end": "00:20:27", "text": "discharged. That person can't be sued. that person can't be arrested. So now CIA has this mess where they are"}, {"start": "00:20:27", "end": "00:20:32", "text": "actively losing information, actively losing uh intel"}, {"start": "00:20:32", "end": "00:20:39", "text": "because of this mole because of a mole, but they can't take any action because they have to now build a legal case against the mole to"}, {"start": "00:20:39", "end": "00:20:44", "text": "prove that that person's actually breaking the law. So the ally that calls the CIA and says"}, {"start": "00:20:44", "end": "00:20:50", "text": "you've got a mole in your ranks, they named the person most likely. most likely they would have"}, {"start": "00:20:50", "end": "00:20:56", "text": "never made the the notification without also sharing the name which is a courtesy we do to others as well. If we"}, {"start": "00:20:56", "end": "00:21:02", "text": "come across information that we know an MI6 officer has been compromised or a Canadian CSIS officer has been"}, {"start": "00:21:02", "end": "00:21:08", "text": "compromised or an ASUS officer in in Australia, we will share as many biographical details as possible."}, {"start": "00:21:08", "end": "00:21:13", "text": "And did you share the name? Did when you were called into the room that day, did they share the name with you?"}, {"start": "00:21:13", "end": "00:21:19", "text": "No. It's hard for people to wrap their minds around the culture at CIA. And I get it"}, {"start": "00:21:19", "end": "00:21:24", "text": "because how do you wrap your mind around an organization you don't know? And the only exact the only insight is from"}, {"start": "00:21:24", "end": "00:21:32", "text": "movies. So culturally CIA is a is a group of people who value secrets. And"}, {"start": "00:21:32", "end": "00:21:38", "text": "that need to know is very important inside those walls. It's just something we toss around like movie jargon"}, {"start": "00:21:38", "end": "00:21:46", "text": "outside. But inside CIA need to know is very very real. And you are only briefed to the minimum that you need to know. So"}, {"start": "00:21:46", "end": "00:21:54", "text": "inside of this tiny group of of spy hunters which is known as the the um counter espionage group CEG inside this"}, {"start": "00:21:54", "end": "00:22:01", "text": "very small group they have the need to know basically everything and then as you go out in rings from that group they"}, {"start": "00:22:01", "end": "00:22:08", "text": "reduce the information they share. So they might know the name but then when they share it to the next ring they just say hey there's an officer who's in this"}, {"start": "00:22:08", "end": "00:22:15", "text": "office and then it goes to the next ring there's an officer in this division and it goes to the next ring. So the people talking to us as senior leaders, the"}, {"start": "00:22:15", "end": "00:22:22", "text": "people talking to us knew the minimum we needed to know was that we were going to build new operations, but we were also"}, {"start": "00:22:22", "end": "00:22:29", "text": "going to be most likely targeted by a known threat inside CIA. That was why it mattered to us. Interestingly, that"}, {"start": "00:22:29", "end": "00:22:34", "text": "decision is why we had a First Amendment case with this book at all because CIA"}, {"start": "00:22:34", "end": "00:22:40", "text": "was knowingly putting our lives in danger of a foreign adversary by"}, {"start": "00:22:40", "end": "00:22:45", "text": "intentionally creating operations that would tempt that mole to disclose our identities. That was one of the things I"}, {"start": "00:22:45", "end": "00:22:52", "text": "was thinking when I was reading the book is you knew that you were being sent to an adversarial country and you also had"}, {"start": "00:22:52", "end": "00:22:58", "text": "the knowledge that working amongst you was a mole who was revealing secrets"}, {"start": "00:22:58", "end": "00:23:06", "text": "about the CIA and potentially yourselves to that foreign country. Correct. So that foreign country could have"}, {"start": "00:23:06", "end": "00:23:11", "text": "po could have killed you. Absolutely. And and that's the second kind of cultural element that people"}, {"start": "00:23:11", "end": "00:23:16", "text": "don't understand about CIA. You don't really turn down an operation if you're"}, {"start": "00:23:16", "end": "00:23:23", "text": "invited to take part in an operation. You have the right to say no, but if you"}, {"start": "00:23:23", "end": "00:23:28", "text": "say no, you're committing career suicide. Jihei, and anybody who reads the book"}, {"start": "00:23:28", "end": "00:23:33", "text": "will find this out, Jihei was a stellar officer on a phenomenal trajectory,"}, {"start": "00:23:33", "end": "00:23:40", "text": "doing incredible things, kind of really charting the course for what targeters have become today."}, {"start": "00:23:40", "end": "00:23:47", "text": "For me, I proved to be a not very good case officer. And if there was anything I was really hoping for, it was a second"}, {"start": "00:23:47", "end": "00:23:52", "text": "chance. So, when we were pulled into this meeting and they said, \"Hey, here's"}, {"start": "00:23:52", "end": "00:23:57", "text": "this exciting opportunity. Here's an operation that we're we're literally"}, {"start": "00:23:57", "end": "00:24:04", "text": "inviting you into this executive suite to invite you to this operation, and we're going to put you together, and we need you to do this.\" That's not that's"}, {"start": "00:24:04", "end": "00:24:12", "text": "not a situation that I was going to say no to. I think you considered saying no, but for me it was it was a they knew me"}, {"start": "00:24:12", "end": "00:24:17", "text": "well enough to know I was not going to turn that down. Yeah. I mean, I think when you have anxiety, you consider saying no to"}, {"start": "00:24:17", "end": "00:24:25", "text": "everything. It's like you're always thinking about the risk. But I think that what was the risk that you were thinking about? It is very real that you can be"}, {"start": "00:24:25", "end": "00:24:31", "text": "disappeared by a foreign adversary, that you can be, you know, killed by them with no explanation, that you can be"}, {"start": "00:24:31", "end": "00:24:37", "text": "just put in jail and then you never get out because the government's not necessarily going to come to your aid."}, {"start": "00:24:37", "end": "00:24:43", "text": "And if they do, it might be still might be 20 years before you're out of their prison. Every sworn officer has plausible"}, {"start": "00:24:43", "end": "00:24:50", "text": "deniability, meaning the president can plausibly deny that you don't belong to whatever organization you are claiming"}, {"start": "00:24:50", "end": "00:24:57", "text": "to belong to. So, a CIA officer arrested in a Russian prison can can avoid all"}, {"start": "00:24:57", "end": "00:25:03", "text": "questioning and say, \"Hold on, guys. I'm actually CIA. You caught me. Good job. Now, please send me home. Don't have a"}, {"start": "00:25:03", "end": "00:25:10", "text": "diplomatic incident.\" The president has the right to say, \"That person is not CIA.\" Yeah. That person has never worked for me. I"}, {"start": "00:25:10", "end": "00:25:17", "text": "don't know who that person is. uh that their American passport might be verified, but but they are legally in"}, {"start": "00:25:17", "end": "00:25:24", "text": "your possession of of um you know legal requirements. So we we"}, {"start": "00:25:24", "end": "00:25:29", "text": "don't really know who they are. So, so just to clarify then, you were being"}, {"start": "00:25:29", "end": "00:25:35", "text": "told you were going to be flown, both of you, to a foreign country, an adversarial foreign country, and you"}, {"start": "00:25:35", "end": "00:25:40", "text": "were told that there was a mole amongst your your ranks that was feeding information to the foreign country that"}, {"start": "00:25:40", "end": "00:25:45", "text": "you were being flown to. So, we they actually stationed us in a"}, {"start": "00:25:45", "end": "00:25:52", "text": "neighboring country that was friendly, but we knew that Andy and anybody we"}, {"start": "00:25:52", "end": "00:25:58", "text": "worked with would have to go into Falcon. So they flew us to a country Falcon being the adversarial country"}, {"start": "00:25:58", "end": "00:26:04", "text": "adversarial country. So we actually lived in a third country called wolf but we were operating in both wolf and in"}, {"start": "00:26:04", "end": "00:26:10", "text": "falcon. So the danger was still there and then that's when jih's targeter mind set in and that's when she started"}, {"start": "00:26:10", "end": "00:26:15", "text": "thinking through well how could our operation be reverse engineered by"}, {"start": "00:26:15", "end": "00:26:21", "text": "Falcon and actually find us and if we can think like the enemy we can stay one"}, {"start": "00:26:21", "end": "00:26:27", "text": "step ahead of the enemy. So the whole idea of going to wolf and building our team from the very beginning, jihei"}, {"start": "00:26:27", "end": "00:26:32", "text": "started to architect how we could do that in a way that would foil the foil"}, {"start": "00:26:32", "end": "00:26:37", "text": "our uh aggressors from being able to even discover our existence. And what was the objective when you so"}, {"start": "00:26:37", "end": "00:26:43", "text": "you've got this subobjective which I understand which is to find the mole but the main objective is just to spy as"}, {"start": "00:26:43", "end": "00:26:48", "text": "usual and collect information on this adversarial country. Yes and no. The main objective was to"}, {"start": "00:26:48", "end": "00:26:54", "text": "collect information, but the spying as usual is the part that was a no. CIA"}, {"start": "00:26:54", "end": "00:26:59", "text": "specifically told us they didn't want us to do the standard spy mo."}, {"start": "00:26:59", "end": "00:27:05", "text": "Spying has really been the same since the days of Egypt, the ancient Egypt, right? You find somebody who gives you"}, {"start": "00:27:05", "end": "00:27:11", "text": "information about something that they have access to and that's it. And that's spying. Then you turn it into a report and you pass it up to somebody who reads"}, {"start": "00:27:11", "end": "00:27:18", "text": "it and they make a decision. They wanted a new a new kind of mouse track. They wanted a new way of doing espionage."}, {"start": "00:27:18", "end": "00:27:25", "text": "And when they deployed us to the friendly country, that was their only request was whatever you do there,"}, {"start": "00:27:25", "end": "00:27:30", "text": "coordinate it with the local leadership and then don't tell us because we have"}, {"start": "00:27:30", "end": "00:27:37", "text": "to make sure that the mole doesn't learn what you're doing. That's going to be how we tempt the mole"}, {"start": "00:27:37", "end": "00:27:43", "text": "to start probing around and asking questions that are outside of the norm. That's how we're going to reverse engineer this and find the mole. So, we"}, {"start": "00:27:43", "end": "00:27:49", "text": "need you to go do something new and we need it not to be standard. And don't tell us. And don't tell us, but tell your"}, {"start": "00:27:49", "end": "00:27:55", "text": "leadership in the friendly country. Your CA CIA leadership in the French friendly country. Correct."}, {"start": "00:27:55", "end": "00:28:01", "text": "Yes. Okay. Because the and he's going to tell or she's going to tell them. No. So, it's completely"}, {"start": "00:28:01", "end": "00:28:07", "text": "compartmentalized. So, need to know, right? Because if we kept all of our operations"}, {"start": "00:28:07", "end": "00:28:14", "text": "um centered in Wolf than in our in our friendly country, then the mole would"}, {"start": "00:28:14", "end": "00:28:20", "text": "never know what we were doing. So we would be gathering intelligence which would then be further compartmentalized"}, {"start": "00:28:20", "end": "00:28:26", "text": "to maybe a specific office where like one or two people at headquarters might know about one particular operation and"}, {"start": "00:28:26", "end": "00:28:34", "text": "then one or two people might know about another operation. But it's because not all of Falcon House would know, the mole"}, {"start": "00:28:34", "end": "00:28:40", "text": "would not have access to any of these new, any of these new intelligence sources. And that's what was really"}, {"start": "00:28:40", "end": "00:28:45", "text": "important. That's why they wanted us to rebuild because he currently had access to all of the legacy intelligence"}, {"start": "00:28:45", "end": "00:28:50", "text": "sources. Okay? And so if he wanted to, you know, pass any information to Falcon"}, {"start": "00:28:50", "end": "00:28:56", "text": "from all of our legacy sources, he could. But if he doesn't have access to our new sources, he can't pass any of"}, {"start": "00:28:56", "end": "00:29:01", "text": "that new information on. And now here we are. We're able to gather more intelligence and then hopefully if we're"}, {"start": "00:29:01", "end": "00:29:07", "text": "lucky we, you know, we strike gold on finding out who he is or who he's working with or other things. But yeah,"}, {"start": "00:29:07", "end": "00:29:13", "text": "compartmentalization was the is the key. So we were really very um you know uh"}, {"start": "00:29:13", "end": "00:29:19", "text": "kind of siloed in Wolf. I'm trying to understand how you doing what you were doing was going to help"}, {"start": "00:29:19", "end": "00:29:26", "text": "the CIA discover who the mole was. One of the things in in"}, {"start": "00:29:26", "end": "00:29:31", "text": "double agent operations, which is what you're talking about when you talk about a mole or a penetration, a double agent,"}, {"start": "00:29:31", "end": "00:29:37", "text": "meaning I'm a sworn officer of CIA, but then I've also agreed to work with the"}, {"start": "00:29:37", "end": "00:29:42", "text": "Russians, the Chinese, the North Koreans, the Cubans, whatever. That's a double a double agent. double agent"}, {"start": "00:29:42", "end": "00:29:48", "text": "operations are very difficult to maintain long term because if my"}, {"start": "00:29:48", "end": "00:29:55", "text": "information isn't relevant to my foreign adversary anymore if the if I'm collecting secrets on Cuba but I'm being"}, {"start": "00:29:55", "end": "00:30:01", "text": "paid by the Russians the Russians may not care that I keep collecting secrets on Cuba. So they might cut me off and"}, {"start": "00:30:01", "end": "00:30:07", "text": "then all of a sudden I'm a double agent culpable of crime but without protection from another country. So when you think"}, {"start": "00:30:07", "end": "00:30:13", "text": "of your Edward Snowdens, when you think of some of your famous turncoats from the United States, they flee to the"}, {"start": "00:30:13", "end": "00:30:20", "text": "country that they were working for ultimately. So if you don't have that escape path, then it becomes very very"}, {"start": "00:30:20", "end": "00:30:26", "text": "stressful and scary for for a double agent. So what CIA was counting on is"}, {"start": "00:30:26", "end": "00:30:31", "text": "the mole who was reporting our secrets to Falcon."}, {"start": "00:30:31", "end": "00:30:38", "text": "If we could create new operations and that mole didn't have access to those new operations, then the mole would"}, {"start": "00:30:38", "end": "00:30:44", "text": "start to stretch. They would start to make mistakes, ask questions they shouldn't ask, steal information, try to"}, {"start": "00:30:44", "end": "00:30:50", "text": "hack onto systems they shouldn't get onto. And that's all stuff that CIA can use to build a legal case to arrest that"}, {"start": "00:30:50", "end": "00:30:56", "text": "person. But without knowing, without having something that that person has to"}, {"start": "00:30:56", "end": "00:31:02", "text": "stretch to collect, they're not going to make a mistake. So our job was to create something new so that the mole would"}, {"start": "00:31:02", "end": "00:31:08", "text": "make a mistake that CIA could track and that would build a legal case that would allow CIA to arrest an American citizen"}, {"start": "00:31:08", "end": "00:31:14", "text": "for espionage. Did the CIA have access to the"}, {"start": "00:31:14", "end": "00:31:20", "text": "information the mole was sending back to the enemy country? No. That's one of the most dangerous"}, {"start": "00:31:20", "end": "00:31:26", "text": "parts about double agent operations. We often we have a lot of nicknames, a lot of inside terminology, but we usually"}, {"start": "00:31:26", "end": "00:31:32", "text": "call it the keys to the kingdom. When you have a foreign penetration, you have"}, {"start": "00:31:32", "end": "00:31:37", "text": "the keys to everything in that foreign country's um all of their secrets"}, {"start": "00:31:37", "end": "00:31:43", "text": "because you have access to an intelligence officer who can pull anything. So our double agent, our mole"}, {"start": "00:31:43", "end": "00:31:49", "text": "had access to essentially everything related to Falcon that CIA had. So CIA"}, {"start": "00:31:49", "end": "00:31:54", "text": "didn't know what he was sharing, what he wasn't sharing, how much he had been sharing, or even how long he had been"}, {"start": "00:31:54", "end": "00:32:00", "text": "sharing it. But they suspected he was sharing something because there was something that our"}, {"start": "00:32:00", "end": "00:32:05", "text": "ally picked up on, something that allowed them to identify the person and communicate it back."}, {"start": "00:32:05", "end": "00:32:11", "text": "So you land in this friendly country next to the enemy country. And do you"}, {"start": "00:32:11", "end": "00:32:17", "text": "have to adopt new aliases, new names, new new stories? Do you have to pretend that you're normal people living a"}, {"start": "00:32:17", "end": "00:32:24", "text": "normal life? You do. Um there's different ways that you can craft it. So um Ji's job as the"}, {"start": "00:32:24", "end": "00:32:31", "text": "targeter was to find our targets in Falcon. A big part of what we had to do when we got to Wolf, our friendly"}, {"start": "00:32:31", "end": "00:32:37", "text": "country, was do whatever the leadership there told us to do. So CIA crafted everything for us to land in the"}, {"start": "00:32:37", "end": "00:32:45", "text": "friendly country. Once we were in the friendly country, then we had to start crafting new identities, new aliases so"}, {"start": "00:32:45", "end": "00:32:51", "text": "that we could travel out of the friendly country and into Falcon into the enemy country. Mhm. But while living in Falcon, we"}, {"start": "00:32:51", "end": "00:32:57", "text": "were, you know, Ji and Andrew Bamante, newlywood couple where we worked was covered, you know."}, {"start": "00:32:57", "end": "00:33:04", "text": "Where did you It's undercover. We still can't disclose it. Yeah. Like as far as this enemy, did you like run a when you were in the enemy"}, {"start": "00:33:04", "end": "00:33:10", "text": "country working? Were you like running like a like a coffee shop or is it"}, {"start": "00:33:10", "end": "00:33:16", "text": "Yeah. When going into Falcon, there were different um you had to have a a different cover and a different cutout."}, {"start": "00:33:16", "end": "00:33:22", "text": "And we would use what's what you're referring to is called commercial cover or commercial activity, meaning we would"}, {"start": "00:33:22", "end": "00:33:27", "text": "act as if we were part of commercial business going into and out of the country. But you'd use your normal names."}, {"start": "00:33:27", "end": "00:33:32", "text": "No. No. We This is one of the other things that's really fascinating about the book and one of the reasons that CIA"}, {"start": "00:33:32", "end": "00:33:40", "text": "push back is we get to disclose whole new levels of tradecraftraft that have never been talked about in previous books. So the trade craft that we use"}, {"start": "00:33:40", "end": "00:33:46", "text": "here is is something that the Brits actually call um dry cleaning. And what"}, {"start": "00:33:46", "end": "00:33:51", "text": "that means is we would clear our path before we would go into Falcon. So we're"}, {"start": "00:33:51", "end": "00:33:58", "text": "in a friendly country and we need to go into a hostile country. In order to go from the friendly country to the hostile"}, {"start": "00:33:58", "end": "00:34:04", "text": "country, you can't go directly because if you go directly, the hostile country can track you back to your friendly"}, {"start": "00:34:04", "end": "00:34:10", "text": "country and then they can send a team to to hurt you if they need to in the friendly country. So instead, what you"}, {"start": "00:34:10", "end": "00:34:17", "text": "do is you create a cleansing route. So you travel from the friendly country to a neutral country and in that neutral"}, {"start": "00:34:17", "end": "00:34:22", "text": "country you'll change identities and then travel into your target country. So"}, {"start": "00:34:22", "end": "00:34:28", "text": "now if the hostile country tracks you, they track you back to a neutral country and they have no idea that you"}, {"start": "00:34:28", "end": "00:34:35", "text": "originated from a friendly country. But if you go from a friendly country to a neutral country when you get to the"}, {"start": "00:34:35", "end": "00:34:40", "text": "neutral country, do you need like a new passport and stuff? Because that neutral country presumably they don't know that"}, {"start": "00:34:40", "end": "00:34:46", "text": "you're spies. Correct. So do you have to have a new passport to then get on a plane to fly into the"}, {"start": "00:34:46", "end": "00:34:51", "text": "Yes. And it's what we would call a passport swap. And there's different ways of doing a swap. You can carry your own swap. You can have somebody meet you"}, {"start": "00:34:51", "end": "00:34:59", "text": "to do a swap. You can have a cache where you hide a swap. But that's the benefit of always using a consistent cleansing"}, {"start": "00:34:59", "end": "00:35:05", "text": "route because you can always go back to the same neutral country. And from the hostile country's point of view, every"}, {"start": "00:35:05", "end": "00:35:11", "text": "time they track you, you always go back to the same place. So they start to build a pattern of life, what we call a"}, {"start": "00:35:11", "end": "00:35:18", "text": "pattern of life, where they believe you're originating from this country when in fact you're not. So you you land"}, {"start": "00:35:18", "end": "00:35:24", "text": "in this friendly country. You're making your way into the hostile country. What was your objective? What were you trying"}, {"start": "00:35:24", "end": "00:35:30", "text": "to do in that hostile country? The first thing that we were trying to do was find targets."}, {"start": "00:35:30", "end": "00:35:37", "text": "And then we knew that as we found targets and built targets, we would also need to support the operations against"}, {"start": "00:35:37", "end": "00:35:43", "text": "those targets. And there's a logistical element to espionage where you need to have encrypted phones, you need to have"}, {"start": "00:35:43", "end": "00:35:49", "text": "satellite satellite phones or SIM cards, you need to have money, you need to have specialized gifts. Like there's there's"}, {"start": "00:35:49", "end": "00:35:54", "text": "a there's a logistical supply chain that needs to be built. Specialized gifts."}, {"start": "00:35:54", "end": "00:35:59", "text": "So, um, things that are appealing to a target that they may not be able to get"}, {"start": "00:35:59", "end": "00:36:05", "text": "themselves. gold bullion, high-end liquors, child pornography,"}, {"start": "00:36:05", "end": "00:36:10", "text": "foreign currency, whatever they need, your job is to make sure they have a way of getting it."}, {"start": "00:36:10", "end": "00:36:18", "text": "Child pornography, some some targets, especially in the in the world of drugs and uh and terrorism"}, {"start": "00:36:18", "end": "00:36:23", "text": "and weapons, they they feed off of the strangest things. Mhm."}, {"start": "00:36:23", "end": "00:36:29", "text": "So, the C CIA would supply that pornography in a way. um we would more like"}, {"start": "00:36:29", "end": "00:36:37", "text": "facilitate the transfer. Some other friendly country might actually be who acquires it. So for example, Germany"}, {"start": "00:36:37", "end": "00:36:44", "text": "might actually uh have a raid where they where they carry out a raid against a pornographer and they have terabytes of"}, {"start": "00:36:44", "end": "00:36:50", "text": "porn, right? And then the UK might have a case where they need porn to pay an"}, {"start": "00:36:50", "end": "00:36:56", "text": "Iranian. So now they can trade with BND so that BND can use this cache of porn"}, {"start": "00:36:56", "end": "00:37:04", "text": "and they can give it to the Brits who give it to the Iranians and that can be a currency of types."}, {"start": "00:37:04", "end": "00:37:11", "text": "Again, morally ambivalent, the goal is to protect your people at the end of the day, right? So when it comes down to it,"}, {"start": "00:37:11", "end": "00:37:20", "text": "that's the same way CIA works. If we're giving gold, if we're giving minted American gold coins to an evil person in"}, {"start": "00:37:20", "end": "00:37:26", "text": "North Korea, do we really care if it's keeping Americans safe? There are some people who would say yes. And there are"}, {"start": "00:37:26", "end": "00:37:32", "text": "other people who would say, \"Whatever the price is, let's keep Americans safe.\" So, tell me about what you did then. So,"}, {"start": "00:37:32", "end": "00:37:37", "text": "what was your what did you accomplish while you were there? And what was the you talk in the book about using"}, {"start": "00:37:37", "end": "00:37:44", "text": "terrorist tactics to build your operation there? Can you you run me through what is it what it is you"}, {"start": "00:37:44", "end": "00:37:51", "text": "accomplished there and the role that both of you played? So, I'll start it and I'll let you take it over. But the uh the the book's"}, {"start": "00:37:51", "end": "00:37:56", "text": "title, Shadow Cell, is really about the cell model and the terrorist cell model"}, {"start": "00:37:56", "end": "00:38:03", "text": "that we recreated in our friendly country so that we could execute operations against our hostile country"}, {"start": "00:38:03", "end": "00:38:09", "text": "that mirrored tactics and techniques that terrorists had used to foil Americans for the last 20 years in the"}, {"start": "00:38:09", "end": "00:38:15", "text": "global war on terror. So what Ji and I learned is that CIA was"}, {"start": "00:38:15", "end": "00:38:21", "text": "not very good at beating terrorists. America was not very good at beating terrorists. That's why after 20 years of"}, {"start": "00:38:21", "end": "00:38:28", "text": "fighting in Afghanistan, we left and we gave it back to the same terrorist group that we went in there to fight. We had"}, {"start": "00:38:28", "end": "00:38:33", "text": "learned a lot from fighting that adversary. But we were the only country in the world fighting the global war on"}, {"start": "00:38:33", "end": "00:38:39", "text": "terror. The Russians, the Iranians, the Chinese, the Cubans, the North Koreans, none of them engaged in the war on"}, {"start": "00:38:39", "end": "00:38:46", "text": "terror. So everything we had learned from al-Qaeda, we were the only ones that learned it. So we found that to be"}, {"start": "00:38:46", "end": "00:38:51", "text": "kind of a competitive advantage. So we started building our operations, modeling our operations off of the way"}, {"start": "00:38:51", "end": "00:38:58", "text": "the terrorists structured their cells. And we called our cell in Wolf the"}, {"start": "00:38:58", "end": "00:39:04", "text": "shadow cell. And we had to find the people, recruit the people, and train the people inside our cell, our actual"}, {"start": "00:39:04", "end": "00:39:09", "text": "CIA peers. We had to get them to learn how to run the same model. That's really"}, {"start": "00:39:09", "end": "00:39:15", "text": "what the book explains is how we built that and what those people did because"}, {"start": "00:39:15", "end": "00:39:21", "text": "espionage is not about one superhero overseas. It's about a team of people doing incredible things."}, {"start": "00:39:21", "end": "00:39:28", "text": "And were those people on the ground in the friendly country next to the hostile country? Yes. And so did you when you recruited these"}, {"start": "00:39:28", "end": "00:39:33", "text": "people to build this team, did you recruit them from America or were you recruiting them with inside that"}, {"start": "00:39:33", "end": "00:39:39", "text": "friendly country? Inside of Wolf. Everybody who was in the cell was already w working in wolf."}, {"start": "00:39:39", "end": "00:39:45", "text": "And the word cell basically means team. Team, right? Team. So you built this team in the friendly"}, {"start": "00:39:45", "end": "00:39:52", "text": "country next door to the enemy country. And this team consisted of how many people, right? So James was our senior most"}, {"start": "00:39:52", "end": "00:39:57", "text": "case officer. Tasha, Luke, and Beverly were our second tour case officer. So"}, {"start": "00:39:57", "end": "00:40:05", "text": "they were more junior. That's why they were hungry but but still kind of uh flexible. Whereas James was in James was"}, {"start": "00:40:05", "end": "00:40:11", "text": "at a place in his career where if this didn't work, his career would be tanked. And then Ji and I were not case"}, {"start": "00:40:11", "end": "00:40:18", "text": "officers. We were kind of the I was the the mission planner, if you will. And Jihi was the targeter. And then uh Diana"}, {"start": "00:40:18", "end": "00:40:24", "text": "was our linguist. Will was our tech support. And we had that was our that was our cell. That was our little group"}, {"start": "00:40:24", "end": "00:40:30", "text": "of people that would sit in the bullpen. Now, it's important to note that none of them and this was their primary"}, {"start": "00:40:30", "end": "00:40:37", "text": "mission. It was our primary mission for all of them. Helping us was just something they were doing because they"}, {"start": "00:40:37", "end": "00:40:42", "text": "believed that if we were successful, it would be good for them. They had primary missions to do all sorts of other"}, {"start": "00:40:42", "end": "00:40:48", "text": "things. Yeah. Oh, okay. And were these people locals?"}, {"start": "00:40:48", "end": "00:40:54", "text": "They're all Americans and they're all Americans assigned to Wolf. So, they're all American CIA officers, all sworn"}, {"start": "00:40:54", "end": "00:40:59", "text": "officers that are assigned to our friendly country in various different covers to do various different primary"}, {"start": "00:40:59", "end": "00:41:05", "text": "missions. Okay. And how did you guys like communicate? Did you like meet up for like dinner?"}, {"start": "00:41:05", "end": "00:41:10", "text": "Like what's the how does it work? Yeah, I mean all of our communication and hangouts were in the office because"}, {"start": "00:41:10", "end": "00:41:18", "text": "we couldn't really be seen outside together. We had connect us. We had what's known as a skiff, a specialized compartmented uh information"}, {"start": "00:41:18", "end": "00:41:25", "text": "facility. So it was a it was a hardened soundproof office that we could have"}, {"start": "00:41:25", "end": "00:41:30", "text": "meetings in. Couldn't the adversarial country like watch you walking in there in the morning? The adversarial country"}, {"start": "00:41:30", "end": "00:41:36", "text": "arguably didn't even know we were in Wolf because every time they tracked anybody's travel, it would take them to"}, {"start": "00:41:36", "end": "00:41:43", "text": "a different country. Oh, so you were just people going to an office? Yes. So you could be doing anything in there, correct? Yeah. And it's an office and a large"}, {"start": "00:41:43", "end": "00:41:48", "text": "office building, so we could really be going anywhere. Okay, fine. So it's hard to track."}, {"start": "00:41:48", "end": "00:41:53", "text": "So what was your what was your first mission together as a as a team? Like what were you what were you doing in the"}, {"start": "00:41:53", "end": "00:41:59", "text": "enemy country? What was your objective to you were finding you were working as a targeter to find interesting"}, {"start": "00:41:59", "end": "00:42:04", "text": "individuals and then Andrew you were predominantly trying to make contact with those individuals"}, {"start": "00:42:04", "end": "00:42:12", "text": "sort of my because I couldn't as the node of the of the cell the node is a"}, {"start": "00:42:12", "end": "00:42:18", "text": "term that we're using to say I was the piece that was exposed to CIA. So the mole if the mole went hunting the mole"}, {"start": "00:42:18", "end": "00:42:24", "text": "would find me I was the one that was exposed. Okay. So for me, it was important that I actually didn't meet with any of the"}, {"start": "00:42:24", "end": "00:42:31", "text": "targets that we had in Falcon. My job was to go to Falcon to start sourcing the information that she would use to"}, {"start": "00:42:31", "end": "00:42:36", "text": "identify those individuals. Like what does that mean? So uh whether it's something stupid like"}, {"start": "00:42:36", "end": "00:42:41", "text": "a phone book or a thumb drive, uh whether you're picking up a dead drop from somebody else. So consider in"}, {"start": "00:42:41", "end": "00:42:48", "text": "Falcon, we would have already had other case officers carrying out operations. Yeah. So we might have a case officer who was"}, {"start": "00:42:48", "end": "00:42:55", "text": "able to extract information from a military database and that military database has all the weapons engineers"}, {"start": "00:42:55", "end": "00:43:01", "text": "for Falcon's Air Force. That case officer spy that spy"}, {"start": "00:43:01", "end": "00:43:06", "text": "that spy can collect the thumb drive and then they can put that thumb drive in what's known as a dead drop. A dead"}, {"start": "00:43:06", "end": "00:43:13", "text": "drop would be something that you hide anywhere in the in the country, in a city, wherever else. Like in a bush. Yeah, like in a bush. I would then go"}, {"start": "00:43:13", "end": "00:43:18", "text": "into Falcon and I would go to that dead drop site, the bush. So you go into the enemy country, right?"}, {"start": "00:43:18", "end": "00:43:24", "text": "You'd go to the the bush and take the thumb drive and bring it back by our cleansing route to Wolf,"}, {"start": "00:43:24", "end": "00:43:29", "text": "where I could give it to Jihi. Ji could then extract the information from the thumb drive. And now she has a list of"}, {"start": "00:43:29", "end": "00:43:35", "text": "all the engineers who are part of the enemy country's air force. And then from"}, {"start": "00:43:35", "end": "00:43:41", "text": "there, she has a starting point for her information to start finding targets. Now, as she finds targets, that's when"}, {"start": "00:43:41", "end": "00:43:47", "text": "we tap on our case officers, James, Tasha, Luke, Beverly, and we say,"}, {"start": "00:43:47", "end": "00:43:53", "text": "\"Here's somebody that we think would be susceptible to you because you're a middle-aged woman, you're an older man,"}, {"start": "00:43:53", "end": "00:44:01", "text": "you're a younger man, you're a younger woman, right? We think that these people might be susceptible to your interests,"}, {"start": "00:44:01", "end": "00:44:07", "text": "your backgrounds, your voice, who knows what. And we need you to target them.\" And then we would send those those spies"}, {"start": "00:44:07", "end": "00:44:13", "text": "into Falcon to meet the targets that Jihi found. Okay. Okay. Got you."}, {"start": "00:44:13", "end": "00:44:19", "text": "The game of espionage is not an easy game. It's a fun game, but it's a it's a"}, {"start": "00:44:19", "end": "00:44:24", "text": "chess game, not a checkers game. So, there's a lot of moving pieces and a lot of moving parts. And um for me, it was"}, {"start": "00:44:24", "end": "00:44:30", "text": "always very exciting, but I also understand that it can be very difficult to to express it. Well,"}, {"start": "00:44:30", "end": "00:44:35", "text": "was there ever a time when you felt most at risk when you were in that hostile"}, {"start": "00:44:35", "end": "00:44:40", "text": "country? At some point it my presence in Falcon"}, {"start": "00:44:40", "end": "00:44:46", "text": "in the enemy country became known to the local government in the enemy country"}, {"start": "00:44:46", "end": "00:44:53", "text": "and they dispatched a surveillance team to track me. It was a major turning point in our operation. We kind of went"}, {"start": "00:44:53", "end": "00:44:58", "text": "from a place where we felt like we were winning to a place where we wondered if we were losing. We went from a place"}, {"start": "00:44:58", "end": "00:45:04", "text": "where I felt very safe to a place where I felt like I could immediately be apprehended. And then all the worst"}, {"start": "00:45:04", "end": "00:45:10", "text": "thoughts start to creep in. Not necessarily about being shot. Oftentimes a CIA officer being shot in a foreign"}, {"start": "00:45:10", "end": "00:45:17", "text": "country is a welcome experience because being shot at least means everything ends. The worst is being captured and"}, {"start": "00:45:17", "end": "00:45:24", "text": "being interrogated and being used for diplomatic leverage and being used for policy leverage and being being forced"}, {"start": "00:45:24", "end": "00:45:31", "text": "to do uh you know into brainwashing and propaganda videos. Like that's a much worse experience than than a clean"}, {"start": "00:45:31", "end": "00:45:36", "text": "death. You said earlier that it would have been the mole that was exposed to your presence and that knew that you were in"}, {"start": "00:45:36", "end": "00:45:42", "text": "this enemy country. So was it the mole that told the enemy country? That's what we believe. We don't have"}, {"start": "00:45:42", "end": "00:45:48", "text": "the evidence to prove it. Um, but what CIA's conclusion as well as the"}, {"start": "00:45:48", "end": "00:45:55", "text": "conclusion inside of our own shadow cell is that our operations had reached the place where they were significant enough"}, {"start": "00:45:55", "end": "00:46:01", "text": "that the mole took a risk to find out that I was the exposed member of the"}, {"start": "00:46:01", "end": "00:46:07", "text": "cell and then the mole reported my name to the hostile country's police force."}, {"start": "00:46:07", "end": "00:46:15", "text": "So, you're now inside that hostile country, that enemy country, and they know that you're a US spy. Was there a"}, {"start": "00:46:15", "end": "00:46:21", "text": "day when you realized that they knew that you were a spy? Yes. Well, there wasn't a day that I"}, {"start": "00:46:21", "end": "00:46:28", "text": "realized that they were that they knew I was CIA. There was a day that I realized they were surveilling me as if I was a"}, {"start": "00:46:28", "end": "00:46:34", "text": "threat. When you travel, when any business person travels to a hostile country, they're almost always"}, {"start": "00:46:34", "end": "00:46:40", "text": "surveiled. They're Hotel rooms can be rifled through. There's there's people called bumbling"}, {"start": "00:46:40", "end": "00:46:46", "text": "surveillance or watchers who will usually follow you. Um I'm not sure what your travel looks like, but I can almost"}, {"start": "00:46:46", "end": "00:46:51", "text": "assure you that if you traveled to Russia, if you've traveled to China, if you travel to Cuba, you had a watcher. You had a surveillance team"}, {"start": "00:46:51", "end": "00:46:56", "text": "really that was watching you. Me? Yeah. Why? Because you're wealthy, you're successful, you're an influencer, you're"}, {"start": "00:46:56", "end": "00:47:02", "text": "of significance. At the very least, they want to make sure that some petty criminal doesn't hurt you in their"}, {"start": "00:47:02", "end": "00:47:08", "text": "country cuz that could be a big deal. Thank you. But please continue to surveil me. But at worst, they could also be"}, {"start": "00:47:08", "end": "00:47:13", "text": "scraping your cell phone to pull all of your contacts off the cell phone so that they could then reach out to any of the contacts that you have on your cell"}, {"start": "00:47:13", "end": "00:47:19", "text": "phone. They could scan and duplicate your hard drive as you go through uh secondary or go through immigration in a"}, {"start": "00:47:19", "end": "00:47:25", "text": "foreign country. They can scan my hard drive as I go through immigration. Absolutely. We can do that here in the"}, {"start": "00:47:25", "end": "00:47:32", "text": "United States, too. Well, so if I land in the United States, they they How do they do how would they do that? So there's uh there's there's"}, {"start": "00:47:32", "end": "00:47:37", "text": "different authorities that exist for different agencies. So here inside the United States, one of the authorities"}, {"start": "00:47:37", "end": "00:47:44", "text": "that we give to our border patrol is the authority to essentially scrape data off of all of your electronic devices. So if"}, {"start": "00:47:44", "end": "00:47:50", "text": "you're deemed a target of interest and if you're moved into what's known as a secondary screening, they will separate"}, {"start": "00:47:50", "end": "00:47:58", "text": "you from your bags. They'll actually open your your bags. They might even tell you to unlock your cell phone or unlock your laptop. And then from there"}, {"start": "00:47:58", "end": "00:48:04", "text": "with with technology that's proprietary and technology that's also commercially available, they can scrape and scan your"}, {"start": "00:48:04", "end": "00:48:10", "text": "hard drive. Because I've been through security before in various countries and sometimes when I get to the other end,"}, {"start": "00:48:10", "end": "00:48:16", "text": "there's a letter in my suitcase and the letter in my suitcase says, \"Hey, we had to go through your bags for some reason.\""}, {"start": "00:48:16", "end": "00:48:22", "text": "If you had a technical if you had a technical device in your bag along with that letter, there's a good chance that"}, {"start": "00:48:22", "end": "00:48:28", "text": "it was cloned. But I didn't give them my password."}, {"start": "00:48:28", "end": "00:48:33", "text": "Sometimes they don't need your password. Really? Oh, yeah."}, {"start": "00:48:33", "end": "00:48:38", "text": "How are they going to get into my my laptop without my password? There's ways. So, yeah, there's password generators."}, {"start": "00:48:38", "end": "00:48:44", "text": "There's password cracking codes. Your password is the I mean, I have somebody I could call right now and within about"}, {"start": "00:48:44", "end": "00:48:51", "text": "30 minutes, we would probably have all of your passwords that you use for all of your devices in your personal home."}, {"start": "00:48:53", "end": "00:48:58", "text": "That's the end of the podcast. Can I quit the book?"}, {"start": "00:48:58", "end": "00:49:04", "text": "Pass me my phone. And this is a bit of a tangent, but it's"}, {"start": "00:49:04", "end": "00:49:10", "text": "an important one. So, what devices do you guys use? If you have that knowledge that it's really easy to break into devices, do you use the same devices"}, {"start": "00:49:10", "end": "00:49:16", "text": "that I use? Yeah, I mean, for me, I assume that once you if you become a target of interest,"}, {"start": "00:49:16", "end": "00:49:22", "text": "there's nothing you can do to protect yourself. So, I use devices that are actually easy to crack and clone because"}, {"start": "00:49:22", "end": "00:49:27", "text": "I don't want my device to get broken. So that when the Chinese or the Russians"}, {"start": "00:49:27", "end": "00:49:33", "text": "choose to go through some back door on my Android system, my Android doesn't shut down. Whereas there are more"}, {"start": "00:49:33", "end": "00:49:39", "text": "complex systems like a Glacier phone where if somebody penetrates your Glacier phone, this the whole phone will shut down and you'll be without a phone."}, {"start": "00:49:39", "end": "00:49:46", "text": "Is there any phone or device that's safe? I would argue the answer is no. No, I would say no. Awesome."}, {"start": "00:49:46", "end": "00:49:52", "text": "Because anything that you create that claims to be safe becomes priority number one for all the adversaries out"}, {"start": "00:49:52", "end": "00:49:59", "text": "there because they know if they can be the first ones to crack that phone or crack that hard drive or crack that operating system, then they have the"}, {"start": "00:49:59", "end": "00:50:05", "text": "competitive advantage over everybody else. Yeah. It's possible for something to be safe for a short period of time, but"}, {"start": "00:50:05", "end": "00:50:10", "text": "eventually it's going to get cracked. They'll find the back door. They'll figure out how to open it. And it's not just foreign intelligence"}, {"start": "00:50:10", "end": "00:50:16", "text": "that wants to do that. It's also all of your criminal syndicates. It's all of your dark web syndicates. Everybody wants to do it. So whenever I see"}, {"start": "00:50:16", "end": "00:50:22", "text": "anybody come out and promise that they got the new hardest device, I just I don't believe it. It might be"}, {"start": "00:50:22", "end": "00:50:29", "text": "hard, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. Yeah, there are levels of security, but nothing is 100% secure, at least when it"}, {"start": "00:50:29", "end": "00:50:34", "text": "comes to technology. And so we just assume that it's not secure. And so you"}, {"start": "00:50:34", "end": "00:50:41", "text": "just treat your device in that way, you know, with whatever liberal security is convenient and makes you feel secure."}, {"start": "00:50:41", "end": "00:50:47", "text": "But knowing that at any point somebody could just hack in from, you know, they could hack in remotely. They could,"}, {"start": "00:50:47", "end": "00:50:52", "text": "you know, scrape your drive when you're going through immigration or if you're in a hotel room, somebody comes in. I mean, it's always possible."}, {"start": "00:50:52", "end": "00:50:58", "text": "They can steal your encryption key from somebody else that you are having an encrypted chat with. They don't have to target you."}, {"start": "00:50:58", "end": "00:51:04", "text": "Do you use like cold storage? I.e., do you use like a a hard drive that's not connected to the internet or something? We will air gap."}, {"start": "00:51:04", "end": "00:51:10", "text": "Air gap. Air gapping is cold storage like what you're talking about where you take something off the actual cloud,"}, {"start": "00:51:10", "end": "00:51:15", "text": "take something off the internet and it just lives in a standalone server whether that's a we have drives that we"}, {"start": "00:51:15", "end": "00:51:21", "text": "save our information to that are that are airgapped. They're not connected to the internet, not connected to a cloud. They're only connected whenever we"}, {"start": "00:51:21", "end": "00:51:29", "text": "choose to transfer information. Um so we'll do things like that to keep our information safe. But the I think the most important thing is that if you if"}, {"start": "00:51:29", "end": "00:51:36", "text": "you show if you make yourself easy to be hacked, then you'll actually get hacked less"}, {"start": "00:51:36", "end": "00:51:42", "text": "because you're not a risk. They can see what you have. They understand that you're not important and they move on to"}, {"start": "00:51:42", "end": "00:51:47", "text": "the next target that's more more uh clandestine or trying to hide."}, {"start": "00:51:47", "end": "00:51:54", "text": "Okay. So, you you figure out going back to the story, you figure out that you're being surveiled. How? Just like the the"}, {"start": "00:51:54", "end": "00:51:59", "text": "whole idea of a cleansing route through a third country, that's a a piece of tradecraftraft that has never been"}, {"start": "00:51:59", "end": "00:52:05", "text": "exposed before. I actually get to teach a number of people. I get to teach in the story how we do what's known as a"}, {"start": "00:52:05", "end": "00:52:10", "text": "surveillance detection route. So the the core of surveillance detection is understanding something that we call"}, {"start": "00:52:10", "end": "00:52:17", "text": "multiple sites. Multiple sightings over a period of time. So I need to see the"}, {"start": "00:52:17", "end": "00:52:24", "text": "same person, the same vehicle, the same face, the same profile. profile meaning you know tall tall caucasian male"}, {"start": "00:52:24", "end": "00:52:31", "text": "mid-50s I need to see the same profile several times over a period of time where I'm changing locations."}, {"start": "00:52:31", "end": "00:52:38", "text": "So what happens inside shadow cell is I identify one car that follows me through"}, {"start": "00:52:38", "end": "00:52:44", "text": "multiple turns and then falls off only to come back on later on. That's kind of"}, {"start": "00:52:44", "end": "00:52:51", "text": "my first indicator that there might be something going on. So then I go through this route, a predetermined, pre-planned"}, {"start": "00:52:51", "end": "00:52:58", "text": "route through a city. And the only reason I'm doing that route is so that I can drag people along with me to see if"}, {"start": "00:52:58", "end": "00:53:03", "text": "they're going to behave like surveillance. And from that route, I find that it's not just one car, it's"}, {"start": "00:53:03", "end": "00:53:08", "text": "actually two other cars. And when I get out of my own vehicle to walk on foot,"}, {"start": "00:53:08", "end": "00:53:14", "text": "there are very specific people who then follow me on foot. And then in the third part of the surveillance detection"}, {"start": "00:53:14", "end": "00:53:19", "text": "route, I find that the same people who are following me on foot are also the people driving the cars that are"}, {"start": "00:53:19", "end": "00:53:26", "text": "following me inside vehicles. So most surveillance detection routes are executed in this very prescribed, very"}, {"start": "00:53:26", "end": "00:53:32", "text": "specific process so that you can see who's actually following you."}, {"start": "00:53:32", "end": "00:53:37", "text": "And you did that. You discover that there's multiple people following you in multiple vehicles."}, {"start": "00:53:37", "end": "00:53:43", "text": "And when you discover that, it's terrifying. Yeah, I was going to say it's absolutely terrifying, but it's"}, {"start": "00:53:43", "end": "00:53:51", "text": "comforting because you know they're following you, but they don't know that you know that yet. So, they still think"}, {"start": "00:53:51", "end": "00:53:57", "text": "that they are discreet. They still think that that you're operationally active. Meaning, they're following you because"}, {"start": "00:53:57", "end": "00:54:02", "text": "they expect you to commit espionage. They're following you because they expect you to meet with a source, do a"}, {"start": "00:54:02", "end": "00:54:09", "text": "dead drop, acquire some kind of equipment that you shouldn't have, right? They're waiting for that. If they"}, {"start": "00:54:09", "end": "00:54:14", "text": "don't see that, then they don't get the evidence that they need. They don't win. So, you go straight to a strip club or"}, {"start": "00:54:14", "end": "00:54:20", "text": "something. Exactly. Right. You go to a strip club, you go to a library, I went to an arcade in this book, and you go somewhere to"}, {"start": "00:54:20", "end": "00:54:26", "text": "just waste their time because as long as I'm collecting their information, when I come back to my friendly country and I"}, {"start": "00:54:26", "end": "00:54:32", "text": "meet with my shadow cell teammates, I can now tell them this license plate is a surveillance vehicle. This profile is"}, {"start": "00:54:32", "end": "00:54:38", "text": "a surveillance vehicle. If you see a woman or a man wearing these types of clothing, this is a surveillant, right?"}, {"start": "00:54:38", "end": "00:54:44", "text": "And we can ex and now we can build a database back in Wolf that shares the surveillance team members in Falcon."}, {"start": "00:54:44", "end": "00:54:50", "text": "Were you scared when you figured out that you were being followed? I was terrified. I was terrified because"}, {"start": "00:54:50", "end": "00:54:56", "text": "I had so many thoughts going through my head from how did I [ __ ] up to what if I"}, {"start": "00:54:56", "end": "00:55:02", "text": "don't go home. I'm trying to think about what they're going to do as their next step. How long are they going to follow me before they just say [ __ ] it and just"}, {"start": "00:55:02", "end": "00:55:09", "text": "wrap me up? Are they even going to wrap me up? Meaning meaning apprehend me, capture me? Do they already have evidence that"}, {"start": "00:55:09", "end": "00:55:15", "text": "shows that I'm committing espionage? Right? I haven't committed espionage on this trip yet, but have they seen me on"}, {"start": "00:55:15", "end": "00:55:21", "text": "a previous trip doing a dead drop, retrieving a dead drop, dropping a cell phone, taking a battery? Like, what what"}, {"start": "00:55:21", "end": "00:55:29", "text": "do they know? I don't know what they know. And then you've got all this panic and at the same time you have to recall"}, {"start": "00:55:29", "end": "00:55:34", "text": "three and a half hours of very specific activity across a city to run an SDR."}, {"start": "00:55:34", "end": "00:55:41", "text": "An SDR, a surveillance detection route. You have to recall I turn left on Front Street. I go two blocks. I turn right on 22nd"}, {"start": "00:55:41", "end": "00:55:47", "text": "North and then I turn left on an alley. You have to recall this thing that you memorize that you work through at the"}, {"start": "00:55:47", "end": "00:55:53", "text": "same time that you have this spike of adrenaline and panic. And you were on your own. I was on my own for that operation. So"}, {"start": "00:55:53", "end": "00:55:58", "text": "you you go through this route through the city that you is predetermined for you to go down and presumably this"}, {"start": "00:55:58", "end": "00:56:04", "text": "particular route is designed in such a way where it gives you opportunities to"}, {"start": "00:56:04", "end": "00:56:10", "text": "expose them. You realize that you are being followed. What do you do in that exact moment?"}, {"start": "00:56:10", "end": "00:56:18", "text": "That first moment that I realized it was true, I had this realization, this moment of"}, {"start": "00:56:18", "end": "00:56:23", "text": "fear and vulnerability"}, {"start": "00:56:23", "end": "00:56:29", "text": "where I just it was a very it was a moment of self-loathing where you just you realize that you're not as good as"}, {"start": "00:56:29", "end": "00:56:36", "text": "you think you are and you realize that however this happened, you're the only one to blame for what"}, {"start": "00:56:36", "end": "00:56:41", "text": "comes next. In that kind of moment of humility, I"}, {"start": "00:56:41", "end": "00:56:47", "text": "actually called Ji in our alias identities that we had built for these"}, {"start": "00:56:47", "end": "00:56:54", "text": "operations. We had what's known as a throwaway phone or a disposable telecommunications. And I called her and"}, {"start": "00:56:54", "end": "00:57:01", "text": "I gave her a coded message to let her know that something was wrong cuz I wanted her to"}, {"start": "00:57:01", "end": "00:57:07", "text": "know that something was wrong so that she could take it back to the cell so that they could start their systems on their end to protect me if I did get"}, {"start": "00:57:07", "end": "00:57:13", "text": "arrested, if I did get wrapped up, if I did get shot. You gave her a coded message via cell phone. What is that coded message?"}, {"start": "00:57:13", "end": "00:57:19", "text": "Um the I think I just called you and said I'm coming home early. You said you you called her and said I'm"}, {"start": "00:57:19", "end": "00:57:27", "text": "coming home early. Yeah. which is a bad sign because you would never come home early from an operation ever. So as soon as I heard he"}, {"start": "00:57:27", "end": "00:57:33", "text": "was coming home early, I knew that something was wrong. Take me into your world at that time. The phone rings."}, {"start": "00:57:33", "end": "00:57:39", "text": "I get the call from my burner phone and which was unusual anyways. I mean I always had it because that was part of"}, {"start": "00:57:39", "end": "00:57:44", "text": "our like communication plan was for us to do that when we were apart. So a burner phone is a secondary phone"}, {"start": "00:57:44", "end": "00:57:50", "text": "that you just use for these kind of things. Yeah. Just for this. It's never used for anything else. it's not connected to a"}, {"start": "00:57:50", "end": "00:57:56", "text": "name. Um, and that's what keeps it anonymous for us. And so he calls and he"}, {"start": "00:57:56", "end": "00:58:03", "text": "says, you know, hey, I'm coming home early. And I'm like, okay. Because you can't like if if the"}, {"start": "00:58:03", "end": "00:58:08", "text": "line's being tapped, you can't be like, oh my god, what's going on? Like, are you okay? Because somebody's listening"}, {"start": "00:58:08", "end": "00:58:14", "text": "to it. It has to sound like we knew that his alias had a fiance. I was the fiance. So, you know, it was totally"}, {"start": "00:58:14", "end": "00:58:20", "text": "natural for anybody listening in to to hear him say, \"Hey, I'm coming home early.\" So, then I had to be like, \"Oh,"}, {"start": "00:58:20", "end": "00:58:26", "text": "that's really exciting. That's great. You know, I can't wait to see you.\" And he's like, \"Okay, I love you.\" And then that's the end of the conversation. And"}, {"start": "00:58:26", "end": "00:58:31", "text": "that's all I get. And so, after that's all I get from Andy, I go back to the"}, {"start": "00:58:31", "end": "00:58:36", "text": "office. I'm starting to look like scour all of our cables. I go talk to James"}, {"start": "00:58:36", "end": "00:58:42", "text": "like, \"Have you heard anything? Like, is anything happening?\" You started to scour all of your cables."}, {"start": "00:58:42", "end": "00:58:48", "text": "Yeah. So, you know, we have our all of our databases, you know, all the CIA databases. So, you know, there's"}, {"start": "00:58:48", "end": "00:58:54", "text": "reporting that comes in all the time um that you're, you know, especially regional reporting that you're privy to."}, {"start": "00:58:54", "end": "00:59:00", "text": "And so, you know, I talked to James because he was he had more access than I did to things all things Falcon. And so,"}, {"start": "00:59:00", "end": "00:59:06", "text": "I was like, have you heard anything? Is there anything weird going on? And he said no. And so I started just kind of"}, {"start": "00:59:06", "end": "00:59:11", "text": "looking through all of my stuff to see, you know, was there any reporting that was of somebody being captured or"}, {"start": "00:59:11", "end": "00:59:18", "text": "somebody, you know, something going wrong and there was nothing. Um and so Andy and I have um we created on our own"}, {"start": "00:59:18", "end": "00:59:24", "text": "just a it's called a combo plan, a communication plan where you know if anything ever happens you know whether"}, {"start": "00:59:24", "end": "00:59:30", "text": "natural disaster or you know espionage faux like we had a system of"}, {"start": "00:59:30", "end": "00:59:36", "text": "communication where you know I wait 8 hours and you know check this fake email"}, {"start": "00:59:36", "end": "00:59:43", "text": "that we share that's not attributable and then he gives me a sign of life and then we have these timings 8 hours 12"}, {"start": "00:59:43", "end": "00:59:49", "text": "hours 24 hours, 48 hours where all I need from him is a sign of life to know"}, {"start": "00:59:49", "end": "00:59:55", "text": "that he's okay. And then that also gives us the opportunity if it were a natural disaster, for example, to put, you know,"}, {"start": "00:59:55", "end": "01:00:01", "text": "I meet me at this location. So that that's an email address that Andy emails. Yeah."}, {"start": "01:00:01", "end": "01:00:07", "text": "It's an email address that we both have a login to and you create a draft email inside of it."}, {"start": "01:00:07", "end": "01:00:13", "text": "Oh, okay. Also learned from terrorism. Also learned from terrorism. Okay. Oh, is that what terrorists do? Yeah. So they create a draft email, they just"}, {"start": "01:00:13", "end": "01:00:19", "text": "leave it there. Yeah. Someone else logs in and looks at it. Correct. Yeah. So there's it's never sent so it never goes over the internet. Really?"}, {"start": "01:00:19", "end": "01:00:25", "text": "Yeah. So we had this communication plan in place. So even though I was concerned and I couldn't find anything to discover"}, {"start": "01:00:25", "end": "01:00:31", "text": "what was happening, I knew we had this communication plan in place. So I knew that at some point he was going to give"}, {"start": "01:00:31", "end": "01:00:36", "text": "me a sign of life and I couldn't do anything until that point."}, {"start": "01:00:36", "end": "01:00:41", "text": "So you're you discover that you've been discovered by this adversarial country."}, {"start": "01:00:41", "end": "01:00:48", "text": "You call Jihi. You let her know that you're coming home early. Then what do you do? Then I have to plan my escape. So"}, {"start": "01:00:48", "end": "01:00:53", "text": "another thing that people that movies don't show you is that when the first"}, {"start": "01:00:53", "end": "01:01:00", "text": "effort to escape is always self-rescue. It's always on the part of the field officer alone to try to escape. There's"}, {"start": "01:01:00", "end": "01:01:06", "text": "no Navy Seal team. There's no evacuation helicopter. There's no high-speed boat"}, {"start": "01:01:06", "end": "01:01:12", "text": "or or classy yacht just waiting for you. you have to get yourself across the"}, {"start": "01:01:12", "end": "01:01:20", "text": "country's border yourself before you can hope for any kind of evac from there or what we call an Xfill. So, I knew that"}, {"start": "01:01:20", "end": "01:01:25", "text": "it was on me to come up with some evacuation plan. And I had to come up with an evacuation plan that wasn't"}, {"start": "01:01:25", "end": "01:01:31", "text": "going to let the surveillance team know that I knew I was under surveillance."}, {"start": "01:01:31", "end": "01:01:38", "text": "So, you're still in the car at this point? I'm I'm in between the car and on foot. uh depending on where I am in the"}, {"start": "01:01:38", "end": "01:01:44", "text": "surveillance detection route, right? It was surveillance detection routes generally break into three phases. It's"}, {"start": "01:01:44", "end": "01:01:49", "text": "in the first phase that you suspect that you're under surveillance. It's in the second phase that you confirm it. So,"}, {"start": "01:01:49", "end": "01:01:54", "text": "it's in the second phase when I confirm I am absolutely under surveillance. That's when I contact Ji and that's when"}, {"start": "01:01:54", "end": "01:02:01", "text": "I start coming up with my own self-rescue plan. And then the third phase, the third phase is a collection phase."}, {"start": "01:02:01", "end": "01:02:06", "text": "You know what? You know that you're under surveillance. you know that you've communicated to somebody that you're"}, {"start": "01:02:06", "end": "01:02:12", "text": "under surveillance and now the mission becomes collect as much information as you can about the surveillance team"}, {"start": "01:02:12", "end": "01:02:19", "text": "before they realize that they're being collected against. So you you see this car behind you, multiple cars behind you and the same"}, {"start": "01:02:19", "end": "01:02:26", "text": "people following you on foot. Are you writing this down or are you just trying to memorize it? At first it's all memory. Um and we have"}, {"start": "01:02:26", "end": "01:02:32", "text": "a methodology for trying to memorize this stuff. We actually talk about this in the book as well. you start to come up with short codes to describe the"}, {"start": "01:02:32", "end": "01:02:38", "text": "people. Um, and the codes that you come up with mean something to you, but they wouldn't mean anything if they were if"}, {"start": "01:02:38", "end": "01:02:43", "text": "they came out in an interrogation or if they came out in writing. So, like for you, I might call you black t-shirt. A"}, {"start": "01:02:43", "end": "01:02:49", "text": "black t-shirt means something to me. So, if I see black t-shirt behind me three times in the next 45 minutes in three"}, {"start": "01:02:49", "end": "01:02:54", "text": "different parts of the city, I know that I have an image for what black t-shirt means. But when I write down black"}, {"start": "01:02:54", "end": "01:03:00", "text": "t-shirt, nobody else knows what that means. When I see a woman, it was cold. uh the the season that I was carrying"}, {"start": "01:03:00", "end": "01:03:07", "text": "out these operations. Um I saw a woman in ear muffs, so I would call her ear muffs. I saw a guy in a bomber jacket,"}, {"start": "01:03:07", "end": "01:03:14", "text": "so I called him bomber jacket. And you just recall these people. You rec you you blue sedan, yellow SUV, right? White"}, {"start": "01:03:14", "end": "01:03:19", "text": "taxi cab. You you start to come up with these nicknames that mean something to you but don't mean anything to anybody"}, {"start": "01:03:19", "end": "01:03:26", "text": "else. And then when you get back to a place where you can document your notes in detail, you have a reference point to"}, {"start": "01:03:26", "end": "01:03:33", "text": "document in detail. So, I start by memorizing. When I got towards the end of my third phase of surveillance"}, {"start": "01:03:33", "end": "01:03:40", "text": "detection, I actually wrote down my notes. In the book, it explains I went into a like a clothing store and then I"}, {"start": "01:03:40", "end": "01:03:47", "text": "started making notes in the clothing store. Presumably, if somebody came in and arrested me at that moment, what they would see is a bunch of notes about"}, {"start": "01:03:47", "end": "01:03:52", "text": "clothing, ear muffs and black t-shirts inside of a clothing store. That's not espionage. But then when I was able to"}, {"start": "01:03:52", "end": "01:03:59", "text": "actually get back to uh to Wolf with myself, then I was able to deconstruct"}, {"start": "01:03:59", "end": "01:04:05", "text": "what black t-shirt meant. Black t-shirt meant uh black male with a goatee uh"}, {"start": "01:04:05", "end": "01:04:12", "text": "approximately 65 lbs, 5 foot, 11 in, 38 years old."}, {"start": "01:04:12", "end": "01:04:17", "text": "So, how did you get from phase two of your process of figuring out if you were"}, {"start": "01:04:17", "end": "01:04:23", "text": "being followed to the arcade? like what was the why did you get to the arcade? So, I went to the arcade because I was"}, {"start": "01:04:23", "end": "01:04:28", "text": "trying in a surveillance detection route, one of the things that you're actually trying to do is called bore or"}, {"start": "01:04:28", "end": "01:04:34", "text": "lull your surveillance. You never want to in movies, it makes it look like you're trying to to ditch your"}, {"start": "01:04:34", "end": "01:04:42", "text": "surveillance team. You're trying to lose your tail. That's not what professionals do. What professionals do is we drag the tail. We keep the tail with us for as"}, {"start": "01:04:42", "end": "01:04:49", "text": "long as possible. And one of the things you do is you make yourself very predictable. You move very slowly. You"}, {"start": "01:04:49", "end": "01:04:56", "text": "hang out in public places which makes it very easy for them to observe you. I was actually going to the arcade to try to"}, {"start": "01:04:56", "end": "01:05:01", "text": "collect more information about my surveillance team. But I was trying to give them time and space so they could"}, {"start": "01:05:01", "end": "01:05:07", "text": "observe me in a public setting. It it backfired because what actually ended up happening is that when I went into the"}, {"start": "01:05:07", "end": "01:05:12", "text": "arcade, they lost me. They lost sight of me, which put them into a position where"}, {"start": "01:05:12", "end": "01:05:19", "text": "they started panicking to try to find me even though I was just sitting inside the arcade."}, {"start": "01:05:19", "end": "01:05:25", "text": "I mean, it doesn't sound like it backfired if they lost you. That's a terrible thing when they lose you because when they lose you, they"}, {"start": "01:05:25", "end": "01:05:31", "text": "start to panic and they start to assume either they made a mistake or you're a trained officer. If you're a trained"}, {"start": "01:05:31", "end": "01:05:37", "text": "officer, if that's the conclusion that they make, they can come in and arrest you. If they lose you, then they start to make mistakes. And when a"}, {"start": "01:05:37", "end": "01:05:43", "text": "surveillance team starts to make mistakes, it means that they might stumble across you. They might have two"}, {"start": "01:05:43", "end": "01:05:49", "text": "different surveillance people find you at the same time. And for for them that's a scary thing because for them"}, {"start": "01:05:49", "end": "01:05:55", "text": "they're trying not to be identified. They're trying to be discreet. They're trying to not be seen. So when they in"}, {"start": "01:05:55", "end": "01:06:01", "text": "this case in in the story that that we share in Shadow Cell, when the surveillance team broke into a starburst, a starburst means they went"}, {"start": "01:06:01", "end": "01:06:08", "text": "they broke ranks to try to find me in the arcade. When they broke ranks to try to find me, they presented themselves to"}, {"start": "01:06:08", "end": "01:06:15", "text": "me in the arcade face to face. And it was in that moment that I realized they"}, {"start": "01:06:15", "end": "01:06:21", "text": "know that I see them and I know that they see me and this is bad."}, {"start": "01:06:21", "end": "01:06:26", "text": "You locked eyes with them, which you're never supposed to do. You're never supposed to do."}, {"start": "01:06:26", "end": "01:06:32", "text": "You're never supposed to lock eyes with your surveillance. You're never supposed to lock eyes with anybody who's a threat"}, {"start": "01:06:32", "end": "01:06:38", "text": "ever because that's threatening behavior, right? That's one of the reasons that people share strong eye"}, {"start": "01:06:38", "end": "01:06:44", "text": "contact with peers is to it's a show of trust. Well, whenever you're locking eyes with somebody who's a threat, it's"}, {"start": "01:06:44", "end": "01:06:49", "text": "a it's a sign of aggression or dominance. So, whenever you're being surveiled, you never want to make eye"}, {"start": "01:06:49", "end": "01:06:56", "text": "contact with your surveillance team because your surveillance team will see that eye contact as a threat. When you say you sort of bumped into"}, {"start": "01:06:56", "end": "01:07:03", "text": "them in that arcade, what's the distance? 3T. 3T. And And how long did you lock eyes"}, {"start": "01:07:03", "end": "01:07:09", "text": "with each other? It felt like an eternity. In reality, it was probably two and a half seconds."}, {"start": "01:07:09", "end": "01:07:14", "text": "I mean, two and a half seconds is a long time, especially when you're trying not to be seen. So, recreate that moment for me. You're"}, {"start": "01:07:14", "end": "01:07:19", "text": "in the arcade pretending you're playing with games. You turn a corner. It's horrible, man. It's a horrible It's"}, {"start": "01:07:19", "end": "01:07:26", "text": "a horrible story. I'm I'm in the arcade. I I'm I again, I think I'm doing everything right. I'm like, \"Oh, I'm in"}, {"start": "01:07:26", "end": "01:07:32", "text": "the arcade. They watched me come in. This gives They're probably taking a smoke break outside. They've got nothing to worry about.\" And I'm kind of going"}, {"start": "01:07:32", "end": "01:07:39", "text": "from game to game and spending whatever credits that I bought in the arcade. And I go to this dinosaur hunting shooting"}, {"start": "01:07:39", "end": "01:07:47", "text": "game, right? Almost like Big Buck Hunter or like Jurassic Park. And I pick up a rifle and I'm shooting at dinosaurs and"}, {"start": "01:07:47", "end": "01:07:55", "text": "I'm just killing time. And then the [ __ ] surveillant comes around the back of the machine looking for me. He"}, {"start": "01:07:55", "end": "01:08:01", "text": "comes around the back of the machine and he sees me and I'm holding a [ __ ] gun and I look at him and he looks at me and"}, {"start": "01:08:01", "end": "01:08:07", "text": "that's that's when our two and a half seconds happen. And I'm sitting there and I'm like, what just happened? Why is"}, {"start": "01:08:07", "end": "01:08:12", "text": "why did I just see Bomber Jacket come around my video game console and stare"}, {"start": "01:08:12", "end": "01:08:17", "text": "at me in the face. And that's when I kind of realized, oh my gosh, like the team is in panic. I can see multiple"}, {"start": "01:08:17", "end": "01:08:23", "text": "people in the team. They lost me. They're trying to find me. Bomberjacket just found me. What did Bomberjacket do"}, {"start": "01:08:23", "end": "01:08:29", "text": "when he looked at you? His jaw dropped. He went slack. Like he looked at me and he knew that he had"}, {"start": "01:08:29", "end": "01:08:36", "text": "[ __ ] up too. And I looked at him and in my mind's eye, I was just hoping that I didn't look as stupid as he looked."}, {"start": "01:08:36", "end": "01:08:41", "text": "In that moment, is is it true to say that you should have just looked back at the dinosaur game as fast as you"}, {"start": "01:08:41", "end": "01:08:46", "text": "possibly could? What I should have done is I should have seen a person come around the corner and just kind of stayed in the game. That's"}, {"start": "01:08:46", "end": "01:08:53", "text": "what anybody else would have done. Anybody else would have just stayed in the game. They're focused on the game. They don't even realize there are people walking around, right? But the fact that"}, {"start": "01:08:53", "end": "01:09:00", "text": "I identified I saw him and then looked at him and the fact that he saw me and looked at me as two professionals on"}, {"start": "01:09:00", "end": "01:09:07", "text": "opposite sides of the of the playing field, we both made the same mistake. We both made the mistake of showing our"}, {"start": "01:09:07", "end": "01:09:14", "text": "recognition to our intended target. And before we continue, you as far as"}, {"start": "01:09:14", "end": "01:09:20", "text": "your alias was in that country, you were called Alex Hernandez, right? Correct. Correct. And you were running a business called Acme Commercial."}, {"start": "01:09:20", "end": "01:09:26", "text": "Correct. What was Acme Commercial supposed to be doing as a company? Acme Commercial was a company that was"}, {"start": "01:09:26", "end": "01:09:35", "text": "built to source new disposable goods from foreign countries for uh for uh"}, {"start": "01:09:35", "end": "01:09:42", "text": "transport and distribution across Western countries. And the intelligence services build a"}, {"start": "01:09:42", "end": "01:09:48", "text": "lot of fake businesses. You said yes. It's a It's the easier it is to build a business, the easier it is to"}, {"start": "01:09:48", "end": "01:09:55", "text": "collect information. So, what we've discovered is that just as anybody with $127 in their pocket can create an LLC,"}, {"start": "01:09:55", "end": "01:10:00", "text": "that's about how much money it takes to start an intelligence operation. It says that um the CIA operates"}, {"start": "01:10:00", "end": "01:10:06", "text": "numerous fake companies. The CIA also operates numerous real companies, too."}, {"start": "01:10:06", "end": "01:10:12", "text": "Not just the CIA. I mean, every intel organization has commercial fronts."}, {"start": "01:10:12", "end": "01:10:17", "text": "every Intel organization. The CIA operates real companies. What does that mean?"}, {"start": "01:10:17", "end": "01:10:24", "text": "There there are real companies out there owned and operated by CIA. Inel is one of those companies. It's a investment"}, {"start": "01:10:24", "end": "01:10:29", "text": "vehicle where CIA invests money and invests in new technology and all the"}, {"start": "01:10:29", "end": "01:10:35", "text": "technology that goes through InQel knows that it's going through CIA. Okay. That that's a that's that's public"}, {"start": "01:10:35", "end": "01:10:40", "text": "though, right? Correct. But the the ones that aren't public. So the CIO will create a company"}, {"start": "01:10:40", "end": "01:10:46", "text": "and then they will use that company to pretend to be doing something in a foreign foreign land basically."}, {"start": "01:10:46", "end": "01:10:52", "text": "But the primary mission is intelligence. This is one of the most fascinating things not only about CIA but about all of your first world intelligence"}, {"start": "01:10:52", "end": "01:11:00", "text": "organizations. You've heard of what's known as the black budget. The black budget is the budget of of um"}, {"start": "01:11:00", "end": "01:11:07", "text": "discretionary money that can be spent on military and intelligence operations that isn't tied to the taxpayer. So,"}, {"start": "01:11:07", "end": "01:11:14", "text": "it's a giant pot of money that isn't tied to tax money. So, where does that money come from? Part of that money"}, {"start": "01:11:14", "end": "01:11:19", "text": "comes from anytime law enforcement or intelligence agencies seize assets."}, {"start": "01:11:19", "end": "01:11:27", "text": "We seize cryptocurrency. We seize drugs. We seize child pornography. Right? When we seize that money and we use it for"}, {"start": "01:11:27", "end": "01:11:33", "text": "other operations, that's part of the black budget. The other part of the black budget is when an intelligence organization creates a business and that"}, {"start": "01:11:33", "end": "01:11:39", "text": "business turns a profit. When that business turns a profit, where does the profit go? It can't go to the case"}, {"start": "01:11:39", "end": "01:11:44", "text": "officer, that person's being paid on the US payroll. So all that profit goes into the black budget."}, {"start": "01:11:44", "end": "01:11:49", "text": "Do you think the CIA has some big profitable businesses that are set up as fronts that just like went really really"}, {"start": "01:11:49", "end": "01:11:54", "text": "well? I know it does. Really? I know it does. The the CIA has businesses that it's set up that have"}, {"start": "01:11:54", "end": "01:12:00", "text": "gone wildly profitable. CIA also has officers that built these businesses"}, {"start": "01:12:00", "end": "01:12:06", "text": "that then were like, why the [ __ ] am I at CIA and then they leave CIA and they go on to run businesses instead."}, {"start": "01:12:06", "end": "01:12:13", "text": "I mean, a a couple of things popped into my head as you said that. The first was there's obviously a huge conversation at the moment around Tik Tok because Tik"}, {"start": "01:12:13", "end": "01:12:18", "text": "Tok was started in China. become this massive global success and I can't think"}, {"start": "01:12:18", "end": "01:12:24", "text": "of a better company to have started than a platform like Tik Tok where everybody's putting their information"}, {"start": "01:12:24", "end": "01:12:29", "text": "and data in and it's tracking your location. So what is your perspective on something like Tik Tok? Do you think Tik"}, {"start": "01:12:29", "end": "01:12:36", "text": "Tok's was started as a tool to spy? I don't believe Tik Tok individually was"}, {"start": "01:12:36", "end": "01:12:42", "text": "started as a tool to spy. I believe that what happened is Tik Tok became wildly popular and the government in China"}, {"start": "01:12:42", "end": "01:12:48", "text": "realized, hey, everything in China belongs to the government anyways. We can step in and take advantage of this."}, {"start": "01:12:48", "end": "01:12:54", "text": "That is also a way that CIA and MI6 do business as well. When a company does very well and there's an intelligence"}, {"start": "01:12:54", "end": "01:13:00", "text": "benefit, they will approach the company. In a democracy, they can't force the company to cooperate, but in a country"}, {"start": "01:13:00", "end": "01:13:06", "text": "like China, they can. So, do you think the social networks, a lot of the big social networks have been approached by"}, {"start": "01:13:06", "end": "01:13:11", "text": "the CIA or the MI6 and asked to give"}, {"start": "01:13:11", "end": "01:13:18", "text": "information to them? I would go a step further and say that they've all been approached and that the vast majority of them cooperate."}, {"start": "01:13:18", "end": "01:13:24", "text": "Is that a concern for the average person? Not for the for the average person that's a benefit. The average person is not being"}, {"start": "01:13:24", "end": "01:13:29", "text": "targeted. I promise you like there's zero interest and for the federal"}, {"start": "01:13:29", "end": "01:13:35", "text": "government and for the intelligence community, there's absolutely zero interest in the average person,"}, {"start": "01:13:35", "end": "01:13:41", "text": "the person who's cheating on their spouse or avoiding $5,000 in taxes or who isn't paying their parking bills."}, {"start": "01:13:41", "end": "01:13:48", "text": "Nobody cares. The federal government doesn't care about that. Well, you were doing some of that targeting, right? Right. So, did you ever work with any existing"}, {"start": "01:13:48", "end": "01:13:54", "text": "company to give you information? So all of my data depending on what country I"}, {"start": "01:13:54", "end": "01:13:59", "text": "was working on had different sources and some some countries had more sources"}, {"start": "01:13:59", "end": "01:14:06", "text": "than others but they're all sources I can't disclose but there's tons and tons of data that would come in to me and"}, {"start": "01:14:06", "end": "01:14:13", "text": "then I had I worked on a number of cases where I had to get FISA requests. What's a FISA request? advisor request"}, {"start": "01:14:13", "end": "01:14:18", "text": "is when you want to um collect information or take information from"}, {"start": "01:14:18", "end": "01:14:24", "text": "somebody who is an American citizen. And I just want to remind people that American citizen, most people who"}, {"start": "01:14:24", "end": "01:14:30", "text": "complain about, oh, they're targeting American citizens are thinking about themselves. They're looking at themselves in the mirror and thinking,"}, {"start": "01:14:30", "end": "01:14:37", "text": "oh, they're targeting American citizens. They're not thinking about the Chinese person who just came over or naturalized. They're not thinking about"}, {"start": "01:14:37", "end": "01:14:42", "text": "the, you know, Iranian who's been here for a long time and naturalized, right? like all of those they're not thinking"}, {"start": "01:14:42", "end": "01:14:49", "text": "about, you know, the the al-Qaeda member who claimed to be a refugee to get here to get some sort of"}, {"start": "01:14:49", "end": "01:14:55", "text": "green card, right? So, American citizenship, a lot of people have that and some of those"}, {"start": "01:14:55", "end": "01:15:01", "text": "people are doing bad things and some of those people are our adversaries who have infiltrated the United States and"}, {"start": "01:15:01", "end": "01:15:08", "text": "are here to gather intelligence to get to the our adversaries, you know, or are here to do bad things within the"}, {"start": "01:15:08", "end": "01:15:14", "text": "country. And so we have to get FISA requests to get the data on them. And what does that mean in in reality? A"}, {"start": "01:15:14", "end": "01:15:20", "text": "FISA request, does that mean that you can go into their phone? It means that you have proven a link"}, {"start": "01:15:20", "end": "01:15:26", "text": "from that person to something bad and you've given you've given the court enough evidence to say, hey, look, this"}, {"start": "01:15:26", "end": "01:15:32", "text": "person's doing something bad and we need to gather more data on them. So it just opens the kind of data that you can get"}, {"start": "01:15:32", "end": "01:15:38", "text": "on that person. What kind of data is that? Hey, you can get on their phone. You can get into their computer. You can get into their"}, {"start": "01:15:38", "end": "01:15:45", "text": "private Google accounts. You can get their private Apple accounts. You can kind of data you can get access to. You can now use it to target them."}, {"start": "01:15:45", "end": "01:15:51", "text": "So, you could get access to their private Google accounts, their private Apple accounts without their passwords."}, {"start": "01:15:51", "end": "01:15:57", "text": "You would hack their passwords or steal their passwords or Google retains their passwords"}, {"start": "01:15:57", "end": "01:16:03", "text": "and Google would give it you the password. it for many many for most cases if it comes down to national"}, {"start": "01:16:03", "end": "01:16:09", "text": "security American companies will share details and that's what a FISA request does is"}, {"start": "01:16:09", "end": "01:16:15", "text": "it's a judicial claim it's a judicial warrant essentially to say you will let this service onto that person's account"}, {"start": "01:16:15", "end": "01:16:21", "text": "you you guys must think that people like me live in a certain state of uh naivity"}, {"start": "01:16:21", "end": "01:16:26", "text": "and ignorance as to what's actually going on I wouldn't say it's ignorance or naivity"}, {"start": "01:16:26", "end": "01:16:32", "text": "I would say that it's it's conditioned into You're conditioned to believe that you have privacy."}, {"start": "01:16:32", "end": "01:16:37", "text": "So the reality that we should realize is that we we don't have privacy. It's not real."}, {"start": "01:16:37", "end": "01:16:43", "text": "Privacy is not real. No. I mean, you know, there's a level like"}, {"start": "01:16:43", "end": "01:16:48", "text": "in your when you get undressed in a dark room like that's yours."}, {"start": "01:16:48", "end": "01:16:56", "text": "Usually no one's watching. There's a good chance that you're not being watched by the federal government. If you're getting"}, {"start": "01:16:56", "end": "01:17:02", "text": "that's a good chance, you know, if you're sending, you know,"}, {"start": "01:17:02", "end": "01:17:07", "text": "dirty emails to your girlfriend, that's essentially, I mean, it's private on the"}, {"start": "01:17:07", "end": "01:17:13", "text": "surface, but not really forever private. Somebody could access those. If you write her"}, {"start": "01:17:13", "end": "01:17:18", "text": "dirty notes, that's way more private, especially if she throws away or burns"}, {"start": "01:17:18", "end": "01:17:23", "text": "them. Like people just I think people take put too much confidence in"}, {"start": "01:17:23", "end": "01:17:29", "text": "technology and feel too confident in the privacy of technology because technology there's really nothing private about it"}, {"start": "01:17:29", "end": "01:17:36", "text": "to an extent. Yes. But if you think that nobody can ever look at your stuff, that's wrong. Do you think the CIA knew you were"}, {"start": "01:17:36", "end": "01:17:42", "text": "coming here today? I think the CIA knew we were coming on Diary of a CEO and I think they knew"}, {"start": "01:17:42", "end": "01:17:47", "text": "that we were going to talk to you about our book. How do you think they knew that? because we know that CIA as well as other"}, {"start": "01:17:47", "end": "01:17:53", "text": "intelligence services, as an example, the United Arab Emirates, we know that they have a dedicated person that sits"}, {"start": "01:17:53", "end": "01:17:59", "text": "in their office that watches us. So, how would they know you were coming here today? Our emails, I mean, our emails, our"}, {"start": "01:17:59", "end": "01:18:06", "text": "publishers emails, um, our own text messages back and forth, listening in on phone calls, any number"}, {"start": "01:18:06", "end": "01:18:12", "text": "of things could have happened. Uh, like we've tried to have a very collaborative relationship with CIA about this book"}, {"start": "01:18:12", "end": "01:18:19", "text": "because we know how scared they are. We know how nervous this book makes them. So, we're trying to be extra"}, {"start": "01:18:19", "end": "01:18:26", "text": "collaborative to to give them peace of mind like, \"Hey, we're not about to go out there and tell the world that you're a bunch of animals and and terrible"}, {"start": "01:18:26", "end": "01:18:31", "text": "anything.\" Um, they've actually read the book multiple times and and still they're they're afraid that we're going"}, {"start": "01:18:31", "end": "01:18:36", "text": "to somehow like make them look bad because so many other officers have come out to become"}, {"start": "01:18:36", "end": "01:18:42", "text": "authors who who make CIA look bad. There was a couple of other things that"}, {"start": "01:18:42", "end": "01:18:50", "text": "we are going to get back to the arcade and what happened next, but there's a couple of the things that sprung to mind when you talked about how people can make real businesses, fake businesses,"}, {"start": "01:18:50", "end": "01:18:55", "text": "have various different covers. The the next one was you mentioned Edward Snowden earlier and in mentioning Edward"}, {"start": "01:18:55", "end": "01:19:03", "text": "Snowden, you used him as an example of someone who returns to the country that they were working for the whole time."}, {"start": "01:19:03", "end": "01:19:09", "text": "So with Snowden in the Snowden case in in specific, right, whenever somebody flees"}, {"start": "01:19:09", "end": "01:19:15", "text": "their own home country, yeah, nobody gives them protection for free."}, {"start": "01:19:15", "end": "01:19:20", "text": "Even in the United States, we don't give anybody protection for free. You have to earn it. You have to share some sort of"}, {"start": "01:19:20", "end": "01:19:26", "text": "currency and that currency may not be cash dollars. That currency might be information."}, {"start": "01:19:26", "end": "01:19:32", "text": "So when Snowden leaked to the Guardian the operations at NSA that were"}, {"start": "01:19:32", "end": "01:19:39", "text": "collecting against American citizens, the same American citizens that Gihei was just talking about, right? Nobody cares about Joe Bob. Everybody cares"}, {"start": "01:19:39", "end": "01:19:45", "text": "about, you know, the person who's pretending to be an American citizen, but is in fact a terrorist threat. When"}, {"start": "01:19:45", "end": "01:19:50", "text": "Snowden made his escape, his when he fleed the United States, he was"}, {"start": "01:19:50", "end": "01:19:57", "text": "essentially trading classified information, not just the the details of the NSA case that he whistleblow, but"}, {"start": "01:19:57", "end": "01:20:03", "text": "other confidential information that he collected specifically as currency to help him basically pay his way through"}, {"start": "01:20:03", "end": "01:20:08", "text": "Hong Kong and into China or into uh into Russia. And so he lives in Russia now."}, {"start": "01:20:08", "end": "01:20:15", "text": "He's a Russian citizen. I'm pretty sure he's also received a Russian award for heroism. And you think he gave secrets"}, {"start": "01:20:15", "end": "01:20:21", "text": "to Russia about the United States to to get that? I can almost guarantee you. Yeah. What he gave, I don't know. But Russia wouldn't"}, {"start": "01:20:21", "end": "01:20:29", "text": "give him that status unless he had given them something in return. And the other one who sprung to mind as"}, {"start": "01:20:29", "end": "01:20:36", "text": "real business, fake, you know, real business becomes successful is the"}, {"start": "01:20:36", "end": "01:20:42", "text": "man on everyone's lips at the moment, Jeffrey Epstein. M so Epste's a fascinating case because"}, {"start": "01:20:42", "end": "01:20:48", "text": "Epstein fits all of the primary pillars of a foreign intelligence asset"}, {"start": "01:20:48", "end": "01:20:54", "text": "collecting information on American citizens, not an American spy"}, {"start": "01:20:54", "end": "01:21:00", "text": "working for someone else. It's funny because people keep thinking like CIA killed him or people keep thinking that he somehow worked for CIA or maybe even"}, {"start": "01:21:00", "end": "01:21:07", "text": "worked for for MSAD. What I see is the opposite that he if anything was working"}, {"start": "01:21:07", "end": "01:21:13", "text": "independently maybe even working for several company or several countries but collecting information on US people."}, {"start": "01:21:13", "end": "01:21:19", "text": "Is that what you believe? I think that he could have been that. I don't know that I necessarily believe"}, {"start": "01:21:19", "end": "01:21:24", "text": "that it's true cuz he was a very successful business person. He had lots of um successful"}, {"start": "01:21:24", "end": "01:21:30", "text": "friends. Actually, I was interviewing someone the other day and they said that they met Jeffrey Epstein and Jeffrey"}, {"start": "01:21:30", "end": "01:21:36", "text": "Epstein was really really interested in their physics and science discoveries"}, {"start": "01:21:36", "end": "01:21:44", "text": "and wasn't interested at all in the finance year stuff that he was pretending to or he was purporting to be"}, {"start": "01:21:44", "end": "01:21:50", "text": "involved in. And um this person said to me it was just really bizarre because he was only interested in the the physics"}, {"start": "01:21:50", "end": "01:21:56", "text": "and science discoveries we had at Harvard. he wasn't particularly interested in finance to me and that person was was like really shocked by"}, {"start": "01:21:56", "end": "01:22:02", "text": "that. What I've learned working with wealthy people and successful people is that they're often very intelligent and"}, {"start": "01:22:02", "end": "01:22:07", "text": "they're often misunderstood and part of the reason that they have grown as successful as they have grown is because"}, {"start": "01:22:07", "end": "01:22:13", "text": "they don't really fit in anywhere else. If they would have fit in somewhere else, they would have been distracted by the area where they fit in. Instead,"}, {"start": "01:22:13", "end": "01:22:18", "text": "they had to carve their own interests, their own passions, their own their own drive. In many ways, when I look at"}, {"start": "01:22:18", "end": "01:22:24", "text": "Epstein, that's that's what I see. I've also worked with many wealthy people who have gone to jail. And when wealthy"}, {"start": "01:22:24", "end": "01:22:29", "text": "people go to jail, their whole identity crumbles and they start to doubt"}, {"start": "01:22:29", "end": "01:22:36", "text": "themselves and they start to have these irrational thoughts that sound totally rational to them. I had a client who was"}, {"start": "01:22:36", "end": "01:22:42", "text": "very wealthy, who was going to jail after being found guilty of a crime that that arguably couldn't be proven, but"}, {"start": "01:22:42", "end": "01:22:49", "text": "the court system was set up in such a way that he was found guilty. And he literally thought that it would be better if he if he cut off all ties to"}, {"start": "01:22:49", "end": "01:22:55", "text": "his kids and just went to jail and then even when he got out of jail never talked to his kids again because that"}, {"start": "01:22:55", "end": "01:23:00", "text": "would be better than shaming his children for the rest of their life. Yeah. With a father who went to jail. So"}, {"start": "01:23:00", "end": "01:23:05", "text": "there's when I think about the Epstein case and I think about a wealthy powerful man who was having parties with"}, {"start": "01:23:05", "end": "01:23:14", "text": "the world's elite and then he goes to jail and he kills himself. To me that's not an unbelievable series of events."}, {"start": "01:23:14", "end": "01:23:20", "text": "the whole thing with the island and the underage sex and all this stuff, you know, people just can't seem to shake"}, {"start": "01:23:20", "end": "01:23:27", "text": "the idea that he wasn't extracting information. And then the fact that they won't release the flight logs"}, {"start": "01:23:27", "end": "01:23:33", "text": "or a list of the names of people that were frequenting his island or interacting with him also raises another"}, {"start": "01:23:33", "end": "01:23:40", "text": "question mark about why wouldn't the US government release that? Why isn't Trump very quick to release that information?"}, {"start": "01:23:40", "end": "01:23:45", "text": "There are lots of secrets that are kept for lots of reasons. And when we talk about like if there's anything that"}, {"start": "01:23:45", "end": "01:23:52", "text": "we've learned need to know the the need part is the driving part."}, {"start": "01:23:52", "end": "01:23:57", "text": "What is the need to know? There's plenty of secrets the government has that it tells the American people it doesn't"}, {"start": "01:23:57", "end": "01:24:03", "text": "know. It's just lying. Of course it knows. But it's working the common good"}, {"start": "01:24:03", "end": "01:24:09", "text": "to say if you knew what we knew. It could cause panic. It could cause chaos."}, {"start": "01:24:09", "end": "01:24:14", "text": "It could cause any number of things. And in the United States, that is one of the rights and privileges that the federal"}, {"start": "01:24:14", "end": "01:24:20", "text": "government has. So, what do you both think happened with the Jeffrey Epstein situation because it smells fishy to everybody? The fact"}, {"start": "01:24:20", "end": "01:24:25", "text": "that, you know, Trump and Cash Patel and various other White House officials were saying we're going to release it the"}, {"start": "01:24:25", "end": "01:24:31", "text": "minute we get in there and then they get in there and they say there's nothing to release."}, {"start": "01:24:31", "end": "01:24:37", "text": "You you must cuz you understand this much more than I would. you must see like fingerprints of what you think is"}, {"start": "01:24:37", "end": "01:24:44", "text": "actually going on there or the real reasons they wouldn't release it. When I look at it through a lens of probabilities,"}, {"start": "01:24:44", "end": "01:24:50", "text": "the most probable outcome is that somebody in the prison"}, {"start": "01:24:50", "end": "01:24:56", "text": "was hired to hurt Jeffrey Epstein. That's the most probable outcome that somebody outside was watching the"}, {"start": "01:24:56", "end": "01:25:04", "text": "Epstein case and knew that Epstein may or may not have compromising information on them and that wealthy well-connected"}, {"start": "01:25:04", "end": "01:25:10", "text": "person paid to have a hit inside the prison. That's just the to me that's the most probable result of things"}, {"start": "01:25:10", "end": "01:25:15", "text": "happening. That explains the missing evidence. That explains the videotapes. That explains the stories inside of"}, {"start": "01:25:15", "end": "01:25:22", "text": "prison where nobody can see what's going on. Also, that's the most vulnerable place for Epstein to have been"}, {"start": "01:25:22", "end": "01:25:28", "text": "neutralized. That's how we would have run an operation. But why why wouldn't the government release that? Why wouldn't they say a"}, {"start": "01:25:28", "end": "01:25:34", "text": "prisoner killed killed him? The government may not know that cuz if a if a prisoner was paid to do it, they"}, {"start": "01:25:34", "end": "01:25:39", "text": "may have covered their tracks well enough. Or they may have paid a prisoner and the guards to also cover the thing"}, {"start": "01:25:39", "end": "01:25:46", "text": "up. Jail's a nasty place. People forget how nasty a place jail is. And jails are commercial. They're not federal for the"}, {"start": "01:25:46", "end": "01:25:53", "text": "most part. So, it's a commercial business that has all sorts of plausible deniability that a federal business or a"}, {"start": "01:25:53", "end": "01:25:59", "text": "federal organization, federal building doesn't have. So that's to me that's the most probable series of events. There's"}, {"start": "01:25:59", "end": "01:26:06", "text": "still a chance that any number of the other conspiracies are true. But when I think of what what I've seen, what my"}, {"start": "01:26:06", "end": "01:26:12", "text": "clients have seen, what what I would do if I was in the shoes of a foreign"}, {"start": "01:26:12", "end": "01:26:19", "text": "adversary or a foreign intelligence collection operation dealing with a Jeffrey Epstein type of situation, that's how we would clean it up. There"}, {"start": "01:26:19", "end": "01:26:25", "text": "was a a press conference the other day where the reporters asked the Trump administration, \"Does the Department of Justice have any indication that Jeffrey"}, {"start": "01:26:25", "end": "01:26:31", "text": "Epstein was working with the US or a foreign intelligence agency or was he a"}, {"start": "01:26:31", "end": "01:26:37", "text": "spy of some kind?\" And Pam Bondi um who works in the Trump administration said"}, {"start": "01:26:37", "end": "01:26:42", "text": "to him being an agent, \"I have no knowledge about that. We can get back to you on that.\""}, {"start": "01:26:42", "end": "01:26:49", "text": "Two really important things here. If they did have information on that in an active investigation, she would say, \"I"}, {"start": "01:26:49", "end": "01:26:54", "text": "have no knowledge on that.\" She would lie to the American public. That's what that's what you have to do if you're"}, {"start": "01:26:54", "end": "01:26:59", "text": "trying to build a current case. Because if they acknowledge, we act we have some reason to believe that he might have"}, {"start": "01:26:59", "end": "01:27:06", "text": "been an agent. Now, all of a sudden, everybody else out there would start destroying evidence and start hiding evidence and start and start making the"}, {"start": "01:27:06", "end": "01:27:12", "text": "case much more difficult. So, if they knew, they would say they don't know. Do you think he was an agent?"}, {"start": "01:27:12", "end": "01:27:18", "text": "I think he could have been. I think he fits the model of a very good reporting asset, but I don't have enough evidence"}, {"start": "01:27:18", "end": "01:27:23", "text": "to say that he was actually one. Do you think he was? I mean,"}, {"start": "01:27:23", "end": "01:27:30", "text": "I think even if he I don't know that it matters is what I think. Like even if he was, that doesn't mean that it's"}, {"start": "01:27:30", "end": "01:27:37", "text": "connected because he was a lot of things. So I I think I think people are focused on"}, {"start": "01:27:37", "end": "01:27:42", "text": "it because it's interesting. Yeah. because it would be interesting if he was and it would be interesting if there"}, {"start": "01:27:42", "end": "01:27:49", "text": "was this conspiracy. I think that's why people are focused on it, but I don't know that it really matters because in the grand scheme of things,"}, {"start": "01:27:49", "end": "01:27:56", "text": "I mean, it could be a lot of things that led, you know, why are we talking about a dead guy who's not reporting?"}, {"start": "01:27:56", "end": "01:28:04", "text": "I think it's just the allure, right? People want answers. Once the curiosity gap's open, people need to fill it with something. Correct. When when what the intelligence"}, {"start": "01:28:04", "end": "01:28:09", "text": "community believes is that in any given moment, there are two penetrations of every intelligence service."}, {"start": "01:28:09", "end": "01:28:16", "text": "So, why are we talking about the dead guy that we don't know about when we're not talking about the dozens of arrests"}, {"start": "01:28:16", "end": "01:28:22", "text": "and cases that are made every year of active moles, active penetrations that are inside of our intelligence"}, {"start": "01:28:22", "end": "01:28:29", "text": "community? Every single one of you watching this right now has something to offer, whether it's knowledge or skills or experience. And that means you have"}, {"start": "01:28:29", "end": "01:28:35", "text": "value. Stands, the platform I co-own, who are one of the sponsors of this podcast, turns your knowledge into a"}, {"start": "01:28:35", "end": "01:28:41", "text": "business through one single click. You can sell digital products, coaching, communities, and you don't need any"}, {"start": "01:28:41", "end": "01:28:48", "text": "coding experience either. Just the drive to start. This is a business I really believe in. And already $300 million has"}, {"start": "01:28:48", "end": "01:28:55", "text": "been earned by creators, coaches, and entrepreneurs just like you have the potential to be on Stanto. These are people who didn't wait, who heard me"}, {"start": "01:28:55", "end": "01:29:00", "text": "saying things like this, and instead of procrastinating, started building, then launched something, and now they're"}, {"start": "01:29:00", "end": "01:29:06", "text": "getting paid to do it. Stan is incredibly simple and incredibly easy, and you can link it with a Shopify store that you're already using if you want"}, {"start": "01:29:06", "end": "01:29:11", "text": "to. I'm on it and so is my girlfriend and many of my team. So, if you want to join, start by launching your own"}, {"start": "01:29:11", "end": "01:29:19", "text": "business with a free 30-day trial. Visit stephvenbartlet.stan.store and get yours set up within minutes."}, {"start": "01:29:19", "end": "01:29:24", "text": "So, take me back to the arcade. You you lock eyes with this guy, the guy wearing the uh what was he wearing?"}, {"start": "01:29:24", "end": "01:29:32", "text": "Bomber jacket. The bomber jacket. What happens next? Once I realized that we had both made the same mistake, he darted off in one"}, {"start": "01:29:32", "end": "01:29:38", "text": "direction and I felt burned. Burned is the term that we use whenever we are"}, {"start": "01:29:38", "end": "01:29:44", "text": "spotted identified as trained intelligence officers. Um, but I didn't want to act on being burned right away"}, {"start": "01:29:44", "end": "01:29:49", "text": "because our training says that just just because you believe something to be true, you can't act on that truth. If"}, {"start": "01:29:49", "end": "01:29:55", "text": "you act on that truth, then you're verifying to anybody observing that you already know you screwed up. So, I kind"}, {"start": "01:29:55", "end": "01:30:02", "text": "of ambled around the arcade and played another couple of games kind of half-handed, half-hearted just to kill"}, {"start": "01:30:02", "end": "01:30:09", "text": "some time before I left and finished my SDR route and finished my collection and went back to my back to my hotel for the"}, {"start": "01:30:09", "end": "01:30:14", "text": "night. The whole process that I go through during the surveillance detection route, the whole process that"}, {"start": "01:30:14", "end": "01:30:20", "text": "I go through to evacuate the country safely is all part of the details that we put inside Shadow Cell. But the"}, {"start": "01:30:20", "end": "01:30:26", "text": "feeling that predominated that that dominated my thought process was just"}, {"start": "01:30:26", "end": "01:30:33", "text": "this feeling of failure. This feeling like I was I was a bad spy. I'm bad at what I"}, {"start": "01:30:33", "end": "01:30:40", "text": "do, bad at what I collect. When I think I'm good, I'm not good. It was just this humiliating and humbling experience. And"}, {"start": "01:30:40", "end": "01:30:45", "text": "it wasn't helped as I went through the process of writing the book because as"}, {"start": "01:30:45", "end": "01:30:52", "text": "when you write a book, it's cathartic in a way because it gets all this stuff out. But it's also this black and white"}, {"start": "01:30:52", "end": "01:30:59", "text": "kind of stark reminder of all the things that you've done wrong. What did you do wrong?"}, {"start": "01:30:59", "end": "01:31:07", "text": "Whatever I did that got caught was wrong. If they caught me on my own behaviors, if the mole was the one that"}, {"start": "01:31:07", "end": "01:31:13", "text": "identified me to them, then I lost the ability to operate inside a falcon on"}, {"start": "01:31:13", "end": "01:31:18", "text": "that day. I could no longer support the rest of the shadow cell. I could no longer support my team. I had a a role"}, {"start": "01:31:18", "end": "01:31:24", "text": "to play and I couldn't play that role anymore. And I think that's especially powerful to me"}, {"start": "01:31:24", "end": "01:31:29", "text": "because I mean, I'm not a case officer. I was"}, {"start": "01:31:29", "end": "01:31:35", "text": "supposed to be a case officer, but I'm not because when CIA assessed me for"}, {"start": "01:31:35", "end": "01:31:41", "text": "that job, they determined that I wouldn't be good enough. Okay. So, you already had an insecurity there."}, {"start": "01:31:41", "end": "01:31:46", "text": "And that was the first year at CIA. So, even though I built this career and I had a chance to carry out this"}, {"start": "01:31:46", "end": "01:31:51", "text": "operation, I got to do these amazing things. All that plays out in the back of my head is I wasn't good enough then,"}, {"start": "01:31:51", "end": "01:31:57", "text": "I'm not good enough now. One of the things that the CIA does is they teach you how to deal with head trash. Mhm."}, {"start": "01:31:57", "end": "01:32:03", "text": "What is head trash? It's funny actually. So head trash is all the terrible things that you say"}, {"start": "01:32:03", "end": "01:32:09", "text": "about yourself in your head. That's the the colloquial term that we use is head trash. I'm not good enough. I'm ugly."}, {"start": "01:32:09", "end": "01:32:14", "text": "I'm fat. I wish my smile was better. Um, you know, my I lost my true love when I"}, {"start": "01:32:14", "end": "01:32:20", "text": "was 14. Whatever, right? My my parents didn't love me because I wasn't a good enough kid. Whatever it was, all those"}, {"start": "01:32:20", "end": "01:32:27", "text": "things are head trash. They're they're subjective thoughts that you have because of your"}, {"start": "01:32:27", "end": "01:32:34", "text": "experience that don't have any basis in objective reality. CIA teaches us how to deal with that to a point. They teach us"}, {"start": "01:32:34", "end": "01:32:40", "text": "how to counter that when we are operationally active so that we don't get distracted by the head trash going"}, {"start": "01:32:40", "end": "01:32:46", "text": "on. This is what happened whenever I first knew I was under surveillance. They teach you how to handle stress,"}, {"start": "01:32:46", "end": "01:32:52", "text": "mitigate uh um cortisol levels in your bloodstream, lower your heart rate so that you can get back to the task at"}, {"start": "01:32:52", "end": "01:32:58", "text": "hand. How do they do that? Techniques like box breathing. What's that? Uh box breathing is a process that"}, {"start": "01:32:58", "end": "01:33:05", "text": "that's common in anxiety as well. Yeah. Breathe in four counts, hold four counts, breathe out four counts, breathe in for, you know, just uh it's breathing"}, {"start": "01:33:05", "end": "01:33:12", "text": "various breathing techniques where you breathe in for a certain amount of time, you hold it for a certain amount of time, you release it for a certain amount of time. And and the goal there"}, {"start": "01:33:12", "end": "01:33:17", "text": "is to reduce your heart rate, to reduce your blood flow, to reduce the speed at which the cortisol that's being released"}, {"start": "01:33:17", "end": "01:33:24", "text": "from your brain gets spread to the rest of your body. So you can start to take back your physiological"}, {"start": "01:33:24", "end": "01:33:30", "text": "movements and actions in a hope that it also brings back your cognitive functions and capabilities. So the"}, {"start": "01:33:30", "end": "01:33:36", "text": "visualization process, just like when you're meditating and you visualize a victory if you're a professional athlete or if you visualize a beach if you're"}, {"start": "01:33:36", "end": "01:33:42", "text": "stressing out at work, like you can visualize your way through an operation, an operational sequence to get yourself"}, {"start": "01:33:42", "end": "01:33:51", "text": "back to a place where you're in control. So they teach us how to deal with that head trash. But what's really interesting is CIA relies on loyalty in"}, {"start": "01:33:51", "end": "01:33:57", "text": "its people to keep them at CIA. Because the worst thing for CIA is for a CIA"}, {"start": "01:33:57", "end": "01:34:04", "text": "officer to realize how capable they actually are. Because when that officer realizes how smart, how capable, how"}, {"start": "01:34:04", "end": "01:34:09", "text": "resilient, how resourceful they really are, that person can leave CIA and go do"}, {"start": "01:34:09", "end": "01:34:17", "text": "amazing things. So a big part of what CIA does is they they train you to be operationally useful, but then they"}, {"start": "01:34:17", "end": "01:34:23", "text": "still condition you to be like loyal and needy of outside validation specifically"}, {"start": "01:34:23", "end": "01:34:29", "text": "from them. So it's a very strange flywheel that exists. A lot of businesses are like that as"}, {"start": "01:34:29", "end": "01:34:36", "text": "well. It's not a healthy relationship, but it's a very effective relationship. So you get back to your hotel. Are you"}, {"start": "01:34:36", "end": "01:34:41", "text": "not at that point when you're back at your hotel thinking, \"Right, I'm gonna find like how to get through like the restaurant kitchen door and like out the"}, {"start": "01:34:41", "end": "01:34:46", "text": "back and I'll cycle back to because I'd be up all night thinking about going through that bloody like"}, {"start": "01:34:46", "end": "01:34:51", "text": "restaurant kitchen.\" A big part of that is what you do in the second phase of your SDR. And I had those thoughts. I"}, {"start": "01:34:51", "end": "01:34:58", "text": "thought about I could get on a motorcycle. I could ride to a local airfield. I could pay in cash for that airfield person like a little private"}, {"start": "01:34:58", "end": "01:35:04", "text": "pilot to just fly me on a puddle hopper puddle jumper somewhere where I walk across on foot and then I can make a"}, {"start": "01:35:04", "end": "01:35:10", "text": "phone call from another place. Like I thought about all that all that [ __ ] right? The problem is if you actually"}, {"start": "01:35:10", "end": "01:35:15", "text": "act on that and you're being watched, what sense does that make? The only"}, {"start": "01:35:15", "end": "01:35:23", "text": "person who would do that kind of crazy [ __ ] is somebody who's trying to escape the country. So what did you do? I went back to the hotel. My plan was to"}, {"start": "01:35:23", "end": "01:35:31", "text": "was to literally just leave. Was to walk across the border like any other law-abiding citizen and just evacuate."}, {"start": "01:35:31", "end": "01:35:37", "text": "Walk across the border. fly to to leave like anybody else would leave and just"}, {"start": "01:35:37", "end": "01:35:44", "text": "gamble that they're not going to take me down, right? The gamble that I'm going"}, {"start": "01:35:44", "end": "01:35:52", "text": "to be more boring than they will be confident and that before they arrest Alex Hernandez and make some sort of"}, {"start": "01:35:52", "end": "01:35:58", "text": "public international incident, they're going to think twice and they're going to let me just leave."}, {"start": "01:35:58", "end": "01:36:04", "text": "What actually happened? So, what actually happened is um I get back to the hotel. I don't really sleep"}, {"start": "01:36:04", "end": "01:36:10", "text": "at all. I try to use sleep techniques to get me to sleep because I am certain that at any given time someone's going"}, {"start": "01:36:10", "end": "01:36:16", "text": "to burst through the door and just take me down because they already know I'm changing my flight. They already know"}, {"start": "01:36:16", "end": "01:36:21", "text": "I'm I'm updating my itinerary. I've made all the phone calls. I've worked it through my company, right, my cover"}, {"start": "01:36:21", "end": "01:36:26", "text": "company to get me home early. So, I'm just waiting for them to break in."}, {"start": "01:36:26", "end": "01:36:32", "text": "They never break in. I go to the airport the next day and uh on the path to the airport, I'm looking for surveillance"}, {"start": "01:36:32", "end": "01:36:37", "text": "and I'm surveillance free. And I get to the airport first thing in the morning and I'm waiting and like every step I'm"}, {"start": "01:36:37", "end": "01:36:44", "text": "waiting for someone to jump out of the dark shadows and take me down and drag me off to prison. And it just doesn't"}, {"start": "01:36:44", "end": "01:36:50", "text": "happen until I get to the first entry point for the airport. I show my"}, {"start": "01:36:50", "end": "01:36:56", "text": "passport, I show my ticket, and then they move me into secondary. secondary meaning where you try to leave a country"}, {"start": "01:36:56", "end": "01:37:02", "text": "and the border patrol says that you're not you can't leave through the main gate. You have to go through a second"}, {"start": "01:37:02", "end": "01:37:09", "text": "round of interview. So they pull me off into a secondary room and I go through a light interrogation with two local"}, {"start": "01:37:09", "end": "01:37:16", "text": "Falcon officers at like 7:00 in the morning first first flight out and and"}, {"start": "01:37:16", "end": "01:37:21", "text": "they're testing my story and they're interrogating me to understand what have I been doing in the country? Why did I"}, {"start": "01:37:21", "end": "01:37:29", "text": "change my flight? They're going through my my cover story. They're going through my my uh meetings from the day before."}, {"start": "01:37:29", "end": "01:37:34", "text": "They're going through everything two and three times, which is an it's an interrogation technique to see if somebody's lying. And I'm sitting there"}, {"start": "01:37:34", "end": "01:37:43", "text": "going through this whole process, watching what almost feels like like two untrained Border Patrol agents"}, {"start": "01:37:43", "end": "01:37:49", "text": "trying to crack me. And it's uh it was a funny feeling because they were so bad"}, {"start": "01:37:49", "end": "01:37:54", "text": "at their job that it made me feel confident in myself again. Are you trained on how to deal with"}, {"start": "01:37:54", "end": "01:38:01", "text": "those situations in terms of body language and how you speak and Absolutely. CIA trains us on how to deal"}, {"start": "01:38:01", "end": "01:38:08", "text": "with uh interviews, how to deal with interrogations, and even how to deal with uh actual um capture and and"}, {"start": "01:38:08", "end": "01:38:14", "text": "strategic almost like enhanced interrogation like what you would call what we do call torture here in the"}, {"start": "01:38:14", "end": "01:38:19", "text": "United States. And so from your training, what were you implementing at that moment in time? Mirroring is a big piece of what you're"}, {"start": "01:38:19", "end": "01:38:26", "text": "supposed to do in an interrogation. So, so you want to you want to reflect back to the interrogator what they expect to"}, {"start": "01:38:26", "end": "01:38:34", "text": "see in a person of innocence. So you try to keep your you keep yourself from jittering. You you calm your nerves. You"}, {"start": "01:38:34", "end": "01:38:41", "text": "try to match their curiosity. So if they lean forward, you actually want to lean forward, too. And if they lean back, you"}, {"start": "01:38:41", "end": "01:38:48", "text": "want to lean back. And if they're using their hands to talk, you want to use your hands to talk because you want to show them that you and them are the"}, {"start": "01:38:48", "end": "01:38:53", "text": "same, that you're not better or worse or guilty or anything else. So mirroring is one of the techniques that we're using."}, {"start": "01:38:53", "end": "01:38:59", "text": "We also I also used minimum information. There's a process called elicitation,"}, {"start": "01:38:59", "end": "01:39:05", "text": "and you use different elicitation techniques to get individuals to share more information than they're supposed to share. One of those elicitation"}, {"start": "01:39:05", "end": "01:39:11", "text": "techniques is silence. So often times if you want someone to speak, all you have to do is sit there and be quiet because"}, {"start": "01:39:11", "end": "01:39:16", "text": "it will force them to talk. This is something that many interviewers use, especially when they're border patrol"}, {"start": "01:39:16", "end": "01:39:22", "text": "agents or when they're like law enforcement or local law enforcement. They'll just let somebody kind of admit"}, {"start": "01:39:22", "end": "01:39:27", "text": "their guilt. So for me, they ask a question, I answer their question, and then we sit there in silence for as long"}, {"start": "01:39:27", "end": "01:39:32", "text": "as we need to sit there until they ask their next question. And then we sit there and and I answer their question, we sit there in silence again. And"}, {"start": "01:39:32", "end": "01:39:39", "text": "that's combating elicitation. It's a technique that we call counter elicitation. And that's just one of several elicitation techniques that"}, {"start": "01:39:39", "end": "01:39:44", "text": "interviewers can use. And that's useful in everyday life, I guess, as well. Absolutely. In what context?"}, {"start": "01:39:44", "end": "01:39:49", "text": "When you're dealing with a negotiation, when you're dealing with a hostile employee, when you're dealing with a"}, {"start": "01:39:49", "end": "01:39:55", "text": "hard conversation, when you're trying to find information in a in another person who you think is holding information"}, {"start": "01:39:55", "end": "01:40:00", "text": "back, elicitation techniques are incredibly valuable. You can ask them a question. You can ask them the same"}, {"start": "01:40:00", "end": "01:40:07", "text": "question twice. that'll help you identify whether or not they're lying, if there's a gap in their two answers or if they answer two different ways. And I"}, {"start": "01:40:07", "end": "01:40:13", "text": "mean, I'm sure you've seen it as a you you one of the things that makes you such an effective host in your own house"}, {"start": "01:40:13", "end": "01:40:19", "text": "here is that you use elicitation techniques all the time. You ask feeling"}, {"start": "01:40:19", "end": "01:40:25", "text": "based questions. How did you feel about this situation? Uh, take me back to that moment. How would if you could if you"}, {"start": "01:40:25", "end": "01:40:31", "text": "could be king for a day, what would you do? Right? These are all very advanced elicitation techniques because it gets"}, {"start": "01:40:31", "end": "01:40:36", "text": "people to express more than they thought they would share. So you're in you're in that room in that"}, {"start": "01:40:36", "end": "01:40:42", "text": "airport. These two very poorly trained guards are trying to get something out of you. They don't get it out of you."}, {"start": "01:40:42", "end": "01:40:48", "text": "Correct. So at some point they just let you go. Correct. So what ends up happening is they they're arguing with each other and"}, {"start": "01:40:48", "end": "01:40:56", "text": "I don't know why they're arguing. It seems like uh from the from the pigeon words that I can pick up, one of them is"}, {"start": "01:40:56", "end": "01:41:02", "text": "talking about being busy and not having enough time and this doesn't make sense and the other person's talking about"}, {"start": "01:41:02", "end": "01:41:08", "text": "we have to do this, this is required, etc., etc. I don't actually know what they're saying to each other, but I see"}, {"start": "01:41:08", "end": "01:41:16", "text": "that they're aggression with each other just keeps going up almost like two colleagues who are fighting, right? But"}, {"start": "01:41:16", "end": "01:41:23", "text": "at the end of the day, they couldn't hold me without either releasing me back to my plane or moving me into a place"}, {"start": "01:41:23", "end": "01:41:29", "text": "where they were going to retain me long term. So when faced with that kind of decision, they released me back to my"}, {"start": "01:41:29", "end": "01:41:34", "text": "plane. And then the biggest stress that I had was not running to my plane"}, {"start": "01:41:34", "end": "01:41:41", "text": "because as soon as they let me out of the secondary interview, all I wanted to do was like haul ass to my plane, get on"}, {"start": "01:41:41", "end": "01:41:46", "text": "my plane, and feel safe. But I had to continue to show that I was not a"}, {"start": "01:41:46", "end": "01:41:52", "text": "trained officer. And at this point, Ji, are you how are you feeling back in the friendly"}, {"start": "01:41:52", "end": "01:41:59", "text": "country? So, at this point, I still have no idea what's happening. Um I by the time I"}, {"start": "01:41:59", "end": "01:42:04", "text": "hear from him, he is in the the cutout country on his way back. So, I know he's"}, {"start": "01:42:04", "end": "01:42:09", "text": "left me a voicemail and I know he's out of Falcon, the enemy country, which is"}, {"start": "01:42:09", "end": "01:42:16", "text": "great, but I know he's in that third country. So, I'm like, \"Okay, he should be on his way home.\" But until then, I mean, all of this that he was going"}, {"start": "01:42:16", "end": "01:42:21", "text": "through, I didn't find out until he actually returned home. And then I hear this story and I'm like, \"What the"}, {"start": "01:42:21", "end": "01:42:27", "text": "hell?\" Like, like this is absolutely like our worst nightmare, like what we"}, {"start": "01:42:27", "end": "01:42:34", "text": "did not want to happen. And so immediately we are like, you know, we go into action like first it's like I'm so"}, {"start": "01:42:34", "end": "01:42:40", "text": "happy you're home. And then the next thing is how did this happen? and we just start taking action into, you know,"}, {"start": "01:42:40", "end": "01:42:47", "text": "investigating like, did we do something wrong? Like, is there any any mistake that we could have made and we have to"}, {"start": "01:42:47", "end": "01:42:54", "text": "research and go back through all of our own stuff? And, you know, and then we have to make the assessment of can Andy ever go back in, you know, was this"}, {"start": "01:42:54", "end": "01:43:01", "text": "really what we think it was or, you know, is he safe to like is his alias safe, you know, and then we have to"}, {"start": "01:43:01", "end": "01:43:06", "text": "And what was your assessment? Did you think he could go back in? No, it was too risky. Yeah. We we assess"}, {"start": "01:43:06", "end": "01:43:13", "text": "that Alex Hernandez was burned. Was burned. Yeah. And we assume Alex Hernandez being your undercover spy"}, {"start": "01:43:13", "end": "01:43:19", "text": "name. Correct. The alias the the operating alias that we used. Uh and we assume that the cutout"}, {"start": "01:43:19", "end": "01:43:25", "text": "country, the third country that Alex was traveling through. So anytime Falcon wanted to track Alex, they would track"}, {"start": "01:43:25", "end": "01:43:30", "text": "him back to that third country. Alex would even use the Falcon airline to fly"}, {"start": "01:43:30", "end": "01:43:37", "text": "back and forth between the third country and Falcon specifically so that if Falcon intelligence ever suspected Alex,"}, {"start": "01:43:37", "end": "01:43:44", "text": "they would feel that much more comfortable knowing that they had flight manifests on him going back to a third country. So, we just assumed from our"}, {"start": "01:43:44", "end": "01:43:50", "text": "study that Alex was fully burned that that the mole had come across either Alex's operational history or the mole"}, {"start": "01:43:50", "end": "01:43:56", "text": "had come across my true name operational history and tied me to Alex. Whichever one it was, Alex was burned. But we also"}, {"start": "01:43:56", "end": "01:44:02", "text": "assessed that everybody else who had been traveling to Falcon through the cell was still safe."}, {"start": "01:44:02", "end": "01:44:08", "text": "Mhm. So you assessed that your shadow cell, which was your team in the friendly country, were all fine."}, {"start": "01:44:08", "end": "01:44:14", "text": "Yeah. But Alex Hernandez, which was your alias, was could no longer be used. Correct. That and that was how the cell"}, {"start": "01:44:14", "end": "01:44:20", "text": "was built. The cell was built where Alex Hernandez was the trip wire where the first person who be compromised would be"}, {"start": "01:44:20", "end": "01:44:28", "text": "Alex and that would be the forewarning to everybody else so they could start to turn up their operational security."}, {"start": "01:44:28", "end": "01:44:33", "text": "So does that mean it's it's game over for you? For me in Falcon it's game over. I can I"}, {"start": "01:44:33", "end": "01:44:39", "text": "can never go back. I can never go back in my true name. I can never go back in an alias name. Um all of my biometrics"}, {"start": "01:44:39", "end": "01:44:46", "text": "meaning my fingerprints, my eye prints, like all of that is most likely compromised. all of Alex Hernandez, uh,"}, {"start": "01:44:46", "end": "01:44:51", "text": "everything that I carried on me, all the digital platforms that I carried on me, which were all airgapped and isolated to"}, {"start": "01:44:51", "end": "01:44:58", "text": "just Alex, all of those things we have to assume have been collected and and and um, synthesized and reverse"}, {"start": "01:44:58", "end": "01:45:04", "text": "engineered. And you were running a real fake business, right? Well, yeah, I was I was a middle manager. I was a middle manager in the"}, {"start": "01:45:04", "end": "01:45:10", "text": "very fake business. Oh, you're a middle manager. And that was a business set up by the CIA. Okay."}, {"start": "01:45:10", "end": "01:45:15", "text": "So, is that in part why you both decided to leave the CIA? Did did the shadow"}, {"start": "01:45:15", "end": "01:45:22", "text": "cell operation end at that moment? After shortly after Andy was"}, {"start": "01:45:22", "end": "01:45:29", "text": "compromised, we found out that we were pregnant and we were hoping to be able to stay on at Wolf to continue because I"}, {"start": "01:45:29", "end": "01:45:34", "text": "could have kept doing everything exactly the same. Wolf being the friendly country."}, {"start": "01:45:34", "end": "01:45:41", "text": "Exactly. And being in the friendly country, I could have, you know, done all my targeting from there, no problem. And then we could have, you know, Andy"}, {"start": "01:45:41", "end": "01:45:47", "text": "still could have helped. He just couldn't travel into the enemy country anymore. But headquarters decided that"}, {"start": "01:45:47", "end": "01:45:54", "text": "we had been so successful and we were continuing to be successful by spreading the cell model to these to the other"}, {"start": "01:45:54", "end": "01:45:59", "text": "locations that they wanted us to come home to Washington DC and train"}, {"start": "01:45:59", "end": "01:46:06", "text": "officers, train newer officers back at headquarters on how the cell model worked and um the new techniques we had"}, {"start": "01:46:06", "end": "01:46:12", "text": "come up with. The worst part is we had a conversation about"}, {"start": "01:46:12", "end": "01:46:18", "text": "what meant more to us CIA or family. And without saying it, we were both"}, {"start": "01:46:18", "end": "01:46:24", "text": "landing on CIA. And we start thinking, how do we not give up CIA to have a"}, {"start": "01:46:24", "end": "01:46:31", "text": "family? So we approach the agency and we tell them, you know, that we have this idea. If you'll put us on light duty,"}, {"start": "01:46:31", "end": "01:46:38", "text": "just give us some cush job for like four years. We'll pump out our second baby. We'll get our first one old enough to go"}, {"start": "01:46:38", "end": "01:46:45", "text": "to school. We'll get our second one old enough for a nanny. And then you can throw us back into the fray. They do"}, {"start": "01:46:45", "end": "01:46:50", "text": "that for other officers when they're not successful officers. But when you're a successful officer, they have different"}, {"start": "01:46:50", "end": "01:46:56", "text": "plans and they try to just push you and push you and push you. So they rejected our offer and they said no to soft duty"}, {"start": "01:46:56", "end": "01:47:02", "text": "and they put us back and they told us, you know, gee, he's going to go to this office and do this very sensitive thing and you're going to go do this other"}, {"start": "01:47:02", "end": "01:47:07", "text": "very sensitive thing and we don't, your family's not our problem. And it was at that moment, I think, that we both"}, {"start": "01:47:07", "end": "01:47:14", "text": "realized CIA is never going to let us focus on a family. We're always going to be focused on the mission. That's what their job"}, {"start": "01:47:14", "end": "01:47:21", "text": "is. That's their number one purpose where if if our number one purpose is to be parents, we need to make a change."}, {"start": "01:47:21", "end": "01:47:27", "text": "What did the shadow cell accomplish in terms of the information or strategic"}, {"start": "01:47:27", "end": "01:47:33", "text": "objectives that it accomplished? So the shadow cell"}, {"start": "01:47:33", "end": "01:47:39", "text": "really did do what what we started out you know what what the miss really did"}, {"start": "01:47:39", "end": "01:47:45", "text": "complete the mission that we started out to do and that was to find new intelligence sources and we were really"}, {"start": "01:47:45", "end": "01:47:51", "text": "successful in doing that and it accomplished a secondary goal. We didn't know the effectiveness that the"}, {"start": "01:47:51", "end": "01:47:57", "text": "shadow cell had in feriting out the mole until after we had left CIA. We found"}, {"start": "01:47:57", "end": "01:48:03", "text": "out that the mole that we had been plagued by was actually arrested by FBI"}, {"start": "01:48:03", "end": "01:48:09", "text": "in I think it was 2019. It was later. So, but the case file that had"}, {"start": "01:48:09", "end": "01:48:16", "text": "identified that mole started all the way back with our operations. So, it was successful in fariting out the mole. It"}, {"start": "01:48:16", "end": "01:48:21", "text": "was successful in building new intelligence sources inside of Falcon. It was successful in maintaining the"}, {"start": "01:48:21", "end": "01:48:28", "text": "United States's intelligence advantage against this adversary at a time when all of our other operations were"}, {"start": "01:48:28", "end": "01:48:36", "text": "compromised by the mole. I think what Ji's talking about is an completely unexpected benefit in that our model"}, {"start": "01:48:36", "end": "01:48:42", "text": "seemed to have become the foundation for a massive restructuring at CIA in 2014,"}, {"start": "01:48:42", "end": "01:48:48", "text": "just two years after our cell model when I was uh when I escaped Falcon. Two"}, {"start": "01:48:48", "end": "01:48:54", "text": "years after that, John Brennan, then director of CIA, rolled out a an entire"}, {"start": "01:48:54", "end": "01:48:59", "text": "reorganization of CIA that was based off of the same cell model that we had built."}, {"start": "01:48:59", "end": "01:49:06", "text": "Was this the mole? We cannot confirm or deny anything about"}, {"start": "01:49:06", "end": "01:49:13", "text": "the mole. I will say this that if you if you research the time that that man was arrested, you'll find two other people"}, {"start": "01:49:13", "end": "01:49:21", "text": "who were also CIA moles at the same period of time. same period of time. So, the work that you did overseas, um,"}, {"start": "01:49:21", "end": "01:49:28", "text": "you believe helped lead to the capture of this mole? The work that we did overseas, we believe helped capture the mole that"}, {"start": "01:49:28", "end": "01:49:35", "text": "that Falcon House was out to capture. And do you believe that the mole"}, {"start": "01:49:35", "end": "01:49:41", "text": "leaked secrets to the enemy country that ended up being the reason why they knew"}, {"start": "01:49:41", "end": "01:49:47", "text": "that you were a spy? That was the assessment that we reached inside our own cell as well as what the counter"}, {"start": "01:49:47", "end": "01:49:53", "text": "intelligence center which is the covert espionage group that Gi was talking about earlier. Their conclusion of the"}, {"start": "01:49:53", "end": "01:49:59", "text": "facts was the same that we did not make any error in our operations. There was no no uh compromise in my behavior, no"}, {"start": "01:49:59", "end": "01:50:06", "text": "compromise in my operations, no compromise of our systems or our communication methods. That the only way that Falcon could have found out about"}, {"start": "01:50:06", "end": "01:50:12", "text": "me was through a leak from the mole. How did the mole get caught in the end? What did they do wrong?"}, {"start": "01:50:12", "end": "01:50:18", "text": "It's a great question. So, um, FBI created a sting operation based off of"}, {"start": "01:50:18", "end": "01:50:25", "text": "the intelligence that we were able to collect through our operations that that brought the mole out. So, FBI created a"}, {"start": "01:50:25", "end": "01:50:32", "text": "series of sting operations where they baited the mole into coming back onto American territory. And when the mole"}, {"start": "01:50:32", "end": "01:50:37", "text": "stepped foot on American territory, they had enough of a legal case that they could arrest him at the airport and then"}, {"start": "01:50:37", "end": "01:50:43", "text": "prosecute him in a court of law. and what was discovered about the mole and the work that they were doing and how"}, {"start": "01:50:43", "end": "01:50:49", "text": "long they were doing it for and what they were being paid or given to do to"}, {"start": "01:50:49", "end": "01:50:54", "text": "snitch on the United States. So the details that that I know that I"}, {"start": "01:50:54", "end": "01:51:00", "text": "know we can share. Mhm. Um they were paid hundreds of thousands of dollars. They were not paid into the"}, {"start": "01:51:00", "end": "01:51:06", "text": "millions, but they were paid hundreds of thousands of dollars to provide information on operations, officers,"}, {"start": "01:51:06", "end": "01:51:12", "text": "assets, locations. They were witting, meaning they knew that they were working"}, {"start": "01:51:12", "end": "01:51:18", "text": "with a foreign intelligence agency. They didn't believe they were working with a company. They didn't believe they were"}, {"start": "01:51:18", "end": "01:51:25", "text": "working for a research institute. They knew they were working with a known foreign intelligence organization. Um,"}, {"start": "01:51:25", "end": "01:51:30", "text": "and that the original ally who gave us the information about the mole, that"}, {"start": "01:51:30", "end": "01:51:37", "text": "original ally actually also retained incriminating data on the behaviors of that person that were shared with the"}, {"start": "01:51:37", "end": "01:51:44", "text": "Department of Justice. And so was this this was an individual who was in the CIA who was approached by"}, {"start": "01:51:44", "end": "01:51:50", "text": "this enemy country and the enemy country said to him, \"If you give us secrets on"}, {"start": "01:51:50", "end": "01:51:55", "text": "what the CIA are doing against us, then we'll give you hundreds of thousands of dollars. We'll give you something. We'll"}, {"start": "01:51:55", "end": "01:52:01", "text": "give you cash at least as part of it. We may also give you other things. Here's the the nasty thing about espionage is"}, {"start": "01:52:01", "end": "01:52:06", "text": "cash is usually only one of several rewards. There's also operations where"}, {"start": "01:52:06", "end": "01:52:12", "text": "uh where the cash is there so that when you're arrested, the your country that"}, {"start": "01:52:12", "end": "01:52:18", "text": "arrests you believe that that's what your motivation was while all of your real money is kept in a separate account"}, {"start": "01:52:18", "end": "01:52:26", "text": "that's saved within the actual currency of the country that you're serving. So this person, they were in the CIA"}, {"start": "01:52:26", "end": "01:52:31", "text": "as a mole, leaking secrets about the CIA. They then left at some point and"}, {"start": "01:52:31", "end": "01:52:36", "text": "then the FBI set up a trap to get them to come back. Correct."}, {"start": "01:52:36", "end": "01:52:42", "text": "When they left, did they go to the adversarial country? We can't confirm those details because"}, {"start": "01:52:42", "end": "01:52:48", "text": "to confirm those details starts to give more insight into who the mole was."}, {"start": "01:52:48", "end": "01:52:54", "text": "Okay. But they they managed to because I was of thinking I was just wondering if this the other the enemy countries offer them like lifetime protection or"}, {"start": "01:52:54", "end": "01:53:00", "text": "something. They do. So your enemy countries will offer you lifetime protection. They'll offer you multiple generations worth of"}, {"start": "01:53:00", "end": "01:53:07", "text": "payment. So even if you're arrested, don't worry. Your kids will be taken care of and their kids will be taken care of. Uh you've got citizenship like"}, {"start": "01:53:07", "end": "01:53:13", "text": "the case of Edward Snowden who's received citizenship. Sometimes they offer uh rewards and accomod and uh"}, {"start": "01:53:13", "end": "01:53:20", "text": "accolades in their own home country. There's a a number of very strange and compelling offers that come about from"}, {"start": "01:53:20", "end": "01:53:25", "text": "foreign intelligence services. When you think about a double agent, when you think about a spy who turns on their own"}, {"start": "01:53:25", "end": "01:53:31", "text": "country, it's less about thinking that they're paid to do it. Spies aren't"}, {"start": "01:53:31", "end": "01:53:36", "text": "motivated usually by money. We weren't motivated by money. We're motivated by"}, {"start": "01:53:36", "end": "01:53:41", "text": "that that very unhealthy relationship where you have to be validated by"}, {"start": "01:53:41", "end": "01:53:47", "text": "somebody else. And that same environment that CIA creates where all of its"}, {"start": "01:53:47", "end": "01:53:52", "text": "internal officers have to be able to fight their own head trash but still seek validation from within their"}, {"start": "01:53:52", "end": "01:53:57", "text": "organization. That unhealthy relationship is something that can be"}, {"start": "01:53:57", "end": "01:54:03", "text": "compromised and a foreign intelligence service can find an intelligence officer"}, {"start": "01:54:03", "end": "01:54:08", "text": "and fill that void for them and validate for them and say you're talented and"}, {"start": "01:54:08", "end": "01:54:14", "text": "you've got promise and you've got potential and we see it and your own home service doesn't understand how important you are and your own home"}, {"start": "01:54:14", "end": "01:54:19", "text": "service doesn't understand how valuable you are. If you'll help us with this, we"}, {"start": "01:54:19", "end": "01:54:26", "text": "can reward you with money. We can reward you with citizenship. We can reward your children with future residency and with"}, {"start": "01:54:26", "end": "01:54:31", "text": "college and and we can make you a very wealthy person. All the things that you worked for that your country would never"}, {"start": "01:54:31", "end": "01:54:37", "text": "give you. Did the mole admit that they had been a"}, {"start": "01:54:37", "end": "01:54:44", "text": "mole? I do not believe so. I don't believe so. I also believe that that most espionage"}, {"start": "01:54:44", "end": "01:54:49", "text": "cases when they actually go to court, they're not tried under the Espionage"}, {"start": "01:54:49", "end": "01:54:56", "text": "Act. they're tried under some gentler term, some gentler, lesser offense that"}, {"start": "01:54:56", "end": "01:55:03", "text": "is easier to prove, but also helps the government protect its reputation against being penetrated."}, {"start": "01:55:03", "end": "01:55:08", "text": "So, this individual, they left the CIA, flew to this other country, they came"}, {"start": "01:55:08", "end": "01:55:14", "text": "back, and they tried to rejoin the CIA to get more information. Well, they tried to rejoin a federal agency and"}, {"start": "01:55:14", "end": "01:55:20", "text": "that was that was how the FBI was able to to lure them and how they were also"}, {"start": "01:55:20", "end": "01:55:28", "text": "able to for for an interview. Yeah. For an interview and how they were able to get them on American soil."}, {"start": "01:55:28", "end": "01:55:37", "text": "Interesting. So I do want to share that that your curiosity right now is a major issue"}, {"start": "01:55:37", "end": "01:55:44", "text": "with CIA because they already know they already know that very smart people out there are going to know that there's a"}, {"start": "01:55:44", "end": "01:55:51", "text": "way there must be a way to reverse engineer the whole story who to find out who is Falcon or to find out where is"}, {"start": "01:55:51", "end": "01:55:58", "text": "Falcon to find out where is Wolf to find out who is who is the mole right and what's going to be what's fascinating is"}, {"start": "01:55:58", "end": "01:56:03", "text": "that We we have put every effort that we can into the story to make sure that"}, {"start": "01:56:03", "end": "01:56:11", "text": "it's not traceable because CIA had several penetrations at the same"}, {"start": "01:56:11", "end": "01:56:17", "text": "time during our tenure at CIA. And that's both depressing and encouraging"}, {"start": "01:56:17", "end": "01:56:23", "text": "because it's encouraging in that it shows that what we were doing was"}, {"start": "01:56:23", "end": "01:56:28", "text": "parallel to what many other officers were doing. We wrote the book Shadow Cell, but that doesn't mean we were the"}, {"start": "01:56:28", "end": "01:56:34", "text": "only two people that were tapped on the shoulder to carry out experimental new operations. They could have asked five, seven, 12"}, {"start": "01:56:34", "end": "01:56:40", "text": "other people to go carry out new operations to try to far it out this multi-penetration"}, {"start": "01:56:40", "end": "01:56:47", "text": "of CIA at the time. But it's also discouraging because it's one of those"}, {"start": "01:56:47", "end": "01:56:53", "text": "areas that keeps these stories from being shared because CIA doesn't want the world to know that it was penetrated"}, {"start": "01:56:53", "end": "01:56:58", "text": "by multiple people. It doesn't want the world to know who those people were. If it did, it would have disclosed this long ago."}, {"start": "01:56:58", "end": "01:57:03", "text": "Well, obviously my research team tried to figure out who it was."}, {"start": "01:57:04", "end": "01:57:09", "text": "And the diary of a CEO research team is not a team to take lightly. So, I'm a little bit afraid to hear their"}, {"start": "01:57:09", "end": "01:57:17", "text": "conclusions. Well, based on our own research, um, we thought that the mole was likely Jerry Chung Singh Lee, who spied for"}, {"start": "01:57:17", "end": "01:57:24", "text": "China around the time of the book. Jerry began spying for China after leaving the CIA, then tried to rejoin the agency,"}, {"start": "01:57:24", "end": "01:57:31", "text": "was allowed to leave the country by the FBI, and was arrested in 2018 at the airport when he returned to the USA,"}, {"start": "01:57:31", "end": "01:57:36", "text": "just like the mole in the book. But it also says here, Andrew will not comment"}, {"start": "01:57:36", "end": "01:57:43", "text": "on whether he is actually the mole or not. So there's no point asking you if that's"}, {"start": "01:57:43", "end": "01:57:50", "text": "if he is the mole. We have you been to China."}, {"start": "01:57:50", "end": "01:57:56", "text": "We are under legal obligation to to neither confform neither confirm nor deny uh the results of your research"}, {"start": "01:57:56", "end": "01:58:02", "text": "team but also the results of anybody else's research if they reach out to us and and ask for confirmation on who this"}, {"start": "01:58:02", "end": "01:58:08", "text": "who the mole may or may not be. Has being in the CIA changed the way that you view reality and human beings?"}, {"start": "01:58:08", "end": "01:58:17", "text": "Oh yeah. In what ways? Very much so. So I love this question and I really want you to be honest. Can you please share"}, {"start": "01:58:17", "end": "01:58:23", "text": "with Steve how you went from your college beliefs to your postcia beliefs?"}, {"start": "01:58:23", "end": "01:58:29", "text": "So when I worked with refugees that was my first big turning point that humans"}, {"start": "01:58:29", "end": "01:58:36", "text": "can be really nasty. Like I grew up Buddhist and so it was always like humans have the potential to be amazing"}, {"start": "01:58:36", "end": "01:58:43", "text": "and I agree that's true. But when I worked with refugees, I realized that humans can be horrible and your you know"}, {"start": "01:58:43", "end": "01:58:49", "text": "I worked with Bosnians and um and I worked with uh refugees from Rwanda"}, {"start": "01:58:49", "end": "01:58:56", "text": "where you know their neighbors literally turned on them. People who they had grown up with literally the next day"}, {"start": "01:58:56", "end": "01:59:02", "text": "came over with a machete or came over with a gun and killed their family members and chased them through forests"}, {"start": "01:59:02", "end": "01:59:07", "text": "or through whatever. And that can happen anywhere. That was the first time that I"}, {"start": "01:59:07", "end": "01:59:13", "text": "realized that anytime somebody says that can't happen here, that's a lie. That"}, {"start": "01:59:13", "end": "01:59:19", "text": "can happen anywhere. None of those people ever thought, \"Oh, yeah, that could happen here.\" None of those people"}, {"start": "01:59:19", "end": "01:59:26", "text": "ever thought that. People always think that can't happen here. My neighbor would never do that to me. And that's not true. And then when I worked for"}, {"start": "01:59:26", "end": "01:59:32", "text": "CIA, I, you know, that compounded the sense of like the world behind the"}, {"start": "01:59:32", "end": "01:59:37", "text": "scenes is a dangerous place and you can't fully. I sound horrible saying"}, {"start": "01:59:37", "end": "01:59:46", "text": "these things. You can't fully trust anybody. I mean, the reason I'm with Andy is because I trust Andy 100%."}, {"start": "01:59:46", "end": "01:59:51", "text": "But he might be the only person that I trust everything that comes out of his mouth. Yeah. You only trust me like 98%."}, {"start": "01:59:51", "end": "01:59:58", "text": "Well, you know. Yeah. But I know I can get that other 2% out of you. That's why. So, you know, you really like you"}, {"start": "01:59:58", "end": "02:00:04", "text": "always have to understand that people are a combination of good and bad. And"}, {"start": "02:00:04", "end": "02:00:10", "text": "while I wish while I would like to think that people would always try to heir to"}, {"start": "02:00:10", "end": "02:00:15", "text": "the good, I always have to keep in mind that people have a bad side to them and"}, {"start": "02:00:15", "end": "02:00:21", "text": "they and there's any set of circumstances that could trigger that."}, {"start": "02:00:21", "end": "02:00:26", "text": "Do you think we're in one such moment? I think we're always in a moment. I"}, {"start": "02:00:26", "end": "02:00:31", "text": "think some part of the world is always in that moment. What about the United States? cuz I know Andy said when we had the conversation"}, {"start": "02:00:31", "end": "02:00:38", "text": "the other day that he was going to try and leave the United States before 2026. Well, it's not just me alone leaving."}, {"start": "02:00:38", "end": "02:00:43", "text": "Yeah. Well, maybe we have different motivations. I don't know. Are you staying, Ji? Cuz he says he's leaving."}, {"start": "02:00:43", "end": "02:00:50", "text": "I've been the one who's been pushing to leave for years. Why? How would you sort of summarize the situation that the like western world"}, {"start": "02:00:50", "end": "02:00:55", "text": "and the United States are in right now from your perspective with what you know?"}, {"start": "02:00:55", "end": "02:01:01", "text": "Are these good times? Jiheis was born in Venezuela. What was Venezuela like in"}, {"start": "02:01:01", "end": "02:01:07", "text": "the 80s? Oh, it was nice. It was one of the world's best economies. It was a thriving democracy."}, {"start": "02:01:07", "end": "02:01:14", "text": "It was an excellent place with a large wealth gap. Jihi's parents. Her father came from a wealthy family,"}, {"start": "02:01:14", "end": "02:01:21", "text": "a wealthy Venezuelan family. That's how they moved to Japan. It's not easy to pick up and move a family of four to"}, {"start": "02:01:21", "end": "02:01:28", "text": "Japan or family of three and then have a child in Japan, right? All of that wealth that they had in 1980 when Ji was"}, {"start": "02:01:28", "end": "02:01:35", "text": "born was gone in 19 just a few years later. Yeah. I think 80"}, {"start": "02:01:35", "end": "02:01:41", "text": "85 maybe five years. And Venezuela went from being one of the most successful"}, {"start": "02:01:41", "end": "02:01:46", "text": "thriving democracies with a strong economy. It went from that to what it is"}, {"start": "02:01:46", "end": "02:01:51", "text": "now. There is no shaking that reality from Jihei or from her family. M"}, {"start": "02:01:51", "end": "02:01:59", "text": "so if there's anybody in the United States right now who is acutely aware of how fast everything can go sour, it's my"}, {"start": "02:01:59", "end": "02:02:06", "text": "wife. And that's why what I certainly find is this uncompromising commitment to moving in large part because you"}, {"start": "02:02:06", "end": "02:02:13", "text": "can't wed yourself to any one system unless you want to be available to the"}, {"start": "02:02:13", "end": "02:02:18", "text": "detriment of that system. Yeah, I believe in being mobile. [Laughter]"}, {"start": "02:02:18", "end": "02:02:24", "text": "We rent. We don't buy. As you might have been able to tell, I'm"}, {"start": "02:02:24", "end": "02:02:30", "text": "absolutely fascinated by the psychology behind high performing sports teams. I think it started with my love for Sir"}, {"start": "02:02:30", "end": "02:02:36", "text": "Alex Ferguson as a Manchester United fan. So, when I was told about a new Netflix series that covers the rise of"}, {"start": "02:02:36", "end": "02:02:42", "text": "the Dallas Cowboys, it immediately piqued my interest. And this isn't because I'm mad about American football."}, {"start": "02:02:42", "end": "02:02:48", "text": "I'm not. I don't even watch it. But I do know about the Dallas Cowboys. And for a lot of Texans, they're much more than a"}, {"start": "02:02:48", "end": "02:02:55", "text": "sports team. I watched this series and it is absolutely brilliant. It centers on Jerry Jones, an"}, {"start": "02:02:55", "end": "02:03:01", "text": "oil businessman with no football background who bought the Cowboys in the late 80s and transformed them into the"}, {"start": "02:03:01", "end": "02:03:08", "text": "most valuable sports franchise in the world. It's all about how one guy assembled a powerhouse team in the 1990s"}, {"start": "02:03:08", "end": "02:03:15", "text": "made up of legendary players and coaches and through fearless decision-making led his team to three Super Bowl victories."}, {"start": "02:03:15", "end": "02:03:22", "text": "And I really enjoyed it and I think you might too. Check out America's Team, The Gambler and His Cowboys, which is"}, {"start": "02:03:22", "end": "02:03:29", "text": "streaming right now only on Netflix. And they now sponsor this podcast. I've just invested millions into this and become a"}, {"start": "02:03:29", "end": "02:03:35", "text": "co-owner of the company. It's a company called Ketone IQ. And the story is quite interesting. I started talking about"}, {"start": "02:03:35", "end": "02:03:41", "text": "ketosis on this podcast and the fact that I'm very low carb, very, very low sugar, and my body produces ketones,"}, {"start": "02:03:41", "end": "02:03:46", "text": "which have made me incredibly focused, have improved my endurance, have improved my mood, and have made me more"}, {"start": "02:03:46", "end": "02:03:51", "text": "capable at doing what I do here. And because I was talking about it on the podcast, a couple of weeks later, these"}, {"start": "02:03:51", "end": "02:03:57", "text": "showed up on my desk in my HQ in London, these little shots. And oh my god, the"}, {"start": "02:03:57", "end": "02:04:03", "text": "impact this had on my ability to articulate myself, on my focus, on my"}, {"start": "02:04:03", "end": "02:04:09", "text": "workouts, on my mood, on stopping me crashing throughout the day was so profound that I reached out to the"}, {"start": "02:04:09", "end": "02:04:14", "text": "founders of the company and now I'm a co-owner of this business. I highly, highly recommend you look into this. I"}, {"start": "02:04:14", "end": "02:04:21", "text": "highly recommend you look at the science behind the product. If you want to try it for yourself, visit ketone.com/stephven"}, {"start": "02:04:21", "end": "02:04:26", "text": "for 30% off your subscription order. And you'll also get a free gift with your second shipment. That's"}, {"start": "02:04:26", "end": "02:04:34", "text": "ketone.com/stephven. And I'm so honored that once again a company I own can sponsor my podcast."}, {"start": "02:04:34", "end": "02:04:39", "text": "Are there any particular skills that people who are trying to be successful in their average life, because this is"}, {"start": "02:04:39", "end": "02:04:44", "text": "called the D of a CEO, that you learned through your time at the CIA that you think are most useful"}, {"start": "02:04:44", "end": "02:04:49", "text": "for people to be successful, however you define that, in their day-to-day lives."}, {"start": "02:04:49", "end": "02:04:54", "text": "The first thing I want to say is that our book Shadow Cell talks not"}, {"start": "02:04:54", "end": "02:05:01", "text": "necessarily about awesome spies. It talks about how we went back to the"}, {"start": "02:05:01", "end": "02:05:06", "text": "basics. We went back to foundational espionage, what we call at CIA, sticks"}, {"start": "02:05:06", "end": "02:05:12", "text": "and bricks. We gave up all the technology. We gave up all the fancy satellites. We gave up all the drones."}, {"start": "02:05:12", "end": "02:05:18", "text": "And we went back to build off of strong foundations. And we didn't do that because we're smart. We did that because"}, {"start": "02:05:18", "end": "02:05:26", "text": "the terrorist groups that won the global war on terror were using bricks and"}, {"start": "02:05:26", "end": "02:05:31", "text": "stones and sticks. Mhm. And they were winning over an American"}, {"start": "02:05:31", "end": "02:05:38", "text": "Department of Defense that had a $900 billion budget every year. We spent $8"}, {"start": "02:05:38", "end": "02:05:44", "text": "trillion in the global war on terror only to evacuate Afghanistan. All of"}, {"start": "02:05:44", "end": "02:05:50", "text": "that happened because they were using foundational tools that we couldn't crack. And in the shadow cell, that's"}, {"start": "02:05:50", "end": "02:05:55", "text": "all we did. We used foundational tools that proved to dominate time after time."}, {"start": "02:05:55", "end": "02:06:02", "text": "And there's so much in everyday life. And there's so much in business from marketing to sales to budgeting to"}, {"start": "02:06:02", "end": "02:06:09", "text": "hiring practices to, you know, annual and semiannual reviews. There's so much that businesses can take from this basic"}, {"start": "02:06:09", "end": "02:06:15", "text": "idea of never let go of the foundations. Never let go of your sticks and bricks. What advice would you give to the"}, {"start": "02:06:15", "end": "02:06:21", "text": "average person in generally just generally in their life, you know, about how to live a good life based on what you've seen, what you know now, and how"}, {"start": "02:06:21", "end": "02:06:27", "text": "you look at the world. For me, a good life is a life spent doing the things you want to do, the"}, {"start": "02:06:27", "end": "02:06:34", "text": "things that bring you joy when you have the age and the energy to do them. It"}, {"start": "02:06:34", "end": "02:06:39", "text": "makes me super sad whenever I meet people who wait until their 60s and they"}, {"start": "02:06:39", "end": "02:06:44", "text": "retire to be free to try and travel and and that's when they focus on learning"}, {"start": "02:06:44", "end": "02:06:50", "text": "the guitar and that's when they focus on art and their body just can't keep up with them. Their body can't travel like it used to travel. They have a shake in"}, {"start": "02:06:50", "end": "02:06:56", "text": "their hand. They can't paint anymore but they they believed for 30 years that it would be better when they retire instead"}, {"start": "02:06:56", "end": "02:07:03", "text": "of acting on it right now. And for me, it's it's all about finding joy"}, {"start": "02:07:03", "end": "02:07:09", "text": "in the moment today. My son is 12. He plays chess now. He wants to play video"}, {"start": "02:07:09", "end": "02:07:15", "text": "games with me now. He wants to go deep into details about his favorite manga"}, {"start": "02:07:15", "end": "02:07:22", "text": "comics right now. All of that could be different in 5 days. My daughter is seven doing handstands and doing"}, {"start": "02:07:22", "end": "02:07:27", "text": "cartwheels and all she wants is for daddy to to give her a shoulder massage at night and tell embarrassing stories"}, {"start": "02:07:27", "end": "02:07:33", "text": "about my childhood to her while she falls asleep. That's what she wants now. All that could be gone and never come"}, {"start": "02:07:33", "end": "02:07:38", "text": "back in 6 months. I have to do it now. If I don't do it now, it'll never"}, {"start": "02:07:38", "end": "02:07:45", "text": "happen. I won't be able to wait until I'm wealthy. I won't be able to wait until I sell a company. I won't be able to wait until I retire and then try to"}, {"start": "02:07:45", "end": "02:07:53", "text": "get these moments back now. So, what can I do? I ask myself every day, what can I do right now to maximize the joy that I"}, {"start": "02:07:53", "end": "02:07:59", "text": "get right now? Because it's not just my joy that's happening. It's also the joy that I'm giving to the people who want"}, {"start": "02:07:59", "end": "02:08:06", "text": "my time and space. My wife, my kids, my peers, my clients. What can I do to"}, {"start": "02:08:06", "end": "02:08:13", "text": "bring joy to myself will bring joy to others. Why does that matter so much? I can see it in I can see it in your face."}, {"start": "02:08:13", "end": "02:08:20", "text": "My life is filled with people who failed to figure that out. My life is filled with a with a mother who kept waiting to"}, {"start": "02:08:20", "end": "02:08:27", "text": "to do the things that she wanted to do and now she still doesn't get to do it. And grandparents who retired poor and"}, {"start": "02:08:27", "end": "02:08:33", "text": "family members who retired poor and people who died early and people who got hurt and can't walk and"}, {"start": "02:08:33", "end": "02:08:39", "text": "you know I called your mother. We spoke to your mother. Did you call my mom? Yeah. And when I asked her this question"}, {"start": "02:08:39", "end": "02:08:46", "text": "I said to I said to your mother I said um what's your relationship like with Andy? And she burst into tears. Did she"}, {"start": "02:08:46", "end": "02:08:52", "text": "really? She went on to say how proud she was of you, but it was telling that she she burst into tears when she was asked that"}, {"start": "02:08:52", "end": "02:09:00", "text": "particular question. That's awesome. I'm I'm glad that you called her. I I I talked to Ji about"}, {"start": "02:09:00", "end": "02:09:05", "text": "this often because I don't I never had a relationship with my father and my relationship with my stepfather was very"}, {"start": "02:09:05", "end": "02:09:12", "text": "bad. I go into some of that in the book as well. And uh I as an adult only"}, {"start": "02:09:12", "end": "02:09:18", "text": "project negative assumptions on what they must have intended because that's what I was"}, {"start": "02:09:18", "end": "02:09:23", "text": "shaped to believe as a child. I can't confidently project positive"}, {"start": "02:09:23", "end": "02:09:30", "text": "expectations on them because as a child I never believed they were doing anything positively. I believed my mom"}, {"start": "02:09:30", "end": "02:09:36", "text": "was career focused and I believed that my mom didn't really want to be a mom. I believed that my mom didn't really want to be married to the man she was married"}, {"start": "02:09:36", "end": "02:09:42", "text": "to. And that's what I believed as a kid. So now as an adult, that's my foundation. Ji's foundation with her"}, {"start": "02:09:42", "end": "02:09:49", "text": "parents is completely different. Like it's incredible now because like the the disparity between my negative thoughts"}, {"start": "02:09:49", "end": "02:09:55", "text": "of my youth and Jihi's positive memories from her youth are starkly contrasted. And that's why I want to give my"}, {"start": "02:09:55", "end": "02:10:01", "text": "children something like my what my wife had. And what's your answer to that jih in"}, {"start": "02:10:01", "end": "02:10:07", "text": "terms of what you want next? So when I was younger, I was brought up"}, {"start": "02:10:07", "end": "02:10:12", "text": "with this idea of a destination. So I did everything I was supposed to do. Got"}, {"start": "02:10:12", "end": "02:10:20", "text": "good grades in school, went to college, went to grad school, got a career with the federal government. It was really good. And then we left CIA. And I was"}, {"start": "02:10:20", "end": "02:10:27", "text": "like, but I had made it. Like I had I rode that train. I did everything I was supposed to do and I made it. So what"}, {"start": "02:10:27", "end": "02:10:32", "text": "are we doing now? And it was a really hard transition for me. But now that,"}, {"start": "02:10:32", "end": "02:10:39", "text": "you know, we have the kids and we have our business, you know, and I've gone through a lot of therapy,"}, {"start": "02:10:39", "end": "02:10:44", "text": "you know, I realize that Andy has been right all along. It really is. You never"}, {"start": "02:10:44", "end": "02:10:50", "text": "know what the next moment is going to bring. And so, you have to enjoy every moment that you have right now. You"}, {"start": "02:10:50", "end": "02:10:55", "text": "know, don't put off that trip until next year. Do it as soon as you can. Don't,"}, {"start": "02:10:55", "end": "02:11:01", "text": "you know, like those dishes don't need to get washed right now. if your kid wants to read a book with you, like you"}, {"start": "02:11:01", "end": "02:11:09", "text": "can just put that off for a little bit. Um, so I've it's taken me a long time, but Andy and I are now aligned on the"}, {"start": "02:11:09", "end": "02:11:17", "text": "like live every moment with as much joy as you can because and to my other"}, {"start": "02:11:17", "end": "02:11:22", "text": "point, like you you never know when shit's going to hit the fan. So enjoy it"}, {"start": "02:11:22", "end": "02:11:29", "text": "now because you never know when you might have to, you know, flee your house cuz you're, you know, it catches fire or"}, {"start": "02:11:29", "end": "02:11:34", "text": "flee the country because a war breaks out or, you know, getting arrested in a foreign country. Yeah. Getting arrested in a foreign"}, {"start": "02:11:34", "end": "02:11:41", "text": "country. And I'm a big believer of seeing the the writing on the wall. I don't think that, you know, my advice to"}, {"start": "02:11:41", "end": "02:11:48", "text": "people is don't be complacent. Just like Andy said, you know, don't be complacent in your business, but don't be complacent in your life either. Like"}, {"start": "02:11:48", "end": "02:11:54", "text": "when be as before World War II kicked off, there was tons of writing on the"}, {"start": "02:11:54", "end": "02:12:00", "text": "wall of what was coming and people just kept thinking to themselves that can't"}, {"start": "02:12:00", "end": "02:12:05", "text": "happen here. It can't get that bad, can it? You're trying to tell me something. So the writing on the wall for Americans"}, {"start": "02:12:05", "end": "02:12:11", "text": "is that we are transitioning into something new. We will never go back to"}, {"start": "02:12:11", "end": "02:12:18", "text": "what we were. And so you either need to be a part of creating the new America"}, {"start": "02:12:18", "end": "02:12:25", "text": "or you need to start thinking about where else you're going to go because the America we knew before no longer"}, {"start": "02:12:25", "end": "02:12:32", "text": "exists and it will never come back. This is new America now. So you either take part in it or you leave."}, {"start": "02:12:32", "end": "02:12:40", "text": "Okay. So what is old America under your definition? So old America, you know, and I'm I'm"}, {"start": "02:12:40", "end": "02:12:46", "text": "not that old. So, you know, old America in my lifetime has been a series of"}, {"start": "02:12:46", "end": "02:12:53", "text": "uh you know, the the government appearing to work together, you know, the appearing to do things, you know, to"}, {"start": "02:12:53", "end": "02:13:00", "text": "improve the lives of people, but also I think becoming complacent over time."}, {"start": "02:13:00", "end": "02:13:06", "text": "Like the last several terms, we've had a strong executive that has slowly become"}, {"start": "02:13:06", "end": "02:13:13", "text": "stronger, which I don't think is the way that we should be going, but that's what's happened. and a Congress who is"}, {"start": "02:13:13", "end": "02:13:18", "text": "constantly in deadlock. So nothing is happening. And so we continue like I"}, {"start": "02:13:18", "end": "02:13:25", "text": "mean the the immigration problem. Why is the immigration problem a problem? This could have been fixed decades ago"}, {"start": "02:13:25", "end": "02:13:32", "text": "honestly. Like decide what you want for immigration. Decide what you want your policy to be. Right? And the policy"}, {"start": "02:13:32", "end": "02:13:37", "text": "clearly I think most people agree isn't open doors. So if it's not open doors,"}, {"start": "02:13:37", "end": "02:13:43", "text": "what do you want? and then make that policy happen. So, you know, I think I"}, {"start": "02:13:43", "end": "02:13:48", "text": "think we've had a history now of an executive getting stronger. For some reason, the American people want a"}, {"start": "02:13:48", "end": "02:13:54", "text": "strong man. So, when you say the executive, you mean the president? The president. Yeah. The president's getting more power to do"}, {"start": "02:13:54", "end": "02:14:01", "text": "things. Yes. Because for a period of time, it was because Congress didn't want to make their own decision. So, they pushed the power to"}, {"start": "02:14:01", "end": "02:14:06", "text": "the president. And then in probably the last 16 years, we've seen the president"}, {"start": "02:14:06", "end": "02:14:12", "text": "take more power, execute more executive orders. So whether you like it or not, we're in a period now where there's a"}, {"start": "02:14:12", "end": "02:14:17", "text": "strong executive. When anybody gets power, it's very unlikely they're going to let it go."}, {"start": "02:14:17", "end": "02:14:24", "text": "So do you think Trump's not going to go anywhere? I think the executive Trump is the current executive, whoever the next"}, {"start": "02:14:24", "end": "02:14:30", "text": "executive and the executive after that, they will continue to retain their executive powers. Yeah. this doesn't benefit them to let"}, {"start": "02:14:30", "end": "02:14:36", "text": "go of the office of the executives powers. So jih if that's the old America where"}, {"start": "02:14:36", "end": "02:14:41", "text": "it it got slightly more complacent, there was more power and increasingly more power given to the president."}, {"start": "02:14:41", "end": "02:14:46", "text": "Mhm. You're saying we're in a transitional moment now. What does that new America look like on"}, {"start": "02:14:46", "end": "02:14:53", "text": "the end of that transition in your view? So I don't think we have a good idea of what it's going to look like. I think"}, {"start": "02:14:53", "end": "02:14:58", "text": "the current administration is taking a lot of risks that I find interesting."}, {"start": "02:14:58", "end": "02:15:05", "text": "Interesting is a very neuting [Music]"}, {"start": "02:15:07", "end": "02:15:14", "text": "is the real word because I think that he's taking a lot of risks that really break down"}, {"start": "02:15:14", "end": "02:15:19", "text": "how how things have been for a long time. So, you know, getting rid of uh,"}, {"start": "02:15:19", "end": "02:15:25", "text": "you know, pulling money from Medicaid and Medicare, getting rid of USA ID, you know, transitioning from soft power to"}, {"start": "02:15:25", "end": "02:15:31", "text": "hard power. So, I think that these are, for me, I use the word interesting"}, {"start": "02:15:31", "end": "02:15:38", "text": "because we can't tell right now how that's actually going to play out. Hard power being dropping bombs on Iran."}, {"start": "02:15:38", "end": "02:15:45", "text": "Yes. So, we're giving more money to military and we're taking money away from, you know, aid basically. So, we're"}, {"start": "02:15:45", "end": "02:15:52", "text": "making that shift. We're making, you know, various economic shifts, immigration shifts, and I don't think we"}, {"start": "02:15:52", "end": "02:15:58", "text": "I think there's a lot of unnecessary panic about all of it because whether I"}, {"start": "02:15:58", "end": "02:16:05", "text": "agree with his methods or not, I think that that we just have to wait for things to settle out. And if something"}, {"start": "02:16:05", "end": "02:16:11", "text": "doesn't work, you know, I think he's the type of guy that's going to take another risk and see if he can fix it or that if"}, {"start": "02:16:11", "end": "02:16:16", "text": "it doesn't work by the time the next administration comes in, they'll have to do something with it. You know, like"}, {"start": "02:16:16", "end": "02:16:22", "text": "there nothing stops. Everything keeps going. So, you know, I I don't know that"}, {"start": "02:16:22", "end": "02:16:28", "text": "this I don't know that America is heading for a future that I want to be a"}, {"start": "02:16:28", "end": "02:16:35", "text": "part of. I think that's for me. I think that's a true statement. But I think there's a lot of Americans"}, {"start": "02:16:35", "end": "02:16:40", "text": "out there who this is the path that they want to take. What is your perspective on everything Jihi just said?"}, {"start": "02:16:40", "end": "02:16:47", "text": "The transition that's happening right now is a transition where we where the American people have to decide how much"}, {"start": "02:16:47", "end": "02:16:53", "text": "they want to get involved and how much they want to let other people just do it for them. And Donald Trump is a I'll do"}, {"start": "02:16:53", "end": "02:17:00", "text": "it for you kind of guy. And Joe Biden was also an I'll do it for you kind of guy. And Obama was an I'll do it for you"}, {"start": "02:17:00", "end": "02:17:05", "text": "kind of guy. And we are electing people who will do it for us. Do what for us?"}, {"start": "02:17:05", "end": "02:17:11", "text": "Whatever whatever nasty thing we don't want to deal with. Budgeting,"}, {"start": "02:17:11", "end": "02:17:17", "text": "currencies, hard work, foreign trade, foreign relations, wars, we don't we"}, {"start": "02:17:17", "end": "02:17:23", "text": "want to be able to just talk about it without having any blood on our hands. So we push that responsibility to our"}, {"start": "02:17:23", "end": "02:17:28", "text": "government. When in fact, our founding fathers were the opposite. Our found our"}, {"start": "02:17:28", "end": "02:17:34", "text": "founding fathers were, \"Hey, the blood is on all of your hands. You tell us what you want us to do. Do you want a"}, {"start": "02:17:34", "end": "02:17:40", "text": "revolution? Then let's go fight a revolution together. Do you want to build a new government? Then we'll build"}, {"start": "02:17:40", "end": "02:17:46", "text": "a new government together.\" That's that's how our country was supposed to be formed."}, {"start": "02:17:46", "end": "02:17:53", "text": "So when Ji says that we're in a transition and she doesn't know where it's going, she is accurate. We don't know what the future holds. Except we"}, {"start": "02:17:53", "end": "02:17:59", "text": "know the future holds more pain for sure because we will either come out of this"}, {"start": "02:17:59", "end": "02:18:06", "text": "through a painful transition that makes us better or we will come out of this through a less painful transition that"}, {"start": "02:18:06", "end": "02:18:11", "text": "leaves us in a position that none of us want to be in and then we're going to have to put in more pain to fix it all"}, {"start": "02:18:11", "end": "02:18:17", "text": "again. And how do you think the transition levels out? Where do you think we end up"}, {"start": "02:18:17", "end": "02:18:23", "text": "if you had to guess? I think that we have a solid 6040 right now. I think there's a 60% chance that"}, {"start": "02:18:23", "end": "02:18:28", "text": "we don't like where the transition ends and then we spend 15 to 25 years fixing"}, {"start": "02:18:28", "end": "02:18:34", "text": "it again. Fixing our economy, fixing our superpower status, fixing our foreign relations, fixing our fixing our trust"}, {"start": "02:18:34", "end": "02:18:41", "text": "of our own government. I think there's a 40% chance that the the decisive action"}, {"start": "02:18:41", "end": "02:18:48", "text": "Donald Trump is taking right now is adopted widescale and we actually stimulate our economy, get people back"}, {"start": "02:18:48", "end": "02:18:55", "text": "on the same page and and move forward in a way that keeps us one step ahead of our of the threats that we see from"}, {"start": "02:18:55", "end": "02:19:01", "text": "China, the disaster that we see continuing to unfold in the Middle East, the the precipice that we have come up"}, {"start": "02:19:01", "end": "02:19:08", "text": "against in terms of geopolitics. There's a chance that we come out of that. But I think the dominant chance is that we"}, {"start": "02:19:08", "end": "02:19:13", "text": "don't. And I I would say that that's not just my opinion. That's the opinion of"}, {"start": "02:19:13", "end": "02:19:20", "text": "economists of of economists. That's the opinion of foreign uh foreign relation experts. There are multiple people out"}, {"start": "02:19:20", "end": "02:19:25", "text": "there who are all saying that our budgetary decisions, our foreign policy decisions, our military infrastructure"}, {"start": "02:19:25", "end": "02:19:32", "text": "decisions, our economic decisions are risky. risky means there's a chance they'll work, but it's a low probability"}, {"start": "02:19:32", "end": "02:19:39", "text": "chance, not a high probability chance. And how do you think the transition levels out? Where do you think we end up"}, {"start": "02:19:39", "end": "02:19:45", "text": "if you had to guess? I think that we have a solid 60/40 right now. I think there's a 60% chance that"}, {"start": "02:19:45", "end": "02:19:51", "text": "we don't like where the transition ends and then we spend 15 to 25 years fixing"}, {"start": "02:19:51", "end": "02:19:57", "text": "it again. fixing our economy, fixing our superpower status, fixing our foreign relations, fixing our fixing our trust"}, {"start": "02:19:57", "end": "02:20:03", "text": "of our own government. I think there's a 40% chance that the the decisive action"}, {"start": "02:20:03", "end": "02:20:08", "text": "Donald Trump is taking right now is adopted widescale and we actually"}, {"start": "02:20:08", "end": "02:20:15", "text": "stimulate our economy, get people back on the same page and and move forward in a way that keeps us one step ahead of"}, {"start": "02:20:15", "end": "02:20:21", "text": "our of the threats that we see from China, the disaster that we see continuing to unfold in the Middle East,"}, {"start": "02:20:21", "end": "02:20:26", "text": "the the precipice that we have come up against in terms of geopolitics. There's"}, {"start": "02:20:26", "end": "02:20:33", "text": "a chance that we come out of that. But I think the dominant chance is that we don't. And I I would say that that's not"}, {"start": "02:20:33", "end": "02:20:38", "text": "just my opinion. That's the opinion of economists of of economists. That's the"}, {"start": "02:20:38", "end": "02:20:44", "text": "opinion of foreign uh foreign relation experts. There are multiple people out there who are all saying that our"}, {"start": "02:20:44", "end": "02:20:50", "text": "budgetary decisions, our foreign policy decisions, our military infrastructure decisions, our economic decisions are"}, {"start": "02:20:50", "end": "02:20:57", "text": "risky. risky means there's a chance they'll work, but it's a low probability chance, not a high probability chance."}, {"start": "02:20:57", "end": "02:21:03", "text": "And in such a scenario, then the economy would would be hurt and then there'd be more wars presumably because if we're if"}, {"start": "02:21:03", "end": "02:21:09", "text": "the society becomes more individualistic and focused on themsel and nationalistic, then they become more of"}, {"start": "02:21:09", "end": "02:21:15", "text": "an island. People get more paranoid. They start building, I know Trump say he's building like the he's calling it the Golden Dome over the United States"}, {"start": "02:21:15", "end": "02:21:21", "text": "so that he can fire any rockets out of the air if anyone attacks. And then you kind of have to unravel that and try and"}, {"start": "02:21:21", "end": "02:21:27", "text": "go the other way potentially. Is that kind of what you're saying? I try to do as much reading as I can. I'm sure you're the same way. And uh one"}, {"start": "02:21:27", "end": "02:21:35", "text": "of my gifts to myself is when I read fiction and I'm reading a book called the the left hand of darkness by a"}, {"start": "02:21:35", "end": "02:21:42", "text": "sci-fi legend named Ursula Din. And it's a book from the 70s. And I'm reading"}, {"start": "02:21:42", "end": "02:21:47", "text": "this book and in it she has this quote where she talks about nationalism inside"}, {"start": "02:21:47", "end": "02:21:52", "text": "the the world of the science fiction planet that she's on, right? And the the"}, {"start": "02:21:52", "end": "02:21:57", "text": "quote is something like nationalism is not a product of pride. It's a product"}, {"start": "02:21:57", "end": "02:22:04", "text": "of fear. People aren't nationalistic because they're proud of what they have. They're"}, {"start": "02:22:04", "end": "02:22:11", "text": "nationalistic because they're afraid that something might take away what they have. And anytime you are driven by"}, {"start": "02:22:11", "end": "02:22:18", "text": "fear, you don't have the chance for true happiness. And what I found in that that"}, {"start": "02:22:18", "end": "02:22:26", "text": "passage from this sci-fi book was really very insightful to what I see happening across the United States. We're all"}, {"start": "02:22:26", "end": "02:22:31", "text": "nationalistic, left and right, gay and straight. Whether you whether you are"}, {"start": "02:22:31", "end": "02:22:37", "text": "old or young, we're all nationalistic. We all love our country. But the things"}, {"start": "02:22:37", "end": "02:22:44", "text": "that's driving so much of our nationalism is this fear of the other side. Not a fear of the collapse of our"}, {"start": "02:22:44", "end": "02:22:49", "text": "society, not the fear of some rising power across the ocean. But for some reason, we're more afraid of our"}, {"start": "02:22:49", "end": "02:22:58", "text": "neighbor than we are afraid of the real threats that are out there. Because at the end of the day, there California and"}, {"start": "02:22:58", "end": "02:23:03", "text": "Mississippi have much more in common than the United States and China. But"}, {"start": "02:23:03", "end": "02:23:09", "text": "for whatever reason, we get so distracted and so confused with our own infighting, that we don't realize that"}, {"start": "02:23:09", "end": "02:23:16", "text": "infighting is exactly what all of our adversaries from Russia to North Korea to Cuba to even even uh you know,"}, {"start": "02:23:16", "end": "02:23:21", "text": "Bulgaria, which is a NATO country that's pro-Russia, our infighting just helps"}, {"start": "02:23:21", "end": "02:23:26", "text": "them. And and what's the potential worst case scenario of that infighting? Because"}, {"start": "02:23:26", "end": "02:23:32", "text": "people think, okay, it just means people are going to pop off at each other on on X and Twitter and social media and they're going to scream at each other"}, {"start": "02:23:32", "end": "02:23:38", "text": "and then gridlock is the biggest challenge. I I don't believe that we're going to be going into any kind of civil war in the"}, {"start": "02:23:38", "end": "02:23:44", "text": "United States. We're not going to shoot each other. We're not going to go machete our neighbors. Not now. But"}, {"start": "02:23:44", "end": "02:23:51", "text": "gridlock is going to lead to economic collapse. economic collapse is going to lead to very real individuals having"}, {"start": "02:23:51", "end": "02:23:57", "text": "very real problems which is going to lead to an increase in criminal activity. People will steal from each"}, {"start": "02:23:57", "end": "02:24:04", "text": "other. People steal from from stores. People will you know lie and hurt each other to try to take care of their own."}, {"start": "02:24:04", "end": "02:24:10", "text": "And as that society starts to collapse and we become more and more tribal again all very predictable all all case"}, {"start": "02:24:10", "end": "02:24:17", "text": "studies that we've seen all over the world. As we become more and more tribal, then we will become fed upon by"}, {"start": "02:24:17", "end": "02:24:24", "text": "our adversaries who don't have the same problem. When you said gridlock is the the first sort of domino that falls there. What is"}, {"start": "02:24:24", "end": "02:24:29", "text": "gridlock? I see gridlock as policy gridlock. We don't know how to move forward with"}, {"start": "02:24:29", "end": "02:24:36", "text": "Israel. We don't know how to move forward with the budget. We don't know how to move forward with whether or not we ratify these election results. Right?"}, {"start": "02:24:36", "end": "02:24:42", "text": "And in the p in the time that we don't know how to move forward, it creates an opportunity for somebody else to bypass"}, {"start": "02:24:42", "end": "02:24:47", "text": "the democratic process and just dictate the outcome. And that series of"}, {"start": "02:24:47", "end": "02:24:55", "text": "dictations makes it so that the outcome is less collaborative, less well thought out, less welldefined, less palatable"}, {"start": "02:24:55", "end": "02:25:00", "text": "for more people. And then that distrust kind of continues on. We do live in a"}, {"start": "02:25:00", "end": "02:25:07", "text": "moment now where the distrust for government is higher than it's been in a long time. We see the we see the largest"}, {"start": "02:25:07", "end": "02:25:12", "text": "decline in American currency that we've seen in decades and in century in a in"}, {"start": "02:25:12", "end": "02:25:20", "text": "the better part of a century. We see a lack of public trust. We see consistent presidential approval ratings below 50"}, {"start": "02:25:20", "end": "02:25:26", "text": "for every president that comes through. We we are in a place where the people just don't trust their own government."}, {"start": "02:25:26", "end": "02:25:32", "text": "And I would say that that's not such a big deal except that we are the wealthiest country in the world. We are"}, {"start": "02:25:32", "end": "02:25:38", "text": "the largest military in the world. We are the"}, {"start": "02:25:38", "end": "02:25:44", "text": "largest producer of financial tools and the largest producer of weapons. We are a big [ __ ] deal to not have our [ __ ]"}, {"start": "02:25:44", "end": "02:25:50", "text": "together. Welcome to the United States."}, {"start": "02:25:50", "end": "02:25:58", "text": "Shadow Cell, an insiders account of America's new spy wall by Andrew Bustamante and Ji Bustamante."}, {"start": "02:25:58", "end": "02:26:05", "text": "It is a fascinating book because usually the public doesn't get to read books like this and for the reasons you said"}, {"start": "02:26:05", "end": "02:26:10", "text": "because they're so highly scrutinized and then ultimately decided to be confidential by"}, {"start": "02:26:10", "end": "02:26:16", "text": "the CIA. But this one managed to get through. So I highly recommend everybody reads it. We've touched on some of the"}, {"start": "02:26:16", "end": "02:26:21", "text": "surface level elements of this, but if you want the details of what happened, then this is a book good book to read."}, {"start": "02:26:21", "end": "02:26:27", "text": "But it also just gives you a window into a world that most of us live in ignorance to cuz we don't we don't realize these things happen. It's"}, {"start": "02:26:27", "end": "02:26:34", "text": "actually from doing this podcast that I that things that I thought were conspiracy theories became not"}, {"start": "02:26:34", "end": "02:26:39", "text": "conspiracy theories, you know. Yes. Because before I started this podcast and started to speak to people like you"}, {"start": "02:26:39", "end": "02:26:45", "text": "and other guests that I've had, I thought that well I was watching podcast and thinking that that's [ __ ] No, that's [ __ ] That doesn't happen."}, {"start": "02:26:45", "end": "02:26:50", "text": "There's these like spies that that's not going to happen. There's no way that like one country spies on another."}, {"start": "02:26:50", "end": "02:26:57", "text": "There's no way that like, you know, people go undercover into countries and get secrets and do all these crazy things. I thought that was movies, but"}, {"start": "02:26:57", "end": "02:27:03", "text": "actually that happens. And all countries are doing it to each other. And I imagine even the United States is doing it to some of their allies. Like I"}, {"start": "02:27:03", "end": "02:27:09", "text": "imagine the United States probably has spies in the UK, for example. The the United States doesn't claim to"}, {"start": "02:27:09", "end": "02:27:18", "text": "spy on the Five Eyes countries, and the Five Eyes have all claimed not to spy on each other. Um, but that's just a claim."}, {"start": "02:27:18", "end": "02:27:24", "text": "We have a closing tradition on this podcast where the last guest leaves a question for the next guest, not knowing who they're leaving it for. And the"}, {"start": "02:27:24", "end": "02:27:32", "text": "question left for both of you to answer individually is how did a mistake you made shift the trajectory of your life"}, {"start": "02:27:32", "end": "02:27:39", "text": "in a way you could not have predicted? I would say that the mistake I made that"}, {"start": "02:27:39", "end": "02:27:45", "text": "shifted the tra that truly shifted the trajectory of my life was staying with"}, {"start": "02:27:45", "end": "02:27:54", "text": "my ex-boyfriend for so long. Um because I we'd been together a year and"}, {"start": "02:27:54", "end": "02:27:59", "text": "I knew it then the relationship was already troubled and I was applying to"}, {"start": "02:27:59", "end": "02:28:06", "text": "the Peace Corp right out of college. But I also knew that if I joined the Peace"}, {"start": "02:28:06", "end": "02:28:11", "text": "Corps and I went overseas, the relationship wouldn't survive. And for some reason, I chose the relationship"}, {"start": "02:28:11", "end": "02:28:17", "text": "over Peace Corps. And because I chose the relationship over the Peace Corps, I ended up going to grad school. so I"}, {"start": "02:28:17", "end": "02:28:23", "text": "could stay with him. And then because I went to grad school and the relationship"}, {"start": "02:28:23", "end": "02:28:29", "text": "drained me of all of my money, I ended up applying to the CIA. And if I hadn't"}, {"start": "02:28:29", "end": "02:28:34", "text": "been in that relationship, I never would have joined the CIA ever. I never would"}, {"start": "02:28:34", "end": "02:28:42", "text": "have met Andy. I wouldn't have the kids I have right now. I wouldn't have the life I have right now. So, arguably a mistake to"}, {"start": "02:28:42", "end": "02:28:50", "text": "stay in a bad relationship for seven years, but I wouldn't be where I am today without that."}, {"start": "02:28:50", "end": "02:28:56", "text": "It's hard for me to answer the question because I I keep finding myself coming to the same conclusion that Ji came to"}, {"start": "02:28:56", "end": "02:29:01", "text": "that all of the mistakes that I think about making all led to a sequence of"}, {"start": "02:29:01", "end": "02:29:09", "text": "events that brings me to where I am now. So I'll actually give a more recent example that is changing the course of"}, {"start": "02:29:09", "end": "02:29:15", "text": "my life right now. In 202"}, {"start": "02:29:16", "end": "02:29:24", "text": "I hired the first executive into my company, the first kind of equal executive to me as a CEO. And I hired"}, {"start": "02:29:24", "end": "02:29:30", "text": "that person because they came well recommended. I hired that person because they had a a long track record of success. I hired that person because"}, {"start": "02:29:30", "end": "02:29:38", "text": "they seemed to understand a lot of things about business that I didn't understand and it was time for for me to scale and it was an important thing to"}, {"start": "02:29:38", "end": "02:29:44", "text": "for me as a CEO to lead the charge by hiring the right people and then in the"}, {"start": "02:29:44", "end": "02:29:51", "text": "following 16 months that person lost the company individually"}, {"start": "02:29:51", "end": "02:29:58", "text": "a half a million dollars and then put us into debt almost another $215,000."}, {"start": "02:29:58", "end": "02:30:06", "text": "So, a giant $730ish,000 mistake in one 16-month period of time."}, {"start": "02:30:06", "end": "02:30:11", "text": "And throughout that whole time, I I saw the mistakes. I saw the errors. And I"}, {"start": "02:30:11", "end": "02:30:17", "text": "kept convincing myself not to take action. I kept thinking, \"This is just what scaling must look like. This person"}, {"start": "02:30:17", "end": "02:30:22", "text": "must know what they're doing.\" Like, you have to spend money to make money. Uh we have to we have to prepare for the"}, {"start": "02:30:22", "end": "02:30:28", "text": "future. Like, I kept rationalizing every step. Oh, this was just a misunderstanding. you know, this was just a this was something that will pay"}, {"start": "02:30:28", "end": "02:30:34", "text": "off 6 months from now. And then, you know, that 16 months kind of ended in"}, {"start": "02:30:34", "end": "02:30:41", "text": "March of this year. And I'm staring at a healthy company that has zero dollars in it checking"}, {"start": "02:30:41", "end": "02:30:50", "text": "account that's carrying hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt. And I realized I can't let somebody else try"}, {"start": "02:30:50", "end": "02:30:56", "text": "to do this because nobody cares as much as I do. I'm the owner. I'm the CEO. The company was built because of my passion"}, {"start": "02:30:56", "end": "02:31:01", "text": "for the lessons and my passion for the people that we serve. We are co-owners of the company together. Gee, he"}, {"start": "02:31:01", "end": "02:31:08", "text": "believes in me and she trusts me and I can't violate that trust by continuing to think that somebody else can do it"}, {"start": "02:31:08", "end": "02:31:16", "text": "better. So I remove that person from their position. I radically change the company and within 3 months we are back"}, {"start": "02:31:16", "end": "02:31:22", "text": "into a profitable statement. We are months away from being able to pay off all the debt that we had gathered. We'll"}, {"start": "02:31:22", "end": "02:31:28", "text": "never get back the money that we lost and all the failed investments, but we are on a trajectory to go in a"}, {"start": "02:31:28", "end": "02:31:33", "text": "completely different direction because I took hold of my company and made it my"}, {"start": "02:31:33", "end": "02:31:41", "text": "company again. Instead of thinking that I wasn't qualified or wasn't capable or wasn't good enough to be the CEO that"}, {"start": "02:31:41", "end": "02:31:48", "text": "built the company, why wouldn't I be good enough to be the CEO that grows the company? I think a lot of um young founders can"}, {"start": "02:31:48", "end": "02:31:53", "text": "relate to that. I hear that story so often. I hear that story all the time."}, {"start": "02:31:53", "end": "02:31:59", "text": "I've heard it for many many years of the founder that starts a business and then basically gets like gaslighted by oh"}, {"start": "02:31:59", "end": "02:32:06", "text": "this person's an executive. They've done it for 26 years so they must know what they're doing. I'll give them a massive salary. I'll give them control. And then"}, {"start": "02:32:06", "end": "02:32:11", "text": "they make a set of decisions which because you you know you've not walked that path before, you're unable to have"}, {"start": "02:32:11", "end": "02:32:16", "text": "high conviction as to whether those decisions are good. But because they are so expensive and their decisions are so"}, {"start": "02:32:16", "end": "02:32:24", "text": "expensive, you kind of have to go with it. And then eventually you realize at some point that just because someone has"}, {"start": "02:32:24", "end": "02:32:30", "text": "worked in some interesting places or had some previous interesting job titles doesn't equip them for this challenge."}, {"start": "02:32:30", "end": "02:32:36", "text": "And especially when it's a small but this is actually the paradox of it as well like the mentality of success in like big scale businesses is not the"}, {"start": "02:32:36", "end": "02:32:41", "text": "mentality of success in like a high startup you know where you're like penny pinching. Yeah."}, {"start": "02:32:41", "end": "02:32:48", "text": "Thank you so much. I super enjoyable hearing the story. It was actually much more captivating reading your book than"}, {"start": "02:32:48", "end": "02:32:54", "text": "I assumed it would be. Um, and I think that's because of the level of detail you go into in the book, which you just"}, {"start": "02:32:54", "end": "02:33:00", "text": "wouldn't have come across before. So, I really recommend everybody goes and read it. And thank you again for coming back here and it's wonderful to meet you, Ji, because I've heard about you before, but"}, {"start": "02:33:00", "end": "02:33:06", "text": "putting a face to the name is is always useful. So, thank you so much for being here and continue doing what you're doing because you're opening our eyes to"}, {"start": "02:33:06", "end": "02:33:11", "text": "a world that we would otherwise not be able to see. So, thank you both. Thank you, sir. Thank you."}, {"start": "02:33:11", "end": "02:33:17", "text": "This has always blown my mind a little bit. 53% of you that listen to the show regularly haven't yet subscribed to the"}, {"start": "02:33:17", "end": "02:33:24", "text": "show. So, could I ask you for a favor? If you like the show and you like what we do here and you want to support us, the free simple way that you can do just"}, {"start": "02:33:24", "end": "02:33:29", "text": "that is by hitting the subscribe button. And my commitment to you is if you do that, then I'll do everything in my"}, {"start": "02:33:29", "end": "02:33:34", "text": "power, me and my team, to make sure that this show is better for you every single week. We'll listen to your feedback."}, {"start": "02:33:34", "end": "02:33:41", "text": "We'll find the guests that you want me to speak to and we'll continue to do what we do. Thank you so much."}, {"start": "02:33:41", "end": "02:33:44", "text": "Heat. Heat. N."}, {"start": "02:33:47", "end": "02:33:50", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "02:33:53", "end": "02:34:04", "text": "[Music]"}]

[{"start": "00:00:00", "end": "00:00:07", "text": "Alexander the Great passed away on June 10th, 323 BC, leaving behind a vast"}, {"start": "00:00:07", "end": "00:00:14", "text": "empire that extended from Macedonia in Europe to the Indis Valley in South Asia. His death triggered a series of"}, {"start": "00:00:14", "end": "00:00:22", "text": "disputes among his former generals, sparking a succession crisis. Two primary factions emerged in"}, {"start": "00:00:22", "end": "00:00:29", "text": "the aftermath. The first led by Meliegar backed Alexander's half-brother Aridus"}, {"start": "00:00:29", "end": "00:00:35", "text": "as the successor. The second led by Perdikas, the senior cavalry commander,"}, {"start": "00:00:35", "end": "00:00:41", "text": "argued for delaying the decision until the birth of Alexander's unborn child by"}, {"start": "00:00:41", "end": "00:00:47", "text": "Roxanna. Eventually, the factions reached a compromise. Ardus would ascend"}, {"start": "00:00:47", "end": "00:00:54", "text": "as King Philip III and rule jointly with Roxanna's child provided it was a male"}, {"start": "00:00:54", "end": "00:01:01", "text": "heir. Perticus was appointed regent of the empire with Melager serving as his"}, {"start": "00:01:01", "end": "00:01:09", "text": "deputy. However, Pertikus soon eliminated Melagger and other opposing leaders, consolidating his authority. In"}, {"start": "00:01:09", "end": "00:01:16", "text": "the division of power at Babylon, Pdicus rewarded his loyal generals by appointing them as satraps over various"}, {"start": "00:01:16", "end": "00:01:23", "text": "regions of the empire. Tommy was granted Egypt. Lemodon received Syria and"}, {"start": "00:01:23", "end": "00:01:29", "text": "Phoenicia. Filotas took control of Celicia. Python assumed command of"}, {"start": "00:01:29", "end": "00:01:36", "text": "Media. Antiggonus was given Friia, Lisia, and Pampilia. Asander governed Caria."}, {"start": "00:01:36", "end": "00:01:41", "text": "Manander oversaw Lydia. Lissus ruled Thrace. Leonatus took charge of"}, {"start": "00:01:41", "end": "00:01:48", "text": "Helispontene Friia and Neoamus was assigned Armenia. Macedonia was placed under the"}, {"start": "00:01:48", "end": "00:01:56", "text": "joint rule of Antipart who had governed them during Alexander's reign and Craterus one of Alexander's trusted left"}, {"start": "00:01:56", "end": "00:02:03", "text": "tenants. Emen of Cardia Alexander's secretary was granted Capidoshia and"}, {"start": "00:02:03", "end": "00:02:12", "text": "Paflagonia in the eastern territories. Predicus largely maintained Alexander's existing arrangements. Taxiles and Porus"}, {"start": "00:02:12", "end": "00:02:18", "text": "continued to rule their Indian kingdoms. Oxyartes, Alexander's father-in-law,"}, {"start": "00:02:18", "end": "00:02:24", "text": "governed Gandara. Zertius controlled Araosia and Gedrosia. Stasinor ruled"}, {"start": "00:02:24", "end": "00:02:30", "text": "Arya and Drangana. Philip oversaw Bactria and Sdana. Prataphernus managed"}, {"start": "00:02:30", "end": "00:02:36", "text": "Partha and Hercania. Puscest administered Perses. Clapamus was in"}, {"start": "00:02:36", "end": "00:02:42", "text": "charge of Carmenia. Atropates governed northern media. Archon ruled Babylonia."}, {"start": "00:02:42", "end": "00:02:49", "text": "And Archesilus controlled northern Mesopotamia. Meanwhile, Athens was already gearing up for war when news of"}, {"start": "00:02:49", "end": "00:02:58", "text": "Alexander's death in June 323 BC reached them. The conflict began shortly after,"}, {"start": "00:02:58", "end": "00:03:03", "text": "likely in early September. Once the war was officially declared,"}, {"start": "00:03:03", "end": "00:03:10", "text": "Athens sent 50 talons to Leostineses to pay his mercenaries and the allied Greek"}, {"start": "00:03:10", "end": "00:03:16", "text": "states appointed him general of the Greeks. From Tenaram, Leosineses moved"}, {"start": "00:03:16", "end": "00:03:23", "text": "to Atolia where he took command of 7,000 Atolian troops. Then proceeded to Beosia"}, {"start": "00:03:23", "end": "00:03:30", "text": "to join forces with Athens contingent of 5,000 hoplights, 2,000 mercenaries, and"}, {"start": "00:03:30", "end": "00:03:36", "text": "500 cavalry. Near Platea, Leosineses achieved an early victory over a"}, {"start": "00:03:36", "end": "00:03:43", "text": "combined force of Bioians, Yubans, and Macedonians. the garrison from the"}, {"start": "00:03:43", "end": "00:03:49", "text": "Cadmia. This success encouraged most of central Greece to join the revolt. With"}, {"start": "00:03:49", "end": "00:03:55", "text": "an army of roughly 30,000 men, Leostines marched north to defend the Thermop"}, {"start": "00:03:55", "end": "00:04:00", "text": "Pass, anticipating the Macedonian response. To prevent the rebellion from"}, {"start": "00:04:00", "end": "00:04:06", "text": "spreading to Thessal, Antipeda advanced south with a Macedonian army of 13,000"}, {"start": "00:04:06", "end": "00:04:14", "text": "hoplights and 600 cavalry supported by a fleet of 110 triams carrying supplies"}, {"start": "00:04:14", "end": "00:04:21", "text": "along the coast. In Thessaly, Antipoter recruited around 2,000 cavalry before"}, {"start": "00:04:21", "end": "00:04:27", "text": "moving toward the Greek forces at Thermop. However, the Thesalian cavalry"}, {"start": "00:04:27", "end": "00:04:33", "text": "betrayed him, destroying his Macedonian cavalry in the process. Antipart managed"}, {"start": "00:04:33", "end": "00:04:40", "text": "to retreat with his failank intact and took refuge in Lamia about 15 kilometers"}, {"start": "00:04:40", "end": "00:04:48", "text": "north of Thermop the only nearby city still loyal to Macedonia. Leostines approached the city"}, {"start": "00:04:48", "end": "00:04:54", "text": "with his troops and set up a siege camp. Historian Enviguel Hammond praised"}, {"start": "00:04:54", "end": "00:05:00", "text": "Antipeter's decision as brilliant as it forced the Greeks into a difficult siege"}, {"start": "00:05:00", "end": "00:05:07", "text": "of Lameia, preventing them from invading Macedonia while leaving a significant Macedonian force at their"}, {"start": "00:05:07", "end": "00:05:15", "text": "rear. This marked the first Macedonian defeat on Greek soil in 30 years. At the"}, {"start": "00:05:15", "end": "00:05:21", "text": "start of the war, Athens possessed a formidable navy of over 410 warships."}, {"start": "00:05:21", "end": "00:05:26", "text": "However, they could only crew about 200 ships, still outnumbering the Macedonian"}, {"start": "00:05:26", "end": "00:05:34", "text": "fleet in the Aian. By 322 BC, however, the balance shifted"}, {"start": "00:05:34", "end": "00:05:40", "text": "with the arrival of the Macedonian Admiral Cletus the White, who commanded"}, {"start": "00:05:40", "end": "00:05:47", "text": "a fleet of 240 ships. These vessels were part of a massive navy of 1,000 ships"}, {"start": "00:05:47", "end": "00:05:53", "text": "commissioned by Alexander before his death. Although Alexander's grand plans were"}, {"start": "00:05:53", "end": "00:05:59", "text": "abandoned, some ships had already been constructed in the Levant. In late"}, {"start": "00:05:59", "end": "00:06:06", "text": "summer 322 BC, the largest naval battle of the Lamian War took place off the"}, {"start": "00:06:06", "end": "00:06:13", "text": "island of Amoros in the Cyclades near Samos. Clitus challenged Athenian"}, {"start": "00:06:13", "end": "00:06:20", "text": "control of the region and the undermanned Athenian fleet suffered a crushing defeat. Another potential"}, {"start": "00:06:20", "end": "00:06:26", "text": "defeat may have occurred near the Helispont modern dinels as Athens relied"}, {"start": "00:06:26", "end": "00:06:32", "text": "on black seagrain shipments through these straits which were controlled by"}, {"start": "00:06:32", "end": "00:06:39", "text": "Macedonia. Antipatter spent most of the winter of 323 to 322 BC besieged in"}, {"start": "00:06:39", "end": "00:06:45", "text": "Lameia but remained active. The Macedonian army conducted sorties during"}, {"start": "00:06:45", "end": "00:06:52", "text": "one of which Leosineses was killed possibly by a slinger. Antipart awaited reinforcements"}, {"start": "00:06:52", "end": "00:06:58", "text": "from Lisa in Thrace. But Lisa was dealing with a revolt by Suthis, king of"}, {"start": "00:06:58", "end": "00:07:05", "text": "the Odrizians. Antipart also called for aid from Leonatus in Friia and Craterus in"}, {"start": "00:07:05", "end": "00:07:14", "text": "Celicia. Leonatus arrived first, crossing the Hellellispont after the Athenian Navy was defeated. His motives"}, {"start": "00:07:14", "end": "00:07:21", "text": "were not purely altruistic, as he sought to marry Cleopatra, Alexander's sister, and"}, {"start": "00:07:21", "end": "00:07:30", "text": "potentially claimed the Macedonian throne with the backing of Alexander's mother, Olympias, who opposed Antipata."}, {"start": "00:07:30", "end": "00:07:39", "text": "Leonatus brought an army of 20,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry to Thessali in early"}, {"start": "00:07:39", "end": "00:07:45", "text": "spring 322 BC but failed to coordinate with"}, {"start": "00:07:45", "end": "00:07:51", "text": "Antipater. The new Greek commander Antifilus lifted the siege of Lameia to"}, {"start": "00:07:51", "end": "00:07:56", "text": "confront Leonatus. The ensuing battle was primarily a cavalry engagement with"}, {"start": "00:07:56", "end": "00:08:01", "text": "the theelian cavalry gaining the upper hand and killing Leonatus. However, the"}, {"start": "00:08:01", "end": "00:08:07", "text": "Macedonian infantry retreated to higher ground avoiding a complete route. The"}, {"start": "00:08:07", "end": "00:08:13", "text": "exact location of the battle is debated with some placing it at Melata north of"}, {"start": "00:08:13", "end": "00:08:19", "text": "Lameia while others suggest the Pelasotid plane. This Greek victory"}, {"start": "00:08:19", "end": "00:08:25", "text": "allowed Antipeter to escape Lameia. While the Greek army was occupied fighting"}, {"start": "00:08:25", "end": "00:08:31", "text": "Leonatus, Antipeter combined his forces with those of Leonatus and Craterus who"}, {"start": "00:08:31", "end": "00:08:39", "text": "arrived from Celicia with 10,000 hoplights, including 6,000 veterans,"}, {"start": "00:08:39", "end": "00:08:47", "text": "1,500 cavalry, and 1,000 Persian archers and slingers. And Tipater now commanded"}, {"start": "00:08:47", "end": "00:08:55", "text": "a massive army of 40,000 soldiers, 3,000 archers and slingers, and 5,000 cavalry,"}, {"start": "00:08:55", "end": "00:09:02", "text": "far outnumbering the Greek forces of 25,000 hoplights and"}, {"start": "00:09:02", "end": "00:09:08", "text": "3,500 cavalry. And he was ready for the last stand in the battle of Crannon in"}, {"start": "00:09:08", "end": "00:09:13", "text": "August 322 BC. However, the Thesalians had"}, {"start": "00:09:13", "end": "00:09:18", "text": "great confidence in their horses, renowned for their strength, size, that"}, {"start": "00:09:18", "end": "00:09:24", "text": "and stamina. Antifilos, the general commanding the Athenian and Allied"}, {"start": "00:09:24", "end": "00:09:31", "text": "forces, positioned his cavalry on the right flank. In response, Antipat placed"}, {"start": "00:09:31", "end": "00:09:37", "text": "his own cavalry directly opposite them on his left flank. Antifilos initiated"}, {"start": "00:09:37", "end": "00:09:44", "text": "the battle by ordering his cavalry to charge. The two mounted forces collided"}, {"start": "00:09:44", "end": "00:09:50", "text": "and after a fierce clash, the stronger and more resilient Thesalian cavalry"}, {"start": "00:09:50", "end": "00:09:56", "text": "succeeded in driving back the Macedonians. The fighting then shifted to the"}, {"start": "00:09:56", "end": "00:10:04", "text": "infantry where the Macedonians maintained steady pressure, gradually forcing the anti-AMedonian forces to"}, {"start": "00:10:04", "end": "00:10:10", "text": "retreat to higher ground on the battlefield. Despite this, the"}, {"start": "00:10:10", "end": "00:10:15", "text": "anti-Amnian infantry held their position, repelling further attacks."}, {"start": "00:10:15", "end": "00:10:22", "text": "Meanwhile, the cavalry, realizing they were now isolated from their infantry support, chose to withdraw. The battle"}, {"start": "00:10:22", "end": "00:10:30", "text": "raged on until the Athenians finally surrendered. The casualties were lopsided with 500 Athenians and their"}, {"start": "00:10:30", "end": "00:10:36", "text": "allies killed compared to just 130 Macedonian losses. The arrival of"}, {"start": "00:10:36", "end": "00:10:44", "text": "Craterus' veteran Macedonian troops proved crucial as their discipline and experience overwhelmed the Greek forces."}, {"start": "00:10:44", "end": "00:10:51", "text": "Antipoter's strategy of dealing with each Greek city individually further fragmented the coalition, ensuring"}, {"start": "00:10:51", "end": "00:10:58", "text": "Macedonian victory. Following their defeat, the Greek coalition collapsed. Antipeter"}, {"start": "00:10:58", "end": "00:11:06", "text": "imposed harsh terms on Athens, including the installation of a Macedonian garrison at Monia and the extradition of"}, {"start": "00:11:06", "end": "00:11:12", "text": "anti-massedian leaders. Deosanes, Hyperides and others were"}, {"start": "00:11:12", "end": "00:11:18", "text": "hunted down, marking the end of Athenian resistance. The war devastated Athens"}, {"start": "00:11:18", "end": "00:11:24", "text": "economy, halting building projects and crippling industries like marble and"}, {"start": "00:11:24", "end": "00:11:31", "text": "metal work. Famine followed in the early 3rd century, cementing the city's"}, {"start": "00:11:31", "end": "00:11:37", "text": "decline. The revolt known as the Lamean War in southern Macedonia had come to an"}, {"start": "00:11:37", "end": "00:11:43", "text": "end. Meanwhile, Capidoshia, which had experienced several smaller uprisings,"}, {"start": "00:11:43", "end": "00:11:48", "text": "was subdued by Emen. However, the internal power struggles among the"}, {"start": "00:11:48", "end": "00:11:54", "text": "Diodulki were far from over. Factionalism continued to grow among"}, {"start": "00:11:54", "end": "00:12:00", "text": "Alexander's former generals and companions. as Antiggonus, Antipata, and"}, {"start": "00:12:00", "end": "00:12:05", "text": "Craterus began to view Perticus as a man who had amassed too much power and was"}, {"start": "00:12:05", "end": "00:12:13", "text": "using it for his own advantage. Perdicus had initially agreed to marry Nika, the daughter of Antipat."}, {"start": "00:12:13", "end": "00:12:18", "text": "But in 322 BC, he broke off the engagement when"}, {"start": "00:12:18", "end": "00:12:27", "text": "Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, offered him the hand of Alexander's full sister, Cleopatra."}, {"start": "00:12:27", "end": "00:12:33", "text": "Given that Philip III was intellectually disabled and Alexander IV was a mere"}, {"start": "00:12:33", "end": "00:12:39", "text": "child with limited recognition, this marriage would have granted Perdicus a"}, {"start": "00:12:39", "end": "00:12:44", "text": "direct claim to be Alexander's legitimate successor rather than just a"}, {"start": "00:12:44", "end": "00:12:50", "text": "regent. This move antagonized Antipettor while Antigonus had his own reasons to"}, {"start": "00:12:50", "end": "00:12:56", "text": "fear Perdicus. Additionally, Citorus felt disregarded by Perdicus despite his"}, {"start": "00:12:56", "end": "00:13:03", "text": "prominent role in Alexander's army. As a result, Antipata, Craterus, and"}, {"start": "00:13:03", "end": "00:13:08", "text": "Antiggonus formed an alliance and decided to revolt against him. Cattorus"}, {"start": "00:13:08", "end": "00:13:15", "text": "was appointed to lead their coalition army, which quickly departed from Macedonia with the intent to overthrow"}, {"start": "00:13:15", "end": "00:13:22", "text": "Perdicus. Perdicus responded by dispatching Emenus and Neoamus with an army to the Helis"}, {"start": "00:13:22", "end": "00:13:28", "text": "Pond, aiming to prevent Craterus from crossing into Asia. However, before the"}, {"start": "00:13:28", "end": "00:13:34", "text": "armies could engage, Neoamus, envious of Himenez, defected with a few hundred"}, {"start": "00:13:34", "end": "00:13:40", "text": "cavalry and joined forces with Craterus. After successfully crossing the"}, {"start": "00:13:40", "end": "00:13:46", "text": "Helispont, the two armies finally met in battle. Unez commanded an army that"}, {"start": "00:13:46", "end": "00:13:53", "text": "included local troops under the Persian satrapos III alongside a certain phoenix"}, {"start": "00:13:53", "end": "00:14:00", "text": "of Tenedos. His total force numbered approximately 20,000 troops whilerus and"}, {"start": "00:14:00", "end": "00:14:05", "text": "Neoamus commanded a similarlyssized army of around 20,000."}, {"start": "00:14:05", "end": "00:14:12", "text": "While the inclusion of Persian troops bolstered Emenes's army, he was aware that many of his Macedonian soldiers"}, {"start": "00:14:12", "end": "00:14:18", "text": "held deep respect for Craterus, who was widely regarded as a skilled"}, {"start": "00:14:18", "end": "00:14:25", "text": "tactician. Craterus had played a key role on the left flank at the battle of Isus, participated in Alexander's"}, {"start": "00:14:25", "end": "00:14:31", "text": "campaigns across Asia, and commanded the rear at the battle of the Hyaspes."}, {"start": "00:14:31", "end": "00:14:38", "text": "Although his actions in the Lameian War were not widely known among the Eastern troops, his reputation as an exceptional"}, {"start": "00:14:38", "end": "00:14:45", "text": "general was undisputed. Emenz realized that his soldiers might hesitate to fight their"}, {"start": "00:14:45", "end": "00:14:52", "text": "fellow Macedonians. So he devised a cunning strategy. Emenz deceived his men by"}, {"start": "00:14:52", "end": "00:14:58", "text": "claiming they would be facing Neoamus whom they already despised as a traitor"}, {"start": "00:14:58", "end": "00:15:06", "text": "rather than Craterus. He then positioned the Thracians and Asians who had no loyalty or admiration"}, {"start": "00:15:06", "end": "00:15:12", "text": "for Craterus on his left flank as cavalry directly opposite Craterus'"}, {"start": "00:15:12", "end": "00:15:18", "text": "right wing. Emenz arranged his long battle line with a small contingent of"}, {"start": "00:15:18", "end": "00:15:23", "text": "Macedonian fallingists at the core flanked by mercenary troops. He"}, {"start": "00:15:23", "end": "00:15:33", "text": "personally took command of the right flank alongside the Capidosians who had grown to respect him. Catarus meanwhile"}, {"start": "00:15:33", "end": "00:15:40", "text": "positioned himself at the head of his elite companions on the right flank with the main body of his Macedonian infantry"}, {"start": "00:15:40", "end": "00:15:46", "text": "forming a pike failank in the center. Neoamus commanded the left flank facing"}, {"start": "00:15:46", "end": "00:15:54", "text": "Emenes with his cavalry. At the onset of the battle, Craterus led his flank forward. But at that moment, Emen"}, {"start": "00:15:54", "end": "00:16:00", "text": "launched a coordinated assault from both flanks. The Thrians and Asians charged"}, {"start": "00:16:00", "end": "00:16:06", "text": "into Craterus' forces while Emen personally engaged Neoamus. The distance"}, {"start": "00:16:06", "end": "00:16:13", "text": "between them ensured that Hum's troops could not hear Craterus's voice, preventing any hesitation or wavering in"}, {"start": "00:16:13", "end": "00:16:19", "text": "their attack. Craterus met his demise that day, either by falling from his"}, {"start": "00:16:19", "end": "00:16:26", "text": "horse and being trampled or succumbing to the ferocity of the cavalry engagement. His death caused his cavalry"}, {"start": "00:16:26", "end": "00:16:32", "text": "flank to collapse in disarray. Meanwhile, on the opposite flank, Emenes"}, {"start": "00:16:32", "end": "00:16:38", "text": "and Neoamus fought fiercely, seeking each other out in the chaos. Eventually"}, {"start": "00:16:38", "end": "00:16:45", "text": "they clashed in single combat and the more experienced Emenes emerged victorious slaying"}, {"start": "00:16:45", "end": "00:16:50", "text": "Neoamus. With both enemy commanders dead, the opposing Macedonian forces"}, {"start": "00:16:50", "end": "00:16:58", "text": "were thrown into disarray. Emen extended an offer of amnesty to the surviving enemy troops,"}, {"start": "00:16:58", "end": "00:17:03", "text": "many of whom initially accepted. However, their loyalty quickly wavered"}, {"start": "00:17:03", "end": "00:17:09", "text": "and they ultimately fled toward Antipat's camp. By late"}, {"start": "00:17:09", "end": "00:17:16", "text": "321 BC, Perdicus sought to return Alexander's body to Macedonia, the"}, {"start": "00:17:16", "end": "00:17:23", "text": "traditional burial place of the Macedonian royal family. However, as the remains passed through Syria, Tammy, the"}, {"start": "00:17:23", "end": "00:17:29", "text": "sat trap of Egypt, bribed the escort and seized them, bringing Alexander's body"}, {"start": "00:17:29", "end": "00:17:35", "text": "to Memphis, Egypt. This act enraged Perdicus, who saw it as an unacceptable"}, {"start": "00:17:35", "end": "00:17:43", "text": "insult and decided to invade Egypt to reclaim the body and restore order. Assembling his forces in Babylon,"}, {"start": "00:17:43", "end": "00:17:49", "text": "Perdicus marched westward. Anticipating the invasion, Tommy used Egypt's"}, {"start": "00:17:49", "end": "00:17:56", "text": "wellorganized bureaucracy to fortify the Nile's eastern border. Perdicus advanced"}, {"start": "00:17:56", "end": "00:18:04", "text": "through Syria and Palestine before reaching the Sinai Peninsula. By 321 BC,"}, {"start": "00:18:04", "end": "00:18:09", "text": "he had arrived near Paloo, the easternmost Nile outpost, where Talmy's"}, {"start": "00:18:09", "end": "00:18:15", "text": "forces awaited him. TMIC troops were stationed along the river's edge, ready"}, {"start": "00:18:15", "end": "00:18:23", "text": "to repel any crossing attempt while the bulk of Tammy's army remained mobile, prepared to reinforce any threatened"}, {"start": "00:18:23", "end": "00:18:28", "text": "sector. Predicus struggled to find a suitable crossing point as Tammy"}, {"start": "00:18:28", "end": "00:18:34", "text": "shadowed his movements from across the river. Realizing that prolonged conflict"}, {"start": "00:18:34", "end": "00:18:39", "text": "could lead to further uprisings and destabilization, Predicus decided to"}, {"start": "00:18:39", "end": "00:18:45", "text": "attempt a covert river crossing under the cover of darkness. After marching"}, {"start": "00:18:45", "end": "00:18:51", "text": "overnight, his forces reached Camel's Rampart, a fort lightly garrisoned as"}, {"start": "00:18:51", "end": "00:18:57", "text": "part of Tammy's defensive strategy. Predicus launched an assault with his"}, {"start": "00:18:57", "end": "00:19:05", "text": "Indian elephants leading the charge, followed by the elite silver shields carrying scaling ladders. He positioned"}, {"start": "00:19:05", "end": "00:19:11", "text": "himself at the rear with the cavalry, confident in his plan. However, Tommy"}, {"start": "00:19:11", "end": "00:19:17", "text": "had already anticipated the attack and reinforced the garrison in time. Despite"}, {"start": "00:19:17", "end": "00:19:23", "text": "repeated waves of attack, the garrison held firm, inflicting heavy casualties"}, {"start": "00:19:23", "end": "00:19:28", "text": "on both sides. Seeing no alternative, Pdicus retreated and searched for"}, {"start": "00:19:28", "end": "00:19:34", "text": "another crossing further south. Eventually, he reached Memphis, where an"}, {"start": "00:19:34", "end": "00:19:42", "text": "island in the Nile seemed to offer a potential crossing. Perdicus deployed his elephants to stabilize the current"}, {"start": "00:19:42", "end": "00:19:49", "text": "while his cavalry attempted to secure the passage. Initially, some of his troops successfully reached the island,"}, {"start": "00:19:49", "end": "00:19:58", "text": "but the shifting river sands made footing treacherous. The elephants and horses struggled and many were forced to"}, {"start": "00:19:58", "end": "00:20:04", "text": "retreat. Trapped between the strong currents and the shore, a significant"}, {"start": "00:20:04", "end": "00:20:09", "text": "portion of his force became stranded. When Predicus ordered them to"}, {"start": "00:20:09", "end": "00:20:17", "text": "return through the deeper part of the river, many drowned. With his campaign in disarray,"}, {"start": "00:20:17", "end": "00:20:22", "text": "Predicas' troops, frustrated by the failure and heavy losses, turned against"}, {"start": "00:20:22", "end": "00:20:30", "text": "him. His officers, Python, Antigynes, and Salucas, murdered him. The remainder"}, {"start": "00:20:30", "end": "00:20:36", "text": "of his army promptly defected to Tammy. In the aftermath, Tommy came to"}, {"start": "00:20:36", "end": "00:20:42", "text": "terms with Perticus' killers, appointing Python and Aradus as regents. However, a"}, {"start": "00:20:42", "end": "00:20:49", "text": "new agreement was soon reached at the Treaty of Tripadesus, where Antipeter became the empire's regent. The two"}, {"start": "00:20:49", "end": "00:20:55", "text": "kings Philip III and Alexander IV were moved to"}, {"start": "00:20:55", "end": "00:21:00", "text": "Macedonia. Antiggonus was appointed Strategos of Asia and retained control"}, {"start": "00:21:00", "end": "00:21:06", "text": "over Friia, Lisia, and Pampilia. With Lyonia added to his"}, {"start": "00:21:06", "end": "00:21:12", "text": "territories, Tommy kept Egypt. Lisamechus retained Thrace and Predicus'"}, {"start": "00:21:12", "end": "00:21:19", "text": "former allies Salucas, Pthon, and Antigenese received Babylonia, Media and"}, {"start": "00:21:19", "end": "00:21:26", "text": "Susana, respectively. Despite Predicar's death, his cause was not entirely extinguished."}, {"start": "00:21:26", "end": "00:21:31", "text": "Unez remained a formidable force alongside other loyalist commanders such"}, {"start": "00:21:31", "end": "00:21:36", "text": "as Aletas, Atalos, Doimos, and Polonmon"}, {"start": "00:21:36", "end": "00:21:46", "text": "who had gathered armies in Asia. minor. Thus, the struggle for Alexander's empire was far from over. In 319 BC,"}, {"start": "00:21:46", "end": "00:21:54", "text": "after receiving reinforcements from Antipeter's European army, Antiggonus launched a campaign against Emenes,"}, {"start": "00:21:54", "end": "00:22:00", "text": "marching to face him at the Battle of Orchinia. Both commanders likely deployed"}, {"start": "00:22:00", "end": "00:22:05", "text": "traditional formations with cavalry positioned on the flanks and Macedonian"}, {"start": "00:22:05", "end": "00:22:11", "text": "falances holding the center. However, Antigonus cleverly extended his failance"}, {"start": "00:22:11", "end": "00:22:17", "text": "by having its depth, creating the illusion of a significantly larger"}, {"start": "00:22:17", "end": "00:22:23", "text": "force. This tactical deception misled many into believing that Antiggonus had"}, {"start": "00:22:23", "end": "00:22:30", "text": "received even more reinforcements. As the armies prepared for battle, Emen suffered yet another"}, {"start": "00:22:30", "end": "00:22:37", "text": "setback. Apollonites, one of his cavalry commanders, defected to Antigonus,"}, {"start": "00:22:37", "end": "00:22:44", "text": "further weakening his position. When the battle commenced, the Antiggonid forces overwhelmed the humanitian army,"}, {"start": "00:22:44", "end": "00:22:49", "text": "inflicting devastating losses. Emen and his remaining troops"}, {"start": "00:22:49", "end": "00:22:57", "text": "narrowly escaped and retreated eastward to the fortress of Nora. Along the way, Antiggonus pursued"}, {"start": "00:22:57", "end": "00:23:03", "text": "him relentlessly, but Emen managed to evade further engagements. Eventually,"}, {"start": "00:23:03", "end": "00:23:09", "text": "he reached the safety of Nora, where he took refuge behind its well-fortified"}, {"start": "00:23:09", "end": "00:23:16", "text": "walls. Antiggonous maintained a close watch over the stronghold, but the fortress was well stocked and nearly"}, {"start": "00:23:16", "end": "00:23:23", "text": "impenetrable. Unable to breach its defenses, he left a subordinate in charge of the siege and"}, {"start": "00:23:23", "end": "00:23:30", "text": "redirected the bulk of his army to confront the remnants of Perdikas faction who had entrenched themselves"}, {"start": "00:23:30", "end": "00:23:35", "text": "near the town of Ctopoolis. Alcetas along with his allies"}, {"start": "00:23:35", "end": "00:23:41", "text": "Atalos, Dimimos, and Polimon had been gathering their forces in an attempt to"}, {"start": "00:23:41", "end": "00:23:49", "text": "establish a foothold in Anatolia. They had fortified a key mountain pass near Crytopolis, preparing for battle."}, {"start": "00:23:49", "end": "00:23:56", "text": "Antiggonous leading an army of 40,000 infantry, 7,000 cavalry, and 200 war"}, {"start": "00:23:56", "end": "00:24:02", "text": "elephants, marched against them. In contrast, Alcitus commanded a force of"}, {"start": "00:24:02", "end": "00:24:08", "text": "approximately 20,000 troops. According to Diodoris, Antiggonus' army traversed"}, {"start": "00:24:08", "end": "00:24:13", "text": "most of Anatolia in just 7 days, an extraordinary feat of endurance and"}, {"start": "00:24:13", "end": "00:24:19", "text": "discipline. Their rapid advance completely took the enemy by surprise."}, {"start": "00:24:19", "end": "00:24:26", "text": "The first sign of their arrival was the blaring of elephant trumpets, which sent a wave of panic through Alcatus' ranks"}, {"start": "00:24:26", "end": "00:24:33", "text": "as they realized the battle was already lost. Seizing the high ground, Antigonus"}, {"start": "00:24:33", "end": "00:24:38", "text": "positioned his forces strategically. Both he and Dimos formed"}, {"start": "00:24:38", "end": "00:24:44", "text": "their failances while Alcatus commanding the cavalry and Peltasts attempted to"}, {"start": "00:24:44", "end": "00:24:50", "text": "secure a ridge to gain an advantage. However, Antiggonus quickly countered by"}, {"start": "00:24:50", "end": "00:24:56", "text": "leading a charge of 6,000 cavalry down the hill at breakneck speed. The two"}, {"start": "00:24:56", "end": "00:25:03", "text": "cavalry units clashed violently and Alitus was swiftly defeated. He ordered"}, {"start": "00:25:03", "end": "00:25:10", "text": "a retreat, but his forces sustained heavy losses as they fell back toward the failanks. With the Antigonid army"}, {"start": "00:25:10", "end": "00:25:18", "text": "closing in, the remnants of the Pertican troops had no time to form a proper defensive line. Faced with no viable"}, {"start": "00:25:18", "end": "00:25:24", "text": "options, they made a desperate decision. They surrendered."}, {"start": "00:25:24", "end": "00:25:31", "text": "Alcetas, refusing to capitulate, fled with a group of Pacidian allies to the city of Termesos. However, the local"}, {"start": "00:25:31", "end": "00:25:39", "text": "inhabitants, fearing repercussions, sought to hand him over to Antiggonus. Rather than face capture,"}, {"start": "00:25:39", "end": "00:25:45", "text": "Alcetus took his own life. With his death, the Pertican resistance was"}, {"start": "00:25:45", "end": "00:25:51", "text": "crushed. Meanwhile, Emen remained besieged in Nora, trapped but determined"}, {"start": "00:25:51", "end": "00:25:56", "text": "to survive. Despite being vastly outnumbered, he maintained high morale"}, {"start": "00:25:56", "end": "00:26:02", "text": "among his men by enforcing a strict training regimen, even setting up makeshift gyms to keep his troops in"}, {"start": "00:26:02", "end": "00:26:09", "text": "peak condition. Antiggonous, despite his military strength, struggled to breach"}, {"start": "00:26:09", "end": "00:26:15", "text": "the fortress. The siege dragged on for over a year, during which both sides"}, {"start": "00:26:15", "end": "00:26:22", "text": "engaged in negotiations. Ultimately, a deal was proposed and messengers were dispatched"}, {"start": "00:26:22", "end": "00:26:28", "text": "to Macedonia with the terms of a potential peace agreement for Emen."}, {"start": "00:26:28", "end": "00:26:34", "text": "Antiggonous recognizing Emen's strategic brilliance was hesitant to execute him,"}, {"start": "00:26:34", "end": "00:26:40", "text": "considering the possibility of securing him as an ally. The messengers journeyed"}, {"start": "00:26:40", "end": "00:26:45", "text": "to Macedonia where Antipeter had returned, accompanied by his son"}, {"start": "00:26:45", "end": "00:26:51", "text": "Cassander, his ally Poliperon, and the family of Alexander the Great, including"}, {"start": "00:26:51", "end": "00:26:58", "text": "his widow Roxana, and young son Alexander IVth. Barcine, another of Alexander's"}, {"start": "00:26:58", "end": "00:27:05", "text": "former consorts, was likely in Pergamon at this time. However, upon reaching"}, {"start": "00:27:05", "end": "00:27:10", "text": "Pella, the messengers were met with unexpected and shocking news. Antipoter"}, {"start": "00:27:10", "end": "00:27:17", "text": "had died at the age of 81. In his final decision, he had chosen Poly Persong"}, {"start": "00:27:17", "end": "00:27:25", "text": "rather than his own son, Cassander, as his successor and regent. Cassander, furious at being"}, {"start": "00:27:25", "end": "00:27:30", "text": "overlooked, refused to accept the decision and demanded power for himself."}, {"start": "00:27:30", "end": "00:27:36", "text": "With tensions rising, the fragile balance of power collapsed, setting the"}, {"start": "00:27:36", "end": "00:27:41", "text": "stage for the second war of the Diodoki as new alliances and rivalries emerged"}, {"start": "00:27:41", "end": "00:27:47", "text": "in the struggle for control over Alexander's fragmented empire."}, {"start": "00:27:47", "end": "00:27:55", "text": "Following the conclusion of the first war of the diodoki and the post-war stabilization efforts led by Antiggonos"}, {"start": "00:27:55", "end": "00:28:00", "text": "is in Asia Minor. It initially appeared that the Macedonian Empire was on course"}, {"start": "00:28:00", "end": "00:28:10", "text": "for a period of peace and prosperity. However, the death of Antipet in 319 BC brought an unexpected"}, {"start": "00:28:10", "end": "00:28:15", "text": "turn of events. With Antipotar's passing, his regency was handed over to"}, {"start": "00:28:15", "end": "00:28:21", "text": "his left tenant Poly Perk rather than his son Cassander, which set the stage"}, {"start": "00:28:21", "end": "00:28:28", "text": "for inevitable conflict. Both Cassander and Polyperon began to gather allies in"}, {"start": "00:28:28", "end": "00:28:36", "text": "a bid to eliminate one another and secure their positions as the sole regent of the empire. Cassander, who had"}, {"start": "00:28:36", "end": "00:28:43", "text": "few allies left in Pella, fled Macedonia and sought refuge in the court of"}, {"start": "00:28:43", "end": "00:28:48", "text": "Antigonos. He also secured support from Tommy, the new ruler of Egypt, who"}, {"start": "00:28:48", "end": "00:28:54", "text": "agreed to lend him assistance. On the other hand, Poly Perkon forged an"}, {"start": "00:28:54", "end": "00:29:00", "text": "alliance with Emen, preparing for a confrontation with Cassander and Antiggonus."}, {"start": "00:29:00", "end": "00:29:06", "text": "Emennez, who had been holed up in the fortress of Nora, had initially been in talks with"}, {"start": "00:29:06", "end": "00:29:12", "text": "Antipart. However, upon hearing of his death and the onset of the civil war,"}, {"start": "00:29:12", "end": "00:29:18", "text": "Emenz seized the opportunity to slip away. Marching through the once"}, {"start": "00:29:18", "end": "00:29:25", "text": "stronghold of Capidosia, he raised a small army and made his way to the royal treasury in Celicia, where he utilized"}, {"start": "00:29:25", "end": "00:29:33", "text": "its funds to recruit additional mercenaries. He also garnered the loyalty of 6,000 of Alexander's veteran"}, {"start": "00:29:33", "end": "00:29:40", "text": "soldiers stationed in the province. In the spring of 317 BC, Emenz and his"}, {"start": "00:29:40", "end": "00:29:45", "text": "forces marched to Phoenicia where he assembled a naval force on behalf of"}, {"start": "00:29:45", "end": "00:29:53", "text": "Poly Perhon. In Asia, at the beginning of 318 BC, Aridios, the governor of"}, {"start": "00:29:53", "end": "00:30:00", "text": "Hellspontin Friia, attempted to seize the city of Sizikus and Tigonos as"}, {"start": "00:30:00", "end": "00:30:06", "text": "Strategos of Asia, interpreted this as a challenge to his authority and sent a"}, {"start": "00:30:06", "end": "00:30:12", "text": "force to counter Aridios. Meanwhile, Antiggonos personally led an"}, {"start": "00:30:12", "end": "00:30:17", "text": "army into Lydia to confront the local governor, Clitus the White, who had"}, {"start": "00:30:17", "end": "00:30:23", "text": "managed to hold the province. Clletus ultimately fled to Macedonia, joining"}, {"start": "00:30:23", "end": "00:30:29", "text": "Poly Perkone, who was marching southward to force the Greek cities to align with"}, {"start": "00:30:29", "end": "00:30:36", "text": "his cause against Cassander and Antigonos. Poly Perkcon, positioning himself as a"}, {"start": "00:30:36", "end": "00:30:41", "text": "defender of the freedom of the Greek city states from Macedonian domination,"}, {"start": "00:30:41", "end": "00:30:47", "text": "encountered unexpected resistance. First, he marched to Athens"}, {"start": "00:30:47", "end": "00:30:54", "text": "in an attempt to seize the fortress of Monikia, but was thwarted by the timely arrival of Cassander with his naval"}, {"start": "00:30:54", "end": "00:31:01", "text": "forces. Poly Perkcon then moved south to Megalopoulos, a city governed by Dumis,"}, {"start": "00:31:01", "end": "00:31:06", "text": "who refused to submit to Poly Perkcon's rule. Dumis likely rejected Poly"}, {"start": "00:31:06", "end": "00:31:12", "text": "Perkcon's claims of supporting democratic city states, which led to a"}, {"start": "00:31:12", "end": "00:31:18", "text": "standoff. Poly Perkcon assembled a force of 24,000 infantry, 65 war elephants,"}, {"start": "00:31:18", "end": "00:31:24", "text": "and 1,000 cavalry, initiating a siege of Athens in the meantime. Upon arriving at"}, {"start": "00:31:24", "end": "00:31:30", "text": "Megalopoulos, Poly Perkcon's forces laid siege to the city, deploying towers and"}, {"start": "00:31:30", "end": "00:31:36", "text": "sapper tunnels to breach its defenses. The local militia, numbering"}, {"start": "00:31:36", "end": "00:31:42", "text": "around 15,000 soldiers and led by Damis, managed to hold the attackers at bay for"}, {"start": "00:31:42", "end": "00:31:49", "text": "some time. Eventually, however, Poly Perkcon's forces broke through a section of the"}, {"start": "00:31:49", "end": "00:31:54", "text": "wall. In an overzealous display of confidence, Poly Perkcon ordered his"}, {"start": "00:31:54", "end": "00:32:00", "text": "troops to flood the city. However, the defenders swiftly detected the breach"}, {"start": "00:32:00", "end": "00:32:07", "text": "and sealed it with their spears. After suffering heavy losses, attackers were"}, {"start": "00:32:07", "end": "00:32:12", "text": "forced to retreat and the defenders repaired the walls, setting up traps"}, {"start": "00:32:12", "end": "00:32:18", "text": "outside the city to prevent another attack. Poly Perkone, enraged by the"}, {"start": "00:32:18", "end": "00:32:23", "text": "failure, called for the deployment of war elephants to break through the city's"}, {"start": "00:32:23", "end": "00:32:28", "text": "defenses. Damis allowed the elephants to advance into the makeshift breach, but"}, {"start": "00:32:28", "end": "00:32:34", "text": "had his forces placed traps around the elephants. The defenders showered the"}, {"start": "00:32:34", "end": "00:32:39", "text": "elephants with arrows, causing them to panic and trample their own forces,"}, {"start": "00:32:39", "end": "00:32:44", "text": "throwing Poly Perkcon's troops into disarray. After failing again,"}, {"start": "00:32:44", "end": "00:32:52", "text": "Polypercon retreated. The siege of Athens also ended in failure when Cassander's forces triumphed, securing"}, {"start": "00:32:52", "end": "00:32:57", "text": "the favor of the Athenians. Soon after, Antiggonos decisively destroyed the"}, {"start": "00:32:57", "end": "00:33:05", "text": "fleet that Emenes had raised for Polyperon at the battle of Bzantium. With his campaign thwarted, Polyperon"}, {"start": "00:33:05", "end": "00:33:12", "text": "was forced to abandon his efforts and flee Macedonia. He found refuge in Epyrus,"}, {"start": "00:33:12", "end": "00:33:20", "text": "where he joined forces with Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, Roxanna, and the infant Alexander."}, {"start": "00:33:20", "end": "00:33:26", "text": "Together they formed an alliance with King Aacides of Apyus and launched an invasion into"}, {"start": "00:33:26", "end": "00:33:31", "text": "Macedonia. Initially Olympus was successful defeating one of Cassander's"}, {"start": "00:33:31", "end": "00:33:36", "text": "armies which was under the leadership of the disabled Philip III. She had him"}, {"start": "00:33:36", "end": "00:33:44", "text": "murdered but was soon confronted by Cassander who returned from the Pelponyus decisively defeating her"}, {"start": "00:33:44", "end": "00:33:49", "text": "forces. Olympus was executed in 316 BC"}, {"start": "00:33:49", "end": "00:33:56", "text": "and Roxanna along with her son was taken into Cassander's custody. Meanwhile,"}, {"start": "00:33:56", "end": "00:34:01", "text": "Antigonos had consolidated his hold over the satropies he had captured and now"}, {"start": "00:34:01", "end": "00:34:06", "text": "focused his attention on Emenes. Emenz hastily withdrew from"}, {"start": "00:34:06", "end": "00:34:13", "text": "Phoenicia and marched eastward to rally support in the eastern provinces. His"}, {"start": "00:34:13", "end": "00:34:18", "text": "efforts were successful with most of the eastern satraps joining his cause which"}, {"start": "00:34:18", "end": "00:34:24", "text": "significantly strengthened his army. Emen led his newly expanded forces"}, {"start": "00:34:24", "end": "00:34:31", "text": "through Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Susana, and Media until the two armies finally"}, {"start": "00:34:31", "end": "00:34:38", "text": "met at Paratin. Antiggonos's army at full strength consisted of 28,000 heavy"}, {"start": "00:34:38", "end": "00:34:46", "text": "infantry, 5,500 light infantry, 6,900 light cavalry,"}, {"start": "00:34:46", "end": "00:34:51", "text": "3,700 heavy cavalry, and 65 war elephants."}, {"start": "00:34:51", "end": "00:34:58", "text": "Emen, on the other hand, commanded 17,000 heavy infantry, 18,000 light"}, {"start": "00:34:58", "end": "00:35:03", "text": "infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and 125 war"}, {"start": "00:35:03", "end": "00:35:08", "text": "elephants. In terms of deployment, Emen placed his left flank under the command"}, {"start": "00:35:08", "end": "00:35:15", "text": "of Udamos with cavalry support protected by a lancer vanguard. His center was"}, {"start": "00:35:15", "end": "00:35:23", "text": "made up of his heavy infantry with the silver shields positioned on the right flank supported by Emenz himself and his"}, {"start": "00:35:23", "end": "00:35:30", "text": "remaining cavalry. The elephants and light infantry were deployed in alternating formations in front of the"}, {"start": "00:35:30", "end": "00:35:36", "text": "flanks. Antiggonos deployed his light cavalry under Pthon on the left flank"}, {"start": "00:35:36", "end": "00:35:41", "text": "with most of the elephants placed on the right flank alongside his son Demetrios"}, {"start": "00:35:41", "end": "00:35:46", "text": "who commanded the elite aima cavalry. Antiggonos placed the rest of his"}, {"start": "00:35:46", "end": "00:35:52", "text": "elephants in the center and left flanks. Antiggonos began by advancing his right"}, {"start": "00:35:52", "end": "00:35:58", "text": "flank while holding his left flank in reserve due to its lighter armament. The"}, {"start": "00:35:58", "end": "00:36:03", "text": "terrain on the enemy's right flank was elevated, but Python was ordered to move"}, {"start": "00:36:03", "end": "00:36:09", "text": "forward as this was the only portion of the battlefield where a flank attack"}, {"start": "00:36:09", "end": "00:36:15", "text": "could occur. Pthon used javelins and arrows to harass Emenz's elephants,"}, {"start": "00:36:15", "end": "00:36:22", "text": "prompting Emenz to order his light cavalry to emerge and counterattack. After a fierce skirmish,"}, {"start": "00:36:22", "end": "00:36:27", "text": "Emenz's cavalry forced Pithon's troops to retreat, and a contingent of"}, {"start": "00:36:27", "end": "00:36:33", "text": "elephants followed, trapping them in the foothills. The battle raged on in the"}, {"start": "00:36:33", "end": "00:36:41", "text": "center, with both armies colliding in a fierce engagement. The Emen force had an advantage thanks"}, {"start": "00:36:41", "end": "00:36:46", "text": "to the experienced silver shields who despite their advanced age were veterans"}, {"start": "00:36:46", "end": "00:36:52", "text": "of both Philillips and Alexander's campaigns. Their experience and skill"}, {"start": "00:36:52", "end": "00:36:57", "text": "helped break the antiggonid failanks. However, Antigonos wasn't"}, {"start": "00:36:57", "end": "00:37:02", "text": "easily deterred and counterattacked with overwhelming force, eventually"}, {"start": "00:37:02", "end": "00:37:08", "text": "overcoming the Emen's left flank. Despite Antiggonos's success on his own"}, {"start": "00:37:08", "end": "00:37:15", "text": "flank, Humez triumphed in the overall battle, Jimenez lost only 540 infantry,"}, {"start": "00:37:15", "end": "00:37:22", "text": "a few cavalry, and had 900 wounded, while Antiggonos suffered heavier"}, {"start": "00:37:22", "end": "00:37:28", "text": "losses, 3,700 infantry killed, 54 cavalry, and"}, {"start": "00:37:28", "end": "00:37:34", "text": "4,000 wounded. With his army's morale broken, Antiggonos withdrew from the"}, {"start": "00:37:34", "end": "00:37:39", "text": "field after nightfall and Humez retreated to his winter quarters,"}, {"start": "00:37:39", "end": "00:37:46", "text": "expecting no further challenges. Antiggonos retreated into Media while"}, {"start": "00:37:46", "end": "00:37:53", "text": "moved to winter in Gaben. Meanwhile, Antigonos concocted a plan to surprise"}, {"start": "00:37:53", "end": "00:37:58", "text": "Emenes. He marched through the bitter winter of 316 BC, navigating harsh"}, {"start": "00:37:58", "end": "00:38:04", "text": "terrain and blizzard conditions. Somehow, Emenz learned of this plan,"}, {"start": "00:38:04", "end": "00:38:12", "text": "quickly organizing his forces for a battle. The two armies clashed on the open fields of Gaben. Antiggonos's"}, {"start": "00:38:12", "end": "00:38:21", "text": "forces comprised 22,000 heavy infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 65 war elephants. In"}, {"start": "00:38:21", "end": "00:38:29", "text": "contrast, Emenz commanded 36,700 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and 114"}, {"start": "00:38:29", "end": "00:38:37", "text": "elephants. The vast open planes provided ideal conditions for largecale formation"}, {"start": "00:38:37", "end": "00:38:43", "text": "combat. Antiggonos positioned Pthon with the cavalry on the left flank, while he"}, {"start": "00:38:43", "end": "00:38:48", "text": "and Demetrios took command of the right, leading their most elite troops. The"}, {"start": "00:38:48", "end": "00:38:54", "text": "center was occupied by cavalry with the elephants deployed as a vanguard at the"}, {"start": "00:38:54", "end": "00:39:00", "text": "front. On the opposing side, Emenz positioned himself on the left flank,"}, {"start": "00:39:00", "end": "00:39:06", "text": "directing the cavalry while placing the formidable silver shields beside him."}, {"start": "00:39:06", "end": "00:39:11", "text": "The rest of his infantry extended along the line with the elephants similarly"}, {"start": "00:39:11", "end": "00:39:18", "text": "spread out at the front. His right flank was reinforced with light cavalry and"}, {"start": "00:39:18", "end": "00:39:23", "text": "additional elephants for support. Emenise initiated the battle by"}, {"start": "00:39:23", "end": "00:39:32", "text": "ordering his elephants in the left and center to advance while he and his troops pushed forward behind them. The"}, {"start": "00:39:32", "end": "00:39:37", "text": "advancing beasts stirred up massive clouds of dust, reducing visibility and"}, {"start": "00:39:37", "end": "00:39:42", "text": "blinding his own cavalry. Antiggonos quickly seized the"}, {"start": "00:39:42", "end": "00:39:48", "text": "opportunity, sending a contingent of his light cavalry through the cover of the dust"}, {"start": "00:39:48", "end": "00:39:53", "text": "storm. They bypassed the front lines and reached the baggage train of Emen's"}, {"start": "00:39:53", "end": "00:40:00", "text": "forces, swiftly seizing it. Meanwhile, Humas pressed into Antigonos's ranks,"}, {"start": "00:40:00", "end": "00:40:05", "text": "but his charge failed to break them. Pioestas, who had been part of the"}, {"start": "00:40:05", "end": "00:40:11", "text": "attack, lost confidence in their chances and withdrew with his troops, leaving"}, {"start": "00:40:11", "end": "00:40:17", "text": "many exposed to hold the line alone. At that moment, the silver shields arrived"}, {"start": "00:40:17", "end": "00:40:22", "text": "in force, advancing behind the elephants and smashing into Antigonos's infantry,"}, {"start": "00:40:22", "end": "00:40:28", "text": "shattering sections of their formation. The battlefield plunged into chaos,"}, {"start": "00:40:28", "end": "00:40:33", "text": "forcing both sides to pull back to their respective camps, ending the engagement"}, {"start": "00:40:33", "end": "00:40:40", "text": "in a stalemate. As night descended, Humez sought to rally his disheartened troops"}, {"start": "00:40:40", "end": "00:40:48", "text": "for the next day's battle. However, news of the stolen baggage train spread throughout the camp, igniting outrage"}, {"start": "00:40:48", "end": "00:40:53", "text": "among the soldiers. At this critical moment, the Silver Shields, who had long"}, {"start": "00:40:53", "end": "00:40:58", "text": "harbored distrust toward Ein due to his southern Greek origins rather than"}, {"start": "00:40:58", "end": "00:41:04", "text": "Macedonian heritage, rose in revolt upon discovering that Antiggonos had seized"}, {"start": "00:41:04", "end": "00:41:10", "text": "their families, servants, and spoils of war. They secretly initiated"}, {"start": "00:41:10", "end": "00:41:16", "text": "negotiations with him. An agreement was swiftly reached in exchange for the"}, {"start": "00:41:16", "end": "00:41:23", "text": "return of their baggage and loved ones. The Silver Shields would deliver Emenes and pledged their allegiance to"}, {"start": "00:41:23", "end": "00:41:30", "text": "Antigonos. Without hesitation, they arrested Emens along with his senior officers and handed them over."}, {"start": "00:41:30", "end": "00:41:35", "text": "Antiggonos wasted no time. Emenz was swiftly"}, {"start": "00:41:35", "end": "00:41:41", "text": "executed. With Humez's death, the war in the eastern provinces of the empire came"}, {"start": "00:41:41", "end": "00:41:46", "text": "to an end. Following the conflict, Cassander established his dominance over"}, {"start": "00:41:46", "end": "00:41:53", "text": "Macedonia, bordering the territories of Lissimachos in Thrace. Meanwhile, a vast"}, {"start": "00:41:53", "end": "00:41:59", "text": "domain encompassing Egypt, Serene, Syria, Libya, Cyprus, and several"}, {"start": "00:41:59", "end": "00:42:05", "text": "islands fell under Tammy's control. Antiggonos now ruling all of Persia and"}, {"start": "00:42:05", "end": "00:42:11", "text": "Asia Minor, emerged as the unrivaled power in Asia. His growing influence"}, {"start": "00:42:11", "end": "00:42:18", "text": "alarmed the other diodoki and within a year the third war of the diodoki"}, {"start": "00:42:18", "end": "00:42:24", "text": "erupted. The year was 315 BC and Antiggonos stood as one of the most"}, {"start": "00:42:24", "end": "00:42:31", "text": "dominant figures across Eurasia. Emerging victorious from the second war of the Diodulki. He now"}, {"start": "00:42:31", "end": "00:42:37", "text": "reigned over a vast domain stretching from Bethnia to Bactrea. However, in"}, {"start": "00:42:37", "end": "00:42:44", "text": "Macedonia and Thrace, his former allies, Cassander and Lissimachos, viewed his"}, {"start": "00:42:44", "end": "00:42:50", "text": "growing power with suspicion. Their concerns led them to engage in secret"}, {"start": "00:42:50", "end": "00:42:56", "text": "negotiations with Tammy in Egypt. With the possibility of Alexander's empire"}, {"start": "00:42:56", "end": "00:43:02", "text": "being reunited once more, Antigonos focused on strengthening his grip over"}, {"start": "00:43:02", "end": "00:43:07", "text": "the eastern provinces. In 314 BC, he"}, {"start": "00:43:07", "end": "00:43:13", "text": "executed Python, suspecting him of amassing too much influence and annexed"}, {"start": "00:43:13", "end": "00:43:19", "text": "Media into his expanding realm. Continuing his advance southward, he"}, {"start": "00:43:19", "end": "00:43:25", "text": "captured the treasuries of Susa before leading his forces into Babylon. Upon"}, {"start": "00:43:25", "end": "00:43:30", "text": "his arrival, he was initially received with warmth by Salucas, the region's"}, {"start": "00:43:30", "end": "00:43:36", "text": "governor. However, tensions soon escalated between the two, forcing"}, {"start": "00:43:36", "end": "00:43:42", "text": "Salucas to flee to Egypt, where he later joined Tommy. Though Antiggonos appeared"}, {"start": "00:43:42", "end": "00:43:48", "text": "to have secured his authority on the surface, many of the satraps remained unwilling to submit to his rule over"}, {"start": "00:43:48", "end": "00:43:56", "text": "Asia. In response, a powerful coalition formed in 314 BC, consisting of"}, {"start": "00:43:56", "end": "00:44:02", "text": "Cassander, Lissimachos, Tammy, and Salucas. The coalition presented"}, {"start": "00:44:02", "end": "00:44:11", "text": "Antigonos with an ultimatum, demanding that he redistribute Babylon's treasury wealth and disband his army. Complying"}, {"start": "00:44:11", "end": "00:44:16", "text": "with these terms would have effectively led to a fresh division of Alexander's"}, {"start": "00:44:16", "end": "00:44:23", "text": "empire. Lissimacos sought control over Helispontene Friia. Cassander desired"}, {"start": "00:44:23", "end": "00:44:30", "text": "Capidoshia and Liia. Salucas demanded the return of Babylon. And Tommy claimed"}, {"start": "00:44:30", "end": "00:44:36", "text": "Syria. Justifying their demands, they cited their alliance against Emenes,"}, {"start": "00:44:36", "end": "00:44:42", "text": "arguing they deserved a fairer share. Predictably, Antiggonos outright"}, {"start": "00:44:42", "end": "00:44:48", "text": "rejected these terms, responding with a declaration of war through messengers."}, {"start": "00:44:48", "end": "00:44:53", "text": "Thus, in 314 BC, conflict erupted once"}, {"start": "00:44:53", "end": "00:44:58", "text": "again. Despite his enemies taking the diplomatic initiative, it was Antiggonos"}, {"start": "00:44:58", "end": "00:45:06", "text": "who struck first, targeting the Neareastern territories under Tomy's control. His actions violated the"}, {"start": "00:45:06", "end": "00:45:13", "text": "Triadasos agreement, a crucial pact for launching any campaigns into Asia Minor"}, {"start": "00:45:13", "end": "00:45:19", "text": "or Persia. As with previous wars, this one also commenced with political"}, {"start": "00:45:19", "end": "00:45:26", "text": "maneuvering stretching across continents. Antigonos launched a siege on Tire, mirroring Alexander's famous"}, {"start": "00:45:26", "end": "00:45:32", "text": "assault decades earlier. However, Tolmy's naval forces continuously"}, {"start": "00:45:32", "end": "00:45:37", "text": "supplied the city, prolonging the conflict. The campaign lasted over a"}, {"start": "00:45:37", "end": "00:45:45", "text": "year, culminating in the devastating fall of Ty, granting Antiggonos full control over Phoenicia and most of"}, {"start": "00:45:45", "end": "00:45:50", "text": "Syria. Meanwhile, Tommy, Cassander, and"}, {"start": "00:45:50", "end": "00:45:55", "text": "Lissimacos orchestrated a rebellion against Antigonos, led by Asander, one"}, {"start": "00:45:55", "end": "00:46:01", "text": "of his own subordinates who ruled Ionia and parts of Asia Minor. To counter this"}, {"start": "00:46:01", "end": "00:46:07", "text": "new front, Antigonos dispatched his nephew, Tommy, to suppress a Sander's"}, {"start": "00:46:07", "end": "00:46:14", "text": "uprising. At the same time, he issued promises of autonomy to the Greek polles, aiming to sway them against his"}, {"start": "00:46:14", "end": "00:46:21", "text": "opponents. Not to be outmaneuvered, Tommy responded by making his own pledge of security to the Greek city states,"}, {"start": "00:46:21", "end": "00:46:26", "text": "hoping to undermine Antigonos's influence. Asander, having expanded his"}, {"start": "00:46:26", "end": "00:46:32", "text": "domain into Lydia and parts of Capidoshia, gained significant backing"}, {"start": "00:46:32", "end": "00:46:38", "text": "from the coalition as the war intensified. Tomy's strategy focused on severing"}, {"start": "00:46:38", "end": "00:46:43", "text": "Asander's access to Lissimachos and Cassander, ensuring they could not"}, {"start": "00:46:43", "end": "00:46:49", "text": "reinforce him by land. Executing this plan effectively, the young general"}, {"start": "00:46:49", "end": "00:46:56", "text": "successfully reclaimed the entirety of Capidosia. He then advanced into Bethnia before"}, {"start": "00:46:56", "end": "00:47:02", "text": "turning south to threaten Karia where he secured a decisive victory over"}, {"start": "00:47:02", "end": "00:47:07", "text": "Eupolamus, a commander loyal to Cassander. Despite his success in"}, {"start": "00:47:07", "end": "00:47:12", "text": "isolating a Sander and cutting him off from his allies, Tommy lacked the"}, {"start": "00:47:12", "end": "00:47:19", "text": "manpower and supplies to launch a sustained offensive. As a result, he"}, {"start": "00:47:19", "end": "00:47:25", "text": "dismissed his troops to winter quarters. Cassander struggling to maintain control"}, {"start": "00:47:25", "end": "00:47:32", "text": "sought negotiations. The freedom declarations had sparked revolts across the Pelponis"}, {"start": "00:47:32", "end": "00:47:39", "text": "fueled by Polyperone. Meanwhile, Tammy continued to provide naval assistance. However,"}, {"start": "00:47:39", "end": "00:47:47", "text": "the Phoenetians had built a formidable fleet, allowing Antiggonos to achieve naval supremacy in the Aian."}, {"start": "00:47:47", "end": "00:47:52", "text": "Seizing the opportunity, Antiggonos withdrew his main army from Syria and"}, {"start": "00:47:52", "end": "00:47:59", "text": "marched against Asander, entrusting the defense of the Levant to his eldest son,"}, {"start": "00:47:59", "end": "00:48:05", "text": "Demetrius. Alongside Demetrius were Python of Ajinor and Neros, Alexander's"}, {"start": "00:48:05", "end": "00:48:10", "text": "former admiral. Upon reaching Asia Minor, Antigonos waged a successful"}, {"start": "00:48:10", "end": "00:48:16", "text": "campaign against Asander, ultimately forcing him into a peace agreement. As"}, {"start": "00:48:16", "end": "00:48:21", "text": "terms of the treaty, Ascender was compelled to surrender his army, seed"}, {"start": "00:48:21", "end": "00:48:27", "text": "control of Karia, and offer up his own brother as a hostage. Meanwhile, Tommy"}, {"start": "00:48:27", "end": "00:48:32", "text": "mustered his Egyptian and Macedonian forces advancing through the Sinai"}, {"start": "00:48:32", "end": "00:48:38", "text": "Peninsula toward Gaza. Demetrius, despite being advised against"}, {"start": "00:48:38", "end": "00:48:44", "text": "facing such seasoned generals, was determined to protect his father's newly"}, {"start": "00:48:44", "end": "00:48:51", "text": "acquired territories. Without hesitation, he led his forces through Syria and Judea,"}, {"start": "00:48:51", "end": "00:48:57", "text": "preparing for a decisive confrontation in Gaza. The battle unfolded in a field"}, {"start": "00:48:57", "end": "00:49:03", "text": "situated between the Basor River and Gaza itself. Commanding a significant"}, {"start": "00:49:03", "end": "00:49:11", "text": "force, Tommy and Salucos led 18,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry. Facing them,"}, {"start": "00:49:11", "end": "00:49:21", "text": "Demetrios had 12,500 infantry, 4,400 cavalry, and 43 war elephants. The"}, {"start": "00:49:21", "end": "00:49:27", "text": "battlefield deployment was as follows. The Antiggonid left flank was guarded by"}, {"start": "00:49:27", "end": "00:49:35", "text": "3,000 cavalry commanded by Demetrios and his advisers. In front of them stood 30"}, {"start": "00:49:35", "end": "00:49:42", "text": "Indian elephants flanked by 1,500 light infantry armed with bows. In"}, {"start": "00:49:42", "end": "00:49:48", "text": "the center of the line, an 11,000 strong failanks was positioned. The remaining"}, {"start": "00:49:48", "end": "00:49:54", "text": "13 elephants were arrayed at the front. On the right flank, the remaining 1,500"}, {"start": "00:49:54", "end": "00:49:59", "text": "cavalry were stationed. Initially, Tommy and Salucos"}, {"start": "00:49:59", "end": "00:50:06", "text": "had intended to place their cavalry on their left flank, but upon observing the enemy's arrangement, they adjusted their"}, {"start": "00:50:06", "end": "00:50:13", "text": "tactics, placing 3,000 cavalry on their right. To counter the threat of an"}, {"start": "00:50:13", "end": "00:50:19", "text": "elephant charge, Tommy had his engineers lay metal spikes across the field with"}, {"start": "00:50:19", "end": "00:50:25", "text": "javelin throwers positioned nearby. The center was packed with 18,000"}, {"start": "00:50:25", "end": "00:50:31", "text": "infantrymen and about 1,000 cavalry was stationed on the left flank. The battle"}, {"start": "00:50:31", "end": "00:50:40", "text": "began with Demetrios charging forward at the head of his cavalry in a swift lightninglike assault. In response,"}, {"start": "00:50:40", "end": "00:50:45", "text": "Salucos and Talamy sent their cavalry to meet the charge head on. This left"}, {"start": "00:50:45", "end": "00:50:50", "text": "Demetrios's right wing exposed, giving Salucos and Taly the opportunity to"}, {"start": "00:50:50", "end": "00:50:56", "text": "outflank the inexperienced Demetrios. Cavalry battle raged for an extended"}, {"start": "00:50:56", "end": "00:51:02", "text": "period with many brave soldiers falling, but it ended with no clear victor."}, {"start": "00:51:02", "end": "00:51:10", "text": "At this point, Demetrius ordered his elephants to charge in an attempt to overwhelm the enemy. The majestic"}, {"start": "00:51:10", "end": "00:51:15", "text": "creatures advanced, but their momentum was soon halted by Tomy's light cavalry,"}, {"start": "00:51:15", "end": "00:51:22", "text": "which unleashed a barrage of javelins and arrows upon the elephants. The elephant handlers fought valiantly"}, {"start": "00:51:22", "end": "00:51:30", "text": "against this onslaught, but they were ultimately thwarted by the metal spikes on the battlefield. In the end, almost"}, {"start": "00:51:30", "end": "00:51:35", "text": "all the elephants were either killed or captured, and their handlers perished as"}, {"start": "00:51:35", "end": "00:51:41", "text": "well. Seeing this catastrophic loss, the morale of the Antigonid forces"}, {"start": "00:51:41", "end": "00:51:48", "text": "plummeted, and chaos ensued. Many soldiers fled back toward Gaza. And"}, {"start": "00:51:48", "end": "00:51:53", "text": "despite Demetrios's desperate attempts to rally them, the retreat turned into a"}, {"start": "00:51:53", "end": "00:51:59", "text": "disorganized route. Demetrius eventually ordered his troops to pull back, but the"}, {"start": "00:51:59", "end": "00:52:07", "text": "confusion within the ranks made it impossible to withdraw in an orderly fashion. As a result, Tammy and Salucos"}, {"start": "00:52:07", "end": "00:52:16", "text": "encircled the remaining Antiggonid forces, trapping them and capturing over 8,000 soldiers while the rest were"}, {"start": "00:52:16", "end": "00:52:22", "text": "killed. Demetrios, having lost his honor, managed to escape the field, returning"}, {"start": "00:52:22", "end": "00:52:27", "text": "to Phoenicia. After his defeat, Demetrios retreated northward to"}, {"start": "00:52:27", "end": "00:52:32", "text": "Tripolis, where he began rebuilding his army. He also sent a report to his"}, {"start": "00:52:32", "end": "00:52:38", "text": "father, who had just concluded his campaign in Karia, urging him to send"}, {"start": "00:52:38", "end": "00:52:43", "text": "reinforcements. Meanwhile, Salucos convinced Tommy to"}, {"start": "00:52:43", "end": "00:52:49", "text": "release him from service and grant him an army of 1,000 troops. With this"}, {"start": "00:52:49", "end": "00:52:54", "text": "force, Salucos aimed to retake his former province of Babylonia, which had"}, {"start": "00:52:54", "end": "00:52:59", "text": "been left without a governor following the death of Pthon in battle. Tommy"}, {"start": "00:52:59", "end": "00:53:05", "text": "continued his pursuit of Demetrios, advancing as far north as Sidon. However, he soon received word that"}, {"start": "00:53:05", "end": "00:53:10", "text": "Antigonus was returning from Asia Minor with his main army, forcing Tommy to"}, {"start": "00:53:10", "end": "00:53:18", "text": "withdraw from Syria. Antiggonus returned to Coilasyria with an army of 80,000 men and swiftly"}, {"start": "00:53:18", "end": "00:53:24", "text": "reclaimed the Phoenician coastline. In the east, Salucos had been"}, {"start": "00:53:24", "end": "00:53:32", "text": "steadily recruiting soldiers on his way to Babylon, amassing a force of around 3,000 troops. Upon finally reaching"}, {"start": "00:53:32", "end": "00:53:39", "text": "Babylon, he was warmly welcomed into the city and quickly recognized as the new ruler. He encountered little resistance,"}, {"start": "00:53:39", "end": "00:53:44", "text": "save for Pthon's former commander, Difilus, who had barricaded himself and"}, {"start": "00:53:44", "end": "00:53:52", "text": "other Antigonid supporters inside the city's fortress. However, Salucos swiftly laid siege to the fortress,"}, {"start": "00:53:52", "end": "00:53:57", "text": "successfully reoccupying Babylon. Afterward, he freed friends who had been"}, {"start": "00:53:57", "end": "00:54:04", "text": "imprisoned there and began organizing his government, marking the traditional beginning of the Seucid"}, {"start": "00:54:04", "end": "00:54:09", "text": "Empire. Antigonos, aware of the impending challenges in the east,"}, {"start": "00:54:09", "end": "00:54:17", "text": "initiated negotiations with Cassander and Lissimakos. Meanwhile, his sat traps, Niconor of"}, {"start": "00:54:17", "end": "00:54:24", "text": "Media and Yuagaras of Arya, assembled 17,000 troops and began moving toward"}, {"start": "00:54:24", "end": "00:54:32", "text": "him. Boyed by his victory in Babylon, Selos gathered 3,000 infantry and 400"}, {"start": "00:54:32", "end": "00:54:40", "text": "cavalry, advancing into the marshes of the Tigris to intercept the two satraps before they could unite with Antigonos."}, {"start": "00:54:40", "end": "00:54:47", "text": "When Niconor and Yuagoras arrived at the banks of the Tigris, they were unaware that Salucos was still"}, {"start": "00:54:47", "end": "00:54:52", "text": "nearby. He ordered his men to set up camp for the night, waiting until"}, {"start": "00:54:52", "end": "00:54:58", "text": "darkness fell. Under the cover of night, Silucos attacked Niconor's poorly"}, {"start": "00:54:58", "end": "00:55:05", "text": "defended stockade, launching a massacre. In the chaos, Yuagoras was killed,"}, {"start": "00:55:05", "end": "00:55:12", "text": "prompting the Persian soldiers under his command to switch allegiances. Niconor, with only a few"}, {"start": "00:55:12", "end": "00:55:19", "text": "remaining allies, fled, leaving Salucos in control of Media and Dam. As turmoil"}, {"start": "00:55:19", "end": "00:55:25", "text": "continued in the east, Antigonos was preoccupied with diplomatic negotiations."}, {"start": "00:55:25", "end": "00:55:30", "text": "Tammy joined the discussions with the other diodoki resulting in the formation of"}, {"start": "00:55:30", "end": "00:55:38", "text": "the peace of the dinasts. According to the terms of the treaty, Cassander received Macedonia and Thessali along"}, {"start": "00:55:38", "end": "00:55:43", "text": "with the right to garrison Greek cities which were now considered independent by"}, {"start": "00:55:43", "end": "00:55:49", "text": "all parties. Lissimacos retained control of Thrace while Talamy solidified his"}, {"start": "00:55:49", "end": "00:55:56", "text": "hold over Cyprus and Egypt. Antiggonos meanwhile retained control of the rest"}, {"start": "00:55:56", "end": "00:56:03", "text": "with his stronghold in Phoenicia, Asia Minor and Syria. It was also agreed that"}, {"start": "00:56:03", "end": "00:56:08", "text": "Alexander IVth, son of Roxanna and Alexander III, would take the throne"}, {"start": "00:56:08", "end": "00:56:14", "text": "once he came of age. However, fearing that the son of the great conqueror"}, {"start": "00:56:14", "end": "00:56:21", "text": "would become a threat to his own rule, Cassander secretly ordered his assassination and had his body"}, {"start": "00:56:21", "end": "00:56:27", "text": "concealed. Thus, the last of the Arg dynasty, the son of Alexander and"}, {"start": "00:56:27", "end": "00:56:33", "text": "grandson of Philillip, was lost to history. Roxanna, too, was killed."}, {"start": "00:56:33", "end": "00:56:40", "text": "Cassander kept these deaths secret, claiming to rule as a regent for Alexander's bloodline rather than openly"}, {"start": "00:56:40", "end": "00:56:47", "text": "as a usurper. One key figure was notably excluded from the peace of the dynasts."}, {"start": "00:56:47", "end": "00:56:53", "text": "Silucos who had now assumed the title of Nikatur or the victorious. He had taken"}, {"start": "00:56:53", "end": "00:56:59", "text": "control of Arya and Persia with only Sdana and Bactria left outside his"}, {"start": "00:56:59", "end": "00:57:04", "text": "reach. Though the third war of the diodoki had come to an end, the balance"}, {"start": "00:57:04", "end": "00:57:12", "text": "of power between the former generals of Alexander remained highly volatile. Antiggonos, determined to"}, {"start": "00:57:12", "end": "00:57:17", "text": "conquer the east once again, began preparing to retake Babylon, while"}, {"start": "00:57:17", "end": "00:57:22", "text": "Salucos spread rumors that Alexander himself had appeared to him in a dream,"}, {"start": "00:57:22", "end": "00:57:29", "text": "declaring him king. The tension between the two was palpable, and with Sabers's rattling,"}, {"start": "00:57:29", "end": "00:57:36", "text": "war seemed inevitable once more. As the third war of the Diodoki came to an end,"}, {"start": "00:57:36", "end": "00:57:42", "text": "no one yet knew that Cassander had secretly murdered Alexander's heir. The"}, {"start": "00:57:42", "end": "00:57:50", "text": "generals had managed to construct a fragile peace among themselves, but tensions simmerred beneath the surface."}, {"start": "00:57:50", "end": "00:57:58", "text": "Antiggonos, now the ruler of Asia Minor and the Levant, had successfully secured his borders against Tammy to the south"}, {"start": "00:57:58", "end": "00:58:04", "text": "and Cassander and Lissimakos to the west. However, a new and unexpected"}, {"start": "00:58:04", "end": "00:58:11", "text": "power was rising in the east. Salucos, now bearing the title Nicatur, the"}, {"start": "00:58:11", "end": "00:58:18", "text": "victorious, was systematically conquering the vast and wealthy lands of Persia. This was an affront that"}, {"start": "00:58:18", "end": "00:58:23", "text": "Antigonos could not tolerate. A clash between the two was inevitable and"}, {"start": "00:58:23", "end": "00:58:30", "text": "Babylon would become the decisive battleground for control of Persia and Mesopotamia. Salucos embarked on an"}, {"start": "00:58:30", "end": "00:58:36", "text": "ambitious campaign to consolidate power in the east. With Niconor's army"}, {"start": "00:58:36", "end": "00:58:42", "text": "defeated, no other force remained to oppose him. His strategy was not solely"}, {"start": "00:58:42", "end": "00:58:48", "text": "based on conquest, but also on forging alliances with friendly sat traps."}, {"start": "00:58:48", "end": "00:58:54", "text": "Ensuring that his control was both military and diplomatic. Alarmed by Salucos's growing"}, {"start": "00:58:54", "end": "00:59:01", "text": "influence, Antiggonos dispatched his son Demetrios to Babylon to reassert"}, {"start": "00:59:01", "end": "00:59:07", "text": "control. Demetrius arrived at the head of an army 19,000 strong, determined to"}, {"start": "00:59:07", "end": "00:59:13", "text": "rest the city from Salucos's grasp. In Salucos's absence, the defense of"}, {"start": "00:59:13", "end": "00:59:18", "text": "Babylon was entrusted to his loyal commander, Petroles, who commanded a"}, {"start": "00:59:18", "end": "00:59:25", "text": "modest garrison, likely numbering a few thousand men. Demetrios reached Babylon"}, {"start": "00:59:25", "end": "00:59:31", "text": "in early spring of 310 BC. The city's defenses were unconventional. Rather"}, {"start": "00:59:31", "end": "00:59:38", "text": "than relying on a single fortified perimeter, Babylon was defended by two strong fortresses where Salucos had"}, {"start": "00:59:38", "end": "00:59:43", "text": "stationed his forces. Furthermore, the civilian population had been evacuated"}, {"start": "00:59:43", "end": "00:59:48", "text": "and the surrounding terrain of swamps, canals, and rivers provided natural"}, {"start": "00:59:48", "end": "00:59:53", "text": "defensive barriers. Demetrios laid siege to the fortresses and successfully"}, {"start": "00:59:53", "end": "00:59:58", "text": "captured one. But the second proved a more formidable challenge. Rather than"}, {"start": "00:59:58", "end": "01:00:04", "text": "committing further resources, Demetrius left his left tenant Archelaus to"}, {"start": "01:00:04", "end": "01:00:10", "text": "continue the siege while he returned west, leaving 6,000 troops to hold the"}, {"start": "01:00:10", "end": "01:00:16", "text": "city. Meanwhile, Salucos had solidified his control over large portions of"}, {"start": "01:00:16", "end": "01:00:23", "text": "Persia. With the support of local satraps, he assembled a formidable army and marched westward to reclaim his"}, {"start": "01:00:23", "end": "01:00:29", "text": "capital. Upon his arrival, Salucos swiftly drove Archelaus from the city,"}, {"start": "01:00:29", "end": "01:00:36", "text": "reestablishing his authority. Recognizing the growing threat, Antigonos resolved to confront Salucos"}, {"start": "01:00:36", "end": "01:00:42", "text": "personally. If Salucos were allowed to further entrench himself, he could threaten Antigonos's dominion over the"}, {"start": "01:00:42", "end": "01:00:49", "text": "east. With this in mind, Antiggonos mustered a massive army of 75,000 men"}, {"start": "01:00:49", "end": "01:00:58", "text": "and set out for Babylon in the autumn of 310 BC. By January of 309 BC, Antigonos's forces"}, {"start": "01:00:58", "end": "01:01:03", "text": "reached the outskirts of Babylon. Unlike the previous engagement,"}, {"start": "01:01:03", "end": "01:01:08", "text": "Salucos opted for a different defensive strategy. Instead of retreating into the"}, {"start": "01:01:08", "end": "01:01:14", "text": "citadel, his forces occupied and fortified the entire city, leaving no"}, {"start": "01:01:14", "end": "01:01:19", "text": "portion undefended. from his command center within the"}, {"start": "01:01:19", "end": "01:01:26", "text": "citadel. Salucos orchestrated Babylon's defense as Antigonos laid siege to the"}, {"start": "01:01:26", "end": "01:01:31", "text": "city. The battle commenced with fierce fighting as Antigonos's troops broke"}, {"start": "01:01:31", "end": "01:01:37", "text": "through the outer defenses and stormed the city streets. Despite being vastly"}, {"start": "01:01:37", "end": "01:01:43", "text": "outnumbered, Salucos's forces resisted stubbornly, retreating gradually toward"}, {"start": "01:01:43", "end": "01:01:48", "text": "the citadel. Antiggonos launched repeated assaults on the citadel, but"}, {"start": "01:01:48", "end": "01:01:54", "text": "failed to breach its defenses. Facing mounting casualties and realizing a"}, {"start": "01:01:54", "end": "01:02:00", "text": "decisive victory was unattainable, Antiggonos withdrew his army from the"}, {"start": "01:02:00", "end": "01:02:05", "text": "city and took to the countryside. Assessing the precarious"}, {"start": "01:02:05", "end": "01:02:11", "text": "situation, Salucos decided to conduct a tactical retreat. Abandoning Babylon in"}, {"start": "01:02:11", "end": "01:02:17", "text": "a calculated move to regroup and adjust his strategy. With Salucos gone,"}, {"start": "01:02:17", "end": "01:02:23", "text": "Antiggonos declared himself the master of Babylon. To solidify his hold over"}, {"start": "01:02:23", "end": "01:02:28", "text": "the region, he installed Archalos as Satrap, tasked with bringing order to"}, {"start": "01:02:28", "end": "01:02:34", "text": "the volatile territory. Despite this temporary setback, Salucos"}, {"start": "01:02:34", "end": "01:02:40", "text": "refused to concede defeat. Antiggonos embarked on a campaign of devastation,"}, {"start": "01:02:40", "end": "01:02:46", "text": "pillaging and burning much of the surrounding land. This forced Salucos,"}, {"start": "01:02:46", "end": "01:02:51", "text": "who had been relying on guerilla tactics to compensate for his smaller force, to"}, {"start": "01:02:51", "end": "01:02:58", "text": "abandon his strategy of attrition and face Antigonos in open battle. In August"}, {"start": "01:02:58", "end": "01:03:04", "text": "of 309 BC, the two armies met on the battlefield. Antiggonos sought to"}, {"start": "01:03:04", "end": "01:03:10", "text": "overwhelm Salucos with sheer numbers, aiming for a decisive victory. However,"}, {"start": "01:03:10", "end": "01:03:18", "text": "Salucos masterfully utilized the terrain to prevent the Antigonid army from outflanking him. The battle raged"}, {"start": "01:03:18", "end": "01:03:24", "text": "throughout the day, yet neither side managed to gain a clear advantage. As"}, {"start": "01:03:24", "end": "01:03:30", "text": "night fell, both armies withdrew to their camps. Antiggonos men disarmed and"}, {"start": "01:03:30", "end": "01:03:35", "text": "slept while Salucos ordered his troops to remain ready and rest in formation."}, {"start": "01:03:35", "end": "01:03:41", "text": "At dawn, before the Antiggonid troops could properly rouse themselves, Salucos"}, {"start": "01:03:41", "end": "01:03:46", "text": "launched a surprise attack. His wellorganized failanks surged forward,"}, {"start": "01:03:46", "end": "01:03:51", "text": "catching the enemy completely unprepared. The Antiggonid army was swiftly thrown"}, {"start": "01:03:51", "end": "01:03:57", "text": "into chaos and routed. The battle ended in utter defeat for Antiggonos who"}, {"start": "01:03:57", "end": "01:04:03", "text": "suffered heavy losses. He barely managed to escape with a fraction of his forces,"}, {"start": "01:04:03", "end": "01:04:09", "text": "retreating from Babylonia to Syria. With his triumph secured, Salucos re-entered"}, {"start": "01:04:09", "end": "01:04:15", "text": "Babylon as its undisputed ruler. Despite this crushing defeat, Antiggonos"}, {"start": "01:04:15", "end": "01:04:21", "text": "was not yet finished. Though he had lost nearly 2/3 of his empire, his power"}, {"start": "01:04:21", "end": "01:04:27", "text": "remained formidable. The fragile balance of power among the diodoki was about to"}, {"start": "01:04:27", "end": "01:04:35", "text": "be shattered once more. As the rival kings prepared for what would be the most devastating and consequential war"}, {"start": "01:04:35", "end": "01:04:41", "text": "yet, a war that would bring both unprecedented destruction and remarkable"}, {"start": "01:04:41", "end": "01:04:47", "text": "triumphs. The Antigonid's defeat in the Babylonian"}, {"start": "01:04:47", "end": "01:04:53", "text": "war resulted in the loss of the east to Salucas. Despite this setback,"}, {"start": "01:04:53", "end": "01:04:59", "text": "Antiggonus remained at the height of his power. After returning to Syria, he set"}, {"start": "01:04:59", "end": "01:05:06", "text": "his sights on renewing war against the Western Coalition, leading to a decisive battle that would forever alter history."}, {"start": "01:05:06", "end": "01:05:13", "text": "Meanwhile, from Egypt, Tommy focused on securing his naval dominance, ensuring"}, {"start": "01:05:13", "end": "01:05:18", "text": "the Antiggonid fleet would never challenge him again. He moved to"}, {"start": "01:05:18", "end": "01:05:24", "text": "consolidate control over Cyprus, an island whose city kingdoms held varying"}, {"start": "01:05:24", "end": "01:05:32", "text": "loyalties, a pattern dating back to the Ionian revolt. Some rulers such as Nikokan of Salamis,"}, {"start": "01:05:32", "end": "01:05:38", "text": "modern-day Famagusta, welcomed him, while others like the king of Marion in"}, {"start": "01:05:38", "end": "01:05:45", "text": "the Akamas forests remained loyal to Antigonus. In response, Tommy raised"}, {"start": "01:05:45", "end": "01:05:51", "text": "Marian and dismantled Cypress's city kingdoms, appointing Nicocrian as the"}, {"start": "01:05:51", "end": "01:05:58", "text": "island's governor. With Cyprus secured, Tommy turned to the Cyclades where he"}, {"start": "01:05:58", "end": "01:06:05", "text": "guaranteed the independence of the island citystates and reestablished the Nessiotic League, a confederation now"}, {"start": "01:06:05", "end": "01:06:12", "text": "loyal to him. He then landed in Corinth, proclaiming the autonomy of its cities,"}, {"start": "01:06:12", "end": "01:06:19", "text": "which directly threatened Cassander, for Corinth was under his control. Tensions"}, {"start": "01:06:19", "end": "01:06:27", "text": "between Tommy and Cassander escalated, but upon learning of Antiggonus's struggles in the east, they opted for"}, {"start": "01:06:27", "end": "01:06:33", "text": "diplomacy. Tommy withdrew to Egypt, forming an alliance with Cassander and"}, {"start": "01:06:33", "end": "01:06:38", "text": "Lissameus against Antigonus. Upon his return to Syria,"}, {"start": "01:06:38", "end": "01:06:46", "text": "Antiggonus quickly recognized the strategic threat Cyprus posed if it remained under Tomic control."}, {"start": "01:06:46", "end": "01:06:53", "text": "However, fearing Cassander's intervention, he first turned his attention to the Agian. To undermine"}, {"start": "01:06:53", "end": "01:06:59", "text": "Cassander, he sent Alexander the Great's illegitimate son, Heracles, and his"}, {"start": "01:06:59", "end": "01:07:06", "text": "mother, Barin, to his former ally, Poly Pers, in the Pelponies, hoping the old"}, {"start": "01:07:06", "end": "01:07:13", "text": "general would use the young heir to rally opposition against Cassander. But Cassander convinced"}, {"start": "01:07:13", "end": "01:07:19", "text": "Polipon to side with him. leading to the murder of Heracles and"}, {"start": "01:07:19", "end": "01:07:25", "text": "Barisine. With his diplomatic maneuver failing, Antiggonus took direct action"}, {"start": "01:07:25", "end": "01:07:31", "text": "in 308 BC, ordering his son Demetrius to"}, {"start": "01:07:31", "end": "01:07:37", "text": "advance into Greece and assert control over the Helenic city states. Eager to"}, {"start": "01:07:37", "end": "01:07:45", "text": "restore their dominance after the Babylonian defeat, Antiggonus and Demetrius preemptively invaded Greece."}, {"start": "01:07:45", "end": "01:07:52", "text": "Capitalizing on the widespread anti-massedonian sentiment among the polles. Crossing from Asia Minor into"}, {"start": "01:07:52", "end": "01:07:58", "text": "the Aian, Demetrius arrived in Athens, expelling the Macedonian garrison and"}, {"start": "01:07:58", "end": "01:08:04", "text": "its governor, Demetrius of Faleron. In gratitude, the Athenians reinstated"}, {"start": "01:08:04", "end": "01:08:09", "text": "their democracy, pledged loyalty to Antigonus, and began rebuilding their"}, {"start": "01:08:09", "end": "01:08:15", "text": "navy. They also honored Antigonus and Demetrius with the title Theo Sotier,"}, {"start": "01:08:15", "end": "01:08:22", "text": "Savior Gods. The success of Demetrius's campaign sparked widespread rebellion"}, {"start": "01:08:22", "end": "01:08:27", "text": "against Cassander, significantly weakening his control. It would take him"}, {"start": "01:08:27", "end": "01:08:32", "text": "four years to restore order in Greece, leaving him unable to assist Tommy, who"}, {"start": "01:08:32", "end": "01:08:39", "text": "now had to face Antiggonus's aggression alone. Antiggonus's next objective was the"}, {"start": "01:08:39", "end": "01:08:45", "text": "strategically vital island of Cyprus. Capturing it would not only deal a"}, {"start": "01:08:45", "end": "01:08:50", "text": "severe blow to Tollmy's prestige but also hinder his ability to launch raids"}, {"start": "01:08:50", "end": "01:08:57", "text": "into Asia Minor. In the spring of 306 BC, Demetrius, following his father's"}, {"start": "01:08:57", "end": "01:09:03", "text": "orders, set sail from Athens with a formidable force. Cypress's importance"}, {"start": "01:09:03", "end": "01:09:09", "text": "was immense. It was a gateway to both Asia Minor and Egypt, making it a prime"}, {"start": "01:09:09", "end": "01:09:14", "text": "location for launching naval operations. Talmy's power on the island"}, {"start": "01:09:14", "end": "01:09:21", "text": "was concentrated in Salamis, governed by his brother Menaaus. Demetrius landed on"}, {"start": "01:09:21", "end": "01:09:27", "text": "Carpathia in the northeast, swiftly capturing the cities of Carpacia and"}, {"start": "01:09:27", "end": "01:09:33", "text": "Durania. He left his fleet stationed at the peninsula's tip, while Menaaus,"}, {"start": "01:09:33", "end": "01:09:39", "text": "determined to prevent Demetrius from reaching Salamis, led his forces out to"}, {"start": "01:09:39", "end": "01:09:45", "text": "meet him in open battle 5 mi from the city. The clash was brief but decisive."}, {"start": "01:09:45", "end": "01:09:50", "text": "Menaaus suffered a defeat and retreated behind Salamus's walls, where Demetrius"}, {"start": "01:09:50", "end": "01:09:56", "text": "laid siege, blockading the port with his fleet. Recognizing the urgency, Menaaus"}, {"start": "01:09:56", "end": "01:10:01", "text": "called for reinforcements from his brother. Tommy personally set sail from"}, {"start": "01:10:01", "end": "01:10:08", "text": "Alexandria, leading a grand fleet of 140 warships and 10,000 troops aboard 200"}, {"start": "01:10:08", "end": "01:10:15", "text": "transports. He gathered additional reinforcements along the way before arriving in Kiton."}, {"start": "01:10:15", "end": "01:10:22", "text": "there. He instructed Menaaus to send his fleet out of Salamus to join him, believing their combined forces would be"}, {"start": "01:10:22", "end": "01:10:28", "text": "too great for Demetrius to handle. However, Demetrius learned of Tomy's"}, {"start": "01:10:28", "end": "01:10:33", "text": "plan and acted swiftly. He dispatched 10 ships to reinforce the blockade at"}, {"start": "01:10:33", "end": "01:10:38", "text": "Salamus' harbor entrance, preventing Menaus's fleet from escaping. By"}, {"start": "01:10:38", "end": "01:10:46", "text": "morning, when no TMIC ships emerged, Tommy realized his strategy had failed."}, {"start": "01:10:46", "end": "01:10:51", "text": "Left with no choice, he prepared for a direct confrontation. But Tommy sailed"}, {"start": "01:10:51", "end": "01:10:57", "text": "around Cape Podellion to engage Demetrius, who positioned his fleet"}, {"start": "01:10:57", "end": "01:11:04", "text": "strategically. On the left flank, he deployed his heaviest warships in a double line, placing himself at the"}, {"start": "01:11:04", "end": "01:11:11", "text": "front. The center and right were formed in a single line. Tommy mirrored this"}, {"start": "01:11:11", "end": "01:11:17", "text": "formation, hoping to break Demetrius right flank first and encircle his"}, {"start": "01:11:17", "end": "01:11:23", "text": "forces. Tension filled the air as both sides braced for battle. Then Demetrius"}, {"start": "01:11:23", "end": "01:11:29", "text": "and his admiral Medios launched their assault. The Antigonid left clashed"}, {"start": "01:11:29", "end": "01:11:36", "text": "fiercely with the Tmic right where Demetrius's siege equipped warships battered the enemy, quickly breaking"}, {"start": "01:11:36", "end": "01:11:42", "text": "through. Meanwhile, Tammy's left advanced rapidly, shattering the"}, {"start": "01:11:42", "end": "01:11:47", "text": "Antiggonid right. However, Demetrius's victorious left flank turned inward,"}, {"start": "01:11:47", "end": "01:11:53", "text": "striking the enemy's center. At the same time, Menaaus's ships attempted to break"}, {"start": "01:11:53", "end": "01:11:58", "text": "through the blockade. Tommy, seeing his center on the verge of collapse, turned"}, {"start": "01:11:58", "end": "01:12:04", "text": "to rally his forces, only to realize his fleet was already in full retreat."}, {"start": "01:12:04", "end": "01:12:09", "text": "Accepting defeat, he withdrew from the battle. By the time Menaaus managed to"}, {"start": "01:12:09", "end": "01:12:17", "text": "breach the blockade, Tommy had already abandoned the fight. The battle of Salamus ended in a resounding Antiggonid"}, {"start": "01:12:17", "end": "01:12:23", "text": "victory. Demetrius captured 40 warships and 100 supply vessels from Tammy's"}, {"start": "01:12:23", "end": "01:12:30", "text": "forces. Menaaus fled to Alexandria while Salamus, now defenseless, surrendered."}, {"start": "01:12:30", "end": "01:12:37", "text": "Over 16,000 infantry and 600 cavalry were taken prisoner, many of whom chose"}, {"start": "01:12:37", "end": "01:12:43", "text": "to join Demetrius's ranks. The Antiggonid losses were minimal, only"}, {"start": "01:12:43", "end": "01:12:49", "text": "about 20 ships. But for Tammy and Menaaus, the defeat was far more"}, {"start": "01:12:49", "end": "01:12:54", "text": "significant. They had lost more than just a battle. They had lost"}, {"start": "01:12:54", "end": "01:13:00", "text": "Cyprus. When news of the triumph at Salamis reached Antigonus in Syria, he"}, {"start": "01:13:00", "end": "01:13:06", "text": "formally declared himself king as the Macedonian throne had remained vacant"}, {"start": "01:13:06", "end": "01:13:11", "text": "since Cassander orchestrated the murder of Alexander IV of Macedon years"}, {"start": "01:13:11", "end": "01:13:19", "text": "earlier. At the same time, Demetrius was elevated to co-ing alongside his father."}, {"start": "01:13:19", "end": "01:13:24", "text": "This proclamation was quickly followed by other dynasts adopting royal titles."}, {"start": "01:13:24", "end": "01:13:32", "text": "Following the naval victory at Salamus, Tomy's holdings were left largely exposed. With his entire fleet destroyed"}, {"start": "01:13:32", "end": "01:13:39", "text": "and his land forces significantly weakened, Antiggonus seized the moment."}, {"start": "01:13:39", "end": "01:13:44", "text": "He recalled Demetrius's navy and initiated plans for an invasion of"}, {"start": "01:13:44", "end": "01:13:50", "text": "Egypt. Thus, father and son set their sights on Egypt. Antiggonous mustered"}, {"start": "01:13:50", "end": "01:13:56", "text": "90,000 troops in his capital while Demetrius gathered his fleet and set"}, {"start": "01:13:56", "end": "01:14:02", "text": "sail, moving southward from Asia Minor. Their forces advanced through the Levant"}, {"start": "01:14:02", "end": "01:14:07", "text": "toward Egypt. Eventually, they arrived at Paloo"}, {"start": "01:14:07", "end": "01:14:12", "text": "only to find Tommy stationed across the river with his army, fully prepared to"}, {"start": "01:14:12", "end": "01:14:21", "text": "resist them. Recalling Perdicus's disastrous attempt to cross the Nile 15 years earlier,"}, {"start": "01:14:21", "end": "01:14:27", "text": "Antigonus opted against a direct assault and instead sought an alternative crossing further"}, {"start": "01:14:27", "end": "01:14:33", "text": "upstream. However, after assessing the risks, he decided to withdraw without"}, {"start": "01:14:33", "end": "01:14:39", "text": "engaging in battle. For the moment, Talmy's rule was secured. Despite this"}, {"start": "01:14:39", "end": "01:14:45", "text": "setback, the war was far from over. Though Antigonus and Demetrius"}, {"start": "01:14:45", "end": "01:14:52", "text": "controlled Asia Minor and the Levant, the island of roads remained neutral while maintaining friendly ties with"}, {"start": "01:14:52", "end": "01:14:57", "text": "Tammy. Seeing this as an obstacle, Antigonus ordered Demetrius to sail"}, {"start": "01:14:57", "end": "01:15:04", "text": "forth and subdue the island. Demetrius landed at roads in 305 BC, leading an"}, {"start": "01:15:04", "end": "01:15:11", "text": "army of approximately 40,000 troops. The Rhodians, by contrast, could only muster"}, {"start": "01:15:11", "end": "01:15:17", "text": "6,000 citizen soldiers, 1,000 foreign mercenaries, and an unspecified number"}, {"start": "01:15:17", "end": "01:15:24", "text": "of enslaved laborers. To support the siege, Demetrius constructed his own"}, {"start": "01:15:24", "end": "01:15:29", "text": "harbor, adjacent to the city's main port, and established a fortified"}, {"start": "01:15:29", "end": "01:15:34", "text": "encampment for his primary force. However, Roads's formidable defenses"}, {"start": "01:15:34", "end": "01:15:39", "text": "made it difficult to enforce a full blockade, allowing supply ships to"}, {"start": "01:15:39", "end": "01:15:45", "text": "breach his lines and deliver reinforcements from other Diodoki"}, {"start": "01:15:45", "end": "01:15:52", "text": "factions. Recognizing the strategic importance of capturing the harbor, Demetrius launched multiple assaults,"}, {"start": "01:15:52", "end": "01:16:00", "text": "yet each failed to achieve meaningful success, forcing him to attempt a land-based offensive instead."}, {"start": "01:16:00", "end": "01:16:05", "text": "Demetrius's forces successfully breached the walls and a contingent managed to"}, {"start": "01:16:05", "end": "01:16:10", "text": "infiltrate the city. However, before they could consolidate their gains, the"}, {"start": "01:16:10", "end": "01:16:19", "text": "Rodians launched a fierce counterattack, driving out the invaders and either killing or capturing them. Despite this"}, {"start": "01:16:19", "end": "01:16:25", "text": "opening, Demetrius refrained from pressing the assault, granting the defenders time to repair their"}, {"start": "01:16:25", "end": "01:16:33", "text": "fortifications. The siege dragged on for a year before Antigonus recognizing its futility"}, {"start": "01:16:33", "end": "01:16:41", "text": "ordered Demetrius to withdraw. In 304 BC, a peace treaty was brokered in which"}, {"start": "01:16:41", "end": "01:16:48", "text": "roads pledged allegiance to Antigonus and Demetrius while maintaining its alliance with Tommy. Despite"}, {"start": "01:16:48", "end": "01:16:57", "text": "Antiggonus's attempts to frame the campaign as a grand victory, its outcome was widely regarded as inconclusive."}, {"start": "01:16:57", "end": "01:17:02", "text": "However, it did achieve one critical objective. Demetrius was now free to"}, {"start": "01:17:02", "end": "01:17:10", "text": "direct his forces against Cassander in Greece. By the autumn of 304 BC,"}, {"start": "01:17:10", "end": "01:17:16", "text": "Demetrius set sail for Greece. Cassander had spent the previous years reasserting"}, {"start": "01:17:16", "end": "01:17:24", "text": "his dominance over much of the region and was laying siege to Athens when Demetrius arrived. Forced to abandon the"}, {"start": "01:17:24", "end": "01:17:29", "text": "siege, Cassander withdrew northward as Demetrius pressed forward, liberating"}, {"start": "01:17:29", "end": "01:17:35", "text": "cities along the way. He swiftly secured Corinth and most of the Pelpineese,"}, {"start": "01:17:35", "end": "01:17:43", "text": "where he established a league of Greek cities modeled after the one formed by Philip II. Under its terms, the member"}, {"start": "01:17:43", "end": "01:17:48", "text": "states remained autonomous, though Demetrius was appointed their supreme"}, {"start": "01:17:48", "end": "01:17:54", "text": "general with the power to levy troops. Fearing that Demetrius's continued"}, {"start": "01:17:54", "end": "01:18:01", "text": "successes might undermine his rule entirely, Cassander sought peace in 302"}, {"start": "01:18:01", "end": "01:18:08", "text": "BC. However, emboldened by his victories, Demetrius, alongside"}, {"start": "01:18:08", "end": "01:18:13", "text": "Antigonus, remained confident in their ability to force Cassander's total"}, {"start": "01:18:13", "end": "01:18:20", "text": "surrender, an outcome Cassander refused to accept. He thus convened with"}, {"start": "01:18:20", "end": "01:18:25", "text": "Lissimacus and together they devised a plan to counter the Antiggonid threat."}, {"start": "01:18:25", "end": "01:18:33", "text": "They also reached out to Tolly and Salucus urging them to join their alliance against Antiggonus. Taking the"}, {"start": "01:18:33", "end": "01:18:41", "text": "initiative, Cassander dispatched a substantial portion of his forces to support Lissus' invasion of Asia Minor,"}, {"start": "01:18:41", "end": "01:18:48", "text": "while he himself led the remaining Macedonian army into Thessal Demetrius's"}, {"start": "01:18:48", "end": "01:18:54", "text": "advance. Near the town of Halos, the two forces engaged in a prolonged standoff,"}, {"start": "01:18:54", "end": "01:19:00", "text": "each constructing fortified camps and carefully observing the other without committing to battle."}, {"start": "01:19:00", "end": "01:19:06", "text": "Meanwhile, in 302 BC, Lysmakus crossed the"}, {"start": "01:19:06", "end": "01:19:14", "text": "Hellellispond while Antiggonus was occupied in Syria, aiming to overrun Asia Minor. His forces quickly seized"}, {"start": "01:19:14", "end": "01:19:20", "text": "the city of Sigean, compelling most of Trrowass to surrender, except for the"}, {"start": "01:19:20", "end": "01:19:26", "text": "strategically vital port of Abidos. While laying siege to Abidos, he"}, {"start": "01:19:26", "end": "01:19:32", "text": "dispatched Cassander's general Prepos to attack Gionia. Despite Demetrius's"}, {"start": "01:19:32", "end": "01:19:38", "text": "absence, his fleet successfully reinforced the defenders of Abidos, forcing Lissameakus to abandon the"}, {"start": "01:19:38", "end": "01:19:44", "text": "siege. Undeterred, Lissameus continued south, capturing Dacilium and securing"}, {"start": "01:19:44", "end": "01:19:50", "text": "control over most of Helispontene Friia before advancing deeper into Anatolia."}, {"start": "01:19:50", "end": "01:19:57", "text": "At the same time, Prepile had conquered much of Ionia, culminating in the capture of Sardis, a crucial"}, {"start": "01:19:57", "end": "01:20:05", "text": "administrative center. When Antigonus learned of the invasion from his capital at Antigonia, he wasted no time and"}, {"start": "01:20:05", "end": "01:20:10", "text": "marched northward. Lissimacus, recognizing the danger of direct"}, {"start": "01:20:10", "end": "01:20:15", "text": "confrontation, opted for a defensive strategy, awaiting reinforcements from"}, {"start": "01:20:15", "end": "01:20:22", "text": "his allies. Upon reaching Lissimacus' position, Antigonus offered battle, but"}, {"start": "01:20:22", "end": "01:20:29", "text": "the opposing forces remained inside their fortified encampment. In response, Antiggonus"}, {"start": "01:20:29", "end": "01:20:36", "text": "moved to cut off their supply lines, forcing Lissameus to withdraw under the cover of night, retreating northward to"}, {"start": "01:20:36", "end": "01:20:42", "text": "Doran. There he constructed a heavily fortified"}, {"start": "01:20:42", "end": "01:20:48", "text": "triple palisadated camp in the hills, ensuring access to fresh provisions."}, {"start": "01:20:48", "end": "01:20:56", "text": "Antiggonous closely pursuing laid siege to the new position. As food supplies dwindled and"}, {"start": "01:20:56", "end": "01:21:03", "text": "the siege works neared completion, Lissameus once again executed a strategic withdrawal under the cover of"}, {"start": "01:21:03", "end": "01:21:09", "text": "a storm. Though Antiggonus attempted to follow, worsening weather conditions and"}, {"start": "01:21:09", "end": "01:21:15", "text": "the onset of winter forced him to call off the pursuit. He instead dispersed"}, {"start": "01:21:15", "end": "01:21:21", "text": "his troops into winter quarters while Lissameus' army sought refuge in"}, {"start": "01:21:21", "end": "01:21:26", "text": "Heraclea Bethnia. Meanwhile, to the east, Salucas had"}, {"start": "01:21:26", "end": "01:21:32", "text": "launched a campaign in 305 BC, subjugating Stasnor and securing the"}, {"start": "01:21:32", "end": "01:21:39", "text": "vast territory of Bactria. Soon after, news reached him of Chandra Gupta Moria's invasion of the"}, {"start": "01:21:39", "end": "01:21:45", "text": "Indus region. In response, Salucas mounted an expedition to reclaim the"}, {"start": "01:21:45", "end": "01:21:52", "text": "lost lands west of the river. However, his campaign faltered upon encountering"}, {"start": "01:21:52", "end": "01:21:57", "text": "Chandra Gupta's formidable forces, leading to a treaty in 303"}, {"start": "01:21:57", "end": "01:22:03", "text": "BC. Salucas seated the contested territories in exchange for stability"}, {"start": "01:22:03", "end": "01:22:09", "text": "along his eastern frontier and 500 Indian war elephants. With his eastern"}, {"start": "01:22:09", "end": "01:22:14", "text": "flank secure, Salucas now turned his attention westward. Antiggonus,"}, {"start": "01:22:14", "end": "01:22:20", "text": "meanwhile, had barely settled his troops for winter when reports arrived of"}, {"start": "01:22:20", "end": "01:22:26", "text": "Salucas's imminent march to support Lissimachus. Realizing the gravity of"}, {"start": "01:22:26", "end": "01:22:32", "text": "the situation, Antiggonus urgently recalled Demetrius, ordering him to"}, {"start": "01:22:32", "end": "01:22:38", "text": "reinforce the campaign in Asia. Hastily securing a truce with Cassander,"}, {"start": "01:22:38", "end": "01:22:45", "text": "Demetrius embarked across the Agian, landing in Ephesus before marching north toward the Helispont, where he too"}, {"start": "01:22:45", "end": "01:22:52", "text": "placed his forces in winter quarters. With Demetrius absent, Cassander saw an"}, {"start": "01:22:52", "end": "01:22:58", "text": "opportunity to send additional reinforcements to Lissimachus, entrusting the command to"}, {"start": "01:22:58", "end": "01:23:06", "text": "his brother, Plearus. However, since Demetrius was closely guarding the main crossing points at the"}, {"start": "01:23:06", "end": "01:23:12", "text": "Helispond and the Boss Forest, Plearkus attempted to transport his troops"}, {"start": "01:23:12", "end": "01:23:18", "text": "directly across the Black Sea to Heraclea. Due to a shortage of ships,"}, {"start": "01:23:18", "end": "01:23:23", "text": "the men had to be fed in separate waves. The first group successfully reached"}, {"start": "01:23:23", "end": "01:23:29", "text": "their destination, but the second was intercepted and destroyed by Demetrius's"}, {"start": "01:23:29", "end": "01:23:35", "text": "fleet, while the third was caught in a violent storm and wrecked. Plearkcus"}, {"start": "01:23:35", "end": "01:23:43", "text": "barely survived the sinking of his command ship and was eventually carried to Heraclea, where he spent the winter"}, {"start": "01:23:43", "end": "01:23:49", "text": "recovering. Meanwhile, the concentration of Antiggonid forces in Asia gave Tommy"}, {"start": "01:23:49", "end": "01:23:54", "text": "the confidence to lead an army out of Egypt. He captured several cities in the"}, {"start": "01:23:54", "end": "01:24:01", "text": "southern Levant and laid siege to Sidon. However, he soon received false"}, {"start": "01:24:01", "end": "01:24:06", "text": "reports claiming that Antigonus had won a major victory and was marching south"}, {"start": "01:24:06", "end": "01:24:11", "text": "into Syria. Fearing an imminent counterattack, Tommy chose to garrison"}, {"start": "01:24:11", "end": "01:24:18", "text": "the cities he had taken and withdrew back into Egypt. Around the same time, Salucas"}, {"start": "01:24:18", "end": "01:24:25", "text": "finally completed his march from the eastern Satropes, arriving in Capidoshia with his army, which he then ordered"}, {"start": "01:24:25", "end": "01:24:32", "text": "into winter quarters. As spring arrived, Antiggonus and Demetrius began concentrating their"}, {"start": "01:24:32", "end": "01:24:39", "text": "forces near Sinada, while Lissameus and Salucas, eager for battle, did the"}, {"start": "01:24:39", "end": "01:24:46", "text": "same. Eventually, their armies met roughly 50 mi northeast of Sinada, near"}, {"start": "01:24:46", "end": "01:24:52", "text": "the small village of Ipsis. Before the battle, Antigonus' forces numbered"}, {"start": "01:24:52", "end": "01:25:00", "text": "approximately 70,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalry, and 75 war elephants. The"}, {"start": "01:25:00", "end": "01:25:07", "text": "majority of his troops were likely drawn from his army in Syria, as Demetrius's forces in Greece had no elephants and"}, {"start": "01:25:07", "end": "01:25:15", "text": "only about 1,500 cavalry. Although Demetrius commanded a sizable force of 56,000"}, {"start": "01:25:15", "end": "01:25:20", "text": "infantry in Greece, it remains uncertain how many of those troops accompanied him"}, {"start": "01:25:20", "end": "01:25:27", "text": "to Asia. Modern scholars estimate that of Antigonus's 70,000 infantry, around"}, {"start": "01:25:27", "end": "01:25:33", "text": "40,000 were felangites, while the remaining 30,000 consisted of various"}, {"start": "01:25:33", "end": "01:25:39", "text": "types of light infantry. The Allied forces consisting of Salucas,"}, {"start": "01:25:39", "end": "01:25:46", "text": "Lissameus, and their coalition fielded approximately 64,000 infantry,"}, {"start": "01:25:46", "end": "01:25:51", "text": "10,500 cavalry, 400 elephants, and 120"}, {"start": "01:25:51", "end": "01:25:57", "text": "sthed chariots. Experts estimate that out of the allies infantry, between"}, {"start": "01:25:57", "end": "01:26:04", "text": "30,000 and 40,000 were failites, with the remainder made up of lighter troops."}, {"start": "01:26:04", "end": "01:26:12", "text": "Both armies deployed in the traditional Macedonian battle formation, positioning their failanks at the center. Light"}, {"start": "01:26:12", "end": "01:26:18", "text": "infantry units were stationed at the front and flanks to serve as skirmishers"}, {"start": "01:26:18", "end": "01:26:23", "text": "with elephants interspersed among them. The cavalry was divided between the two"}, {"start": "01:26:23", "end": "01:26:28", "text": "wings. On the Antigonid side, Demetrius commanded the elite cavalry on the right"}, {"start": "01:26:28", "end": "01:26:37", "text": "wing while Antiggonus remained at the center with his personal guard. Opposing them, Salucas's son,"}, {"start": "01:26:37", "end": "01:26:42", "text": "Antiochus, led the cavalry on the left wing. Traditionally, the weaker flank"}, {"start": "01:26:42", "end": "01:26:49", "text": "meant for delaying actions. Salucas deployed some of his elephants at the front of the battle line, though"}, {"start": "01:26:49", "end": "01:26:55", "text": "estimates suggest he kept around 300 in reserve. The battle commenced with a"}, {"start": "01:26:55", "end": "01:27:00", "text": "clash between the elephants of both armies, neither side gaining a clear"}, {"start": "01:27:00", "end": "01:27:07", "text": "advantage. Seizing the initiative, Demetrius launched a cavalry assault against the Allied left wing under"}, {"start": "01:27:07", "end": "01:27:14", "text": "Antious. Despite Antiocus' best efforts, Demetrius's superior numbers and elite"}, {"start": "01:27:14", "end": "01:27:20", "text": "troops quickly routed the enemy cavalry. Hoping to secure a decisive victory,"}, {"start": "01:27:20", "end": "01:27:26", "text": "Demetrius pursued the fleeing allied horsemen. However, Salucas saw his"}, {"start": "01:27:26", "end": "01:27:33", "text": "opportunity and swiftly deployed 300 reserve elephants to block Demetrius's"}, {"start": "01:27:33", "end": "01:27:38", "text": "return. When Demetrius finally realized his mistake and turned back, he found"}, {"start": "01:27:38", "end": "01:27:45", "text": "himself effectively cut off from the battlefield. The presence of such a large number of elephants made it"}, {"start": "01:27:45", "end": "01:27:50", "text": "impossible for his cavalry to break through as the horses were unnerved by"}, {"start": "01:27:50", "end": "01:27:56", "text": "their scent and noise. Meanwhile, the Antiggonid failank engaged the Allied"}, {"start": "01:27:56", "end": "01:28:01", "text": "infantry in a fierce and chaotic struggle. With Demetrius isolated, the"}, {"start": "01:28:01", "end": "01:28:08", "text": "Antiggonid right flank was left vulnerable. Recognizing this weakness, Salucas"}, {"start": "01:28:08", "end": "01:28:16", "text": "ordered a detachment of cavalry and mounted archers from the Allied right wing to exploit the opening. These horse"}, {"start": "01:28:16", "end": "01:28:23", "text": "archers rained down projectiles on the immobilized Antiggonid failanks. As"}, {"start": "01:28:23", "end": "01:28:28", "text": "their exposed flank crumbled, morale among Antiggonus' troops collapsed,"}, {"start": "01:28:28", "end": "01:28:34", "text": "leading many to either defect to the Allied side or flee. In the midst of the"}, {"start": "01:28:34", "end": "01:28:40", "text": "battlefield, Antigonus desperately tried to rally his troops, hoping for"}, {"start": "01:28:40", "end": "01:28:48", "text": "Demetrius's return. However, surrounded by enemy forces, he was ultimately killed. With"}, {"start": "01:28:48", "end": "01:28:56", "text": "their leader dead, the remnants of the Antigonid army disintegrated, and the survivors scattered in full retreat."}, {"start": "01:28:56", "end": "01:29:04", "text": "From the wreckage of his father's army, Demetrius managed to rally 5,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry. leading them"}, {"start": "01:29:04", "end": "01:29:10", "text": "to Ephesus. From there, he immediately set sail for Greece, abandoning Asia to"}, {"start": "01:29:10", "end": "01:29:16", "text": "the victorious allies in a lastditch effort to preserve what remained of his"}, {"start": "01:29:16", "end": "01:29:21", "text": "rule. Tommy, having prematurely withdrawn from Syria due to the false"}, {"start": "01:29:21", "end": "01:29:27", "text": "reports of an antiggonid victory, was left empty-handed in the post battle"}, {"start": "01:29:27", "end": "01:29:32", "text": "territorial divisions. Instead, Lissameus and Salucus divided"}, {"start": "01:29:32", "end": "01:29:39", "text": "Antigonus' former Asian territories between themselves. Cassander's brother,"}, {"start": "01:29:39", "end": "01:29:45", "text": "Plearkcus, was rewarded for his role in the campaign with control over Celicia"}, {"start": "01:29:45", "end": "01:29:51", "text": "and Lissia. Although Antigonus had been decisively defeated and killed,"}, {"start": "01:29:51", "end": "01:29:56", "text": "Demetrius still held sway over a significant portion of the Pelponies, he"}, {"start": "01:29:56", "end": "01:30:01", "text": "remained determined to pursue his ambitions with his sights now set on a"}, {"start": "01:30:01", "end": "01:30:09", "text": "conquest of Macedonia. Meanwhile, in Asia, a new conflict loomed. Tommy had long laid"}, {"start": "01:30:09", "end": "01:30:17", "text": "claim to Syria and the Levant. But following the battle of Ipsis, these territories were officially granted to"}, {"start": "01:30:17", "end": "01:30:24", "text": "Salucas, setting the stage for further strife. When the battle of Ipsis ended"}, {"start": "01:30:24", "end": "01:30:31", "text": "in 301 BC, it marked the death not just of Antiggonous Monofalmus, but of any"}, {"start": "01:30:31", "end": "01:30:37", "text": "realistic dream of reuniting Alexander the Great's empire under a single ruler."}, {"start": "01:30:37", "end": "01:30:42", "text": "The battlefield in central Friia saw a dramatic clash between the Antiggonid"}, {"start": "01:30:42", "end": "01:30:49", "text": "faction and a coalition of three rival successors. Lissamakus, Salucas, and"}, {"start": "01:30:49", "end": "01:30:55", "text": "Cassander with Tommy playing a distant but pivotal role. Although Antigonus had"}, {"start": "01:30:55", "end": "01:31:01", "text": "held firm in the center with his veteran Macedonian failanks, it was the timely"}, {"start": "01:31:01", "end": "01:31:07", "text": "arrival of Salucus's Indian elephants and cavalry that turned the tide. His"}, {"start": "01:31:07", "end": "01:31:13", "text": "son Demetrius escaped, but the once mighty Antiggonid realm had shattered."}, {"start": "01:31:13", "end": "01:31:19", "text": "The victors of Ipsus carved up the remains. Lysamecus took most of Asia"}, {"start": "01:31:19", "end": "01:31:25", "text": "Minor. Salucas seized Syria and the eastern Satropes remained firmly under"}, {"start": "01:31:25", "end": "01:31:30", "text": "his control and Cassander held Macedonia and Greece."}, {"start": "01:31:30", "end": "01:31:37", "text": "Demetrius, though defeated, still held sway in some Greek cities and coastal"}, {"start": "01:31:37", "end": "01:31:43", "text": "fortresses, especially in the Pelpine and Attica. Though wounded, he was far"}, {"start": "01:31:43", "end": "01:31:48", "text": "from finished. As the 290s BC unfolded,"}, {"start": "01:31:48", "end": "01:31:54", "text": "the question loomed, who among the successors would emerge as the true heir"}, {"start": "01:31:54", "end": "01:31:59", "text": "to Alexander? Cassander's health was failing and in"}, {"start": "01:31:59", "end": "01:32:08", "text": "297 BC he died plunging Macedonia into dynastic chaos. His sons Philip IVth and"}, {"start": "01:32:08", "end": "01:32:15", "text": "Tiper and Alexander V squabbled over succession. Philip IV briefly became"}, {"start": "01:32:15", "end": "01:32:22", "text": "king but died within the same year likely of illness. This left Antipater and"}, {"start": "01:32:22", "end": "01:32:27", "text": "Alexander in a tense power sharing arrangement. Alexander V, fearing his"}, {"start": "01:32:27", "end": "01:32:33", "text": "brother, called in external help. He appealed to both Pius of Papyrus and"}, {"start": "01:32:33", "end": "01:32:39", "text": "Demetrius. Pius, always eager for expansion, demanded and received large"}, {"start": "01:32:39", "end": "01:32:46", "text": "trackcts of land in return for support. Demetrius, however, saw a greater"}, {"start": "01:32:46", "end": "01:32:54", "text": "opportunity. He arrived in force, assassinated Alexander, and seized control of Macedonia entirely by 294 BC,"}, {"start": "01:32:54", "end": "01:33:02", "text": "declaring himself king. Now back in the game, Demetrius Polioreti, the besieger,"}, {"start": "01:33:02", "end": "01:33:08", "text": "aimed to reclaim his father's lost empire. He launched ambitious campaigns"}, {"start": "01:33:08", "end": "01:33:13", "text": "across Greece and the Aian, hoping to challenge Lissamakus in Asia Minor and"}, {"start": "01:33:13", "end": "01:33:19", "text": "even dreaming of an eastern campaign against Salucas. But despite his military"}, {"start": "01:33:19", "end": "01:33:24", "text": "brilliance, Demetrius's ambitions overreached his resources. A coalition"}, {"start": "01:33:24", "end": "01:33:31", "text": "quickly formed against him. Tommy launched naval raids. Lissimachus struck"}, {"start": "01:33:31", "end": "01:33:39", "text": "from the east and Pius invaded from the west. By 288 BC, this coordinated"}, {"start": "01:33:39", "end": "01:33:45", "text": "assault forced Demetrius to abandon Macedonia. His own troops deserted and"}, {"start": "01:33:45", "end": "01:33:53", "text": "he fled to Greece. Once again, Lissameus and Pius divided Macedonia. But this uneasy"}, {"start": "01:33:53", "end": "01:34:01", "text": "alliance didn't last. In 285 BC, Lissameus turned on Pius, driving him"}, {"start": "01:34:01", "end": "01:34:08", "text": "out and taking sole control of Macedonia, now adding it to his domains in Thrace and Western Asia Minor."}, {"start": "01:34:08", "end": "01:34:14", "text": "Lissameus by the mid 20s80s stood as one of the most powerful monarchs. His"}, {"start": "01:34:14", "end": "01:34:21", "text": "empire stretched from the Aian to the Helispont and deep into Anatolia."}, {"start": "01:34:21", "end": "01:34:27", "text": "He was a seasoned general, a veteran of Alexander's campaigns, and now king of"}, {"start": "01:34:27", "end": "01:34:33", "text": "Macedonia, the symbolic heart of the Macedonian legacy. But his kingdom was"}, {"start": "01:34:33", "end": "01:34:39", "text": "not as stable as it appeared. His court was rife with tension, and succession"}, {"start": "01:34:39", "end": "01:34:46", "text": "became a deadly question. Lissameus' eldest son, Agatha, was a competent and"}, {"start": "01:34:46", "end": "01:34:52", "text": "popular prince. Many in the court expected him to inherit the throne. But"}, {"start": "01:34:52", "end": "01:34:59", "text": "Lissimachus' new wife, Arseno II, daughter of Tommy I of Egypt, had other"}, {"start": "01:34:59", "end": "01:35:06", "text": "plans. She wanted the kingdom for her own children and began plotting a Gacles"}, {"start": "01:35:06", "end": "01:35:11", "text": "downfall. Using accusations of treason and conspiracy with Salucas, she"}, {"start": "01:35:11", "end": "01:35:17", "text": "convinced Lissameus to execute his own son in 282 BC."}, {"start": "01:35:17", "end": "01:35:23", "text": "The murder sent shock waves. Many cities in Asia Minor that had been loyal to"}, {"start": "01:35:23", "end": "01:35:28", "text": "Agathles now rebelled. Worse for Lissameus, Agathles widow and children"}, {"start": "01:35:28", "end": "01:35:34", "text": "fled east straight into the arms of Salucas. Salucas had already ruled over"}, {"start": "01:35:34", "end": "01:35:39", "text": "the largest and most stable of the successor kingdoms encompassing"}, {"start": "01:35:39", "end": "01:35:47", "text": "Mesopotamia, Persia, Syria, and parts of India. Now in his 70s, he saw one final"}, {"start": "01:35:47", "end": "01:35:52", "text": "opportunity to reunite Alexander's empire, or at least remove his last"}, {"start": "01:35:52", "end": "01:35:59", "text": "serious rival. The death of Agatha gave him the pretext he needed to act. In"}, {"start": "01:35:59", "end": "01:36:06", "text": "early 281 BC, Salucas crossed into Asia Minor at the head of a large and battleh"}, {"start": "01:36:06", "end": "01:36:13", "text": "hardened army. Lysmus marched to meet him near the town of Cororopedium in"}, {"start": "01:36:13", "end": "01:36:21", "text": "Lydia. The battle of Coripedium would be the final showdown between two of Alexander's original generals. The last"}, {"start": "01:36:21", "end": "01:36:26", "text": "great contest of the Diodoki. Though no detailed ancient sources give"}, {"start": "01:36:26", "end": "01:36:33", "text": "us exact numbers, most reconstructions suggest both sides brought forces in the"}, {"start": "01:36:33", "end": "01:36:40", "text": "range of 20,000 to 25,000 infantry supported by 3,000 to"}, {"start": "01:36:40", "end": "01:36:46", "text": "5,000 cavalry and light troops and skirmishers. The battle began with"}, {"start": "01:36:46", "end": "01:36:51", "text": "standard formations. Both sides formed long failins lines in the center."}, {"start": "01:36:51", "end": "01:36:58", "text": "Cavalry positioned on the wings. Salucas known for his cautious and methodical"}, {"start": "01:36:58", "end": "01:37:04", "text": "style waited for a misstep. Lissameus more aggressive tried to press the"}, {"start": "01:37:04", "end": "01:37:10", "text": "center but was outmaneuvered on the left flank. Salucas's cavalry, perhaps led by"}, {"start": "01:37:10", "end": "01:37:18", "text": "his son Antiochus, broke through the enemy horse and wheeled into the side of Lissameus' failank. Pinned and"}, {"start": "01:37:18", "end": "01:37:24", "text": "outflanked, Lissameus fought bravely, reportedly refusing to retreat. He was"}, {"start": "01:37:24", "end": "01:37:30", "text": "slain in the melee, bringing an end to his empire. His body was found on the"}, {"start": "01:37:30", "end": "01:37:36", "text": "battlefield pierced with spears, a grim symbol of the final fall of the"}, {"start": "01:37:36", "end": "01:37:42", "text": "diadeoki. With Lissameus dead, Salucas moved quickly to seize his"}, {"start": "01:37:42", "end": "01:37:48", "text": "territory. By early 281 BC, he had crossed into Europe, preparing to claim"}, {"start": "01:37:48", "end": "01:37:53", "text": "Macedonia itself. At long last, he would rule both"}, {"start": "01:37:53", "end": "01:38:00", "text": "Asia and Macedonia, becoming the closest any of the successors had come to reuniting"}, {"start": "01:38:00", "end": "01:38:08", "text": "Alexander's empire. But fate had other plans. In September 281 BC, Salucas was"}, {"start": "01:38:08", "end": "01:38:15", "text": "assassinated near Lysimakia in Thrace by Tommy Cerronus, the exiled son of Tommy"}, {"start": "01:38:15", "end": "01:38:22", "text": "the V of Egypt. Coronus had been sheltered by Salucas, but turned traitor, striking down the last of"}, {"start": "01:38:22", "end": "01:38:28", "text": "Alexander's generals. The dream of reunification died with"}, {"start": "01:38:28", "end": "01:38:34", "text": "Salucas. Serrano seized the Macedonian throne in the chaos that followed, but"}, {"start": "01:38:34", "end": "01:38:40", "text": "his reign was brief and brutal. Within a year, the GIC invasions of the Balkans"}, {"start": "01:38:40", "end": "01:38:47", "text": "began. A series of devastating raids by Celtic tribes from beyond the Danube. In"}, {"start": "01:38:47", "end": "01:38:52", "text": "279 BC at the battle of Thurman or possibly"}, {"start": "01:38:52", "end": "01:38:58", "text": "Lissimakia, Tommy Serronis was killed by the Gauls in battle. His head paraded on"}, {"start": "01:38:58", "end": "01:39:04", "text": "a spear. Macedonia fell into anarchy once again. The throne changed hands"}, {"start": "01:39:04", "end": "01:39:12", "text": "multiple times as the Gauls ravaged. Antipotacius, Senus and others briefly"}, {"start": "01:39:12", "end": "01:39:19", "text": "held power, but no one could establish lasting rule. Order was restored only in"}, {"start": "01:39:19", "end": "01:39:26", "text": "277 BC when Antiggonus II, Gonatas, the son of Demetrius the besieger, returned"}, {"start": "01:39:26", "end": "01:39:31", "text": "with an army. He defeated the GIC tribes at the battle of Lissameia or possibly"}, {"start": "01:39:31", "end": "01:39:38", "text": "at the Sparkyos and secured the throne of Macedonia. With this, the Antigonid"}, {"start": "01:39:38", "end": "01:39:47", "text": "dynasty, once nearly extinct, was reborn. By 275 BC, the wars of the"}, {"start": "01:39:47", "end": "01:39:53", "text": "Diodoki had finally ended. The dust of half a century of conflict settled into"}, {"start": "01:39:53", "end": "01:39:58", "text": "three major Macedonian kingdoms. The Antiggonids in Macedonia and Greece, the"}, {"start": "01:39:58", "end": "01:40:03", "text": "Seucids in Asia, the Poleamies in Egypt. The dream of Alexander's empire was"}, {"start": "01:40:03", "end": "01:40:09", "text": "dead. But his generals had built something new. A patchwork of kingdoms"}, {"start": "01:40:09", "end": "01:40:15", "text": "bound by culture, political ambition, and the memory of a man who had died too"}, {"start": "01:40:15", "end": "01:40:23", "text": "young. What began as a quest for unity ended in division. And in that division,"}, {"start": "01:40:23", "end": "01:40:27", "text": "a new age was born."}]

[{"start": "00:00:12", "end": "00:00:19", "text": "Hello. How are you? How are you? Good, thanks. Yes, your seat"}, {"start": "00:00:21", "end": "00:00:28", "text": "actually come in. to begin, could you please state your name, your position,"}, {"start": "00:00:28", "end": "00:00:37", "text": "and what your job consists in? Okay, so my name is uh John Demurs,"}, {"start": "00:00:37", "end": "00:00:44", "text": "dem assistant attorney general for national security at the US Department of Justice."}, {"start": "00:00:45", "end": "00:00:52", "text": "Look, uh, China represents 80% of the economic espionage cases that we have"}, {"start": "00:00:52", "end": "00:00:59", "text": "charged here at the department since the beginning of the economic espionage statute back in the 1990s. So why is"}, {"start": "00:00:59", "end": "00:01:07", "text": "there still no smoking gun? [Music]"}, {"start": "00:01:08", "end": "00:01:13", "text": "An endless clash of commercial and geopolitical interests. a clanderstein"}, {"start": "00:01:13", "end": "00:01:20", "text": "yet continuous battle that directly affects us all. The internet and all of our"}, {"start": "00:01:20", "end": "00:01:28", "text": "connected gadgets are now a battleground in their own right and there are no rules to this"}, {"start": "00:01:30", "end": "00:01:36", "text": "war. Land, sea, air, space, cyber. It's"}, {"start": "00:01:36", "end": "00:01:42", "text": "a domain. It's a place. It's a location. In this theater of operations, from"}, {"start": "00:01:42", "end": "00:01:49", "text": "espionage to 5G, a new player is coming to the foreground. China. Its goal to"}, {"start": "00:01:49", "end": "00:01:55", "text": "become the world's leading power by 2049. It's the 100th anniversary of the"}, {"start": "00:01:55", "end": "00:02:01", "text": "People's Republic. To increase its economic,"}, {"start": "00:02:01", "end": "00:02:09", "text": "technological, and military capabilities, China has become a master of modern espionage. China is often"}, {"start": "00:02:09", "end": "00:02:15", "text": "relegated to this kind of like second tier of intelligence services and that"}, {"start": "00:02:15", "end": "00:02:20", "text": "is just not the case. I think we underestimate them continuously to our"}, {"start": "00:02:20", "end": "00:02:26", "text": "own detriment. Via cyerspace China steals secrets from"}, {"start": "00:02:26", "end": "00:02:33", "text": "strategic companies. This group targeted at least um nine"}, {"start": "00:02:33", "end": "00:02:40", "text": "companies. Most of them are stocklisted. Faced with the rise of China, America is taking notice. Since the end of the cold"}, {"start": "00:02:40", "end": "00:02:48", "text": "war, the US has not shied away from global espionage, including on its allies. But it's no longer the only one."}, {"start": "00:02:48", "end": "00:02:55", "text": "There is one challenge central to the superpower's success, to not lose its rank as the world's number one. I raised"}, {"start": "00:02:55", "end": "00:03:02", "text": "once again our very serious concerns about growing cyber threats to American companies and American citizens. I"}, {"start": "00:03:02", "end": "00:03:08", "text": "indicated that it has to stop. Uh, US common."}, {"start": "00:03:20", "end": "00:03:26", "text": "Behind the keyboard, the clash between the two giants appears to be a real war. However, one that's never officially"}, {"start": "00:03:26", "end": "00:03:32", "text": "been declared. China's goal, simply put, is to replace the US as the world's"}, {"start": "00:03:32", "end": "00:03:37", "text": "leading superpower. And they're using illegal methods to get"}, {"start": "00:03:37", "end": "00:03:41", "text": "there. FBI"}, {"start": "00:03:53", "end": "00:04:00", "text": "What is Europe's role on this battlefield between its historical American ally and its new Chinese"}, {"start": "00:04:00", "end": "00:04:07", "text": "economic partner? Europe is struggling to pick a side. Europe is kind of the meat in the sandwich, if you like,"}, {"start": "00:04:07", "end": "00:04:14", "text": "between uh the United States on one side and uh and and China on the other. How"}, {"start": "00:04:14", "end": "00:04:20", "text": "does Europe react when its diplomatic communications are hacked by China?"}, {"start": "00:04:20", "end": "00:04:27", "text": "You know, the the the particular attack that that you have mentioned is is only one of the very many attacks that have"}, {"start": "00:04:27", "end": "00:04:33", "text": "been going on, are going on, and probably will be going on. What are"}, {"start": "00:04:33", "end": "00:04:38", "text": "China's true digital espionage capabilities? Are they being exaggerated"}, {"start": "00:04:38", "end": "00:04:43", "text": "by the United States? or is this new cyber power trying to reshuffle world"}, {"start": "00:04:43", "end": "00:04:50", "text": "order? They're a cyber superpower and they're not going away. They're a global player."}, {"start": "00:04:50", "end": "00:04:55", "text": "So whether you like it or not, you're going to have to deal with China."}, {"start": "00:04:59", "end": "00:05:03", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:05:06", "end": "00:05:13", "text": "China is now the country with the most internet users in the world. But at the turn of the millennium, only 4 million"}, {"start": "00:05:13", "end": "00:05:19", "text": "Chinese had access to the internet. Less than 1% of the"}, {"start": "00:05:20", "end": "00:05:25", "text": "population. At that time, however, China was about to enter cyerspace and its"}, {"start": "00:05:25", "end": "00:05:31", "text": "conflicts with a bang. two international events pitting them against the US will"}, {"start": "00:05:31", "end": "00:05:35", "text": "provoke the first Chinese cyber"}, {"start": "00:05:37", "end": "00:05:43", "text": "attacks. The first in 1999 on the night of May the 7th during a NATO operation"}, {"start": "00:05:43", "end": "00:05:50", "text": "in Yugoslavia, US missiles destroyed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade."}, {"start": "00:05:58", "end": "00:06:05", "text": "[Music] [Applause] In 2001, a collision between two Chinese"}, {"start": "00:06:05", "end": "00:06:11", "text": "and American military aircrafts resulted in the death of a Chinese man. Following"}, {"start": "00:06:11", "end": "00:06:20", "text": "these two events, American websites are attacked. The world hears about Chinese hackers for the first time."}, {"start": "00:06:27", "end": "00:06:34", "text": "You worked for 14 years as a expert for the US National Security Agency. Uh 13."}, {"start": "00:06:34", "end": "00:06:40", "text": "13. Okay. The NSA is the powerful US communications spy"}, {"start": "00:06:40", "end": "00:06:45", "text": "agency. Priscilla Morocci headed the Asian cyber threat analysis office"}, {"start": "00:06:45", "end": "00:06:55", "text": "there. There certainly were a core group of people in the late 90s and early 2000s um you know who were um involved"}, {"start": "00:06:55", "end": "00:07:02", "text": "in in you know what people would sort of call like the US China hacker wars right they were interesting because it was one"}, {"start": "00:07:02", "end": "00:07:08", "text": "of the first times in which you had people on one the side of one nation state who were sort of using the"}, {"start": "00:07:08", "end": "00:07:16", "text": "internet right as a tool you know to kind of attack and for political retribution or or motivations is"}, {"start": "00:07:16", "end": "00:07:23", "text": "the attacks were signed off by two groups, the China Eagle Union and the Honka Union of China. To find the"}, {"start": "00:07:23", "end": "00:07:32", "text": "websites of these two organizations, you have to go back 20 [Music]"}, {"start": "00:07:32", "end": "00:07:38", "text": "years. Archive.org is a veritable time machine for the internet. In a few"}, {"start": "00:07:38", "end": "00:07:46", "text": "seconds, we're back in 2001 on the homepage of the China Eagle [Music]"}, {"start": "00:07:46", "end": "00:07:52", "text": "Union, Shield of the Nation and Justice. My heart is pure and"}, {"start": "00:07:52", "end": "00:07:58", "text": "radiant as well as the Hongka Union of China website, the hackers union of"}, {"start": "00:07:58", "end": "00:08:04", "text": "China, Chinese hacker cyber security alliance. I think it was a sort of one of those"}, {"start": "00:08:04", "end": "00:08:11", "text": "transition periods in time right when you know Chinese perception of themselves and the role that they were"}, {"start": "00:08:11", "end": "00:08:18", "text": "playing and they occupied changed and that reflected right also in kind of cyber operations and the rise of these"}, {"start": "00:08:18", "end": "00:08:24", "text": "kind of the hunker union right and these and these kind of groups um who realized"}, {"start": "00:08:24", "end": "00:08:30", "text": "that they had a tool right you know the internet that they knew how to you know affect"}, {"start": "00:08:30", "end": "00:08:36", "text": "uh you know United uh and you know they employed"}, {"start": "00:08:41", "end": "00:08:46", "text": "it. Kandis Trandai is one of the few experts to have studied this first"}, {"start": "00:08:46", "end": "00:08:50", "text": "generation of Chinese hackers."}, {"start": "00:08:54", "end": "00:08:59", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:09:08", "end": "00:09:14", "text": "With a Chinese speaker who we kept anonymous, we go in search of these first Chinese"}, {"start": "00:09:14", "end": "00:09:21", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:09:22", "end": "00:09:28", "text": "hackers. We make a list of the aliases we find."}, {"start": "00:09:28", "end": "00:09:34", "text": "After several weeks of research, we have faces, backgrounds, real names, and even"}, {"start": "00:09:34", "end": "00:09:40", "text": "email [Music] addresses. Among them, the leaders of"}, {"start": "00:09:40", "end": "00:09:52", "text": "the groups in this first Sino American Heka War. [Music]"}, {"start": "00:09:52", "end": "00:10:00", "text": "Eagle, founder of the China Eagle Union, described as the godfather of this"}, {"start": "00:10:00", "end": "00:10:05", "text": "generation, and Lion, leader of the Hongka Union of China, one of the most"}, {"start": "00:10:05", "end": "00:10:12", "text": "active groups of the [Music]"}, {"start": "00:10:14", "end": "00:10:20", "text": "time. We contact all of these hackers via secure email."}, {"start": "00:10:20", "end": "00:10:40", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:10:42", "end": "00:10:48", "text": "Only one accepts our interview request. The sponsor himself, Eagle, under one"}, {"start": "00:10:48", "end": "00:10:53", "text": "condition, not to show his face."}, {"start": "00:10:59", "end": "00:11:05", "text": "Why do you wear a mask and glasses?"}, {"start": "00:11:34", "end": "00:11:37", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:11:47", "end": "00:11:54", "text": "How would you describe the hacking culture at the time?"}, {"start": "00:12:05", "end": "00:12:08", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:12:41", "end": "00:12:44", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:12:55", "end": "00:13:00", "text": "on On its website, Eagle issues a call to all Chinese"}, {"start": "00:13:01", "end": "00:13:10", "text": "hackers action plan against hegammon and for China's unity. Purpose to issue a warning to all"}, {"start": "00:13:10", "end": "00:13:16", "text": "anti-China forces that are trying to divide the country. Method all available computer"}, {"start": "00:13:16", "end": "00:13:23", "text": "means. He and his group, the China Eagle Union,"}, {"start": "00:13:23", "end": "00:13:30", "text": "are targeting a symbol of American power, the Navy. This is one of the US Navy sites"}, {"start": "00:13:30", "end": "00:13:36", "text": "in 2001. Eagle and his gang replace its content with their patriotic"}, {"start": "00:13:36", "end": "00:13:42", "text": "slogans. China's patriotic hackers will beat down all the hegmanism of the"}, {"start": "00:13:42", "end": "00:13:48", "text": "world. All the Chinese must be united and fight for the honor of our homeland."}, {"start": "00:13:48", "end": "00:13:51", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:14:07", "end": "00:14:15", "text": "In May 2001, the Chinese state denied all responsibility for the young nationalist hackers. An editorial in the"}, {"start": "00:14:15", "end": "00:14:22", "text": "People's Daily, the official press center of the Communist Party, declares the attacks"}, {"start": "00:14:24", "end": "00:14:32", "text": "illegal. Attacks and sabotage of websites, whether from American or Chinese hackers, are unforgivable and"}, {"start": "00:14:32", "end": "00:14:37", "text": "illegal acts. It's no exaggeration to call it cyber"}, {"start": "00:14:37", "end": "00:14:43", "text": "terrorism. A call to order that doesn't surprise former British spy Nigel Ingster."}, {"start": "00:14:43", "end": "00:14:52", "text": "What can you say about your former job? I worked in the British Secret Intelligence Service uh retiring as"}, {"start": "00:14:52", "end": "00:14:57", "text": "assistant chief and director of operations and intelligence. Firstly,"}, {"start": "00:14:57", "end": "00:15:05", "text": "the Chinese Communist Party doesn't like any organization that's not under its uh its control. Um sees that as a challenge"}, {"start": "00:15:05", "end": "00:15:11", "text": "and as a threat. And secondly, as I said, in practice, some of these patriotic hacker groups was potentially"}, {"start": "00:15:11", "end": "00:15:19", "text": "detrimental to China's interests as the party saw them. So for both those reasons, they, you know, they needed to"}, {"start": "00:15:19", "end": "00:15:26", "text": "um bring them under control. In 2001, China changed not only their"}, {"start": "00:15:26", "end": "00:15:32", "text": "own history, but the history of the world. It joined the World Trade Organization and became a major player"}, {"start": "00:15:32", "end": "00:15:39", "text": "in international trade. It was a decisive step towards becoming a world"}, {"start": "00:15:40", "end": "00:15:45", "text": "power. Hackers like Eagle were sacrificed to ensure the new economic"}, {"start": "00:15:45", "end": "00:15:49", "text": "respectability of China."}, {"start": "00:16:00", "end": "00:16:03", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:16:10", "end": "00:16:14", "text": "in previous"}, {"start": "00:16:29", "end": "00:16:36", "text": "Eagle disbands his organization. Its members disperse."}, {"start": "00:16:48", "end": "00:16:55", "text": "[Music] We had a group of people with the"}, {"start": "00:16:55", "end": "00:17:00", "text": "requisite cyber capabilities who were showing a kind of autonomous disposition"}, {"start": "00:17:00", "end": "00:17:07", "text": "to work as they saw it to put these uh capabilities um to the service of the"}, {"start": "00:17:07", "end": "00:17:14", "text": "state. The potential was there and I think this was seized upon. Yes. Did some of the first hackers work for"}, {"start": "00:17:14", "end": "00:17:20", "text": "the Chinese [Music] government? On the Wikileaks website,"}, {"start": "00:17:20", "end": "00:17:27", "text": "where a group of journalists publish classified documents and leaks from anonymous sources, we find references to"}, {"start": "00:17:27", "end": "00:17:34", "text": "early Chinese state sponsored cyber attacks documented by the United States."}, {"start": "00:17:37", "end": "00:17:42", "text": "According to a secret telegram from 2009, a hacker on our list, Lion, was"}, {"start": "00:17:42", "end": "00:17:50", "text": "recruited by a company close to the Chinese military, Topsseek. Tops employed a known Chinese"}, {"start": "00:17:50", "end": "00:17:57", "text": "hacker, Lin Yong, also known as Lion, and owner of the Hanka Union of"}, {"start": "00:17:57", "end": "00:18:04", "text": "China. Topsac provides services and training for the People's Liberation"}, {"start": "00:18:05", "end": "00:18:11", "text": "Army. Lion appears eight years later at a cyber security conference in Shanghai."}, {"start": "00:18:11", "end": "00:18:16", "text": "He didn't lose his reputation nor his convictions."}, {"start": "00:18:16", "end": "00:18:25", "text": "[Applause] [Music]"}, {"start": "00:18:30", "end": "00:18:37", "text": "behind. Say [Applause]"}, {"start": "00:18:37", "end": "00:18:41", "text": "hi. Say"}, {"start": "00:18:43", "end": "00:18:47", "text": "[Applause]"}, {"start": "00:18:54", "end": "00:19:02", "text": "Lion calls on hackers to stop and instead to surf the country and contribute to China's IT"}, {"start": "00:19:06", "end": "00:19:14", "text": "development. This new guideline became official four years later through the voice of China's new president Xiinping."}, {"start": "00:19:14", "end": "00:19:17", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:19:45", "end": "00:19:51", "text": "Father, Jeff Moss is one of the world's leading cyber security experts. This"}, {"start": "00:19:51", "end": "00:19:59", "text": "American is the founder of the world's largest digital security conferences. Defcon and Blackhat. In"}, {"start": "00:19:59", "end": "00:20:05", "text": "2018, he launches a Chinese edition of Defcon, a symbol of the meteoric rise of"}, {"start": "00:20:05", "end": "00:20:14", "text": "cyerspace in China. [Music] [Applause]"}, {"start": "00:20:14", "end": "00:20:21", "text": "Five, six years ago, the president goes on TV and says that cyber security for China is critical to the future success"}, {"start": "00:20:21", "end": "00:20:27", "text": "of the country because the future is connected. The future is internet. And if you're going to be successful, you"}, {"start": "00:20:27", "end": "00:20:35", "text": "have to be able to protect it. And so security people are critical to the future of China's economy. Overnight,"}, {"start": "00:20:35", "end": "00:20:42", "text": "universities started offering information security. Companies were scrambling to find hackers and security"}, {"start": "00:20:42", "end": "00:20:48", "text": "people. So they went from obscurity doing their passion to being in demand."}, {"start": "00:20:48", "end": "00:20:55", "text": "China's first hackers who have fallen in line are contributing to the country's incredible rise. China is becoming the"}, {"start": "00:20:55", "end": "00:21:02", "text": "world's second largest economy. Their next goal to be number one."}, {"start": "00:21:06", "end": "00:21:11", "text": "China is deploying its cyber force to surpass the United States. Its strategy,"}, {"start": "00:21:11", "end": "00:21:18", "text": "steal industrial secrets from their biggest companies. At least that's what American"}, {"start": "00:21:18", "end": "00:21:23", "text": "officials claim. [Music]"}, {"start": "00:21:35", "end": "00:21:41", "text": "I'm John Carlin and I served most of my career at the Justice"}, {"start": "00:21:41", "end": "00:21:47", "text": "Department. When I was a prosecutor, I went to a a secure facility. I still"}, {"start": "00:21:47", "end": "00:21:52", "text": "remember going on on the trip where there was a task force house of both law"}, {"start": "00:21:52", "end": "00:21:59", "text": "enforcement and intelligence and there was a giant jumbotron screen in the background the size of a of a movie"}, {"start": "00:21:59", "end": "00:22:05", "text": "theater type screen. and they were tracking in real time what"}, {"start": "00:22:05", "end": "00:22:11", "text": "China what Chinese threat actors in particular were doing to US companies"}, {"start": "00:22:11", "end": "00:22:17", "text": "and they'd steal the research and development, the intellectual property, the the trade negotiation strategies"}, {"start": "00:22:17", "end": "00:22:25", "text": "from that company and we'd watch it go back out of the United States and hop back to to China. So we we decided to"}, {"start": "00:22:25", "end": "00:22:28", "text": "have a new strategy"}, {"start": "00:22:30", "end": "00:22:37", "text": "[Music] This new US strategy is offensive and public. It's announced at a Department"}, {"start": "00:22:37", "end": "00:22:43", "text": "of Justice press conference with strong backing by assistant attorney general for the National Security Division, John"}, {"start": "00:22:43", "end": "00:22:49", "text": "Carlin, United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania. Today we are announcing an indictment against"}, {"start": "00:22:49", "end": "00:22:56", "text": "five officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army for serious cyber security breaches against six American"}, {"start": "00:22:56", "end": "00:23:04", "text": "victim companies. We allege that members of unit 61398 conspired to hack into computers"}, {"start": "00:23:04", "end": "00:23:09", "text": "of six US victims to steal information that would provide an economic advantage"}, {"start": "00:23:09", "end": "00:23:16", "text": "to the victim's competitors. The US doesn't only single out the"}, {"start": "00:23:16", "end": "00:23:23", "text": "Chinese military unit as responsible for the hacks. It goes one step further."}, {"start": "00:23:28", "end": "00:23:33", "text": "For the first time, we are exposing the faces and names behind the keyboards in"}, {"start": "00:23:33", "end": "00:23:38", "text": "Shanghai used to steal from American"}, {"start": "00:23:40", "end": "00:23:45", "text": "businesses. At the FBI initiative, wanted notices, usually reserved for"}, {"start": "00:23:45", "end": "00:23:53", "text": "America's worst enemies, are published with the names and faces of Chinese hackers."}, {"start": "00:23:55", "end": "00:24:02", "text": "Were you expecting the wanted posters? Yeah. Uh, no. I was not expect I was not"}, {"start": "00:24:02", "end": "00:24:08", "text": "expecting the uh the wanted uh the wanted posters. And I'm not sure I was"}, {"start": "00:24:08", "end": "00:24:14", "text": "uh in favor of it at at the time. Uh it was concerned they were doing. In"}, {"start": "00:24:14", "end": "00:24:20", "text": "retrospect, I think it was a good it was a good call for a couple of reasons. one figuring out who did it and not just"}, {"start": "00:24:20", "end": "00:24:27", "text": "generally that it's coming from Chinese military intelligence by face by name who's sitting behind the keyboard whose"}, {"start": "00:24:27", "end": "00:24:35", "text": "fingers are they number two make that public don't keep it in the shadows anymore and finally number three impose"}, {"start": "00:24:35", "end": "00:24:42", "text": "consequences so that this is not costfree to ultimately change the behavior"}, {"start": "00:24:42", "end": "00:24:47", "text": "and I think that came as quite a big shock uh to the Chinese leadership"}, {"start": "00:24:47", "end": "00:24:54", "text": "because I don't think they thought um that kind of attribution would be possible. That that really did give them"}, {"start": "00:24:54", "end": "00:25:03", "text": "pause for thought. The Chinese state has forced to make concessions. In 2015, China and the US"}, {"start": "00:25:03", "end": "00:25:09", "text": "pledged to stop using their digital weapons to steal trade secrets."}, {"start": "00:25:20", "end": "00:25:25", "text": "Good afternoon everybody. Please have a seat."}, {"start": "00:25:41", "end": "00:25:48", "text": "We've agreed that neither the US or the Chinese government will conduct or knowingly support cyber enabled SE,"}, {"start": "00:25:48", "end": "00:25:54", "text": "theft of intellectual property, including trade secrets or other confidential business information for"}, {"start": "00:25:54", "end": "00:26:00", "text": "commercial advantage. I raised once again our very serious concerns about growing cyber threats to"}, {"start": "00:26:00", "end": "00:26:07", "text": "American companies and American citizens. I indicated that it has to stop. The United States government does"}, {"start": "00:26:07", "end": "00:26:13", "text": "not engage in cyber economic espionage for commercial gain. The United States"}, {"start": "00:26:13", "end": "00:26:20", "text": "who called for this meeting is in fact itself involved in spying scandals. For the past two years, whistleblower Edward"}, {"start": "00:26:20", "end": "00:26:27", "text": "Snowden's revelations on the widespread US surveillance of citizens, businesses, and politicians have shamed the Obama"}, {"start": "00:26:27", "end": "00:26:34", "text": "administration. From a European perspective, it's very hard to to see the difference"}, {"start": "00:26:34", "end": "00:26:41", "text": "between Chinese hack targeting big companies and US"}, {"start": "00:26:41", "end": "00:26:47", "text": "intelligence hack. on the National Security Agency there are it is illegal"}, {"start": "00:26:47", "end": "00:26:54", "text": "right to use government resources for economic reasons right even if it's to"}, {"start": "00:26:54", "end": "00:27:01", "text": "support the biggest American company or for whatever reason that's illegal right and that line doesn't necessarily exist"}, {"start": "00:27:01", "end": "00:27:07", "text": "you know within sort for example some European countries intelligence services right and it certainly doesn't exist"}, {"start": "00:27:07", "end": "00:27:14", "text": "within the Chinese intelligence services did the attacks stop after this"}, {"start": "00:27:14", "end": "00:27:20", "text": "agreement. No, ultimately it was a a point in time,"}, {"start": "00:27:20", "end": "00:27:26", "text": "right? And it was a great discussion point, but we had no means of enforcing"}, {"start": "00:27:26", "end": "00:27:33", "text": "the agreement itself. The agreement of the two leaders was not respected in reality. The attacks"}, {"start": "00:27:33", "end": "00:27:39", "text": "continued and so did American accusations, always with media attention. the Southern District of New"}, {"start": "00:27:39", "end": "00:27:45", "text": "York. Today, we announced charges against two Chinese hackers, Juwa and"}, {"start": "00:27:45", "end": "00:27:51", "text": "John Sherong. The defendant's hacking campaigns al also targeted US government"}, {"start": "00:27:51", "end": "00:28:00", "text": "agencies, including the laboratories of NASA, the United States Department of Energy, and the US Navy."}, {"start": "00:28:00", "end": "00:28:06", "text": "I'm here to announce the indictment of Chinese military hackers, specifically"}, {"start": "00:28:06", "end": "00:28:11", "text": "four members of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, for breaking into the"}, {"start": "00:28:11", "end": "00:28:17", "text": "computer systems of the credit reporting agency, Equifax, and for stealing the sensitive"}, {"start": "00:28:17", "end": "00:28:24", "text": "personal information of nearly half of all American citizens."}, {"start": "00:28:24", "end": "00:28:30", "text": "Targeted industries included high-tech manufacturing, medical device, civil and industrial engineering, business,"}, {"start": "00:28:30", "end": "00:28:38", "text": "educational, and gaming, software, solar energy, pharmaceuticals, and defense."}, {"start": "00:28:38", "end": "00:28:48", "text": "Some days it seems like a neverending battle. From 2014 to mid 2021, 35 individuals"}, {"start": "00:28:48", "end": "00:28:53", "text": "were indicted for their involvement in Chinese cyber espionage operations."}, {"start": "00:28:53", "end": "00:29:01", "text": "Among them are hackers, senior military officers, field agents, recruiters, and"}, {"start": "00:29:04", "end": "00:29:10", "text": "informers. As long as these people remain in China, they're not within, you know, they're not within reach. I mean"}, {"start": "00:29:10", "end": "00:29:15", "text": "there have been cases where you know Chinese involved in cyber espionage have"}, {"start": "00:29:15", "end": "00:29:24", "text": "been um arrested outside China and prosecuted. Uh it has happened. Um but"}, {"start": "00:29:24", "end": "00:29:32", "text": "the simple fact is that those responsible for these operations as long as they don't leave China um are not at"}, {"start": "00:29:32", "end": "00:29:39", "text": "risk. Of the 35 defendants only three have been arrested. Two are awaiting"}, {"start": "00:29:39", "end": "00:29:47", "text": "extradition to the United States from Malaysia, while only one has actually been convicted. After 18 months in US"}, {"start": "00:29:47", "end": "00:29:54", "text": "custody, he returned to China free. We try to we can't take them into"}, {"start": "00:29:54", "end": "00:30:01", "text": "custody, try them in a court of law, and lock them up. Not today, anyway. But one"}, {"start": "00:30:01", "end": "00:30:09", "text": "day, these criminals will slip up and when they do, we'll be there. in Beijing. How does Eagle, the patriotic"}, {"start": "00:30:09", "end": "00:30:18", "text": "exhaer, react to these US charges? What do you think of the way uh how the the"}, {"start": "00:30:18", "end": "00:30:22", "text": "US portrayal the Chinese"}, {"start": "00:30:28", "end": "00:30:32", "text": "hackers, US"}, {"start": "00:30:53", "end": "00:31:00", "text": "[Music] After the United States, is Europe the new target. Far from the resounding"}, {"start": "00:31:00", "end": "00:31:07", "text": "official statements from Washington, we instead take a look at articles written by specialized journalists. A Chinese"}, {"start": "00:31:07", "end": "00:31:13", "text": "hacker group called Winti has reportedly attacked German technology flagships."}, {"start": "00:31:13", "end": "00:31:19", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:31:19", "end": "00:31:25", "text": "Reporter Hakantan Riardi has identified some of the victim"}, {"start": "00:31:25", "end": "00:31:31", "text": "companies in Germany. Um this group targeted at least"}, {"start": "00:31:31", "end": "00:31:40", "text": "um nine companies. Most of them are stocklisted. So we're talking about big names like Zmens, BISF, BA which is a"}, {"start": "00:31:40", "end": "00:31:46", "text": "chemical company, Lances also a chemical company. Then you have Hankle. You might"}, {"start": "00:31:46", "end": "00:31:53", "text": "know them by the products they are making like beauty products or cleaning products. What they also make is they"}, {"start": "00:31:53", "end": "00:31:58", "text": "make industrial type glue and that glue is being used if you uh say you make an"}, {"start": "00:31:58", "end": "00:32:05", "text": "airplane and you want to glue things together then you don't use normal glue. you can find in the store. You use"}, {"start": "00:32:05", "end": "00:32:11", "text": "industrialized products and this is another specialty of that."}, {"start": "00:32:12", "end": "00:32:15", "text": "3 g of adhesive."}, {"start": "00:32:17", "end": "00:32:22", "text": "1 hour. [Music]"}, {"start": "00:32:27", "end": "00:32:34", "text": "[Music] So that's a different type of glue."}, {"start": "00:32:34", "end": "00:32:41", "text": "That's something you don't want on your hands. Did you manage to find out if that was something the hackers were able"}, {"start": "00:32:41", "end": "00:32:49", "text": "to steal? All of the companies we reached out to gave us a variation of the sentence. To"}, {"start": "00:32:49", "end": "00:32:55", "text": "the best of our knowledge, no sensitive information was taken or not much"}, {"start": "00:32:55", "end": "00:33:02", "text": "sensitive information was taken. But I mean, why would they advertise, oh yeah, they stole all our important"}, {"start": "00:33:02", "end": "00:33:09", "text": "information? Has Europe resorted in denying the seriousness of the attacks as a defense"}, {"start": "00:33:09", "end": "00:33:14", "text": "strategy to avoid offending its Chinese economic"}, {"start": "00:33:14", "end": "00:33:20", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:33:20", "end": "00:33:25", "text": "partner? During our investigation, we discover an attack that should have been"}, {"start": "00:33:25", "end": "00:33:32", "text": "disastrous. [Music] Between 2015 and 2018, thousands of"}, {"start": "00:33:32", "end": "00:33:40", "text": "diplomatic documents were [Music]"}, {"start": "00:33:40", "end": "00:33:46", "text": "stolen. These documents, called cables, came from CorU, the European Union's"}, {"start": "00:33:46", "end": "00:33:54", "text": "diplomatic messaging system. This IT tool connects EU member states"}, {"start": "00:33:54", "end": "00:33:59", "text": "to European institutions. It is intended to facilitate cooperation in foreign"}, {"start": "00:33:59", "end": "00:34:07", "text": "policy and crisis [Music] management. Federric Biki, a professor"}, {"start": "00:34:07", "end": "00:34:15", "text": "of international relations, is one of the few who has studied how coro works."}, {"start": "00:34:15", "end": "00:34:23", "text": "It is quite a niche topic but it is actually quite an important topic and there is a sort of an assumption uh that"}, {"start": "00:34:23", "end": "00:34:29", "text": "diplomats go to Brussels and talk in Brussels face to face but uh this is"}, {"start": "00:34:29", "end": "00:34:36", "text": "obviously quite far from reality uh where a vast majority of interactions"}, {"start": "00:34:36", "end": "00:34:44", "text": "actually happen via email uh or electronic means. Um and the Coro system"}, {"start": "00:34:44", "end": "00:34:51", "text": "is a way that was introduc used quite earlier on uh to exactly fulfill that uh"}, {"start": "00:34:51", "end": "00:34:57", "text": "function in a secure manner by getting their hands on this large quantity of"}, {"start": "00:34:57", "end": "00:35:05", "text": "classified documents. Hackers can follow the day-to-day development of European foreign policy. In one of the stolen"}, {"start": "00:35:05", "end": "00:35:11", "text": "cables, a European mission chief warns of Chinese ambitions in Africa."}, {"start": "00:35:11", "end": "00:35:17", "text": "[Music] The EU would benefit from elements for"}, {"start": "00:35:17", "end": "00:35:22", "text": "an updated strategy regarding its engagement with China and Africa, taking"}, {"start": "00:35:22", "end": "00:35:30", "text": "China as a partner, but also as a competitor and possibly even a threat."}, {"start": "00:35:31", "end": "00:35:39", "text": "Yet, this theft of Europe's sensitive data was not revealed by its intelligence agencies, but by a US cyber"}, {"start": "00:35:39", "end": "00:35:42", "text": "security firm, Area"}, {"start": "00:35:45", "end": "00:35:50", "text": "1. Its short report on the attack explains that the hackers didn't target"}, {"start": "00:35:50", "end": "00:35:56", "text": "the Coru system itself. They broke into one of the network's points, the Cypress"}, {"start": "00:35:56", "end": "00:36:00", "text": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs."}, {"start": "00:36:03", "end": "00:36:12", "text": "It was there on an international server that they managed to get their hands on thousands of coru documents."}, {"start": "00:36:13", "end": "00:36:22", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:36:24", "end": "00:36:29", "text": "We meet Orurin Falovitz, the president of Area 1, who's based in Berlin,"}, {"start": "00:36:29", "end": "00:36:32", "text": "Germany."}, {"start": "00:36:39", "end": "00:36:47", "text": "Before working in the private sector, he was a member of an elite hacker unit of the NSA, the US Cyber Intelligence"}, {"start": "00:36:47", "end": "00:36:52", "text": "Agency. The former American hacker is adamant that China is responsible for"}, {"start": "00:36:52", "end": "00:36:56", "text": "the Coru hack."}, {"start": "00:36:58", "end": "00:37:04", "text": "How confident are you in this case uh in your attribution to China?"}, {"start": "00:37:04", "end": "00:37:09", "text": "100%. Mhm. We employ a team of renowned"}, {"start": "00:37:09", "end": "00:37:16", "text": "experts. um the report is signed by those people and nobody has refuted"}, {"start": "00:37:16", "end": "00:37:24", "text": "uh you know our assertions uh they are factual and I don't think it's necessary to uh publish wasteful pages of paper"}, {"start": "00:37:24", "end": "00:37:30", "text": "around something that can be said in a sentence. Mhm. And so what made you"}, {"start": "00:37:30", "end": "00:37:37", "text": "realize that the attackers had access to the cor cables?"}, {"start": "00:37:37", "end": "00:37:42", "text": "uh the cables themselves like we saw the attackers stealing the cables and saw"}, {"start": "00:37:42", "end": "00:37:50", "text": "the cables themselves and so it was pretty pretty obvious at that point. Um, how did you see"}, {"start": "00:37:50", "end": "00:37:56", "text": "that? Okay. Okay. In accordance with the traditions of"}, {"start": "00:37:56", "end": "00:38:02", "text": "espionage, this security specialist keeps his method secret."}, {"start": "00:38:02", "end": "00:38:09", "text": "And so, how did the hackers get access to the curing chaos? Can you walk us"}, {"start": "00:38:09", "end": "00:38:14", "text": "through the attack a bit? Yeah, I mean, so like like in every cyber attack, you"}, {"start": "00:38:14", "end": "00:38:20", "text": "know, it starts with fishing. It's an attempt to get a user or a human just like you and I to take an action"}, {"start": "00:38:20", "end": "00:38:27", "text": "unwittingly. That can be receiving an email and you have a link and that link tells you you need to reset your Google"}, {"start": "00:38:27", "end": "00:38:34", "text": "or your Microsoft email password. But that's really a fake website and now you've given the attacker your username"}, {"start": "00:38:34", "end": "00:38:39", "text": "and password. But the important thing to know is that 95% of all cyber security"}, {"start": "00:38:39", "end": "00:38:45", "text": "attacks begin with fishing. How sophisticated was this attack?"}, {"start": "00:38:45", "end": "00:38:50", "text": "Well, I don't think it was very sophisticated, but so not"}, {"start": "00:38:50", "end": "00:38:57", "text": "sophisticated. There's a version of cyber attacks that you read about in the newspapers. There's a version that you"}, {"start": "00:38:57", "end": "00:39:04", "text": "see in the movies and then there's the reality about what's happening. Most of the activities that this Chinese"}, {"start": "00:39:04", "end": "00:39:10", "text": "attributed group is is undertaking are are generally unsophisticated and they're kind of routine. But what what's"}, {"start": "00:39:10", "end": "00:39:16", "text": "significant is what you can do kind of being unremarkable."}, {"start": "00:39:16", "end": "00:39:21", "text": "At this point, only Orin Falovitz and his company Area 1 attribute the hacking"}, {"start": "00:39:21", "end": "00:39:27", "text": "of European diplomacy to China. After several months of investigation, no one"}, {"start": "00:39:27", "end": "00:39:32", "text": "has confirmed or denied this attack and its Chinese"}, {"start": "00:39:34", "end": "00:39:40", "text": "origin. Should we believe Area 1, whose founders are former American"}, {"start": "00:39:40", "end": "00:39:46", "text": "agents? A contact whose identity we must conceal sends us information that turns"}, {"start": "00:39:46", "end": "00:39:51", "text": "our investigation on its head. A password used by the attackers. European"}, {"start": "00:39:51", "end": "00:39:59", "text": "diplomatic documents are stored in the computer systems of the Cypress Ministry of Foreign Affairs."}, {"start": "00:40:00", "end": "00:40:05", "text": "The hackers managed to break in, but to avoid detection, they didn't directly"}, {"start": "00:40:05", "end": "00:40:11", "text": "retrieve the diplomatic cables. They gathered them in a file protected by their own"}, {"start": "00:40:11", "end": "00:40:22", "text": "password. Love ZK1980. [Music]"}, {"start": "00:40:24", "end": "00:40:32", "text": "Searching for this password on the Chinese web, we find an internet user whose pseudonym is love"}, {"start": "00:40:32", "end": "00:40:36", "text": "zk1980. To our knowledge, there is only"}, {"start": "00:40:37", "end": "00:40:44", "text": "one. On one of the most popular Chinese discussion forums, user love zk1980"}, {"start": "00:40:44", "end": "00:40:51", "text": "posted several messages in 2012 in the military section."}, {"start": "00:40:51", "end": "00:40:56", "text": "An erroneous wording in one of my posts about a senior staff member caused a"}, {"start": "00:40:56", "end": "00:41:02", "text": "great misunderstanding within the staff. I have apologized for my mistake. So I"}, {"start": "00:41:02", "end": "00:41:09", "text": "ask you to kindly delete the message. In another post he specifies"}, {"start": "00:41:09", "end": "00:41:17", "text": "the third department of the general staff which is the branch of the Chinese military specializing in cyber espionage"}, {"start": "00:41:17", "end": "00:41:22", "text": "at that time. This is the department that the Chinese military indicted by"}, {"start": "00:41:22", "end": "00:41:31", "text": "the US in 2014 depended [Music]"}, {"start": "00:41:31", "end": "00:41:37", "text": "on. In a commercial register, we find Love ZK1980 again, but in a different"}, {"start": "00:41:37", "end": "00:41:45", "text": "form. An email address to contact a company in an IT group."}, {"start": "00:41:45", "end": "00:41:52", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:41:52", "end": "00:42:00", "text": "The main company of this group is located in a big city in the southeast of China. We make our way"}, {"start": "00:42:02", "end": "00:42:07", "text": "there. The company is based at the address indicated. Its name is on the"}, {"start": "00:42:07", "end": "00:42:18", "text": "entrance sign of the building. [Music]"}, {"start": "00:42:20", "end": "00:42:29", "text": "On this major Chinese job board, this company says it needs someone to translate documents written in European"}, {"start": "00:42:30", "end": "00:42:36", "text": "languages. Job description, research and analyze various documents related to"}, {"start": "00:42:36", "end": "00:42:42", "text": "reports. Required skill, good command of current events."}, {"start": "00:42:43", "end": "00:42:49", "text": "Good command of current events. One of the skills needed to decipher coro"}, {"start": "00:42:49", "end": "00:42:56", "text": "documents. While there is no indication that the company is hiring to translate stolen cables, it needs people it can"}, {"start": "00:42:56", "end": "00:43:02", "text": "trust. In another announcement, it says it gives priority to members of the"}, {"start": "00:43:02", "end": "00:43:08", "text": "Communist Party. Equipped with a discrete camera,"}, {"start": "00:43:08", "end": "00:43:14", "text": "a Chinese-speaking journalist from our team poses as a"}, {"start": "00:43:30", "end": "00:43:35", "text": "candidate. Oh, okay. Okay."}, {"start": "00:43:41", "end": "00:43:44", "text": "Huh?"}, {"start": "00:43:56", "end": "00:44:00", "text": "Okay. Okay."}, {"start": "00:44:04", "end": "00:44:11", "text": "Our goal that day to confirm the existence of this company and its need for translators. On the job board, the"}, {"start": "00:44:11", "end": "00:44:20", "text": "manager listed for this company has the initials ZK suspiciously close to love"}, {"start": "00:44:25", "end": "00:44:33", "text": "ZK1980. He claims to have many years of work experience in Chinese ministries."}, {"start": "00:44:38", "end": "00:44:44", "text": "A few days later, we try to reach him by phone."}, {"start": "00:45:11", "end": "00:45:14", "text": "money."}, {"start": "00:45:41", "end": "00:45:54", "text": "Oh, that's [Music]"}, {"start": "00:46:01", "end": "00:46:08", "text": "We try again by email. The company never respond to our repeated requests for an"}, {"start": "00:46:08", "end": "00:46:15", "text": "interview. Radio silence also from the Chinese ambassador to France, Luchai."}, {"start": "00:46:16", "end": "00:46:21", "text": "If we review the facts, confidential European diplomatic documents have been"}, {"start": "00:46:21", "end": "00:46:28", "text": "stolen on mass. A US company claims it's a Chinese cyber"}, {"start": "00:46:28", "end": "00:46:33", "text": "[Music] attack. The hacker's password love"}, {"start": "00:46:33", "end": "00:46:38", "text": "ZK1980 without establishing definitive proof points to the boss of a Chinese"}, {"start": "00:46:38", "end": "00:46:44", "text": "computer company that's looking for European language translators."}, {"start": "00:46:47", "end": "00:46:55", "text": "What does the European Union know about this attack? [Music]"}, {"start": "00:46:56", "end": "00:47:03", "text": "So, are you in charge of cyber related issues for the European Union? I am the"}, {"start": "00:47:03", "end": "00:47:10", "text": "managing director for common security and defense policy uh of the European"}, {"start": "00:47:10", "end": "00:47:17", "text": "Union in the European Union external action service which is basically a foreign service of the European Union"}, {"start": "00:47:17", "end": "00:47:23", "text": "and this also includes cyber security. Great. We are following up a story"}, {"start": "00:47:23", "end": "00:47:29", "text": "published in 2018. Uh it was the Kore"}, {"start": "00:47:29", "end": "00:47:34", "text": "hack. Have you heard about it? Yes, of course I have heard about you"}, {"start": "00:47:34", "end": "00:47:39", "text": "know the the the particular attack that that you have mentioned is is only one"}, {"start": "00:47:39", "end": "00:47:44", "text": "of the very few attacks very many attacks that have been going on are"}, {"start": "00:47:44", "end": "00:47:51", "text": "going on and probably will be going on. So uh on our side we are constantly"}, {"start": "00:47:51", "end": "00:48:00", "text": "dealing with this challenge but so there is uh there has been a hack right?"}, {"start": "00:48:00", "end": "00:48:07", "text": "I cannot comment on those uh leaks uh that appeared in different um in"}, {"start": "00:48:07", "end": "00:48:14", "text": "different um media outlets. The diplomat half-heartedly"}, {"start": "00:48:14", "end": "00:48:19", "text": "acknowledges the hacking of Coro then changes the"}, {"start": "00:48:21", "end": "00:48:26", "text": "subject. Were there any diplomatic response from the European Union"}, {"start": "00:48:26", "end": "00:48:34", "text": "following this incident? We have uh in our machinery uh several uh"}, {"start": "00:48:34", "end": "00:48:40", "text": "possibilities but I would like uh not to go into more details when it comes to"}, {"start": "00:48:40", "end": "00:48:47", "text": "this uh particular attack that you are referring. As you very well know uh we have uh not attributed any attack to"}, {"start": "00:48:47", "end": "00:48:55", "text": "anyone and why not? uh attribution is uh uh is a"}, {"start": "00:48:55", "end": "00:49:02", "text": "competence of uh member states uh and to have a joint attribution so attribution"}, {"start": "00:49:02", "end": "00:49:10", "text": "at the EU level would be a a very uh difficult and probably a lengthy uh"}, {"start": "00:49:10", "end": "00:49:18", "text": "process to accuse a non-member country of cyber attacks. All 27 EU member states must"}, {"start": "00:49:18", "end": "00:49:24", "text": "agree. We think we have identified the"}, {"start": "00:49:24", "end": "00:49:30", "text": "perpetrators of this hack. We uh followed a trail of clues leading to a"}, {"start": "00:49:30", "end": "00:49:36", "text": "building in in China. Did you did the European Union manage to identify the"}, {"start": "00:49:36", "end": "00:49:43", "text": "individual operators of this hack? Again, I'm really sorry, but I"}, {"start": "00:49:43", "end": "00:49:48", "text": "cannot enter into such details."}, {"start": "00:49:48", "end": "00:49:54", "text": "Is the European Union too weak to speak"}, {"start": "00:49:54", "end": "00:50:00", "text": "out on these cyber attacks and to confront China? No, I mean here I have I"}, {"start": "00:50:00", "end": "00:50:07", "text": "have to completely disagree uh with the notion that we are too weak uh to to to"}, {"start": "00:50:07", "end": "00:50:12", "text": "confront uh anyone. Uh we are clearly concerned by the rise. The"}, {"start": "00:50:12", "end": "00:50:17", "text": "representative sticks to the official line. He reads almost word for word a"}, {"start": "00:50:17", "end": "00:50:22", "text": "sheet drafted by the European Union communication a few months earlier."}, {"start": "00:50:22", "end": "00:50:31", "text": "China for us is um in the same time cooperation partner, economic"}, {"start": "00:50:31", "end": "00:50:38", "text": "competitor and also a systemic rival. We want to pursue a realistic, effective"}, {"start": "00:50:38", "end": "00:50:44", "text": "and coherent engagement with China based on our values and our interests."}, {"start": "00:50:44", "end": "00:50:51", "text": "Okay. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Many thanks. Uh great pleasure."}, {"start": "00:50:51", "end": "00:50:57", "text": "Strong diplomatic language is used. China is now a systemic rival, the"}, {"start": "00:50:57", "end": "00:51:04", "text": "competitor in all areas. But on the attack, on its diplomatic communications, Europe continues to keep"}, {"start": "00:51:04", "end": "00:51:10", "text": "a low profile. They minimized the issue despite the"}, {"start": "00:51:10", "end": "00:51:16", "text": "fact that it was clear where it was coming from. Not going to come out and"}, {"start": "00:51:16", "end": "00:51:24", "text": "explain what they're doing, how they're doing it, etc., because it's already bad as it is in a way. Washington officials,"}, {"start": "00:51:24", "end": "00:51:29", "text": "meanwhile, are hoping for a more aggressive stance from Europe on Chinese"}, {"start": "00:51:29", "end": "00:51:34", "text": "cyber espionage. There's some belief if you if you close"}, {"start": "00:51:34", "end": "00:51:42", "text": "your eyes to it or appease to it, it's going to go away. And it's not. Waiting"}, {"start": "00:51:42", "end": "00:51:48", "text": "until it they have more leverage and become more uh powerful before you have"}, {"start": "00:51:48", "end": "00:51:53", "text": "that discussion is a mistake. Now is the time to try to set the rules"}, {"start": "00:51:53", "end": "00:52:23", "text": "of the road. [Music]"}, {"start": "00:52:30", "end": "00:52:34", "text": "Heat. Heat."}]

[{"start": "00:00:06", "end": "00:00:10", "text": "This plot of land once sat at the heart of the British establishment."}, {"start": "00:00:10", "end": "00:00:16", "text": "But, depending on who you listen to, it could soon become a grave threat to national security."}, {"start": "00:00:25", "end": "00:00:32", "text": "MI5, MI6, even the FBI are sounding the alarm over what many say could form the"}, {"start": "00:00:32", "end": "00:00:36", "text": "centre of one of the biggest espionage networks in Europe."}, {"start": "00:00:36", "end": "00:00:40", "text": "It is a perfect facility for hidden intelligence activities to happen"}, {"start": "00:00:40", "end": "00:00:46", "text": "Likely to become a base for their pan-european espionage activities\u2026"}, {"start": "00:00:46", "end": "00:00:49", "text": "Or, could it be what its owners say it is\u2026 the home of a fraught"}, {"start": "00:00:49", "end": "00:00:53", "text": "but budding relationship between two nations with a lot of history?"}, {"start": "00:00:53", "end": "00:00:57", "text": "This is the proposed site of China\u2019s new embassy in the United Kingdom."}, {"start": "00:00:57", "end": "00:01:02", "text": "If it gets built it wouldn\u2019t just be the biggest in London, it would be the biggest in Europe."}, {"start": "00:01:02", "end": "00:01:03", "text": "Although that\u2019s a big if,"}, {"start": "00:01:03", "end": "00:01:08", "text": "because this has turned into the most controversial development in Britain."}, {"start": "00:01:16", "end": "00:01:19", "text": "So, why does China need such a big HQ in the first place and why does"}, {"start": "00:01:19", "end": "00:01:32", "text": "everyone from local residents to Britain\u2019s spy chief want to stop it from being built?"}, {"start": "00:01:32", "end": "00:01:34", "text": "Embassies are strange places."}, {"start": "00:01:34", "end": "00:01:38", "text": "And, before you all kick off in the comments, yes \u201cembassy\u201d refers to the"}, {"start": "00:01:38", "end": "00:01:42", "text": "diplomatic mission of a country. The building itself is technically called the chancery,"}, {"start": "00:01:42", "end": "00:01:45", "text": "but we\u2019re going with the most commonly used phrase here."}, {"start": "00:01:45", "end": "00:01:48", "text": "On a surface level, it\u2019s an office full of people doing"}, {"start": "00:01:48", "end": "00:01:51", "text": "the kind of boring things we all do in offices."}, {"start": "00:01:51", "end": "00:01:54", "text": "But beyond that, it\u2019s a statement. An image"}, {"start": "00:01:54", "end": "00:01:58", "text": "of a country projected through Portland stone and cream stucco."}, {"start": "00:01:58", "end": "00:02:02", "text": "It may seek to evoke a sense of power or flamboyance."}, {"start": "00:02:02", "end": "00:02:04", "text": "And when you have the rest of the world as your neighbours,"}, {"start": "00:02:04", "end": "00:02:09", "text": "what form your embassy takes can also show your position in the diplomatic pecking order."}, {"start": "00:02:09", "end": "00:02:10", "text": "Either at the top."}, {"start": "00:02:10", "end": "00:02:13", "text": "\u2026 or somewhere near the bottom."}, {"start": "00:02:13", "end": "00:02:17", "text": "They\u2019re governed by a very unusual set of laws. Chief among them being"}, {"start": "00:02:17", "end": "00:02:21", "text": "the golden rule of international diplomacy, that the building and"}, {"start": "00:02:21", "end": "00:02:27", "text": "the staff inside it are off limits to anyone except the country it represents."}, {"start": "00:02:27", "end": "00:02:31", "text": "Over the years, this has become very useful for conducting more than just diplomatic"}, {"start": "00:02:31", "end": "00:02:38", "text": "business. But don\u2019t just take our word for it, here\u2019s a former spymaster to tell us more."}, {"start": "00:02:38", "end": "00:02:42", "text": "Philip Ingram, I'm a former senior British military intelligence officer, I was a Colonel"}, {"start": "00:02:42", "end": "00:02:47", "text": "in military intelligence. The role of an Embassy is to represent the government of the country that"}, {"start": "00:02:47", "end": "00:02:52", "text": "that embassy represents to the government of the countries that the embassy is based in\u2026 but also"}, {"start": "00:02:52", "end": "00:02:57", "text": "what you're there to do is to get an understanding of your host country so you can go back and brief"}, {"start": "00:02:57", "end": "00:03:03", "text": "your government on what's going on and that is gathering information whether information is overt"}, {"start": "00:03:03", "end": "00:03:08", "text": "in the press or talking to people or anything else you're gathering information that's intelligence"}, {"start": "00:03:08", "end": "00:03:13", "text": "it's all open source intelligence but then it also acts as a cover for more secret intelligence"}, {"start": "00:03:13", "end": "00:03:14", "text": "But, we\u2019re getting ahead of ourselves."}, {"start": "00:03:14", "end": "00:03:18", "text": "This right here is China\u2019s current home in the UK."}, {"start": "00:03:18", "end": "00:03:23", "text": "In a sign of how far back relations go between these two nations,"}, {"start": "00:03:23", "end": "00:03:27", "text": "this was actually China\u2019s first embassy anywhere in the world."}, {"start": "00:03:27", "end": "00:03:32", "text": "It was set up by the Qing dynasty in 1876 in the wake of the Margary Affair."}, {"start": "00:03:32", "end": "00:03:38", "text": "Colonial explorer Augustus Margary was killed while establishing trade routes in western China."}, {"start": "00:03:38", "end": "00:03:45", "text": "British officials used this as a pretext to force China to sign an unequal treaty which demanded,"}, {"start": "00:03:45", "end": "00:03:49", "text": "among a lot of other things, that an envoy from the Qing dynasty be"}, {"start": "00:03:49", "end": "00:03:53", "text": "sent to personally apologise to Queen Victoria in London."}, {"start": "00:03:53", "end": "00:03:56", "text": "The house the legation stayed in became its permanent diplomatic"}, {"start": "00:03:56", "end": "00:03:58", "text": "mission and it\u2019s remained that way ever since."}, {"start": "00:03:58", "end": "00:04:01", "text": "As the number of staff grew, the original was"}, {"start": "00:04:01", "end": "00:04:06", "text": "knocked down and rebuilt in 1985 as a concrete frame faced with brick."}, {"start": "00:04:06", "end": "00:04:08", "text": "It was made bigger and these mansard roofs were"}, {"start": "00:04:08", "end": "00:04:11", "text": "added on top but otherwise the facade stayed the same.."}, {"start": "00:04:11", "end": "00:04:15", "text": "It\u2019s a big building by anyone\u2019s standards, but not big enough."}, {"start": "00:04:15", "end": "00:04:20", "text": "Much of China\u2019s consular and visa work is spread across offices around London,"}, {"start": "00:04:20", "end": "00:04:22", "text": "which isn\u2019t exactly ideal."}, {"start": "00:04:22", "end": "00:04:27", "text": "So, in 2018, the People\u2019s Republic snapped up this: Royal Mint Court."}, {"start": "00:04:27", "end": "00:04:32", "text": "There\u2019s no shortage of space here. The site contains several buildings spread"}, {"start": "00:04:32", "end": "00:04:36", "text": "across five and a half acres of prime London real estate."}, {"start": "00:04:36", "end": "00:04:41", "text": "And, it gets even better. This site sits in the bustling heart of London. You\u2019ve"}, {"start": "00:04:41", "end": "00:04:46", "text": "got the Tower of London over there, and just down that way is the river and Tower Bridge."}, {"start": "00:04:46", "end": "00:04:50", "text": "As the name suggests, it used to be the home of the Royal Mint, where all of Britain\u2019s money was"}, {"start": "00:04:50", "end": "00:04:57", "text": "printed. As recently as 1970, every pound and penny in the country came out of these gates."}, {"start": "00:04:57", "end": "00:05:01", "text": "Which is why it was built here. If there were ever any problems,"}, {"start": "00:05:01", "end": "00:05:05", "text": "soldiers could be called over from the tower to sort it things out."}, {"start": "00:05:05", "end": "00:05:10", "text": "The thing to take away from this is that in a business where prestige means everything,"}, {"start": "00:05:10", "end": "00:05:13", "text": "it doesn\u2019t get much better than this."}, {"start": "00:05:14", "end": "00:05:18", "text": "One thing we\u2019ve learned working on projects like this where politics,"}, {"start": "00:05:18", "end": "00:05:23", "text": "security, and design all collide is that big-picture thinking usually comes from"}, {"start": "00:05:23", "end": "00:05:27", "text": "looking really closely at the details. You have to be able to shift perspective,"}, {"start": "00:05:27", "end": "00:05:30", "text": "to break down problems and approach them from different angles."}, {"start": "00:05:30", "end": "00:05:35", "text": "That\u2019s why I love this app called Brilliant. It\u2019s not just about learning,"}, {"start": "00:05:35", "end": "00:05:39", "text": "it\u2019s something I use to challenge my own thought patterns and stay mentally focused."}, {"start": "00:05:39", "end": "00:05:45", "text": "Brilliant has thousands of lessons in maths, science, data analysis, programming,"}, {"start": "00:05:45", "end": "00:05:49", "text": "you name it. It\u2019s an interactive way of learning which is great if like me you\u2019re someone like me"}, {"start": "00:05:49", "end": "00:05:53", "text": "who gets bored of textbooks pretty quickly. When you\u2019re deep in research on geopolitics"}, {"start": "00:05:53", "end": "00:05:58", "text": "it\u2019s easy to get stuck in the details. So I take regular breaks to give me a sense of perspective,"}, {"start": "00:05:58", "end": "00:06:02", "text": "with courses like this new one on Logic. It\u2019s really helped me think through"}, {"start": "00:06:02", "end": "00:06:07", "text": "problems in a rigorous and methodical way. It\u2019s genuinely a brilliant way to stay"}, {"start": "00:06:07", "end": "00:06:11", "text": "mentally engaged, and it\u2019s something I\u2019ve built into my weekly routine."}, {"start": "00:06:11", "end": "00:06:16", "text": "Viewers of The B1M get 20% off a premium annual subscription which gives you unlimited"}, {"start": "00:06:16", "end": "00:06:20", "text": "daily access to everything Brilliant has to offer. Now if you\u2019re not convinced just yet"}, {"start": "00:06:21", "end": "00:06:24", "text": "you get started for free by clicking on the link down there in the video"}, {"start": "00:06:24", "end": "00:06:30", "text": "description. That link is brilliant.org/theb1m Me and the team here at the B1M massively rate"}, {"start": "00:06:30", "end": "00:06:34", "text": "Brilliant, and by supporting Brilliant you\u2019re helping us continue making great videos for"}, {"start": "00:06:34", "end": "00:06:39", "text": "you guys so please do take the time to check them out we would really, really appreciate it."}, {"start": "00:06:39", "end": "00:06:43", "text": "But for right now, we\u2019re focusing in on the Royal Mint."}, {"start": "00:06:43", "end": "00:06:51", "text": "But as prodigious as the location may be, the complex itself wasn\u2019t exactly \u201cmove in ready\u201d."}, {"start": "00:06:51", "end": "00:06:54", "text": "Various tenants passed through the mint since it closed in 1980,"}, {"start": "00:06:54", "end": "00:06:59", "text": "but it sat empty for years before being bought by the Chinese government."}, {"start": "00:06:59", "end": "00:07:02", "text": "To transform this fixer upper into a world class embassy,"}, {"start": "00:07:02", "end": "00:07:08", "text": "China hired David Chipperfield Architects, one of Britain\u2019s most celebrated studios."}, {"start": "00:07:08", "end": "00:07:11", "text": "And this is what they came up with."}, {"start": "00:07:11", "end": "00:07:15", "text": "The iconic Johnson Smirke Building would remain the centrepiece of the complex,"}, {"start": "00:07:15", "end": "00:07:18", "text": "with the ground floor used for ceremonial engagements."}, {"start": "00:07:18", "end": "00:07:22", "text": "The entire building would be refurbished and upgraded with a modern MEP system."}, {"start": "00:07:22", "end": "00:07:25", "text": "The Seaman\u2019s Register would be significantly remodelled"}, {"start": "00:07:25", "end": "00:07:29", "text": "to transform it into a single, coherent building."}, {"start": "00:07:29", "end": "00:07:31", "text": "The Georgian entrance would be kept and restored,"}, {"start": "00:07:31", "end": "00:07:34", "text": "and the ground floor fitted out for diplomatic reception areas."}, {"start": "00:07:34", "end": "00:07:38", "text": "Finally the 1980s exterior on the west side would be replaced"}, {"start": "00:07:38", "end": "00:07:43", "text": "with a vertical brick facade to unify the building\u2019s aesthetic."}, {"start": "00:07:43", "end": "00:07:48", "text": "The biggest challenge was presented by the two 1980s office blocks."}, {"start": "00:07:48", "end": "00:07:51", "text": "The brief was to keep as much of the original buildings as possible,"}, {"start": "00:07:51", "end": "00:07:56", "text": "but here Chipperfield came up against a whole raft of issues."}, {"start": "00:07:56", "end": "00:08:01", "text": "Now, if you\u2019re a fan of 1980s architecture, this is the place for you. The problem is"}, {"start": "00:08:01", "end": "00:08:04", "text": "that it doesn\u2019t pass muster by today\u2019s building\u2019s standards."}, {"start": "00:08:04", "end": "00:08:08", "text": "You can see the building is covered in these huge glass panels which are pretty terrible"}, {"start": "00:08:08", "end": "00:08:14", "text": "for insulation: in other words, freezing in winter, and boiling hot in summer."}, {"start": "00:08:14", "end": "00:08:17", "text": "You can also see this steelwork protruding right across the facade,"}, {"start": "00:08:17", "end": "00:08:22", "text": "it really is the language, the DNA of this building to express its sculpture."}, {"start": "00:08:22", "end": "00:08:25", "text": "The problem with that is even though it was the height of fashion 40 years"}, {"start": "00:08:25", "end": "00:08:28", "text": "ago everywhere that ties back into the building,"}, {"start": "00:08:28", "end": "00:08:32", "text": "everywhere it penetrates the building envelope to make a connection back to the superstructure,"}, {"start": "00:08:32", "end": "00:08:35", "text": "it creaes something that\u2019s known as a thermal bridge. Which is basically an"}, {"start": "00:08:35", "end": "00:08:41", "text": "engineers way of saying a point at which hot and cold can get in and out of the building."}, {"start": "00:08:41", "end": "00:08:45", "text": "To solve this the two 1980s blocks were extensively redesigned."}, {"start": "00:08:45", "end": "00:08:49", "text": "The building at the rear is to become accommodation for embassy staff."}, {"start": "00:08:49", "end": "00:08:56", "text": "The inefficient cladding and crazy 80s steelwork is out and a restrained, minimalist facade is in."}, {"start": "00:08:56", "end": "00:09:00", "text": "But in keeping with the brief to re-use as much as possible, the overall structure including"}, {"start": "00:09:00", "end": "00:09:05", "text": "the internal steel frame and floorplates were to be kept, albeit with a few tweaks."}, {"start": "00:09:05", "end": "00:09:08", "text": "The original office building featured deep floorplates"}, {"start": "00:09:08", "end": "00:09:10", "text": "which are unsuitable for accommodation."}, {"start": "00:09:10", "end": "00:09:14", "text": "To solve this, the line of the facade would be taken back into the building,"}, {"start": "00:09:14", "end": "00:09:18", "text": "reducing the interior size and providing each apartment with a balcony."}, {"start": "00:09:18", "end": "00:09:20", "text": "Murray House, the other 80\u2019s office block,"}, {"start": "00:09:20", "end": "00:09:24", "text": "would be redeveloped as another showpiece building, The Cultural Exchange."}, {"start": "00:09:24", "end": "00:09:26", "text": "The lower ground floor will be used for"}, {"start": "00:09:26", "end": "00:09:30", "text": "Visa services with offices and a space for cultural events above."}, {"start": "00:09:30", "end": "00:09:34", "text": "Just like with Embassy House, much of the structure of the original building is being kept,"}, {"start": "00:09:34", "end": "00:09:38", "text": "but in a nod to the UK and China\u2019s shared history of ceramics,"}, {"start": "00:09:38", "end": "00:09:43", "text": "its finish is to be clad in celadon glazing. Its grey-green colour traditionally used in"}, {"start": "00:09:43", "end": "00:09:46", "text": "Chinese pottery to represent the sky after rain."}, {"start": "00:09:46", "end": "00:09:49", "text": "So\u2026 perfect for London."}, {"start": "00:09:49", "end": "00:09:53", "text": "But before we get carried away with fancy facades and rain coloured glass,"}, {"start": "00:09:53", "end": "00:09:58", "text": "embassies also have a very particular set of requirements regarding security."}, {"start": "00:09:58", "end": "00:10:01", "text": "You have look at the threats, and the threats will fall roughly into two"}, {"start": "00:10:01", "end": "00:10:04", "text": "areas. A physical threat. An electronic threat."}, {"start": "00:10:04", "end": "00:10:09", "text": "So from a physical threat you\u2019ll start to keep any potential terror threats, vehicles,"}, {"start": "00:10:09", "end": "00:10:13", "text": "people and all he rest of it, keep that as far away from the embassy as possible so"}, {"start": "00:10:13", "end": "00:10:18", "text": "in case something goes bang, it\u2019s not going to cause damage or cause the embassy to collapse."}, {"start": "00:10:18", "end": "00:10:22", "text": "This is the US embassy in London, completed in 2017."}, {"start": "00:10:22", "end": "00:10:25", "text": "Despite its blocky appearance, it uses a lot of"}, {"start": "00:10:25", "end": "00:10:29", "text": "clever techniques to hide a very substantial security presence."}, {"start": "00:10:29", "end": "00:10:31", "text": "To begin with the whole building is raised"}, {"start": "00:10:31", "end": "00:10:35", "text": "up from ground level and placed on top of a large grassy mound."}, {"start": "00:10:35", "end": "00:10:37", "text": "This gives the building an attractive park setting,"}, {"start": "00:10:37", "end": "00:10:43", "text": "but also provides a 100M blast zone in case anything, indeed, goes bang."}, {"start": "00:10:43", "end": "00:10:47", "text": "On the north side, a row of hedges hides vehicle bollards and for anyone"}, {"start": "00:10:47", "end": "00:10:52", "text": "who gets past that, there\u2019s a two and a half metre deep lake waiting beyond."}, {"start": "00:10:52", "end": "00:10:58", "text": "That trick is repeated on the south side by way of a grass meadow which hides a huge trench."}, {"start": "00:10:58", "end": "00:11:03", "text": "These star-shaped blinds keep the sun off the building\u2019s huge exterior but"}, {"start": "00:11:03", "end": "00:11:08", "text": "they also obscure any device that may try and detect what\u2019s going on inside."}, {"start": "00:11:08", "end": "00:11:11", "text": "All very clever stuff, but the US embassy had the"}, {"start": "00:11:11", "end": "00:11:14", "text": "benefit of being built on a brownfield site from scratch."}, {"start": "00:11:14", "end": "00:11:18", "text": "It won\u2019t surprise you to know that the full security details of the Chinese"}, {"start": "00:11:18", "end": "00:11:23", "text": "embassy aren\u2019t publicly available, but a set of recommendations made by the local"}, {"start": "00:11:23", "end": "00:11:33", "text": "council did give some insights into the kind of tricks the building is gonna have up its sleeve."}, {"start": "00:11:33", "end": "00:11:38", "text": "Embassies attract protests. With the site being surrounded by busy roads,"}, {"start": "00:11:38", "end": "00:11:44", "text": "this park at the rear was identified as one of the few areas where large groups could gather."}, {"start": "00:11:44", "end": "00:11:48", "text": "So, \u00a375,000 will be spent on landscaping and gym"}, {"start": "00:11:48", "end": "00:11:51", "text": "equipment to break up the space and make it an impractical place to meet."}, {"start": "00:11:51", "end": "00:11:55", "text": "As well as this, nearly a quarter of a million pounds is being given to the local"}, {"start": "00:11:55", "end": "00:12:02", "text": "council to equip this part of London with new CCTV to monitor everybody in the area."}, {"start": "00:12:02", "end": "00:12:06", "text": "Aside from that, most other features we know about are distinctly low-tech."}, {"start": "00:12:06", "end": "00:12:10", "text": "The existing boundary wall is big enough to secure most of the perimeter,"}, {"start": "00:12:10", "end": "00:12:14", "text": "although it\u2019s going to be reinforced with blast protection in certain places."}, {"start": "00:12:14", "end": "00:12:17", "text": "Vehicle bollards will be placed along the more open areas of the"}, {"start": "00:12:17", "end": "00:12:22", "text": "site and the railings at the front are to be raised by 30-centimetres."}, {"start": "00:12:22", "end": "00:12:26", "text": "Back in 2018 when planning began, spirits were high."}, {"start": "00:12:26", "end": "00:12:30", "text": "Ambassador Liu Xiaoming declared that the new premises were the \u201cgolden fruit of a"}, {"start": "00:12:30", "end": "00:12:39", "text": "China-UK \"\u2019Golden Era\u2019\u201d and an embodiment of \u201cChina's dream for a harmonious world.\u201d"}, {"start": "00:12:39", "end": "00:12:45", "text": "In June 2021 the Chinese Diplomatic Mission submitted its plans to the local authority."}, {"start": "00:12:45", "end": "00:12:49", "text": "And almost immediately, their hopes came crashing back down to earth."}, {"start": "00:12:49", "end": "00:12:53", "text": "\u201cLet\u2019s be clear, the so called \u2018golden era\u2019 is over\u201d"}, {"start": "00:12:53", "end": "00:12:56", "text": "In the intervening years, relations between China"}, {"start": "00:12:56", "end": "00:13:02", "text": "and the UK had deteriorated and as a result, the fruit also began to sour."}, {"start": "00:13:02", "end": "00:13:07", "text": "Heritage groups objected to the symbolism of such an historic site being transformed into a foreign"}, {"start": "00:13:07", "end": "00:13:12", "text": "embassy, while local residents living next door to the site said their concerns had been ignored."}, {"start": "00:13:12", "end": "00:13:18", "text": "Even while filming this video, we were approached by neighbours who claimed some homeowners had"}, {"start": "00:13:18", "end": "00:13:23", "text": "been unable to sell their flats due to the freehold being bought by the Chinese state."}, {"start": "00:13:23", "end": "00:13:27", "text": "At a local council meeting, a motion was tabled to rename"}, {"start": "00:13:27", "end": "00:13:31", "text": "neighbouring streets in protest of China\u2019s human rights record."}, {"start": "00:13:31", "end": "00:13:35", "text": "But the loudest objections came from the shadows\u2026"}, {"start": "00:13:35", "end": "00:13:39", "text": "Concerns from the intelligence community circled on the threat of espionage."}, {"start": "00:13:39", "end": "00:13:41", "text": "As it turns out, the prime location of"}, {"start": "00:13:41", "end": "00:13:46", "text": "the embassy would give it access to much more than just prestige."}, {"start": "00:13:46", "end": "00:13:51", "text": "Right here is the City of London and here is Canary Wharf. Together they"}, {"start": "00:13:51", "end": "00:13:55", "text": "make up the second largest financial hub in the world."}, {"start": "00:13:55", "end": "00:13:59", "text": "Sitting right in the middle of them is Royal Mint Court."}, {"start": "00:13:59", "end": "00:14:04", "text": "It's got a physical view of a lot of the buildings in the City of London. And where"}, {"start": "00:14:04", "end": "00:14:08", "text": "you've got view. You can have antenna that can intercept wireless signals that are going"}, {"start": "00:14:08", "end": "00:14:12", "text": "between them and wireless communications and download that. Every embassy has got"}, {"start": "00:14:12", "end": "00:14:15", "text": "the ability to suck information out of the atmosphere because it is recognised"}, {"start": "00:14:15", "end": "00:14:19", "text": "as Chinese national territory, so there's nothing we can do about it."}, {"start": "00:14:19", "end": "00:14:24", "text": "But what\u2019s above the embassy is not nearly as concerning as what\u2019s below it."}, {"start": "00:14:24", "end": "00:14:27", "text": "This is the masterplan of the Embassy\u2019s basement."}, {"start": "00:14:27", "end": "00:14:30", "text": "It shows the service cores, vehicle entrance, and parking layout."}, {"start": "00:14:30", "end": "00:14:33", "text": "What it doesn\u2019t show is anything here."}, {"start": "00:14:33", "end": "00:14:35", "text": "Now with secure buildings like these,"}, {"start": "00:14:35", "end": "00:14:40", "text": "it\u2019s normal to redact some information on publicly available documents, but this,"}, {"start": "00:14:40", "end": "00:14:45", "text": "along with the sheer size of the basement, caused panic among security analysts."}, {"start": "00:14:45", "end": "00:14:50", "text": "The basement is huge and people can move from the accommodation blocks into the"}, {"start": "00:14:50", "end": "00:14:57", "text": "basement without being seen.every embassy has got a secure facility within it that"}, {"start": "00:14:57", "end": "00:15:01", "text": "their national intelligence people will sit in\u2026 The conversations happen in there so they can't"}, {"start": "00:15:01", "end": "00:15:06", "text": "be eavesdropped on And you're seeing how much of that is greyed out and classified. It'd be"}, {"start": "00:15:06", "end": "00:15:12", "text": "interesting to see whether there's Faraday cage type capability built into the walls and all"}, {"start": "00:15:12", "end": "00:15:18", "text": "of the rest to stop external probes being put down to try and listen as to what's going on."}, {"start": "00:15:18", "end": "00:15:24", "text": "Such worries aren\u2019t unprecedented. In 2020 the Irish government rejected a proposed"}, {"start": "00:15:24", "end": "00:15:29", "text": "extension to the Russian embassy in Dublin, which contained plans for a vast basement."}, {"start": "00:15:29", "end": "00:15:37", "text": "The facility would have included 20 storage areas, 13 toilets, and four unmarked rooms."}, {"start": "00:15:37", "end": "00:15:40", "text": "But there was another very specific reason officials"}, {"start": "00:15:40", "end": "00:15:43", "text": "had to be concerned about the threat this basement posed."}, {"start": "00:15:43", "end": "00:15:48", "text": "Running through the area are communications cables linking London\u2019s two financial hubs."}, {"start": "00:15:48", "end": "00:15:52", "text": "Although the exact location of this cable is secret, the risk to it was enough to"}, {"start": "00:15:52", "end": "00:15:58", "text": "cause the former head of MI6, Sir Richard Dearlove, to speak out against the plan."}, {"start": "00:15:58", "end": "00:16:01", "text": "In an interview with the i newspaper, he said:"}, {"start": "00:16:01", "end": "00:16:05", "text": "\u201cIf there are cables under the site\u2026 the Chinese with impunity\u2026 can link into them"}, {"start": "00:16:05", "end": "00:16:10", "text": "[and] listen to everything or collect anything and everything going down those communication chains.\u201d"}, {"start": "00:16:10", "end": "00:16:17", "text": "Tapping into that will give access to endless amounts of data. The Chinese hoover everything up."}, {"start": "00:16:17", "end": "00:16:21", "text": "They're hoovering it up, just put it in servers in continental China, knowing they can't process"}, {"start": "00:16:21", "end": "00:16:25", "text": "it and analyse it at the moment, but they will be able to once quantum computing comes in. China's"}, {"start": "00:16:25", "end": "00:16:30", "text": "leading the world in development of quantum computing. And that's only a few short years away."}, {"start": "00:16:30", "end": "00:16:36", "text": "Shortly after the planning application was made, the head of Britain\u2019s domestic spy agency, MI5 and"}, {"start": "00:16:36", "end": "00:16:42", "text": "the director of the FBI gave a speech warning of Beijing\u2019s \u201cindustrial\u201d levels of espionage."}, {"start": "00:16:42", "end": "00:16:46", "text": "In a statement, the Chinese embassy condemned these remarks calling them"}, {"start": "00:16:46", "end": "00:16:49", "text": "\u201cfabrications\u201d and urged the UK to \u201cdo more that"}, {"start": "00:16:49", "end": "00:16:54", "text": "is conducive to mutually beneficial cooperation between China and the UK\u201d"}, {"start": "00:16:54", "end": "00:16:57", "text": "But the damage was done. In December 2022,"}, {"start": "00:16:57", "end": "00:17:03", "text": "the local planning committee unanimously voted to reject permission for the new embassy."}, {"start": "00:17:03", "end": "00:17:09", "text": "No appeal was launched against the verdict and with that, the plan was dead in the water."}, {"start": "00:17:09", "end": "00:17:11", "text": "And then, this happened\u2026"}, {"start": "00:17:11", "end": "00:17:14", "text": "\u201cWe will have a general election on the 4th July\u201d"}, {"start": "00:17:14", "end": "00:17:19", "text": "\u201cOur country has voted decisively for change\u201d"}, {"start": "00:17:19", "end": "00:17:26", "text": "On July 5, 2024 Labour came to office and just a few days later\u2026"}, {"start": "00:17:26", "end": "00:17:29", "text": "On the 16th July, a planning application was made to Tower Hamlets for an Embassy"}, {"start": "00:17:29", "end": "00:17:33", "text": "at Royal Mint Court, using an identical set of documents\u2026"}, {"start": "00:17:33", "end": "00:17:37", "text": "But why would the local planning committee have a change of heart now? Well,"}, {"start": "00:17:37", "end": "00:17:41", "text": "the election had dealt the Chinese government a rather favourable hand."}, {"start": "00:17:41", "end": "00:17:46", "text": "To get anything built in the UK you need to apply for something called planning permission. If you"}, {"start": "00:17:46", "end": "00:17:49", "text": "want to build a bungalow, a skyscraper or even a bridge you\u2019ve gotta have that"}, {"start": "00:17:49", "end": "00:17:55", "text": "permission. Normally you\u2019d get that from your local council, in this case, Tower Hamlets."}, {"start": "00:17:55", "end": "00:17:59", "text": "99 percent of the time they make the final decision, they decide yes or no whether or"}, {"start": "00:17:59", "end": "00:18:04", "text": "not you can build something but in very rare cases, a project can get called in"}, {"start": "00:18:04", "end": "00:18:09", "text": "by a government minister, the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government,"}, {"start": "00:18:09", "end": "00:18:14", "text": "and in November 2024, that\u2019s exactly what happened here."}, {"start": "00:18:14", "end": "00:18:20", "text": "Up until this latest general election in the UK, the Tories were quite anti-relations with China,"}, {"start": "00:18:20", "end": "00:18:24", "text": "the new labour government quite clearly are trying to look at where they can get"}, {"start": "00:18:24", "end": "00:18:29", "text": "trade benefits and you're with the their policy being economic growth."}, {"start": "00:18:29", "end": "00:18:33", "text": "Post-election, a flurry of diplomatic activity between the two governments ensued,"}, {"start": "00:18:33", "end": "00:18:37", "text": "in an effort to enter yet another new era of relations."}, {"start": "00:18:37", "end": "00:18:42", "text": "The one thing that the Chancellor of the Exchequer wants to do is to try and..."}, {"start": "00:18:42", "end": "00:18:46", "text": "exploit opportunities that there are with the second largest economy in the world,"}, {"start": "00:18:46", "end": "00:18:50", "text": "to try and get something back again, you have to give something."}, {"start": "00:18:50", "end": "00:18:52", "text": "That something is the embassy."}, {"start": "00:18:52", "end": "00:18:57", "text": "But as the new government flashed Beijing an ankle, the backlash at home was huge."}, {"start": "00:19:03", "end": "00:19:06", "text": "Activists, the media and politicians of all"}, {"start": "00:19:06", "end": "00:19:10", "text": "affiliations mobilised to protest against any change of heart."}, {"start": "00:19:10", "end": "00:19:12", "text": "With the final decision out of their hands,"}, {"start": "00:19:12", "end": "00:19:19", "text": "the Tower Hamlets planning committee rejected the re-submitted proposal in a symbolic vote."}, {"start": "00:19:19", "end": "00:19:22", "text": "The opposition even spread beyond Britain\u2019s borders."}, {"start": "00:19:22", "end": "00:19:27", "text": "In June this year the White House warned the new embassy would pose a national security"}, {"start": "00:19:27", "end": "00:19:32", "text": "risk and could endanger intelligence sharing between the two countries."}, {"start": "00:19:32", "end": "00:19:37", "text": "this is something that will be represented quite strongly by UK"}, {"start": "00:19:37", "end": "00:19:43", "text": "intelligence agencies into government and also by US intelligence agencies into UK government\u2026"}, {"start": "00:19:43", "end": "00:19:49", "text": "Our politicians are making a balanced decision as to whether they think that"}, {"start": "00:19:49", "end": "00:19:54", "text": "the risk is something that is going to cause them political risk as opposed to the benefits"}, {"start": "00:19:54", "end": "00:20:01", "text": "that they can achieve politically by allowing this sort of thing to happen."}, {"start": "00:20:01", "end": "00:20:04", "text": "We just don\u2019t know right now whether or not this is going to get built,"}, {"start": "00:20:04", "end": "00:20:07", "text": "a decision is expected later this year"}, {"start": "00:20:07", "end": "00:20:12", "text": "It\u2019s worth pointing out that Britain itself is looking to build a new embassy in Beijing,"}, {"start": "00:20:12", "end": "00:20:16", "text": "but that looks almost impossible if this doesn\u2019t get the go ahead."}, {"start": "00:20:16", "end": "00:20:22", "text": "I guess whatever happens this represents a dramatic"}, {"start": "00:20:22", "end": "00:20:25", "text": "reversal of fortunes for China and the UK."}, {"start": "00:20:25", "end": "00:20:30", "text": "China is no longer the humiliated party arriving on bended knee,"}, {"start": "00:20:30", "end": "00:20:36", "text": "and the UK is tossing up whether it can afford to trade its security for its economy."}, {"start": "00:20:36", "end": "00:20:44", "text": "Behind closed doors, the story of this embassy is anything but diplomatic."}, {"start": "00:20:44", "end": "00:20:50", "text": "This video was sponsored by Brilliant, don\u2019t forget to check them out at the link below"}, {"start": "00:20:50", "end": "00:20:54", "text": "and as always, if you enjoyed this video and you want to get more from the definitive"}, {"start": "00:20:54", "end": "00:20:58", "text": "video channel for construction, make sure you\u2019re subscribed to The B1M."}]

[{"start": "00:00:00", "end": "00:00:06", "text": "I think a lot of people don't realize how massive the positive impact AI is going to have on their life. Well, I"}, {"start": "00:00:06", "end": "00:00:12", "text": "would argue that the idea that this AI disruption doesn't lead us to human catastrophe is optimistic. For example,"}, {"start": "00:00:12", "end": "00:00:19", "text": "people are going to be unemployed in huge numbers. You agree with that, don't you? Yes. If your job is as routine as"}, {"start": "00:00:19", "end": "00:00:26", "text": "it comes, it's gone in the next couple years. But it's going to create new opportunities for wealth creation. Let"}, {"start": "00:00:26", "end": "00:00:31", "text": "me put it to you this way. We have created a new species and nobody on earth can predict what's going to"}, {"start": "00:00:31", "end": "00:00:38", "text": "happen. We are joined by three leading voices to debate the most disruptive shift in human history, the rise of AI."}, {"start": "00:00:38", "end": "00:00:43", "text": "And they're answering the questions you're most scared about. This technology is going to get so much more"}, {"start": "00:00:43", "end": "00:00:49", "text": "powerful. And yes, we're going to go through a period of disruption. But at the other end, we're going to create a fair world. It's enabling people to run"}, {"start": "00:00:49", "end": "00:00:56", "text": "their businesses, make a lot of money, and you can solve meaningful problems such as the breakthroughs in global healthcare and education will be"}, {"start": "00:00:56", "end": "00:01:01", "text": "phenomenal. and you can live an incredibly fulfilling existence. Well, I would just say on that front, this has"}, {"start": "00:01:01", "end": "00:01:07", "text": "always been the fantasy of technologists to do marvelous things with our spare time, but we end up doom scrolling, loneliness epidemic, right? Falling"}, {"start": "00:01:07", "end": "00:01:14", "text": "birth rates. So, the potential for good here is infinite and the potential for bad is 10 times. For example, there's"}, {"start": "00:01:14", "end": "00:01:20", "text": "war, undetectable beat fakes and scams. So, people don't understand how many different ways they are going to be"}, {"start": "00:01:20", "end": "00:01:25", "text": "robbed. Look, I don't think blaming technology for all of it is the right thing. all these issues, they're already"}, {"start": "00:01:25", "end": "00:01:32", "text": "here. You're all fathers here. So, what are you saying to your children? Well, first of all, this has always blown my"}, {"start": "00:01:32", "end": "00:01:38", "text": "mind a little bit. 53% of you that listen to this show regularly haven't yet subscribed to the show. So, could I"}, {"start": "00:01:38", "end": "00:01:44", "text": "ask you for a favor before we start? If you like the show and you like what we do here and you want to support us, the free simple way that you can do just"}, {"start": "00:01:44", "end": "00:01:49", "text": "that is by hitting the subscribe button. And my commitment to you is if you do that, then I'll do everything in my"}, {"start": "00:01:49", "end": "00:01:54", "text": "power, me and my team, to make sure that this show is better for you every single week. We'll listen to your feedback."}, {"start": "00:01:54", "end": "00:01:59", "text": "We'll find the guest that you want me to speak to and we'll continue to do what we do. Thank you so"}, {"start": "00:01:59", "end": "00:02:05", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:02:05", "end": "00:02:12", "text": "much. The reason why I wanted to have this conversation with all of you is because the subject matter of AI, but"}, {"start": "00:02:12", "end": "00:02:18", "text": "more specifically AI agents, has occupied my free time for several weeks"}, {"start": "00:02:18", "end": "00:02:24", "text": "in a row. And actually amad when I started using replet for me it was a"}, {"start": "00:02:24", "end": "00:02:30", "text": "paradigm shift. There was two paradigm shifts in a row that happened about a week apart. Chat GPT released their"}, {"start": "00:02:30", "end": "00:02:37", "text": "image generation model where you could create any image. It was incredibly detailed with text and all those things. That was a huge paradigm shift. And then"}, {"start": "00:02:37", "end": "00:02:42", "text": "in the same week I finally gave in to try and figure out what this term AI agent was that I was hearing all over"}, {"start": "00:02:42", "end": "00:02:48", "text": "the internet. I heard vibe coding. I heard AI agent. I was like I will give it a shot. Mhm. And when I used Replet,"}, {"start": "00:02:48", "end": "00:02:53", "text": "20 minutes in to using Replet, my mind was blown. And I think that night I"}, {"start": "00:02:53", "end": "00:03:00", "text": "stayed up till 3 or 4 a.m. in the morning. For anyone that doesn't know, Replet is a piece of software that"}, {"start": "00:03:00", "end": "00:03:06", "text": "allows you to create software. Mhm. And pretty much any software you you want."}, {"start": "00:03:06", "end": "00:03:13", "text": "So someone like me with absolutely no coding skills was able to build a website, build in Stripe, take payment,"}, {"start": "00:03:13", "end": "00:03:18", "text": "integrate AI into my website, add Google login to the front of my website and do"}, {"start": "00:03:18", "end": "00:03:23", "text": "it within minutes. I then got the piece of software that I had built with no coding skills, sent it to my friends,"}, {"start": "00:03:23", "end": "00:03:28", "text": "and one of my friends put his credit card in and paid. Amazing. So I just launched a SAS company with no coding"}, {"start": "00:03:28", "end": "00:03:36", "text": "skills. to demonstrate an AI agent in a very simple way. I used an online AI agent"}, {"start": "00:03:36", "end": "00:03:42", "text": "called operator to order us all some water from a CVS around the corner. The AI agent did everything end to end and"}, {"start": "00:03:42", "end": "00:03:48", "text": "people will be watching on the screen. It put my credit card details and it picked the water for me. It gave the person a tip. It put some delivery notes"}, {"start": "00:03:48", "end": "00:03:55", "text": "in at some point a guy is going to walk in. He has not interacted with a human. He's interacted with my AI agent. And I"}, {"start": "00:03:55", "end": "00:04:00", "text": "just the reason I use this as an example is again it was a paradigm shift moment for me when I heard about agents. Mhm."}, {"start": "00:04:00", "end": "00:04:07", "text": "about a month ago and I went on and I ordered a bottle of electrolytes and when it when my doorbell rang I freaked"}, {"start": "00:04:07", "end": "00:04:15", "text": "out. I freaked out. But am who are you and what are you doing? So uh I started"}, {"start": "00:04:15", "end": "00:04:22", "text": "programming at a very young age. You know I I built my first business when I was a teenager. I used to go to uh"}, {"start": "00:04:22", "end": "00:04:27", "text": "internet cafes and program there. And I realized that they don't have software to manage the business. I was like oh"}, {"start": "00:04:27", "end": "00:04:33", "text": "why don't you create accounts? I don't have a server. It took me two years to build that piece of software. And that's"}, {"start": "00:04:33", "end": "00:04:40", "text": "sort of embedded in my mind this idea that hey like you know there there's a lot of people in the world with really"}, {"start": "00:04:40", "end": "00:04:49", "text": "amazing ideas especially in the context where they live in that allows them to build uh businesses. However, the main"}, {"start": "00:04:49", "end": "00:04:55", "text": "source of uh friction between an idea and software or call it an idea and"}, {"start": "00:04:55", "end": "00:05:01", "text": "wealth creation is u infrastructure is physical infrastructure is a meaning a"}, {"start": "00:05:01", "end": "00:05:07", "text": "computer in front of you. It is um an internet connection. It is the set of"}, {"start": "00:05:07", "end": "00:05:12", "text": "tools and skills that you need to build that. If we make it so that anyone who"}, {"start": "00:05:12", "end": "00:05:19", "text": "has ideas who who wants to solve problems will be able to do it. I mean imagine the kind of world that we we"}, {"start": "00:05:19", "end": "00:05:25", "text": "could live in where no one can be anyone who has merit anyone who can think"}, {"start": "00:05:25", "end": "00:05:31", "text": "clearly anyone who can generate a lot of ideas can generate wealth. I mean that's"}, {"start": "00:05:31", "end": "00:05:36", "text": "an amazing world to live in right anywhere in the world. So with with Replet the company that I started in"}, {"start": "00:05:36", "end": "00:05:43", "text": "2016 the the idea was like okay coding is difficult how do we solve coding and"}, {"start": "00:05:43", "end": "00:05:48", "text": "um we built every part of the process the hosting the code editor the only"}, {"start": "00:05:48", "end": "00:05:53", "text": "missing thing was the you know the AI agent and so over the past two years"}, {"start": "00:05:53", "end": "00:05:58", "text": "we've been working on this AI agent that you can just you know similar since chat"}, {"start": "00:05:58", "end": "00:06:05", "text": "GPT you know this revolution with Genai and you can just uh speak your ideas into existence. I mean this starts you"}, {"start": "00:06:05", "end": "00:06:12", "text": "know sounding religious like this is like the you know the gods you know that the myths that that um that humans have"}, {"start": "00:06:12", "end": "00:06:18", "text": "created they used to imagine a world where you can you can be everywhere and anywhere at once that's sort of the"}, {"start": "00:06:18", "end": "00:06:25", "text": "internet and you can also speak your ideas into into existence and um you know it's it's still early I think uh"}, {"start": "00:06:25", "end": "00:06:31", "text": "replet agent is is a fantastic tool and I think this technology is going to get so much more powerful"}, {"start": "00:06:31", "end": "00:06:36", "text": "specifically what is an AI agent. I've got this um graph actually here which I"}, {"start": "00:06:36", "end": "00:06:43", "text": "don't need to pass to any of you for you to be able to see the growth of AI agents. But this graph is Google search"}, {"start": "00:06:43", "end": "00:06:49", "text": "trend data. This also resembles our revenue too. Oh, okay. Right. The the water has"}, {"start": "00:06:49", "end": "00:06:54", "text": "arrived. Hello. Thank you. You can come on in. Can I have a go, please? Yes."}, {"start": "00:06:54", "end": "00:07:00", "text": "It's 3951. Great. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you. I mean this is this is"}, {"start": "00:07:00", "end": "00:07:05", "text": "like a supernatural kind of power. You conjured water. I conjured water from my"}, {"start": "00:07:05", "end": "00:07:11", "text": "mind. Yeah. And it's shown up here with us and it clearly thinks we need a lot."}, {"start": "00:07:11", "end": "00:07:18", "text": "But but just to define the term AI agent for someone that's never heard the term before. Yeah. Yeah. So uh I assume most"}, {"start": "00:07:18", "end": "00:07:25", "text": "of the audience now are familiar with chat, right? You can go in and you can talk to an AI. It can search the web for"}, {"start": "00:07:25", "end": "00:07:32", "text": "you. It has a limited amount of tools. Uh maybe it can call a calculator to do some addition subtraction for you, but"}, {"start": "00:07:32", "end": "00:07:38", "text": "that's about it. It's a request response style. Agents are when you give it a"}, {"start": "00:07:38", "end": "00:07:45", "text": "request and they can work indefinitely until they achieve a goal or they run"}, {"start": "00:07:45", "end": "00:07:50", "text": "into an error and they need your help. It's an AI bot that has access to tools."}, {"start": "00:07:50", "end": "00:07:58", "text": "Those tools are access to the to a web browser like operator, access to a programming environment say like replet,"}, {"start": "00:07:58", "end": "00:08:03", "text": "access to um you know credit cards. The more tools you give the agent, the more"}, {"start": "00:08:03", "end": "00:08:10", "text": "powerful it is. Of course there's all these consideration around security and safety and all of that stuff. But uh the"}, {"start": "00:08:10", "end": "00:08:15", "text": "the most important thing is the AI agent will determine when it finished"}, {"start": "00:08:15", "end": "00:08:22", "text": "executing. Uh today AI agents can run for anywhere between you know 30 seconds"}, {"start": "00:08:22", "end": "00:08:28", "text": "to 30 minutes. Uh there's a recent paper that came out that's showing that every"}, {"start": "00:08:28", "end": "00:08:34", "text": "7 months the number of minutes that the agent can run for is doubling. So we're"}, {"start": "00:08:34", "end": "00:08:40", "text": "at like 30 minutes now. In seven months we're going to be at an hour then you know 2 hours. Pretty soon we're going to"}, {"start": "00:08:40", "end": "00:08:45", "text": "be at days. And at that point, you know, AI agent is doing labor is doing kind of"}, {"start": "00:08:45", "end": "00:08:52", "text": "humanlike labor and actually uh OpenAI's new model 03 beat the expectation. So it"}, {"start": "00:08:52", "end": "00:08:58", "text": "it sort of doubled coherence over long horizon tasks in just three or four"}, {"start": "00:08:58", "end": "00:09:04", "text": "months. So we're in this massive and I mean this looks this exponential graph,"}, {"start": "00:09:04", "end": "00:09:11", "text": "you know, that shows you the massive trend we're on. Brett, give us a little bit of of your"}, {"start": "00:09:11", "end": "00:09:16", "text": "background, but also I saw you writing some notes there. There was a couple of words used there that I thought were"}, {"start": "00:09:16", "end": "00:09:22", "text": "quite interesting, especially considering what I know about you. The word God was used a few times."}, {"start": "00:09:22", "end": "00:09:30", "text": "Well, uh, let me just say I'm an evolutionary biologist, and probably for the purposes of this conversation, it"}, {"start": "00:09:30", "end": "00:09:36", "text": "would be best to think of me as a complex systems theorist. One of the things that I believe is true about AI"}, {"start": "00:09:36", "end": "00:09:42", "text": "is that this is the first time that we have built machines that have crossed"}, {"start": "00:09:42", "end": "00:09:48", "text": "the threshold from the highly complicated into the truly complex."}, {"start": "00:09:48", "end": "00:09:55", "text": "And I will say I'm listening to this conversation with a um a a mixture of"}, {"start": "00:09:55", "end": "00:10:03", "text": "profound hope and dread because seems to me that it is obvious"}, {"start": "00:10:03", "end": "00:10:09", "text": "that the potential good that can come from this technology is effectively"}, {"start": "00:10:09", "end": "00:10:16", "text": "infinite. But I would say that the harm is probably 10 times. It's a bigger infinity. And the question of how we are"}, {"start": "00:10:16", "end": "00:10:22", "text": "going to get to a place where we can leverage the obvious power that is here"}, {"start": "00:10:22", "end": "00:10:27", "text": "to do good and dodge the worst harms. I have no idea. I I know we're not"}, {"start": "00:10:27", "end": "00:10:34", "text": "prepared. So I hear you talking about agents and I think um that's marvelous."}, {"start": "00:10:34", "end": "00:10:40", "text": "We can all use such a thing right away and the more powerful it is, the better. The idea of something that can solve"}, {"start": "00:10:40", "end": "00:10:50", "text": "problems on your behalf while you're doing something else is marvelous. But of course, that is the precondition for"}, {"start": "00:10:50", "end": "00:10:55", "text": "absolute devastation to arise out of a miscommunication, right? to have"}, {"start": "00:10:55", "end": "00:11:01", "text": "something acting autonomously to accomplish a goal, you damn well better"}, {"start": "00:11:01", "end": "00:11:06", "text": "understand what the goal really is and how to how to pull back the reins that"}, {"start": "00:11:06", "end": "00:11:14", "text": "it starts accomplishing something that wasn't the goal. The potential for abuse is also utterly profound. You know, you"}, {"start": "00:11:14", "end": "00:11:24", "text": "can imagine, just pick your your dark mirror uh fantasy dystopia where something has"}, {"start": "00:11:24", "end": "00:11:29", "text": "been told to hunt you down until you're dead and it sees that as a, you know, a"}, {"start": "00:11:29", "end": "00:11:34", "text": "technical challenge. So, I don't know quite how"}, {"start": "00:11:34", "end": "00:11:39", "text": "to balance a discussion about all of the things that can clearly come from this"}, {"start": "00:11:39", "end": "00:11:45", "text": "that are utterly transcendent. I mean, I do think it is not inappropriate to be"}, {"start": "00:11:45", "end": "00:11:52", "text": "invoking God or biblical metaphors here. You know, you're uh producing water"}, {"start": "00:11:52", "end": "00:12:00", "text": "seemingly from thin air. I believe that does have an exact biblical parallel. Uh so, uh any case, the the power is"}, {"start": "00:12:00", "end": "00:12:06", "text": "here, but so so too is the need for cautionary tales, which we don't have."}, {"start": "00:12:06", "end": "00:12:11", "text": "That's the problem is that there's no body of myth that will warn us properly of this tool because we've just crossed"}, {"start": "00:12:11", "end": "00:12:19", "text": "a threshold that is similar in its capacity to alter the world as the"}, {"start": "00:12:19", "end": "00:12:24", "text": "invention of writing. I really think that's that's where we are. We're talking about something that is going to"}, {"start": "00:12:24", "end": "00:12:31", "text": "fundamentally alter what humans are with no plan. You know, writing alters the"}, {"start": "00:12:31", "end": "00:12:38", "text": "world slowly because the number of people who can do it is tiny at first and remain so for thousands of years."}, {"start": "00:12:38", "end": "00:12:43", "text": "This is changing things weakly and that's an awful lot of power to just"}, {"start": "00:12:43", "end": "00:12:50", "text": "simply have dumped on a system that wasn't well regulated to begin with. Dan, yeah. So, I'm an I'm an"}, {"start": "00:12:50", "end": "00:12:56", "text": "entrepreneur. Um, I've been building businesses for the last 20 plus years. I'm completely well positioned between"}, {"start": "00:12:56", "end": "00:13:02", "text": "the two of you here. the excitement of the opportunity and the terror uh of what could go on. There's this image"}, {"start": "00:13:02", "end": "00:13:08", "text": "that I saw of New York City in 1900 and"}, {"start": "00:13:08", "end": "00:13:15", "text": "every single vehicle on the street is a horse and cart and then 13 years later the same photo from the same vantage"}, {"start": "00:13:15", "end": "00:13:22", "text": "point and every single vehicle on the street is a car. And in 13 years all the horses had been removed and cars had"}, {"start": "00:13:22", "end": "00:13:28", "text": "been put in place. And um if you had have interviewed the horses in 1900 and"}, {"start": "00:13:28", "end": "00:13:34", "text": "said uh how do you feel about your level of confidence uh in in the world? The horses would have said well we've been"}, {"start": "00:13:34", "end": "00:13:41", "text": "part of uh humanity for you know horse and hoof hand and hoof for for many many years for for thousands of years."}, {"start": "00:13:41", "end": "00:13:51", "text": "There's one horse for every three humans. Like how bad could it be? You know we'll always have a special place. will always be part of society. Um, and"}, {"start": "00:13:51", "end": "00:13:57", "text": "little did the horses realize that that was not the case. That the horses were going to be put out of of uh business"}, {"start": "00:13:57", "end": "00:14:04", "text": "very very rapidly. And to reason through analogy, you know, there's a lot of us who are now sitting there going, \"Hey,"}, {"start": "00:14:04", "end": "00:14:10", "text": "wait a second. Does this make me a horse in 1900?\" I think a lot of people don't realize how massive these kind of"}, {"start": "00:14:10", "end": "00:14:16", "text": "technologies are going to have as an impact. You know, one minute we're ordering a water and that's cute and the next"}, {"start": "00:14:16", "end": "00:14:23", "text": "minute it can run for days and in your words uh it doesn't stop until it achieves its goal and it comes up with"}, {"start": "00:14:23", "end": "00:14:29", "text": "as many different ways as it could possibly come up with to achieve its goal and in your words it better know"}, {"start": "00:14:29", "end": "00:14:35", "text": "what that goal is. I'm thinking a lot as Daniel's speaking about the vast"}, {"start": "00:14:35", "end": "00:14:40", "text": "application of AI agents and where are the bounds because if if this thing is"}, {"start": "00:14:40", "end": "00:14:46", "text": "going to get incrementally smarter well incrementally might be an understatement it's going to get incredibly smart"}, {"start": "00:14:46", "end": "00:14:53", "text": "incredibly quick and we're seeing this AI race where all of these large language models are competing for intelligence with one another and if"}, {"start": "00:14:53", "end": "00:15:00", "text": "it's able to traverse the internet and click things and order things and write things and create things and all of our"}, {"start": "00:15:00", "end": "00:15:06", "text": "lives run off the internet today. What can't it do? It's going to be smarter than me."}, {"start": "00:15:06", "end": "00:15:11", "text": "No doubt it already is. And it's going to be able to take actions across the internet, which is pretty much where"}, {"start": "00:15:11", "end": "00:15:17", "text": "most of my professional life operates. It's like how I build my businesses. Even this podcast is an internet product"}, {"start": "00:15:17", "end": "00:15:22", "text": "at the end of the day because you can create we've done experiments now and I can show the graphs on my phone to make"}, {"start": "00:15:22", "end": "00:15:29", "text": "AI podcasts and they have we've just managed to get it to have the same retention as the dire CEO. Now with the"}, {"start": "00:15:29", "end": "00:15:34", "text": "image generation model retention as in viewer retention the percentage of people that get to one hour wow is the"}, {"start": "00:15:34", "end": "00:15:42", "text": "same now. So we can make the video, we can publish it, we can script it, you can synthesize my voice sounds like me."}, {"start": "00:15:42", "end": "00:15:47", "text": "So what what is it going to be able to do? Mhm. And can you give me the variety"}, {"start": "00:15:47", "end": "00:15:54", "text": "of use cases that the average person might not have intuitively conceived? Yeah. So I I tend to be an an optimist"}, {"start": "00:15:54", "end": "00:16:00", "text": "and and part of the reason is because I try to understand the limits of the of the technology. What can it do is"}, {"start": "00:16:00", "end": "00:16:06", "text": "anything that we can any sort of set of human data that we can train it on. What"}, {"start": "00:16:06", "end": "00:16:12", "text": "can it not do is anything that uh humans don't know what to do because we don't"}, {"start": "00:16:12", "end": "00:16:17", "text": "have the training data. Of course, it's super smart because it integrates"}, {"start": "00:16:17", "end": "00:16:24", "text": "massive amount of knowledge that you wouldn't be able to read, right? It also much faster. It can run through massive"}, {"start": "00:16:24", "end": "00:16:31", "text": "amount of computation that you know your brain you can't even comprehend because all of that they're smart. They can take"}, {"start": "00:16:31", "end": "00:16:37", "text": "actions but we know the limits of what they can do because we trained them."}, {"start": "00:16:37", "end": "00:16:44", "text": "They're able to simulate what a human can do. So the reason you were able to order the water there is because it was"}, {"start": "00:16:44", "end": "00:16:51", "text": "trained NSF data that includes clicking on Door Dash and ordering water. I"}, {"start": "00:16:51", "end": "00:16:57", "text": "applaud your optimism and I like the way you think about these puzzles, but I think I see you making a mistake that we"}, {"start": "00:16:57", "end": "00:17:02", "text": "are about to discover is very common place. So we have several different"}, {"start": "00:17:02", "end": "00:17:09", "text": "categories of systems. We have simple systems, we have complicated systems, we"}, {"start": "00:17:09", "end": "00:17:14", "text": "have complex systems and then we have complex adaptive systems."}, {"start": "00:17:14", "end": "00:17:20", "text": "And to most of us, a highly complicated system appears like a complex system. We"}, {"start": "00:17:20", "end": "00:17:28", "text": "don't understand the distinction. Technologists often master highly complicated systems and they know, you"}, {"start": "00:17:28", "end": "00:17:35", "text": "know, for example, a computer is a perfectly predictable system inside. There's it's deterministic. Mhm. But to"}, {"start": "00:17:35", "end": "00:17:41", "text": "most of us, it functions, it's it is mysterious enough that it feels like a complex"}, {"start": "00:17:41", "end": "00:17:46", "text": "system. And if you're in the position of having mastered highly complicated"}, {"start": "00:17:46", "end": "00:17:54", "text": "systems and you look at complex systems and you think it's a natural extension, you fail to anticipate just how unpredictable they"}, {"start": "00:17:54", "end": "00:18:00", "text": "are. So even if it is true that today there are limits to what these machines"}, {"start": "00:18:00", "end": "00:18:09", "text": "can do based on their training data, I think the problem is to see what's going to happen. You"}, {"start": "00:18:09", "end": "00:18:16", "text": "really want to start thinking of this as the evolution of a new species that will continue to evolve. It will partially be"}, {"start": "00:18:16", "end": "00:18:21", "text": "shaped by what we ask it to do, the direction we lead it, and it will partially be shaped by things we don't"}, {"start": "00:18:21", "end": "00:18:27", "text": "understand. So, how does this computer that that we have work? Well, one of the"}, {"start": "00:18:27", "end": "00:18:33", "text": "things that it does is we plug them into each other using language. It's almost"}, {"start": "00:18:33", "end": "00:18:41", "text": "as if you've plugged an Ethernet cable in between human minds. And that means that the cognitive potential exceeds the"}, {"start": "00:18:41", "end": "00:18:47", "text": "sum of the individual minds in question. Your AIS are going to do that. And that"}, {"start": "00:18:47", "end": "00:18:54", "text": "means that our ability to say what they are capable of does not come down to well we didn't train it on that data. As"}, {"start": "00:18:54", "end": "00:19:00", "text": "they begin to interact that feedback is going to take them to capabilities we don't anticipate and may not even"}, {"start": "00:19:00", "end": "00:19:08", "text": "recognize once they become present. That's one of my fears. This is an evolving creature and it's not even an"}, {"start": "00:19:08", "end": "00:19:14", "text": "animal. If it were an animal, you could say something about what the limits of that capability are. But this is a new"}, {"start": "00:19:14", "end": "00:19:20", "text": "type of biological creature and it will become capable of things that we don't"}, {"start": "00:19:20", "end": "00:19:26", "text": "even have names for. Even if it didn't do that, even if it just stayed within the boundaries that you're talking"}, {"start": "00:19:26", "end": "00:19:32", "text": "about, you mentioned about it having median level intelligence. Well, that by definition means 50% of the people on"}, {"start": "00:19:32", "end": "00:19:38", "text": "the planet are less intelligent than uh AI. uh you know to a degree it's almost"}, {"start": "00:19:38", "end": "00:19:43", "text": "as if we've just invented a new continent of remote workers. Um there's"}, {"start": "00:19:43", "end": "00:19:49", "text": "billions of them. They've all got a masters or a PhD. They all speak all the languages. Anything that you could call"}, {"start": "00:19:49", "end": "00:19:54", "text": "someone or ask someone over the internet to do, they're there 24/7 and they're 25"}, {"start": "00:19:54", "end": "00:20:01", "text": "cents an hour. Uh if that um so like if that really happened like if we really"}, {"start": "00:20:01", "end": "00:20:08", "text": "did just discover that there were a billion extra people on the planet who all had PhDs and were happy to work almost for free that would have a"}, {"start": "00:20:08", "end": "00:20:15", "text": "massive disruptive impact on society. Like society would have to rethink how everyone lives and works and gets"}, {"start": "00:20:15", "end": "00:20:21", "text": "meaning. Um so like and that's that's if it just stays at a median level of intelligence. Like it's it's pretty"}, {"start": "00:20:21", "end": "00:20:26", "text": "profound. I still think it's it's a tool. this is power that is there to be"}, {"start": "00:20:26", "end": "00:20:34", "text": "harnessed by entrepreneurs. You know, I I think that the world is gonna get disrupted, right? Um and the the you"}, {"start": "00:20:34", "end": "00:20:40", "text": "know, the this you know post-war world that we created where you go through life, you go through 12 years of"}, {"start": "00:20:40", "end": "00:20:46", "text": "education, you get to college and you just check the boxes, you get a job. We"}, {"start": "00:20:46", "end": "00:20:52", "text": "can already see the fractures of that that it is, you know, this American dream is perhaps no longer there. And so"}, {"start": "00:20:52", "end": "00:20:58", "text": "I think the world has already changed. So but but like what are the opportunities? Obviously there are"}, {"start": "00:20:58", "end": "00:21:03", "text": "downsides. The opportunities is for the first time access to opportunity is is"}, {"start": "00:21:03", "end": "00:21:08", "text": "equal. And I I do think there's going to be more inequality. And the reason for"}, {"start": "00:21:08", "end": "00:21:15", "text": "this inequality is because actually Steve Jobs uh you know made this analogy. It's like the the best taxi"}, {"start": "00:21:15", "end": "00:21:21", "text": "driver in New York is like 20% better than the you know the you know average"}, {"start": "00:21:21", "end": "00:21:30", "text": "taxi driver. the best programmer uh can be 10x better. You know, we call we say the 10x engineer. Now, the variance will"}, {"start": "00:21:30", "end": "00:21:36", "text": "be in the thousandx, right? Like the best the best entrepreneur that can"}, {"start": "00:21:36", "end": "00:21:41", "text": "leverage those agents could be better uh could be a thousand times better than"}, {"start": "00:21:41", "end": "00:21:48", "text": "than someone who doesn't have the grit, doesn't have the skill, doesn't have the ambition. Right? So, so that that will"}, {"start": "00:21:48", "end": "00:21:55", "text": "create a world. Yes, there's massive access to opportunity, but there are people who will take seize it and then"}, {"start": "00:21:55", "end": "00:22:02", "text": "they'll seize it and then there'll be people who don't. I imagine it almost like a um a marathon race and AI has two"}, {"start": "00:22:02", "end": "00:22:08", "text": "superpowers. One superpower is to distract people um such as Tik Tok algorithm. That's right. And the other"}, {"start": "00:22:08", "end": "00:22:14", "text": "superpower is to make you hyper creative. So you become a hyper consumer or a hyper creator. And in this marathon"}, {"start": "00:22:14", "end": "00:22:20", "text": "race, the vast majority of people have got their shoes tied together cuz AI is distracting them. Some people are"}, {"start": "00:22:20", "end": "00:22:28", "text": "running traditional race. Some people have got a bicycle and some people have got a Formula 1 vehicle. And it's going"}, {"start": "00:22:28", "end": "00:22:33", "text": "to be very confronting when the results go on the scoreboard and you see, oh,"}, {"start": "00:22:33", "end": "00:22:38", "text": "wait a second. There's a few people who finished this marathon in about 30 minutes. And there's a lot of us who"}, {"start": "00:22:38", "end": "00:22:44", "text": "finished in like 18 hours because we had our shoes tied together. And I can't"}, {"start": "00:22:44", "end": "00:22:50", "text": "understand if we've got equal opportunity why there's so much disparity between how fast it you know"}, {"start": "00:22:50", "end": "00:22:55", "text": "and do, you know, I'm using an analogy, but this idea that, you know, someone like a lot of people are going to start"}, {"start": "00:22:55", "end": "00:23:00", "text": "earning a million dollars a month and a lot of people are going to say, \"Hey, I can't even get a job for $15 an hour.\""}, {"start": "00:23:00", "end": "00:23:07", "text": "there's going to be this kind of interesting wedge. Well, but I I hear in what both of you are saying"}, {"start": "00:23:07", "end": "00:23:17", "text": "a kind of assumption that this will all be done on the up and up. And I do want"}, {"start": "00:23:17", "end": "00:23:24", "text": "to just I am not a doomer. I agree that the doomers are likely incorrect that"}, {"start": "00:23:24", "end": "00:23:30", "text": "their fears are misplaced. But I do think we have a question of a related rates problem."}, {"start": "00:23:30", "end": "00:23:35", "text": "You know I said the potential for good here is infinite and the potential for"}, {"start": "00:23:35", "end": "00:23:41", "text": "bad is 10 times. Right? What I mean is there are lots of"}, {"start": "00:23:41", "end": "00:23:48", "text": "ways in which this obviously empowers people to do things that they were going to be otherwise stuck in the mundane"}, {"start": "00:23:48", "end": "00:23:53", "text": "process of learning to code and then figuring out how to make the code work"}, {"start": "00:23:53", "end": "00:24:00", "text": "and bring it to market and all of that. And this solves a lot of those problems and that's obviously a good thing. really the what we should want is the"}, {"start": "00:24:00", "end": "00:24:06", "text": "wealth creation object as quickly as we can get there. But the problem is you"}, {"start": "00:24:06", "end": "00:24:13", "text": "know as much as it that hyper creative individual is empowered to make wealth"}, {"start": "00:24:13", "end": "00:24:18", "text": "the person who is interested in stealing may be even more empowered. And I'm"}, {"start": "00:24:18", "end": "00:24:24", "text": "concerned about that at at a pretty high level. the the abuse cases may outnumber"}, {"start": "00:24:24", "end": "00:24:31", "text": "the use cases and we don't have a plan for what to do about that. Um to can I"}, {"start": "00:24:31", "end": "00:24:37", "text": "can I give you a quick uh like introduction here like the optimistic view? OpenAI invented uh GP the first"}, {"start": "00:24:37", "end": "00:24:44", "text": "version GPT came out in 2019. 2020 was GPT2 and so OpenAI you know now they get"}, {"start": "00:24:44", "end": "00:24:50", "text": "a lot of criticism and lawsuit from IL Musk that they're no longer open source"}, {"start": "00:24:50", "end": "00:24:56", "text": "right they used to be. The reason is in GPT2 they said we are we are no longer"}, {"start": "00:24:56", "end": "00:25:03", "text": "gonna uh open source this technology because it's going to create um opportunities for abuse such as you know"}, {"start": "00:25:03", "end": "00:25:09", "text": "influencing elections um you know stealing you know grandma's credit card"}, {"start": "00:25:09", "end": "00:25:14", "text": "and so on so forth. Wouldn't you say Brett that it is kind of surprising how"}, {"start": "00:25:14", "end": "00:25:19", "text": "little abuse we've seen so far? I don't know how much abuse we've seen"}, {"start": "00:25:19", "end": "00:25:25", "text": "so far. I don't know how any of us do. And I also even the example that you"}, {"start": "00:25:25", "end": "00:25:31", "text": "suggest where chat GPT is no longer open source to prevent abuse. I'm taking"}, {"start": "00:25:31", "end": "00:25:38", "text": "their word for it that that's the motivation. Where as a systems theorist, I would say, well, if you had a"}, {"start": "00:25:38", "end": "00:25:46", "text": "technology that was excellent at enhancing your capacity to wield power,"}, {"start": "00:25:46", "end": "00:25:52", "text": "then open sourcing it is a failure to capitalize on that. and that the most"}, {"start": "00:25:52", "end": "00:25:58", "text": "remunerative use is to keep it private and then either sell the ability to"}, {"start": "00:25:58", "end": "00:26:05", "text": "manipulate elections to people who want to do so or sell the ability to have it kept off the table for people who don't."}, {"start": "00:26:05", "end": "00:26:12", "text": "And I would expect that that's probably what's going on. There's no if you have a technology as transformative as this,"}, {"start": "00:26:12", "end": "00:26:18", "text": "giving it away for free is counterintuitive, which leaves those of us in the public more or less at the"}, {"start": "00:26:18", "end": "00:26:25", "text": "mercy of the people who have it. So I I don't see the reason for comfort"}, {"start": "00:26:25", "end": "00:26:33", "text": "there. We are at the dawn of this radical transformation of humans that by"}, {"start": "00:26:33", "end": "00:26:40", "text": "its very nature as a truly complex and emergent innovation. Nobody on earth can"}, {"start": "00:26:40", "end": "00:26:48", "text": "predict what's going to happen. We can we're on the event horizon of something. And the problem is you know we can talk"}, {"start": "00:26:48", "end": "00:26:54", "text": "about the obvious disruptions the job disruption and that's going to be massive. And does that lead some group"}, {"start": "00:26:54", "end": "00:27:00", "text": "of elites to decide, oh well, suddenly we have a lot of useless eaters and what are we going to do about that? Because"}, {"start": "00:27:00", "end": "00:27:06", "text": "that conversation tends to lead somewhere very dark very quickly. Um, but I think that's just the beginning of"}, {"start": "00:27:06", "end": "00:27:12", "text": "the the various ways in which this could go wrong without the doomer scenarios coming into play. This is an"}, {"start": "00:27:12", "end": "00:27:18", "text": "uncontrolled experiment in which all of humanity is downstream. Yeah. So I I was"}, {"start": "00:27:18", "end": "00:27:25", "text": "trying to make the point that OpenAI has been sort of wrong about the uh the sort"}, {"start": "00:27:25", "end": "00:27:30", "text": "of uh how big of a potential for harm it is like you know I think we would have"}, {"start": "00:27:30", "end": "00:27:36", "text": "heard about it in the news like uh the sort of how much harm it's done and maybe you know some of it is working in"}, {"start": "00:27:36", "end": "00:27:43", "text": "the shadows but like the few incidents that we've heard about where you know the cause of LLM's large language models"}, {"start": "00:27:43", "end": "00:27:49", "text": "the technology that's powering chat has been a huge headliners uh like New York"}, {"start": "00:27:49", "end": "00:27:56", "text": "Times talked about this kid that was, you know, perhaps goated by some kind of chat software that, you know, helps"}, {"start": "00:27:56", "end": "00:28:02", "text": "teenagers to be less lonely into into suicide, which is which is tragic. And obviously, these are the kind of safety"}, {"start": "00:28:02", "end": "00:28:09", "text": "and and abuse uh issues that we want to we want to worry about. But these are kind of these isolated uh incidents and"}, {"start": "00:28:09", "end": "00:28:15", "text": "we do have open- source large language models. Obviously, the thing that everyone talks about is DeepSeek."}, {"start": "00:28:15", "end": "00:28:21", "text": "Deepseek is uh coming from China. So what is Deepseek's incentive? You know"}, {"start": "00:28:21", "end": "00:28:26", "text": "perhaps the incentive is to destroy the AI industry in the US. Uh you know when"}, {"start": "00:28:26", "end": "00:28:32", "text": "they released Deepseek, you know the market tanked the market for Nvidia, the market for AI and all of that. But there"}, {"start": "00:28:32", "end": "00:28:37", "text": "is an incentive to open source. Meta is open sourcing Llama. Llama is another AI"}, {"start": "00:28:37", "end": "00:28:44", "text": "similar to Chat GPT. The reason they're open sourcing Llama and Zuckerberg just says that out loud is basically they"}, {"start": "00:28:44", "end": "00:28:49", "text": "don't want to be beholden to open AI. They don't sell AI as a service. They"}, {"start": "00:28:49", "end": "00:28:56", "text": "use it to build products. And there's this concept in business called commoditize your compliment because you"}, {"start": "00:28:56", "end": "00:29:04", "text": "need AI as technology to run your service. The best strategy to do is to open source it. So these market forces"}, {"start": "00:29:04", "end": "00:29:10", "text": "are going to create conditions that I think are actually beneficial. So I'll"}, {"start": "00:29:10", "end": "00:29:15", "text": "give you a few few examples. One is first of all the AI companies are"}, {"start": "00:29:15", "end": "00:29:20", "text": "motivated to create AI that is safe so that they can sell it. Second there are"}, {"start": "00:29:20", "end": "00:29:25", "text": "security companies investing in AIs that allows them to protect from the sort of"}, {"start": "00:29:25", "end": "00:29:32", "text": "malicious uh acting of of AI. And so you have the free market and we've always had that you know but generally as"}, {"start": "00:29:32", "end": "00:29:38", "text": "humanity we've been able to leverage uh the same technology to protect against"}, {"start": "00:29:38", "end": "00:29:45", "text": "the abuse. So I I don't really understand this and maybe this is actually this is the exact discussion"}, {"start": "00:29:45", "end": "00:29:51", "text": "that you would expect between somebody at the frontier of the highly complicated staring at a complex system"}, {"start": "00:29:51", "end": "00:29:58", "text": "and a biologist who comes from the land of the complex and is looking back at highly complicated"}, {"start": "00:29:58", "end": "00:30:05", "text": "systems. In game theory we have something called a colle collective action problem. And in the market that"}, {"start": "00:30:05", "end": "00:30:15", "text": "you're describing, an individual company has no capacity to hold back the abuses of AI."}, {"start": "00:30:15", "end": "00:30:23", "text": "The most you can do is not participate in them. You can't stop other people from programming LLMs in some dangerous"}, {"start": "00:30:23", "end": "00:30:28", "text": "way. And you can limit your own ability to earn based on your own limitations of"}, {"start": "00:30:28", "end": "00:30:34", "text": "what you're willing to do. And then effectively what happens is the technology gets invented anyway. It just"}, {"start": "00:30:34", "end": "00:30:40", "text": "that the dollars end up in somebody else's pocket. So the incentive is not to restrain yourself so that you can at"}, {"start": "00:30:40", "end": "00:30:46", "text": "least compete and participate in the market that's going to be opened. And"}, {"start": "00:30:46", "end": "00:30:51", "text": "so the number of ways in which you can abuse this technology. Let's take a"}, {"start": "00:30:51", "end": "00:30:56", "text": "couple. What is to stop somebody from training"}, {"start": "00:30:56", "end": "00:31:03", "text": "LLMs on an individual's creative output and then"}, {"start": "00:31:03", "end": "00:31:09", "text": "creating an LLM that can out compete that individual can effectively not only"}, {"start": "00:31:09", "end": "00:31:15", "text": "produce what they would naturally produce over the course of a lifetime but can extrapolate from it and can even"}, {"start": "00:31:15", "end": "00:31:22", "text": "hybridize it with the insights of other people so that effectively those who have the LLM can train it on the"}, {"start": "00:31:22", "end": "00:31:27", "text": "creativity ity of others, not cut them in on the use of that insight. You can"}, {"start": "00:31:27", "end": "00:31:32", "text": "effectively end up putting yourself out of business by putting your creative ideas in the world where they get sucked"}, {"start": "00:31:32", "end": "00:31:38", "text": "up as training data for future LLMs. That is unscrupulous, but it's"}, {"start": "00:31:38", "end": "00:31:45", "text": "effectively guaranteed. In fact, it's already happening. So, that's a problem. And likewise, what what would stop"}, {"start": "00:31:45", "end": "00:31:51", "text": "somebody from interacting with an individual and training an LLM to become"}, {"start": "00:31:51", "end": "00:31:56", "text": "like a personalized con artist? Something that would play exactly to your blind spot. That does happen. That"}, {"start": "00:31:56", "end": "00:32:02", "text": "that is starting to happen. Um people get phone calls and it sounds like their daughter and I've I've lost my phone and"}, {"start": "00:32:02", "end": "00:32:08", "text": "I'm borrowing a friend's phone and all of that sort of stuff. What's what's interesting is that I I think you make a"}, {"start": "00:32:08", "end": "00:32:14", "text": "a really good point. I worry about the impact on society. And yet when I look at every single"}, {"start": "00:32:14", "end": "00:32:20", "text": "individual who uses AI regularly, it almost has nothing but profoundly"}, {"start": "00:32:20", "end": "00:32:25", "text": "positive impact on their life. I look at people like um I was just spending some"}, {"start": "00:32:25", "end": "00:32:31", "text": "time with my parents-in-law um who are in their 70s and early 80s and they use"}, {"start": "00:32:31", "end": "00:32:38", "text": "AI regularly for all sorts of things that they find incredibly valuable and that improves the quality of their life."}, {"start": "00:32:38", "end": "00:32:46", "text": "I personally did a an M&A a mergers and acquisitions deal where I bought a company last year and the AI was so"}, {"start": "00:32:46", "end": "00:32:52", "text": "powerful at helping that process. The conversations were transcribed and they were turned into letters of intent and"}, {"start": "00:32:52", "end": "00:32:58", "text": "then press releases and uh legal documents and we probably shaved"}, {"start": "00:32:58", "end": "00:33:04", "text": "$100,000 worth of uh costs and and we sped up the whole process and it was"}, {"start": "00:33:04", "end": "00:33:09", "text": "pretty magical to see how how it could happen. With that said, you know,"}, {"start": "00:33:09", "end": "00:33:14", "text": "there's there's all of these like, well, $100,000 worth of lawyers didn't get paid, right? So, well, what I want to"}, {"start": "00:33:14", "end": "00:33:20", "text": "know, yeah, people upset about, but if we look back"}, {"start": "00:33:20", "end": "00:33:26", "text": "at the invention of the cell phone or the invention of the social media"}, {"start": "00:33:26", "end": "00:33:33", "text": "platforms, there would be every reason to have the exactly the same perspective, right? I remember the beginning of Facebook and I remember the"}, {"start": "00:33:33", "end": "00:33:38", "text": "idea that suddenly the process that used to afflict people where you would just"}, {"start": "00:33:38", "end": "00:33:44", "text": "lose touch with most of the people who had been important to you, that was not something that needed to happen anymore."}, {"start": "00:33:44", "end": "00:33:52", "text": "You could just retain them permanently as a part of a diffuse uh social grouping that just simply grew"}, {"start": "00:33:52", "end": "00:33:58", "text": "and value was added. There's no end to how much good that did, but what it did"}, {"start": "00:33:58", "end": "00:34:04", "text": "to us was profound and not evident in the first chapter. Say the same thing"}, {"start": "00:34:04", "end": "00:34:10", "text": "about the cell phones and the dopamine traps and the way this has disconnected us from each other, the way it has"}, {"start": "00:34:10", "end": "00:34:16", "text": "disconnected us from nature, the way it has altered the very patterns with which"}, {"start": "00:34:16", "end": "00:34:22", "text": "we think. It has altered every classroom. Mhm. So, and those things I"}, {"start": "00:34:22", "end": "00:34:28", "text": "think are going to turn out to have been sort of minor foreshadowings of the"}, {"start": "00:34:28", "end": "00:34:33", "text": "disruption that AI will produce. So, I agree with you today. The amount you can"}, {"start": "00:34:33", "end": "00:34:41", "text": "do with AI, there's a tremendous amount of good. There's a little bit of harm. Maybe that's something we need to worry about. But as this develops, as we get"}, {"start": "00:34:41", "end": "00:34:48", "text": "to, you know, to peer over the edge of this cliff that we're headed to, I think we're going to discover that we can't"}, {"start": "00:34:48", "end": "00:34:53", "text": "yet detect the nature of the alteration that's coming. So, I just wanted to add some context to that cuz Amjad, I I saw"}, {"start": "00:34:53", "end": "00:34:59", "text": "the interview you did in a newsletter in 2023 where you said, \"I wouldn't prepare for AGI in the same way that I wouldn't"}, {"start": "00:34:59", "end": "00:35:04", "text": "prepare for the end of days.\" It's effectively the end of days if the vision of AGI that some of these"}, {"start": "00:35:04", "end": "00:35:11", "text": "companies have comes to bear because it's called the singularity moment because you can't really predict what happens after that. And so like how"}, {"start": "00:35:11", "end": "00:35:16", "text": "would you even prepare for that and you want to prepare for the more likely world and that world that you can"}, {"start": "00:35:16", "end": "00:35:23", "text": "actually predict is a world where yes there's like a massive improvements of technology and there's like insane"}, {"start": "00:35:23", "end": "00:35:29", "text": "compounding effects of technology and it's pretty hard to keep up. From that it appeared that in 2023 you were saying"}, {"start": "00:35:29", "end": "00:35:34", "text": "a similar thing to Brett in terms of we can't see around the corner here because it is a singularity."}, {"start": "00:35:34", "end": "00:35:40", "text": "Sorry you also used AGI artificial general intelligence. It'd be interesting to know what your definition"}, {"start": "00:35:40", "end": "00:35:49", "text": "of AGI is. say that. Yeah. So, so what what I was saying there is even if I'm wrong that you can actually create a"}, {"start": "00:35:49", "end": "00:35:57", "text": "unbounded seemingly conscious artificial intelligence that can entirely replace"}, {"start": "00:35:57", "end": "00:36:03", "text": "humans and can act autonomously in a way that even humans can't act and can"}, {"start": "00:36:03", "end": "00:36:09", "text": "coordinate across different AIs, different data centers to take over the world. Even if if that's so so the"}, {"start": "00:36:09", "end": "00:36:15", "text": "definition of AGI is artificial general intelligence meaning that AI can acquire"}, {"start": "00:36:15", "end": "00:36:20", "text": "new skills in efficiently in the same way that a humans can acquire skills."}, {"start": "00:36:20", "end": "00:36:26", "text": "Right now AIs don't acquire skills efficiently you know they they require massive amount of energy and compute"}, {"start": "00:36:26", "end": "00:36:31", "text": "entire data set of compute to acquire these these skills and I think there's a"}, {"start": "00:36:31", "end": "00:36:37", "text": "again a limit on how general intelligence can get I think for most of"}, {"start": "00:36:37", "end": "00:36:44", "text": "the time we're lagging in terms of what humans are are capable of doing the"}, {"start": "00:36:44", "end": "00:36:49", "text": "singularity is based on this concept of intellig intelligence explosion so once"}, {"start": "00:36:49", "end": "00:36:56", "text": "Once you create an AGI, once you create an artificial general intelligence, that intelligence will be"}, {"start": "00:36:56", "end": "00:37:03", "text": "able to modify its own source code and create the next version that is much more intelligent. And the next version"}, {"start": "00:37:03", "end": "00:37:09", "text": "creates the next version and the next, you know, for infinity, right? Within a"}, {"start": "00:37:09", "end": "00:37:15", "text": "week, within a week, perhaps within milliseconds at some point. Yeah. Right. Uh because it might invent new computing"}, {"start": "00:37:15", "end": "00:37:22", "text": "substrate and and and all of that. perhaps they'll use quantum computing and and so then you have this"}, {"start": "00:37:22", "end": "00:37:29", "text": "intelligence explosion in a way that it is impossible to predict how the world is going to be"}, {"start": "00:37:29", "end": "00:37:35", "text": "and what I'm saying is this is sort of like an end of time story like how would"}, {"start": "00:37:35", "end": "00:37:41", "text": "you even prepare for that so if if that's coming like why would I spend my"}, {"start": "00:37:41", "end": "00:37:48", "text": "time preparing for I think it's unlikely to happen can't see around the corner yeah but I'd rather prepare"}, {"start": "00:37:48", "end": "00:37:55", "text": "what I was saying there. I'd rather prepare for the more likely world in which we have access to tremendous"}, {"start": "00:37:55", "end": "00:38:02", "text": "power, but the world's not ending and humans are still uh important."}, {"start": "00:38:02", "end": "00:38:10", "text": "I don't I don't know why you say more likely. I mean, I I think the structure of your argument is is sound. You would"}, {"start": "00:38:10", "end": "00:38:16", "text": "prepare for the world that might happen for which you can prepare. There's literally no point in trying to prepare"}, {"start": "00:38:16", "end": "00:38:23", "text": "for a world You can't predict it all. The only thing you can do is just sort of upgrade your own skills and pay"}, {"start": "00:38:23", "end": "00:38:28", "text": "attention. But if I have one message for the technologists, it's that your"}, {"start": "00:38:28", "end": "00:38:35", "text": "confidence about what this can and cannot do is misplaced because you have"}, {"start": "00:38:35", "end": "00:38:42", "text": "without noticing stepped into the realm of the truly complex. In the truly"}, {"start": "00:38:42", "end": "00:38:50", "text": "complex, your confidence should drop to near zero. that you know what's going on. Are these things conscious? I don't"}, {"start": "00:38:50", "end": "00:38:56", "text": "know. But will they be highly likely they will become conscious and that we will not have a test to tell us whether"}, {"start": "00:38:56", "end": "00:39:04", "text": "that has happened. Elon Musk predicts that by 2029 we will have AI with us AGI that"}, {"start": "00:39:04", "end": "00:39:10", "text": "surpasses the combined intelligence of all humans. And Sam Alman actually wrote a"}, {"start": "00:39:10", "end": "00:39:15", "text": "blog three months ago that I read where he said we are confident now Sam Alman being the founder of open arrow which um"}, {"start": "00:39:15", "end": "00:39:22", "text": "created chatbt we are confident now that we know how to build AGI as we have traditionally understood it. When I put"}, {"start": "00:39:22", "end": "00:39:29", "text": "these things together, I go back to the central question of what role do humans have in in this in the sort of"}, {"start": "00:39:29", "end": "00:39:36", "text": "professional output in GDP creation. If it's smarter than all humans combined,"}, {"start": "00:39:36", "end": "00:39:41", "text": "if Elon Musk is correct there, and it's able to take actions across the internet"}, {"start": "00:39:41", "end": "00:39:46", "text": "and continue to learn. This is like a central question that I'm hoping I can answer today, which is like where do we"}, {"start": "00:39:46", "end": "00:39:52", "text": "go? Yeah. I I mean in my vision of the world we are in the creative seat. We're"}, {"start": "00:39:52", "end": "00:39:59", "text": "sitting there where um we we are controlling swarms of intelligent being"}, {"start": "00:39:59", "end": "00:40:05", "text": "to do our job. You know the way you run your business for example you're sitting at a computer you have an hour to work."}, {"start": "00:40:05", "end": "00:40:11", "text": "Yeah. and you're going to launch like a thousand SDR you know sales uh you know"}, {"start": "00:40:11", "end": "00:40:18", "text": "representative to go like grab as as many leads as possible and you're generating new update on replet for for"}, {"start": "00:40:18", "end": "00:40:23", "text": "your website here and then uh on this side you you you're actually you you"}, {"start": "00:40:23", "end": "00:40:28", "text": "have an AI that's crunching data about your uh your existing business to to"}, {"start": "00:40:28", "end": "00:40:36", "text": "figure out how to improve it and these AIs are kind of somehow all coordinating together and I am trying to privilege"}, {"start": "00:40:36", "end": "00:40:42", "text": "the human like this is my my mission is to uh build tools for people. I'm not"}, {"start": "00:40:42", "end": "00:40:48", "text": "building tools for agents and agents are a tool and so ultimately not only do I"}, {"start": "00:40:48", "end": "00:40:53", "text": "think that humans have a privileged position in the in the world and in the"}, {"start": "00:40:53", "end": "00:41:01", "text": "universe. We don't know where conscious consciousness is coming from. We don't really have the science to explain it."}, {"start": "00:41:01", "end": "00:41:07", "text": "Um I think humans are special. That's one side is is my belief that humans are"}, {"start": "00:41:07", "end": "00:41:14", "text": "are special in the world and another side which I understand that the technology today and I think for the"}, {"start": "00:41:14", "end": "00:41:19", "text": "foreseeable future y is going to be a function of us training data. So there"}, {"start": "00:41:19", "end": "00:41:26", "text": "was this whole idea like what if chat GPT generates uh pathogens. Well have you trained it on pathogens? They were"}, {"start": "00:41:26", "end": "00:41:32", "text": "doing that kind of stuff in Wuhan. know I mean I mean a lot of the biotech companies are essentially using"}, {"start": "00:41:32", "end": "00:41:39", "text": "artificial intelligence like I can think of Abselera I think it's Abselera in Canada their whole business is using AI"}, {"start": "00:41:39", "end": "00:41:46", "text": "to create new vaccines using artificial intelligence and bigger data sets than we've never have had before and I know"}, {"start": "00:41:46", "end": "00:41:51", "text": "cuz I was I was very close to one of the founders of people involved in Absela so that that work is going on anyway and if"}, {"start": "00:41:51", "end": "00:41:57", "text": "we think about Wuhan that's it's quite probably well known now that it came out of a lab and people working in a lab and"}, {"start": "00:41:57", "end": "00:42:02", "text": "in that scenario that had a huge impact and shut down the world. What I'm the central question I'd love to answer"}, {"start": "00:42:02", "end": "00:42:10", "text": "before I throw it back open to the the room is what jobs because I know that you have this perspective. What jobs are"}, {"start": "00:42:10", "end": "00:42:15", "text": "going to be made redundant in a world where I am sat here as a CEO with a thousand AI agents, right? I was"}, {"start": "00:42:15", "end": "00:42:21", "text": "thinking of all the names of my of the people in my company who are currently doing those jobs. I was thinking about my CFO when you talked about processing"}, {"start": "00:42:21", "end": "00:42:26", "text": "business data, my graphic designers, my video editors, etc. So what what jobs are going to be"}, {"start": "00:42:26", "end": "00:42:34", "text": "impacted? Yeah, all of those. Uh so I I think and what do they do? You maybe this is useful for for the audience. I"}, {"start": "00:42:34", "end": "00:42:40", "text": "think if your job is as routine as it comes, your job is gone in the next"}, {"start": "00:42:40", "end": "00:42:46", "text": "couple years. So meaning if you if in in those jobs for example uh quality"}, {"start": "00:42:46", "end": "00:42:53", "text": "assurance jobs data entry jobs you're sitting in front of a computer and you're supposed to click uh and and type"}, {"start": "00:42:53", "end": "00:42:58", "text": "things in a certain order operator and those technologies are coming on the market really quickly and those are"}, {"start": "00:42:58", "end": "00:43:05", "text": "going to displace a lot of a lot of uh labor accountants accountants noise yes"}, {"start": "00:43:05", "end": "00:43:10", "text": "I mean I've just pulled a ligament in my in my foot and they did an MRI scan and I had to wait a couple of days for"}, {"start": "00:43:10", "end": "00:43:16", "text": "someone to look at the MRI scan and tell me what it meant. Yeah, I'm guessing that that's gone. Yeah, I think I think"}, {"start": "00:43:16", "end": "00:43:22", "text": "the healthcare ecosystem is hard to predict because of regulation and and again there there's so many limiting"}, {"start": "00:43:22", "end": "00:43:28", "text": "factors on how this technology can permeates the economy because of regulations and and people's willingness"}, {"start": "00:43:28", "end": "00:43:34", "text": "to to take it. But you know things unregulated jobs uh that are"}, {"start": "00:43:34", "end": "00:43:40", "text": "purely text in text out. if your job, you know, you get a you get a message and you produce some kind of artifact"}, {"start": "00:43:40", "end": "00:43:46", "text": "that's like probably text or images that that job is is at risk. So, just to give"}, {"start": "00:43:46", "end": "00:43:52", "text": "you some stats here as well, about 50% of Americans who have a college degree currently use AI. The stats are"}, {"start": "00:43:52", "end": "00:43:57", "text": "significantly lower for Americans without a college degree. So, you can see how a splinter might emerge there"}, {"start": "00:43:57", "end": "00:44:03", "text": "and that crack will write widen because people like us at this table are all messing around with it. But my mom and"}, {"start": "00:44:03", "end": "00:44:09", "text": "dad in Plymouth in the southwest, rural England, haven't got like they just figured out iPhones. So like I got them an iPhone and now they're like texting"}, {"start": "00:44:09", "end": "00:44:15", "text": "me back. AI is a million miles away. And if I start running off with my AGI, my agents, that gap is going to widen."}, {"start": "00:44:15", "end": "00:44:21", "text": "Women are disproportionately affected by automation, which is what you were talking about there. with about 80% of"}, {"start": "00:44:21", "end": "00:44:27", "text": "working women in an at risk job compared to just over 50% of men according to the Harvard Business Review and jobs"}, {"start": "00:44:27", "end": "00:44:32", "text": "requiring only a high school diploma have an automation risk of 80% while"}, {"start": "00:44:32", "end": "00:44:39", "text": "those requiring a bachelor's degree have an automation risk of just 20%. So we can see again how how this will cause a"}, {"start": "00:44:39", "end": "00:44:47", "text": "sort of a it's also a huge risk um with business processor out outsourcing which is essentially western countries sending"}, {"start": "00:44:47", "end": "00:44:53", "text": "jobs to India to the Philippines like at the moment millions of people have been lifted out of poverty through the"}, {"start": "00:44:53", "end": "00:45:00", "text": "ability to do those kind of business process auto outsourcing jobs and those are all going to go but these they're"}, {"start": "00:45:00", "end": "00:45:05", "text": "going to have a thousand employees but but but uh also uh these people are actually already transitioning to"}, {"start": "00:45:05", "end": "00:45:11", "text": "training AI eyes. Mhm. You know, so so there's going to be a massive industry around training AI until they're"}, {"start": "00:45:11", "end": "00:45:17", "text": "trained. Well, no, you you have to continuously acquire new skills and this is what I'm talking about. I mean, this"}, {"start": "00:45:17", "end": "00:45:22", "text": "is again if AI is a function of its data, then you need increasingly more data. And by the way, we ran out of"}, {"start": "00:45:22", "end": "00:45:28", "text": "internet data. I was actually thinking interestingly that this might not be great for the United States or the UK, the Western world because it is going to"}, {"start": "00:45:28", "end": "00:45:33", "text": "be a leveler where now a kid in India doesn't need a Silicon Valley office and"}, {"start": "00:45:33", "end": "00:45:38", "text": "$7 million in investment to throw up a a software company basically. My yeah my"}, {"start": "00:45:38", "end": "00:45:45", "text": "belief is that so I have a I have a more broad definition of AGI and the singularity and for me AGI is do we have"}, {"start": "00:45:45", "end": "00:45:50", "text": "artificial general intelligence in terms of generally speaking can AI just do"}, {"start": "00:45:50", "end": "00:45:56", "text": "stuff that humans used to be able to do and we've already crossed that point we have this general intelligence that we"}, {"start": "00:45:56", "end": "00:46:03", "text": "can now all access and 800 million people a week are now using uh chat GBT it's it's exploded in the last 3 months"}, {"start": "00:46:03", "end": "00:46:10", "text": "and then to me a singularity Uh when the first tractor went out onto a farm, for me that was a"}, {"start": "00:46:10", "end": "00:46:16", "text": "singularity moment. Uh because everyone who worked in farming, it used to take a 100 people to plow a field and now a"}, {"start": "00:46:16", "end": "00:46:22", "text": "tractor comes along and two guys with the tractor can now plow the field in just as much time and now 98 people out"}, {"start": "00:46:22", "end": "00:46:28", "text": "of 100 are completely out of a job. We also always underestimate a technology"}, {"start": "00:46:28", "end": "00:46:34", "text": "if it does go on to change history. When you look back through cars, horses, planes, the Wright brothers just thought"}, {"start": "00:46:34", "end": "00:46:40", "text": "of a plane as being something that that army could use, we had no idea of the application. So someone said to me"}, {"start": "00:46:40", "end": "00:46:45", "text": "recently, they said, \"When it does change the world, we underestimate the impact that it will change the world.\""}, {"start": "00:46:45", "end": "00:46:52", "text": "And I see people now with their estimations of AI and AI agents already incredibly optimistic. And so if history"}, {"start": "00:46:52", "end": "00:46:57", "text": "holds here, we're undershooting the impact it's going to have. And I think this is the first time in my life where"}, {"start": "00:46:57", "end": "00:47:04", "text": "the industrial revolution analogies seem to fall a little bit short. Yeah. Because we've never seen intelligent"}, {"start": "00:47:04", "end": "00:47:11", "text": "that's like you could I could think of this as a I'm not an intelligent person on this, but I could see that as like the disruption of muscles, whereas this"}, {"start": "00:47:11", "end": "00:47:18", "text": "is the disruption of intelligence. That that's that's exactly the thing is that what makes human beings special is our"}, {"start": "00:47:18", "end": "00:47:23", "text": "cognitive capacity and very specifically our ability to plug our minds into each"}, {"start": "00:47:23", "end": "00:47:29", "text": "other. So that the sum is is uh or the whole is greater than the sum of the"}, {"start": "00:47:29", "end": "00:47:34", "text": "parts. That's what makes human cognition special. And what we are doing is we are"}, {"start": "00:47:34", "end": "00:47:39", "text": "creating a something that can technologically surpass it without any"}, {"start": "00:47:39", "end": "00:47:45", "text": "of the preconditions that make that a safe process. So yes, we've"}, {"start": "00:47:45", "end": "00:47:51", "text": "revolutionized the world how many different times? It's innumerable. But you know, we've we've made farming"}, {"start": "00:47:51", "end": "00:47:58", "text": "vastly more efficient. That's different than taking our core competency as a species and surpassing ourselves with"}, {"start": "00:47:58", "end": "00:48:03", "text": "the product of our of our labor. I think your question is a good one. Then then"}, {"start": "00:48:03", "end": "00:48:10", "text": "what does become? We only have one thing left. Um we have our muscles which we got rid of in the industrial revolution"}, {"start": "00:48:10", "end": "00:48:15", "text": "and then we have our intellect which is this digital revolution. Now we're left with emotions and agency. So we"}, {"start": "00:48:15", "end": "00:48:21", "text": "essentially the the the agency idea I think we used to judge people on IQ and"}, {"start": "00:48:21", "end": "00:48:27", "text": "now IQ is the big leveler and now going forward for the next 10 years we're going to look at are you a high agency"}, {"start": "00:48:27", "end": "00:48:33", "text": "person or a low agency person. Do you have the ability to get things done and coordinate agents? Do you have the"}, {"start": "00:48:33", "end": "00:48:39", "text": "ability to start businesses or give orders to digital armies? uh you know"}, {"start": "00:48:39", "end": "00:48:46", "text": "and and essentially these high agency people are going to thrive in this new world because they have this other thing"}, {"start": "00:48:46", "end": "00:48:51", "text": "that's been bubbling under the service surface which is really interesting when you said agency is going to remain as an"}, {"start": "00:48:51", "end": "00:48:58", "text": "important thing we're sat here talking about AI agents and the crazy thing in a world of AI agents that have super"}, {"start": "00:48:58", "end": "00:49:04", "text": "intelligence is I can just tell my agent listen I'm going on holiday please build me a SAS company that spots a market"}, {"start": "00:49:04", "end": "00:49:12", "text": "opportunity throw up the website post it on my social media channel I'll be in Hawaii I and this new agentic world is"}, {"start": "00:49:12", "end": "00:49:19", "text": "stealing that too cuz now it can take action in the same way that I can browse the internet. I can call Domino's Pizza,"}, {"start": "00:49:19", "end": "00:49:24", "text": "speak to their agentic agent, organize my pizza to be there before I even wake up. And in fact, predictability, you"}, {"start": "00:49:24", "end": "00:49:30", "text": "know, OpenAI now learns and Sam Alman said that they've expanded the memory feature. So, it knows every it's knowing"}, {"start": "00:49:30", "end": "00:49:37", "text": "more and more and more and more about me. It'll almost be able to predict what I want when I want it. It'll know Steve's calendar. He's arriving at the"}, {"start": "00:49:37", "end": "00:49:44", "text": "studio. Make sure his cadence is on the side. Make sure his iPad has the brief on it. Do the brief. Do the research for"}, {"start": "00:49:44", "end": "00:49:50", "text": "me. And everything else say remember Brett's birthday so when I arrive there'll be something. In fact, it's"}, {"start": "00:49:50", "end": "00:49:57", "text": "removing my need for any agency. Yes. And you know again I don't know how to make this point so that it occurs to"}, {"start": "00:49:57", "end": "00:50:04", "text": "people what I'm really suggesting but today maybe it's not conscious but"}, {"start": "00:50:04", "end": "00:50:11", "text": "well let me put it to you this way. If you're conscious, you started out as a child"}, {"start": "00:50:11", "end": "00:50:18", "text": "that wasn't. And although this may not fully encapsulate it, you are effectively an LLM, right? You go from"}, {"start": "00:50:18", "end": "00:50:24", "text": "an unconscious infant to a highly conscious adult. And the process by"}, {"start": "00:50:24", "end": "00:50:30", "text": "which you do that has a lot to do with being trained effectively on words and"}, {"start": "00:50:30", "end": "00:50:36", "text": "other things in an environment in exactly the way that we now train these AIs. So the idea that we can take"}, {"start": "00:50:36", "end": "00:50:42", "text": "consciousness off the table, it won't be there till we figure out how to program it in and we're safe because we don't know how consciousness works. I take the"}, {"start": "00:50:42", "end": "00:50:49", "text": "opposite lesson. We've created the exact thing that will produce that phenomenon and then we can have philosophers debate"}, {"start": "00:50:49", "end": "00:50:54", "text": "whether it's real consciousness or it just behaves exactly as if it were. And the answer is those aren't different."}, {"start": "00:50:54", "end": "00:51:00", "text": "Doesn't matter. And the same thing is true for agency. you know, especially if you've created an environment in which"}, {"start": "00:51:00", "end": "00:51:06", "text": "these AIs are de facto competitors, what you're effectively doing is creating an"}, {"start": "00:51:06", "end": "00:51:11", "text": "evolutionary environment in which they will evolve to fill whatever niches are there. And we didn't spell out the"}, {"start": "00:51:11", "end": "00:51:17", "text": "niches. So, I have the sense we have um we have invited we have we have created"}, {"start": "00:51:17", "end": "00:51:23", "text": "something that truly is going to function like a new kind of life and it's especially troubling because it"}, {"start": "00:51:23", "end": "00:51:30", "text": "speaks our language. So that leads us to believe it's more like us than it is and it's actually potentially quite"}, {"start": "00:51:30", "end": "00:51:36", "text": "different. So but by the way, he's the optimist here, right? Like he's so"}, {"start": "00:51:36", "end": "00:51:42", "text": "optimistic about LMS and how how they're going to they're going to evolve. Yes."}, {"start": "00:51:42", "end": "00:51:47", "text": "It's amazing. It's amazing technology. Like I think it raised global IQ, right?"}, {"start": "00:51:47", "end": "00:51:53", "text": "Like 800 million people like 800 million people are that much more intelligent and emotionally intelligent as well."}, {"start": "00:51:53", "end": "00:51:58", "text": "Like I know people who previously were very coarse and they kind of robbed"}, {"start": "00:51:58", "end": "00:52:03", "text": "people the the the wrong way. They they would say things in not so polite way"}, {"start": "00:52:03", "end": "00:52:11", "text": "and then suddenly they started putting their the you know what they're saying through chat in order to kind of make it"}, {"start": "00:52:11", "end": "00:52:18", "text": "kinder and nicer and they're more liked now. And so not only is it uh making us more intelligent but also it allows us"}, {"start": "00:52:18", "end": "00:52:24", "text": "to be the best version of ourselves. And the the scenario that you're talking about, I don't think I don't know what's"}, {"start": "00:52:24", "end": "00:52:32", "text": "wrong with that. Like, you know, you know, the I would want less agency in certain places. Like, I would want"}, {"start": "00:52:32", "end": "00:52:38", "text": "something to help me not, you know, open up a peanut butter jar at night, right?"}, {"start": "00:52:38", "end": "00:52:44", "text": "You know, there are places in my life where I need more control and I would"}, {"start": "00:52:44", "end": "00:52:51", "text": "rather seed it to some kind of entity that could help me make better choices."}, {"start": "00:52:51", "end": "00:52:58", "text": "I mean unfortunately even if there is some small group of elites that are able"}, {"start": "00:52:58", "end": "00:53:04", "text": "to go to Hawaii while something else does the mundane details of their business"}, {"start": "00:53:04", "end": "00:53:11", "text": "building. We are rather soon going to be faced with a world that has billions of"}, {"start": "00:53:11", "end": "00:53:17", "text": "people who do not have the skills to leverage AI. Some of them will be"}, {"start": "00:53:17", "end": "00:53:23", "text": "necessary for a time. you're going to need plumbers. But this is"}, {"start": "00:53:23", "end": "00:53:29", "text": "also not a long-term solution because not only are there not enough of those"}, {"start": "00:53:29", "end": "00:53:37", "text": "jobs, um, but of course we have humanoid robots that once imbued with AI capacity"}, {"start": "00:53:37", "end": "00:53:42", "text": "will also be able to take, you know, they'll be able to crawl under your house into the crawl space and fix your"}, {"start": "00:53:42", "end": "00:53:49", "text": "plumbing. So what typically happens when you have a massive economic contraction that"}, {"start": "00:53:49", "end": "00:53:54", "text": "arises from the fact that a huge number of people are out of work is that the"}, {"start": "00:53:54", "end": "00:54:01", "text": "elites start looking at those people and thinking well we don't really need them anyway. And so the idea that this AI"}, {"start": "00:54:01", "end": "00:54:06", "text": "disruption doesn't lead us to some very human catastrophe I think is overly"}, {"start": "00:54:06", "end": "00:54:12", "text": "optimistic and that we need to start preparing right now. What are the rights of a person who has had whatever it is"}, {"start": "00:54:12", "end": "00:54:18", "text": "that they've invested in completely erased from the list of needs? Is that person responsible for not having"}, {"start": "00:54:18", "end": "00:54:25", "text": "anticipated AI coming? And is it their problem that that they are now starving and they're being eyed by others as you"}, {"start": "00:54:25", "end": "00:54:30", "text": "know a useless eater? I don't think so. How is it different than uh when the uh"}, {"start": "00:54:30", "end": "00:54:35", "text": "uh what's it called the the looming machine came and the textile workers you know that the result of the in the lad"}, {"start": "00:54:35", "end": "00:54:41", "text": "sort of revolution? uh h how is it how is it different than any time in history"}, {"start": "00:54:41", "end": "00:54:47", "text": "when uh technology uh automated a a lot of people out of out of jobs? I would"}, {"start": "00:54:47", "end": "00:54:54", "text": "say scale and speed that's how it's different and the scale and speed is going to result in a an unprecedented"}, {"start": "00:54:54", "end": "00:54:59", "text": "catastrophe because the rate at which people are going to be simultaneously sidelined not just in one industry but"}, {"start": "00:54:59", "end": "00:55:05", "text": "across every industry is just simply uh and it also did actually happen. There"}, {"start": "00:55:05", "end": "00:55:13", "text": "was a there was an uh for the first 50 years of industrialization from like late 1700s to early 1800s, you actually"}, {"start": "00:55:13", "end": "00:55:20", "text": "the Charles Dickens novels are essentially people coming from the farms who are displaced arriving in cities,"}, {"start": "00:55:20", "end": "00:55:27", "text": "kids living on the streets. Uh the British decided to pick everyone up and send them over to the over to Australia,"}, {"start": "00:55:27", "end": "00:55:33", "text": "which is where I came from. um and uh you know there there were this there was"}, {"start": "00:55:33", "end": "00:55:39", "text": "this massive issue of displacement. I think we're going to go into a high velocity economy where rather than this"}, {"start": "00:55:39", "end": "00:55:45", "text": "long arc of career that lasts 45 years, we're going to have these very fast"}, {"start": "00:55:45", "end": "00:55:51", "text": "careers that last 10 months to 36 months. and you invent something, you"}, {"start": "00:55:51", "end": "00:55:58", "text": "take it to market, you put together a team of five to 10 people who work together, you then get disrupted, you"}, {"start": "00:55:58", "end": "00:56:03", "text": "come Can I mention a story here? Uh there's an entrepreneur that used Replet"}, {"start": "00:56:03", "end": "00:56:10", "text": "in a similar way. Uh his name is Billy Howell. You can find him on YouTube on the internet. He would go to Upwork and"}, {"start": "00:56:10", "end": "00:56:18", "text": "he would find what people are asking for different requests for certain apps, technologies. Then he would take the"}, {"start": "00:56:18", "end": "00:56:24", "text": "what they're asking for, put it into replet, make it an application, call them, tell them, \"I already have your"}, {"start": "00:56:24", "end": "00:56:29", "text": "application. Would you pay $10,000 for it?\" And so, so that's sort of an arbitrage opportunity that's that's"}, {"start": "00:56:29", "end": "00:56:35", "text": "there right now. That's not arbitrage. That's theft. How is no what is it? How is that theft? You have somebody who has"}, {"start": "00:56:35", "end": "00:56:40", "text": "an idea that can be brought to market and somebody else is cryptically"}, {"start": "00:56:40", "end": "00:56:46", "text": "detecting it and then selling back their own idea to them. Well, they're paying them to do that. They're saying, \"I will"}, {"start": "00:56:46", "end": "00:56:51", "text": "give you $500 if you if someone makes this for me.\" Right? But this is what I more or less think is going to happen"}, {"start": "00:56:51", "end": "00:56:58", "text": "across the whole economy is that yes, from this perspective, we can see that everybody is suddenly empowered to build"}, {"start": "00:56:58", "end": "00:57:04", "text": "a great business. Well, what do we think about the folks who are going to be displaced from the top? What are they"}, {"start": "00:57:04", "end": "00:57:11", "text": "going to think about all these people building all of these highly competitive businesses? And are they going to find a way to do, you know, what venture"}, {"start": "00:57:11", "end": "00:57:18", "text": "capital has done or what record producers have done? What they're going to do is they're going to take their superior position at the top and they"}, {"start": "00:57:18", "end": "00:57:24", "text": "are going to take most of the wealth that is produced by all of these people who have these ideas that in a proper"}, {"start": "00:57:24", "end": "00:57:33", "text": "market would actually create businesses for them and they're going to parasitize them. I think that we with this in"}, {"start": "00:57:33", "end": "00:57:39", "text": "introduction of AI and AI agents old value has moved and now it's"}, {"start": "00:57:39", "end": "00:57:44", "text": "not going to be the case that the idea itself is the moat and it's not going to be the case that resources are the moat."}, {"start": "00:57:44", "end": "00:57:50", "text": "So in such a scenario you still have to figure out distribution. You still have to have for example like an audience. So"}, {"start": "00:57:50", "end": "00:57:55", "text": "if you're a podcaster now you have a million followers on Twitter. you're in a prime position because you now have"}, {"start": "00:57:55", "end": "00:58:01", "text": "something that the the great guy with a great idea with no audience has you have inbuilt distribution. So I now think"}, {"start": "00:58:01", "end": "00:58:08", "text": "actually much of the game might be moving to like yeah still about taste and idea but also the the mo is"}, {"start": "00:58:08", "end": "00:58:13", "text": "distribution. Yeah. And speaking of adaptive systems um the one of the"}, {"start": "00:58:13", "end": "00:58:19", "text": "adaptation that will happen is people will seek uh humans and will seek proof"}, {"start": "00:58:19", "end": "00:58:27", "text": "of humanity. Oh, I agree that uh authenticity is going to become the coin of the realm and anything that can be"}, {"start": "00:58:27", "end": "00:58:34", "text": "faked or cheated is going to be devalued and things you know spontaneous jazz or"}, {"start": "00:58:34", "end": "00:58:40", "text": "you know comedy that is interactive enough that it couldn't possibly have been generated with the aid of AI those"}, {"start": "00:58:40", "end": "00:58:47", "text": "things are going to become prioritized you know spontaneous oratory rather than speeches answers some of your questions"}, {"start": "00:58:47", "end": "00:58:54", "text": "no it answers it answers my question for the tiny number of people who are in a position to do those things. Stephen,"}, {"start": "00:58:54", "end": "00:58:59", "text": "you use the mo word moat. Um, which I think is a really important word for entrepreneurs. We like we like have to"}, {"start": "00:58:59", "end": "00:59:04", "text": "have a moat. We think a lot about moes and it's an industrial age. A lot of people don't even know what a moat what"}, {"start": "00:59:04", "end": "00:59:11", "text": "you mean by moat. It's just I often think about this idea of what are the moes that are left. So to define how I"}, {"start": "00:59:11", "end": "00:59:17", "text": "define a mo, you've got a castle and it's got a like a small circle of water around it. And once upon a time that"}, {"start": "00:59:17", "end": "00:59:23", "text": "circle of water defended the castle from attack and you can pull up the drawbridge so nobody could attack you very easily. It's a de defense from"}, {"start": "00:59:23", "end": "00:59:29", "text": "something. So it's your it's your shield. It's your your defense. And once upon a time as an entrepreneur, you know, I've got a software company in San"}, {"start": "00:59:29", "end": "00:59:36", "text": "Francisco called Third Webb and we raised almost $30 million. We have a team of 50 great developers. And much of"}, {"start": "00:59:36", "end": "00:59:42", "text": "our moat was you can't compete with us if you don't have the 50 developers and the $30 million in the bank. How much of"}, {"start": "00:59:42", "end": "00:59:48", "text": "that 30 million went to coding? The vast majority of it. I mean what else are we going to do? What else we do? So this is"}, {"start": "00:59:48", "end": "00:59:54", "text": "a good thing. I think modes are a bad thing. Okay, let me make the argument there. Uh so everyone is looking for"}, {"start": "00:59:54", "end": "00:59:59", "text": "modes you know for example like one of the more uh significant modes is network"}, {"start": "00:59:59", "end": "01:00:05", "text": "effects. Yeah, you know, so you can't compete with Facebook or Twitter"}, {"start": "01:00:05", "end": "01:00:11", "text": "because to move people from Facebook or Twitter, you need to it's the collective action problem. You need to move them"}, {"start": "01:00:11", "end": "01:00:17", "text": "all at once because if one of them moves, then it's the network is not"}, {"start": "01:00:17", "end": "01:00:24", "text": "valuable, they'll go back. So you have this chicken and egg problem. Let's say that we have a more decentralized way of"}, {"start": "01:00:24", "end": "01:00:31", "text": "doing social networks that will remove the power of Twitter to kind of censor"}, {"start": "01:00:31", "end": "01:00:39", "text": "and I I think you're at the other end of of censorship, right? And so part of my optimism about humanity is that um"}, {"start": "01:00:39", "end": "01:00:45", "text": "generally there's self-correction. Democracy is a self-correcting system. Uh free markets are largely"}, {"start": "01:00:45", "end": "01:00:52", "text": "self-correcting systems. There are obvious problems with with free markets that that we can discuss. But take um"}, {"start": "01:00:52", "end": "01:00:59", "text": "health, you know, there is obesity uh epidemic. This period of time when uh"}, {"start": "01:00:59", "end": "01:01:06", "text": "companies, you know, ran loose kind of making this sugary, salty, fatty kind of"}, {"start": "01:01:06", "end": "01:01:13", "text": "snacks and everyone gorged on them and everyone got very uh you know, unhealthy. And now you have Whole Foods"}, {"start": "01:01:13", "end": "01:01:19", "text": "everywhere. Today, people in Silicon Valley, they don't go to bars at all. They go to running clubs. That's how you"}, {"start": "01:01:19", "end": "01:01:27", "text": "meet. That's how you go find a date. You go to running clubs. And so, there was a shift that happened because there was a"}, {"start": "01:01:27", "end": "01:01:33", "text": "reaction. Obviously, cigarettes is another example. You know, you were talking about phones and our addiction"}, {"start": "01:01:33", "end": "01:01:39", "text": "to phones. And I see a shift right now like in my uh friend circle like people"}, {"start": "01:01:39", "end": "01:01:45", "text": "who are constantly kind of on their phones is already kind of frowned upon and they don't want to hang out with you because you're you're constantly staring"}, {"start": "01:01:45", "end": "01:01:52", "text": "on on your phone. So there's always these reactions and and but the problem is you you reference selfcorrection and"}, {"start": "01:01:52", "end": "01:01:58", "text": "I agree that there's actually an automatic feature of the universe in which the self-correction happens. You can't have a positive feedback that"}, {"start": "01:01:58", "end": "01:02:04", "text": "isn't reigned in by some outer negative feedback. But the corrections, the list"}, {"start": "01:02:04", "end": "01:02:10", "text": "of corrections involves things like you point to where people become enlightened and they realize that they're doing"}, {"start": "01:02:10", "end": "01:02:16", "text": "themselves harm with either the sugar that they're consuming or the dopamine traps on their phone and they get"}, {"start": "01:02:16", "end": "01:02:22", "text": "better. But also on the list of corrective patterns are genocide and war"}, {"start": "01:02:22", "end": "01:02:30", "text": "and you know parasetism. And the problem is these things are destructive of"}, {"start": "01:02:30", "end": "01:02:38", "text": "wealth. And so you allude to the superior fact of an open market"}, {"start": "01:02:38", "end": "01:02:44", "text": "without moes. Presumably the benefit of that is that more wealth gets created because people aren't kept from doing"}, {"start": "01:02:44", "end": "01:02:49", "text": "things that are productive. I see that. But then what is the product of all of"}, {"start": "01:02:49", "end": "01:02:55", "text": "this new wealth that is going to be generated by a world empowered by AI? Does it end up so highly concentrated"}, {"start": "01:02:55", "end": "01:03:02", "text": "that you have a tiny number of ultra elites and a huge number of people who are utterly dependent on them? What"}, {"start": "01:03:02", "end": "01:03:09", "text": "becomes of those people? The learning process, the self-correction pro process goes through harm in order to get to"}, {"start": "01:03:09", "end": "01:03:17", "text": "that more enlightened solution. There's nothing that protects us from the harm phase being so apocalyptically terrible"}, {"start": "01:03:17", "end": "01:03:23", "text": "that, you know, we get to the other side of it and we say, \"Well, that was a hell of a correction.\" Or maybe there's nobody there to even say that. Those are"}, {"start": "01:03:23", "end": "01:03:28", "text": "also on the table. It reminds me of a mouse trap where you see the cheese and we're going, \"Oh my god, my grandmother's going to be able to do"}, {"start": "01:03:28", "end": "01:03:34", "text": "some research and oh my god, my life's going to get easier.\" So you head closer and closer to the cheese."}, {"start": "01:03:34", "end": "01:03:39", "text": "And historically, if we look at all of the last 10,000 years, it's a very small"}, {"start": "01:03:39", "end": "01:03:46", "text": "number of elites who own absolutely everything and a very large number of surfs and peasants who have a"}, {"start": "01:03:46", "end": "01:03:52", "text": "subsistence living. You know, if the elites are too greedy and they freeze out the peasants at too high a level and"}, {"start": "01:03:52", "end": "01:03:59", "text": "they try to use brutality or Yeah. eventually it comes back to haunt them. And so what you get is a recognition"}, {"start": "01:03:59", "end": "01:04:05", "text": "that you you need a system that does balance these things and you know the west has the best system that we've ever"}, {"start": "01:04:05", "end": "01:04:11", "text": "seen. It's one in which we agree on a level playing field. We never achieve it but we agree that it's a desirable thing"}, {"start": "01:04:11", "end": "01:04:17", "text": "and the closer we get to it the more wealth we create. But again,"}, {"start": "01:04:17", "end": "01:04:23", "text": "if AI empowers those with ill"}, {"start": "01:04:23", "end": "01:04:28", "text": "intent at a higher rate that it empowers those who are wealth creating and"}, {"start": "01:04:28", "end": "01:04:34", "text": "pro-social, we may be in for a massive regression in how fair the the market"}, {"start": "01:04:34", "end": "01:04:41", "text": "that the West is. Is that your top concern versus economic displacement? And I think they're the same thing. How"}, {"start": "01:04:41", "end": "01:04:48", "text": "are they the same thing? because the economic displacement is going to start. I don't know how"}, {"start": "01:04:48", "end": "01:04:54", "text": "many million people are going to be displaced from their jobs in the US. Suddenly, we're going to have a question"}, {"start": "01:04:54", "end": "01:05:01", "text": "about whether or not we have obligations to them. And you agree with that, don't you? Yes. But but but again, it's it's"}, {"start": "01:05:01", "end": "01:05:08", "text": "the no pain, no gain. I mean, we're going to go through a period of of disruption. And I think at the other end, the old, you know, sort of"}, {"start": "01:05:08", "end": "01:05:13", "text": "oppressive systems will be broken and we're going to create perhaps a fair"}, {"start": "01:05:13", "end": "01:05:19", "text": "world, but it's going to have its own its own problems. And what's the scale of that disruption in your estimation?"}, {"start": "01:05:19", "end": "01:05:24", "text": "It's hard to say because uh you know there's this concept of limiting factors"}, {"start": "01:05:24", "end": "01:05:30", "text": "like you know there is um regulation there's the appetite of people to today"}, {"start": "01:05:30", "end": "01:05:37", "text": "for example the health care system is very resistant to innovation because of regulation you know and that's a that's"}, {"start": "01:05:37", "end": "01:05:44", "text": "a bad thing on the regulation point it's worth saying that when Trump came into power he signed in a new law which is"}, {"start": "01:05:44", "end": "01:05:50", "text": "called removing barriers to American leadership in AI which revokes previous AI policies that were deemed to be"}, {"start": "01:05:50", "end": "01:05:56", "text": "restrictive. And obviously when you think about where the funding is going in AI, it's going to two places. It's going to America and it's basically"}, {"start": "01:05:56", "end": "01:06:02", "text": "going to China. That's the the vast majority of investment. So with those two in competition, any regulation that"}, {"start": "01:06:02", "end": "01:06:09", "text": "restricts air in any way is actually self-sabotage. Mh. And this is, you know, I live in Europe some of the time"}, {"start": "01:06:09", "end": "01:06:15", "text": "and it's already annoying to me that when Sam Alman and OpenAI released the 03 model, this new incredible model,"}, {"start": "01:06:15", "end": "01:06:20", "text": "it's not in Europe because Europe has a regulation which prevents it from coming to Europe. So, we're now at a"}, {"start": "01:06:20", "end": "01:06:26", "text": "competitive disadvantage um which Sam Alman spoken about. And more broadly on this point of"}, {"start": "01:06:26", "end": "01:06:33", "text": "disruption, it was I was quite unnerved when I heard that Sam Wolman's other startup was called"}, {"start": "01:06:33", "end": "01:06:39", "text": "Worldcoin. And Worldcoin was conceived with the goal of facilitating universal"}, {"start": "01:06:39", "end": "01:06:46", "text": "basic income, i.e. helping to create a system where people who don't have money are given"}, {"start": "01:06:46", "end": "01:06:51", "text": "money by the government just for being alive to help them cover their basic food and housing needs. Which suggests"}, {"start": "01:06:51", "end": "01:06:58", "text": "to me that the guy that has built the biggest air company in the world can see something that a lot of us can't see which is there. Yeah. There's gonna need"}, {"start": "01:06:58", "end": "01:07:04", "text": "to be a system to just hand out money to people because they're not going to be able to survive otherwise. I fundamentally disagree with that. Which"}, {"start": "01:07:04", "end": "01:07:12", "text": "part do you disagree with? I disagree that first of all that humans would be happy with UBI. I I think that you know"}, {"start": "01:07:12", "end": "01:07:17", "text": "uh you know core value of humans and be curious about the evolutionary reasons"}, {"start": "01:07:17", "end": "01:07:23", "text": "is we want to be useful. It's really important to know that a lot of the jobs that are in at risk are the most high"}, {"start": "01:07:23", "end": "01:07:29", "text": "status, highly paid jobs in the world. Let's take the highest paid job in America um which is an"}, {"start": "01:07:29", "end": "01:07:35", "text": "anesthesiologist. Uh this is the highest paid job and highest paid salary job."}, {"start": "01:07:35", "end": "01:07:40", "text": "Salari job. Yeah. And the majority of that job is observing a patient, knowing"}, {"start": "01:07:40", "end": "01:07:47", "text": "which type of medication would work best with their body. um giving them the exact right amount, monitoring the"}, {"start": "01:07:47", "end": "01:07:52", "text": "impact of that uh on the on the body and then making slight adjustments, the"}, {"start": "01:07:52", "end": "01:07:57", "text": "right technology and any nurse will be able to do that job. And you might have"}, {"start": "01:07:57", "end": "01:08:05", "text": "one anesthesiologist on on site supervising 10, 20, 30, 40 wards"}, {"start": "01:08:05", "end": "01:08:11", "text": "and the technology is, you know, doing the job, but that one person is there just to kind of supervise if something"}, {"start": "01:08:11", "end": "01:08:17", "text": "went wrong or if there was an ethical dilemma. What's wrong with that? I mean, if if if the precision is better where they are. No, there's nothing wrong with"}, {"start": "01:08:17", "end": "01:08:23", "text": "that except for the fact that a lot of people, hundreds of thousands of people have spent their entire life training to"}, {"start": "01:08:23", "end": "01:08:28", "text": "be that, they get an enormous amount of purpose and satisfaction about the fact that that's their career, that's their"}, {"start": "01:08:28", "end": "01:08:35", "text": "job. They have mortgages, they have houses, they have status, and that's about to go away. Well, if it's highest"}, {"start": "01:08:35", "end": "01:08:43", "text": "paid jobs, maybe you should start saving. Yeah. Well, I mean, but yeah, I I hear I"}, {"start": "01:08:43", "end": "01:08:50", "text": "hear you, but you're talking about people who have done vital work. Mhm."}, {"start": "01:08:50", "end": "01:08:56", "text": "Highly specialized work and are therefore not in a great position to pivot pivot based on the invention of a"}, {"start": "01:08:56", "end": "01:09:02", "text": "technology that they didn't see coming because frankly, I mean, in the abstract, maybe we all saw AI coming"}, {"start": "01:09:02", "end": "01:09:08", "text": "somewhere down the road, but we did not know that it was going to suddenly dawn. And we do have to figure out what to do"}, {"start": "01:09:08", "end": "01:09:16", "text": "with those people. It's not their fault that they've suddenly become obsolete and it's inconceivable that people will"}, {"start": "01:09:16", "end": "01:09:22", "text": "accept this. It is not. It is fundamentally incompatible with our nature. We have to have things to strive"}, {"start": "01:09:22", "end": "01:09:30", "text": "for and you know you can sustain life that way but you cannot um sustain a"}, {"start": "01:09:30", "end": "01:09:36", "text": "meaningful existence and so it's a short-term plan at best. Let's talk about meaning. Um on that point of job"}, {"start": "01:09:36", "end": "01:09:43", "text": "displacement this is already happening. Cler CEO who has been on this podcast before, a great guy, um said to on a"}, {"start": "01:09:43", "end": "01:09:50", "text": "blog post that they published on Cler's website saying that they now have AI customer service agents handling 2.3"}, {"start": "01:09:50", "end": "01:09:55", "text": "million chats per month, which is equal to having to hire 700 full-time people"}, {"start": "01:09:55", "end": "01:10:03", "text": "to do that. So, they've already been able to save on 700 customer service people by having air agents to do that."}, {"start": "01:10:03", "end": "01:10:10", "text": "And they actually they actually got rid of those 700 jobs, right? I don't have that information in front of me, but I'll have a look. Um, I'll throw it up"}, {"start": "01:10:10", "end": "01:10:15", "text": "on screen for anyone that wants context on that. But that's already happening. This isn't some antologist or something."}, {"start": "01:10:15", "end": "01:10:20", "text": "And these aren't high paid people in every case. We've done something similar, by the way. We've we internally"}, {"start": "01:10:20", "end": "01:10:26", "text": "we've we've replaced that function for 70%."}, {"start": "01:10:26", "end": "01:10:32", "text": "Yeah. I mean, our company, we're 65 people and, you know, we um, you know,"}, {"start": "01:10:32", "end": "01:10:38", "text": "we make, you know, millions per per head, you know. So, it's a Are you going to need to hire more people to get up to"}, {"start": "01:10:38", "end": "01:10:44", "text": "I think so, but we're we're hiring slowly, like, you know, we're we're using uh customer support, AI, and that"}, {"start": "01:10:44", "end": "01:10:50", "text": "meant that we we need less uh customer support, and we're trying to leverage AI"}, {"start": "01:10:50", "end": "01:10:56", "text": "as much as possible. the the person in HR at Replet writes software using"}, {"start": "01:10:56", "end": "01:11:01", "text": "Replet. So, I'll give you an example. She needed um Orc charts uh software and"}, {"start": "01:11:01", "end": "01:11:08", "text": "she looked at a bunch of them, got a lot of demos and they're all very expensive and they they're missing the kind of"}, {"start": "01:11:08", "end": "01:11:13", "text": "features that she want. For example, she wanted like version control. She wanted to know when when something changed and"}, {"start": "01:11:13", "end": "01:11:20", "text": "to go back in history. She went into replet in 3 days she got exactly the kind of software that she wanted and"}, {"start": "01:11:20", "end": "01:11:27", "text": "what was the cost you know perhaps $20 you know something like that $ 20 $30 once right and um how many employees in"}, {"start": "01:11:27", "end": "01:11:33", "text": "HR do we need right now we have two uh if if they're highly levered like that"}, {"start": "01:11:33", "end": "01:11:41", "text": "maybe we do not need a 20 HR team on this point of meaning I've heard so many billionaires"}, {"start": "01:11:41", "end": "01:11:47", "text": "in AI describe this as the age of abundance and I'm not necessarily sure If abundance is always a great thing"}, {"start": "01:11:47", "end": "01:11:53", "text": "because you know when we look at mental health and we look at why how people"}, {"start": "01:11:53", "end": "01:12:00", "text": "derive their meaning and their purpose in life much of it is having something to strive towards and some struggle in a meaningful direction to you and this is"}, {"start": "01:12:00", "end": "01:12:06", "text": "maybe adjacent but when there was a study done I think it was in Australia where they looked at suicide letters and"}, {"start": "01:12:06", "end": "01:12:12", "text": "in the suicide letters the sentiment of men in those suicide letters was they didn't"}, {"start": "01:12:12", "end": "01:12:19", "text": "feel worthy they didn't feel like they were worth it. They didn't feel like they were needed by their families. And"}, {"start": "01:12:19", "end": "01:12:25", "text": "this is much of what caused their psychological state. And I wonder in a world of abundance where we, you know, a"}, {"start": "01:12:25", "end": "01:12:31", "text": "lot of these AI billionaires are telling us that we're going to have so much free time and we're not going to need to work. If there is at all going to be a"}, {"start": "01:12:31", "end": "01:12:37", "text": "crisis of meaning, a mental health problem. I mean, there already is. And it doesn't require AI and it's going to"}, {"start": "01:12:37", "end": "01:12:47", "text": "get worse. I don't know what to do about it because essentially as human beings we are built like all organisms to find"}, {"start": "01:12:47", "end": "01:12:53", "text": "opportunity and figure out how to exploit it. That's what we do. And the world you're describing is really the"}, {"start": "01:12:53", "end": "01:12:59", "text": "opposite of that. It's one where you're effectively having your biological needs"}, {"start": "01:12:59", "end": "01:13:06", "text": "at the physiological level satisfied and there isn't an obvious place for your"}, {"start": "01:13:06", "end": "01:13:12", "text": "spare time if that's what you end up with to be utilized in something that"}, {"start": "01:13:12", "end": "01:13:17", "text": "you know there's no place to strive and I do imagine almost at best what would"}, {"start": "01:13:17", "end": "01:13:24", "text": "happen is you have people who are being sustained by a universal basic income"}, {"start": "01:13:24", "end": "01:13:30", "text": "come and then parasetized uh you know whatever currency they have to spend somebody will be targeting it"}, {"start": "01:13:30", "end": "01:13:36", "text": "and they will be targeting it with a an AI augmented system that spots their"}, {"start": "01:13:36", "end": "01:13:42", "text": "defects of character. I mean, again, we're already living in this world, but it will be that much worse when the AI"}, {"start": "01:13:42", "end": "01:13:50", "text": "is figuring out, you know, what kind of porn to target you with specifically. That's uh it's a nightmare scenario. And"}, {"start": "01:13:50", "end": "01:13:57", "text": "I do think it would be worth our time as a species to start considering if we are"}, {"start": "01:13:57", "end": "01:14:02", "text": "about to find ourselves in this situation and we find some way of dealing with the basic needs of the"}, {"start": "01:14:02", "end": "01:14:09", "text": "large number of people who are going to be sidelined. What would a world have to look like in order for them to have real"}, {"start": "01:14:09", "end": "01:14:14", "text": "meaning? Not pseudo meaning, not something that you know superficially, you know, a video game is not meaning"}, {"start": "01:14:14", "end": "01:14:20", "text": "even if it feels very meaningful in the moment. I I think that would be a a worthy investment for us to figure out"}, {"start": "01:14:20", "end": "01:14:27", "text": "how to produce it. But frankly, I'm not expecting us to either have that conversation or get very far down that"}, {"start": "01:14:27", "end": "01:14:34", "text": "road. I think it's much more likely that we will squander the wealth dividend that will be produced by by AI."}, {"start": "01:14:34", "end": "01:14:40", "text": "Interestingly, you also see in Western countries that when we get more abundance, we start having less kids."}, {"start": "01:14:40", "end": "01:14:46", "text": "And we're already seeing this sort of population decline in the Western world, which is was kind of scary. I think it's"}, {"start": "01:14:46", "end": "01:14:52", "text": "often associated with affluence like the more money someone makes the less likely they are to want to want to have children the more they try and protect"}, {"start": "01:14:52", "end": "01:14:58", "text": "their freedoms. But also on this point of AI relationships are hard you know my"}, {"start": "01:14:58", "end": "01:15:04", "text": "girlfriend is happy sometimes and not happy other times and I have to like you"}, {"start": "01:15:04", "end": "01:15:10", "text": "know go through that struggle with her of like working on the relationship. Children are hard and if we are"}, {"start": "01:15:10", "end": "01:15:16", "text": "optimizing ourselves and you know much of the reason that I sustain the struggle with my girlfriend is I'm sure from some evolutionary reason because I"}, {"start": "01:15:16", "end": "01:15:23", "text": "want to reproduce and I want to have kin but if I didn't have to deal with the"}, {"start": "01:15:23", "end": "01:15:29", "text": "struggle that comes with human relationships romantic or platonic there's going to be a proportion of people that actually choose that outcome"}, {"start": "01:15:29", "end": "01:15:35", "text": "and I wonder what's going to happen to birth rates in such a scenario because we're already struggling. We're already in a situation where we used to be"}, {"start": "01:15:35", "end": "01:15:45", "text": "having five children per woman in the 1950s to about two in"}, {"start": "01:15:45", "end": "01:15:51", "text": "2021. And we're seeing a decline. If you look at South Korea, their fertility rate has fallen to 72, the lowest"}, {"start": "01:15:51", "end": "01:16:00", "text": "recorded globally. And if this trend continues, the country's population could half by 20, 100."}, {"start": "01:16:00", "end": "01:16:05", "text": "So yeah, relationships, connections, and and also I guess I guess we've got to overlay that with the loneliness"}, {"start": "01:16:05", "end": "01:16:12", "text": "epidemic, which is they promised us social connection when social media came about, when we"}, {"start": "01:16:12", "end": "01:16:17", "text": "got Wi-Fi connections, the promise was that we would become more connected. But it's so clear that because we spend so"}, {"start": "01:16:17", "end": "01:16:23", "text": "long alone, isolated, having our needs met by Uber Eats drivers and social media and Tik Tok and the internet, that"}, {"start": "01:16:23", "end": "01:16:29", "text": "we're investing less in the very difficult thing of like going and making a friend and like going and finding a"}, {"start": "01:16:29", "end": "01:16:36", "text": "girlfriend. Young people are having sex less than ever before. Everything that is associated with the difficult job of"}, {"start": "01:16:36", "end": "01:16:41", "text": "making in real life connection seems to be um falling away."}, {"start": "01:16:41", "end": "01:16:48", "text": "I I will make the case that everything that we've discussed here, all the negative things around loneliness, um"}, {"start": "01:16:48", "end": "01:16:55", "text": "around meaning, they're already here. And I don't think blaming technology for"}, {"start": "01:16:55", "end": "01:17:04", "text": "all of it is is the right thing. Like I think there are a lot of things that happened because of existing human uh"}, {"start": "01:17:04", "end": "01:17:10", "text": "you know, impulses and and motivations. Um well I I wanted to go back to where"}, {"start": "01:17:10", "end": "01:17:17", "text": "you started because I do think that this maybe is the fundamental question. Why is it that we are already living in a"}, {"start": "01:17:17", "end": "01:17:22", "text": "world that is not making us happy? And is that the responsibility of technology? And I don't think it's"}, {"start": "01:17:22", "end": "01:17:28", "text": "exactly technology. Human beings uh among our gifts are fundamentally technological whether we're talking"}, {"start": "01:17:28", "end": "01:17:35", "text": "about quantum computing or flintnapping an arrow"}, {"start": "01:17:35", "end": "01:17:42", "text": "head. What has happened to us that has created the growing, spreading, morphing"}, {"start": "01:17:42", "end": "01:17:47", "text": "dystopia is a process that Heather and I in our book, A Hunter Gather's Guide to"}, {"start": "01:17:47", "end": "01:17:54", "text": "the 21st Century, call hyper novelty. Hypern novelty is the fact of"}, {"start": "01:17:54", "end": "01:18:00", "text": "the rate of change outpacing our capacity to adapt to change. And we are"}, {"start": "01:18:00", "end": "01:18:07", "text": "already well past the threshold here where the world that we are young in is not the world that we are adults in. And"}, {"start": "01:18:07", "end": "01:18:13", "text": "that mismatch is making us sick across multiple different domains. So the the"}, {"start": "01:18:13", "end": "01:18:21", "text": "question that I ask is is the change that you're talking about going to reduce the rate of change in which case"}, {"start": "01:18:21", "end": "01:18:27", "text": "we could build a world that would start meeting human needs better open opportunities for pursuing meaningful"}, {"start": "01:18:27", "end": "01:18:35", "text": "work. or is it going to accelerate the rate of change which is in my opinion guaranteed to make us worse off. So if"}, {"start": "01:18:35", "end": "01:18:41", "text": "it was a one-time shift, right, AI is going to dawn. It's going to open all sorts of new opportunities. There's"}, {"start": "01:18:41", "end": "01:18:46", "text": "going to be a tremendous amount of disruption, but from that we'll be able to build a world. Is that world going to"}, {"start": "01:18:46", "end": "01:18:54", "text": "be stable or is it going to be just, you know, one event horizon after the next? If it's the latter, then it effectively"}, {"start": "01:18:54", "end": "01:19:00", "text": "says what it does to the humans, which is it it's going to dismantle us. When I"}, {"start": "01:19:00", "end": "01:19:07", "text": "look out at society, I I go, okay, it's having a negative impact. When I look at um individual use cases, it's having a"}, {"start": "01:19:07", "end": "01:19:13", "text": "profoundly positive impact. Including for me, it's having a very positive impact. So, it's it's one of these"}, {"start": "01:19:13", "end": "01:19:20", "text": "things where I wonder what is that what is it that we need to teach people at school so that they understand the world"}, {"start": "01:19:20", "end": "01:19:26", "text": "that we're going into? Because one of the biggest issues that we're having is that we're sending kids to school with"}, {"start": "01:19:26", "end": "01:19:33", "text": "this blueprint, this template that they're going to have this long arc career that no longer exists that"}, {"start": "01:19:33", "end": "01:19:38", "text": "essentially we're treating them like learning LLMs. And we're saying, \"Okay, we're going to prompt you. You're going"}, {"start": "01:19:38", "end": "01:19:44", "text": "to give us the right answer. you're going to hallucinate it if possible. And you know, and and then we go, \"Okay, now"}, {"start": "01:19:44", "end": "01:19:50", "text": "go off into the world.\" And they go, \"Oh, but wait a second. I don't know how money works. I don't know how society works. I don't know how my brain works."}, {"start": "01:19:50", "end": "01:19:56", "text": "I don't know how I meant to handle this novelty problem. I'm not sure how to approach someone in a in a social"}, {"start": "01:19:56", "end": "01:20:01", "text": "situation and ask if they want to go on a date.\" Um so all the important things that actually are the important"}, {"start": "01:20:01", "end": "01:20:09", "text": "milestones that people want to be able to hit and that technology can actually have an impact on we get no user manual."}, {"start": "01:20:09", "end": "01:20:17", "text": "So I think one of the biggest things that has to happen is we have to equip uh young people all through school that"}, {"start": "01:20:17", "end": "01:20:22", "text": "to actually prepare them for the world that's coming or the world that's here."}, {"start": "01:20:22", "end": "01:20:29", "text": "Well on the one hand I think you you outline the problem very well. effectively we have a a model of what"}, {"start": "01:20:29", "end": "01:20:36", "text": "school is supposed to do that you know at best was sort of a match for the 50s or something like that and it woefully"}, {"start": "01:20:36", "end": "01:20:44", "text": "misses the mark with respect to preparing people for the world they actually face if we were going to prepare them I"}, {"start": "01:20:44", "end": "01:20:50", "text": "would argue that the only toolkit worth having at the moment is a highly general"}, {"start": "01:20:50", "end": "01:20:57", "text": "toolkit the capacity to think on your feet and pivot as things change is the only game in town with respect to our"}, {"start": "01:20:57", "end": "01:21:02", "text": "ability to prepare you in advance. Maybe the the other auxiliary component to"}, {"start": "01:21:02", "end": "01:21:08", "text": "that would be teaching you what we know which is frankly not enough about how to"}, {"start": "01:21:08", "end": "01:21:14", "text": "live a healthy life. Right? If we could if we could induce people into the kinds"}, {"start": "01:21:14", "end": "01:21:20", "text": "of habits of behavior and the consumption of food and then train them"}, {"start": "01:21:20", "end": "01:21:28", "text": "to think on their feet, they might have a chance in the world that's coming. But uh the fly in the ointment is we don't"}, {"start": "01:21:28", "end": "01:21:34", "text": "have the teachers to do it. We don't have people who know. And that is the question is could the AI actually be"}, {"start": "01:21:34", "end": "01:21:40", "text": "utilized in this manner to actually induce the right habits of mind for"}, {"start": "01:21:40", "end": "01:21:47", "text": "people to live in that world. I I I spent a lot of time in education technology. One thing that is as we say"}, {"start": "01:21:47", "end": "01:21:54", "text": "on the internet a black pill about education in general, education intervention is there's a lot of data"}, {"start": "01:21:54", "end": "01:21:59", "text": "that shows that there are very little interventions you can make in education"}, {"start": "01:21:59", "end": "01:22:05", "text": "to generate better outcomes. Um and so you know uh there's been a lot of"}, {"start": "01:22:05", "end": "01:22:11", "text": "experiment around pedagogy around you know how to configure the the the classroom that have resulted in very"}, {"start": "01:22:11", "end": "01:22:19", "text": "marginal improvements. There's only one intervention and this this has been uh reproduced many times that creates two"}, {"start": "01:22:19", "end": "01:22:24", "text": "sigma two standard deviation uh positive outcomes in education"}, {"start": "01:22:24", "end": "01:22:31", "text": "meaning you're better than 99% of uh of of everyone else and that is one-on-one"}, {"start": "01:22:31", "end": "01:22:36", "text": "tutoring I thought so I was going to say smaller classrooms and personalization one-on-one tutoring yeah and and but by"}, {"start": "01:22:36", "end": "01:22:42", "text": "the way if you look someone also did a survey of all the geniuses the understanders of the world and found"}, {"start": "01:22:42", "end": "01:22:48", "text": "that they all had one-on-one tutoring. They all had someone in their lives that took interest in them and tutored them."}, {"start": "01:22:48", "end": "01:22:53", "text": "So, what can create one-on-one tutoring opportunity for every child in the"}, {"start": "01:22:53", "end": "01:22:59", "text": "world? AI. AI. My kids use it and it's incredible. Yeah. As in like um they're"}, {"start": "01:22:59", "end": "01:23:06", "text": "interacting and and it's adapting to their speed. Yes. And um it's giving them different analogies to work with."}, {"start": "01:23:06", "end": "01:23:13", "text": "So, like, you know, my son was learning about division and it's asking him to smash glass and how many pieces he"}, {"start": "01:23:13", "end": "01:23:18", "text": "smashes it into with this hammer and, you know, and it's saying things like, \"No, Xander, go for it. Really smash"}, {"start": "01:23:18", "end": "01:23:24", "text": "it.\" And um and he's loving it, right? Is that synthesis? Yeah. Yeah. I'm an investor in this company. Oh, well, it"}, {"start": "01:23:24", "end": "01:23:31", "text": "was it was it's great to watch that simulated one-on-one tutoring because it's talking to him. It's asking him"}, {"start": "01:23:31", "end": "01:23:38", "text": "questions. Brett, you're an educator. you uh spent much of your life teaching people in universities. How do you"}, {"start": "01:23:38", "end": "01:23:43", "text": "receive all of this? Well, on the one hand, I agree that the uh the closer to"}, {"start": "01:23:43", "end": "01:23:50", "text": "one to one you get, the better. But I also personally believe that 0ero to one"}, {"start": "01:23:50", "end": "01:23:56", "text": "is best. And what I mean by that is part of what's gone wrong with our"}, {"start": "01:23:56", "end": "01:24:03", "text": "educational system is that it is done through abstraction."}, {"start": "01:24:03", "end": "01:24:09", "text": "And effectively the arbiter of whether you have succeeded or failed in learning"}, {"start": "01:24:09", "end": "01:24:15", "text": "the lesson is the person at the front of the room. And that's okay if the person at the front of the room is truly"}, {"start": "01:24:15", "end": "01:24:23", "text": "insightful. And it's terrible if the person at the front of the room is lackluster, which happens a lot. So what"}, {"start": "01:24:23", "end": "01:24:29", "text": "doesn't work that way is interaction with the physical world in which nobody has to tell you whether you've succeeded"}, {"start": "01:24:29", "end": "01:24:36", "text": "or failed. If you're faced with an engine that doesn't start, you can't argue it into starting. You have to"}, {"start": "01:24:36", "end": "01:24:42", "text": "figure out what the thing is that has caused it to fail, and then there's a great reward when you alter that thing"}, {"start": "01:24:42", "end": "01:24:49", "text": "and suddenly it fires up. So, I'm a big fan of being as light-handed as possible"}, {"start": "01:24:49", "end": "01:24:55", "text": "and as concrete as possible in teaching. In other words, uh, when I've done it, and not just with students, but with my"}, {"start": "01:24:55", "end": "01:25:00", "text": "own children, I like to say as little as possible, and I like to let physical"}, {"start": "01:25:00", "end": "01:25:06", "text": "systems tell the person when they've succeeded or failed. And that creates an"}, {"start": "01:25:06", "end": "01:25:11", "text": "understanding. You can extrapolate from one system to the next. And you know that you're not just extrapolating from"}, {"start": "01:25:11", "end": "01:25:18", "text": "one person's misunderstanding. You're extrapolating from the way things actually work. So, I don't know if AI"}, {"start": "01:25:18", "end": "01:25:24", "text": "can be leveraged in that context. My sense is there's probably a way to do it, but one would have to be deliberate"}, {"start": "01:25:24", "end": "01:25:31", "text": "about it, especially with robotics and humanoid robots. Actually, that is that is the place uh where where you can do"}, {"start": "01:25:31", "end": "01:25:38", "text": "this is with robotics that um it seems to me. Yeah. Well, robotics"}, {"start": "01:25:38", "end": "01:25:45", "text": "will teach you the physical computing part of it. And then the question is how do you infuse this with AI so that um it"}, {"start": "01:25:45", "end": "01:25:51", "text": "is that it you know it provokes you out of some eddy where you're caught and"}, {"start": "01:25:51", "end": "01:25:57", "text": "moves you into the ability to solve some next level problem uh that you you wouldn't have found on your own. What do"}, {"start": "01:25:57", "end": "01:26:03", "text": "what do you think should be taught in the classroom with everything that you now know? Well, you're all fathers here."}, {"start": "01:26:03", "end": "01:26:09", "text": "You all have your own children. So, it's a good question for you. How old are your kids? How old are your kids? Uh"}, {"start": "01:26:09", "end": "01:26:15", "text": "three and five. 19 and 21 and six, seven, and 10. My children are very"}, {"start": "01:26:15", "end": "01:26:21", "text": "young, but uh we already do use AI and I sit down with them in front of replet and we generate ideas and make make"}, {"start": "01:26:21", "end": "01:26:27", "text": "games. And um I would say, you know, what Brett said about generality is very important. The ability to pivot and kind"}, {"start": "01:26:27", "end": "01:26:33", "text": "of learn skills quickly. Being generative is very very important."}, {"start": "01:26:33", "end": "01:26:41", "text": "Having a you know a fast pace of generating ideas and iterating on those ideas. We sit down in front of Chad GPT"}, {"start": "01:26:41", "end": "01:26:47", "text": "and my kid imagines scenario. Oh, what if you know there's a there's a cat on the moon and then you know what if the"}, {"start": "01:26:47", "end": "01:26:55", "text": "moon is made of cheese and what if there's a mouse inside it or and so we keep generating these um variations of"}, {"start": "01:26:55", "end": "01:27:01", "text": "these different ideas and I and I find that you know makes them more imaginative and and creative. Uh rule"}, {"start": "01:27:01", "end": "01:27:07", "text": "number one that I tell my kids is stay away from porn at all costs. I'd rather"}, {"start": "01:27:07", "end": "01:27:13", "text": "you have a drug problem than a porn problem. And I actually mean that. I think it's I think porn is more dangerous to the to the human being as"}, {"start": "01:27:13", "end": "01:27:20", "text": "as bad as a drug problem is. But when we get to the question of how to confront the world and uh the things that you're"}, {"start": "01:27:20", "end": "01:27:26", "text": "going to be um expected to to do in the workplace and all of that, my point to"}, {"start": "01:27:26", "end": "01:27:36", "text": "them is you are facing the uh the dawning of the age of complex systems"}, {"start": "01:27:36", "end": "01:27:42", "text": "that you are going to have to interact with. And in the age of complex systems, you have to understand that you cannot"}, {"start": "01:27:42", "end": "01:27:49", "text": "blueprint a solution. And you have to approach these systems with a upgraded"}, {"start": "01:27:49", "end": "01:27:54", "text": "toolkit of humility because the ability of the system to do something you don't"}, {"start": "01:27:54", "end": "01:27:59", "text": "predict is much greater than a highly complicated system. So you have to anticipate that and be very sensitive to"}, {"start": "01:27:59", "end": "01:28:06", "text": "the fact that what you intended to happen is not what's going to happen. So you have to monitor the unintended"}, {"start": "01:28:06", "end": "01:28:12", "text": "consequences of whatever your action is and that there are really two tools which work. One of which you just"}, {"start": "01:28:12", "end": "01:28:18", "text": "mentioned which is the prototyping. You prototype things. You don't imagine that I know the solution to this and I'm"}, {"start": "01:28:18", "end": "01:28:23", "text": "going to build it. You imagine I think there's a solution down there. I'm going to make a proof of concept and then I'm"}, {"start": "01:28:23", "end": "01:28:29", "text": "going to discover what I don't know and I'm going to make the next version. Discover what I don't know and eventually you may get to something that"}, {"start": "01:28:29", "end": "01:28:36", "text": "actually truly accomplishes the goal. So prototyping is one thing. And also instead of using the blueprint"}, {"start": "01:28:36", "end": "01:28:42", "text": "as the metaphor in your mind uh navigate you can navigate somewhere. And you know"}, {"start": "01:28:42", "end": "01:28:50", "text": "that the way I think of it is a surfer is in some ways mastering a complex"}, {"start": "01:28:50", "end": "01:28:56", "text": "system but they're not doing it by planning their days surfing down the waves. You can't do that. What you can"}, {"start": "01:28:56", "end": "01:29:01", "text": "do is you can be expert at absorbing feedback and navigating your way down"}, {"start": "01:29:01", "end": "01:29:07", "text": "the wave. and that that's the right approach for a complex system. Nothing else is going to work. And so I guess"}, {"start": "01:29:07", "end": "01:29:13", "text": "the final piece is uh general tools always no specialization. This is this"}, {"start": "01:29:13", "end": "01:29:19", "text": "is the age of generalists and um invest in those tools and they will pay."}, {"start": "01:29:19", "end": "01:29:24", "text": "So the guiding philosophy for me is uh to produce high agency generalists. So"}, {"start": "01:29:24", "end": "01:29:31", "text": "um ultimately I want them to be motivated self-starters and have a wide general toolkit. I imagine them very"}, {"start": "01:29:31", "end": "01:29:36", "text": "much what you imagine which is instructing robots, instructing agents,"}, {"start": "01:29:36", "end": "01:29:41", "text": "coming up with ideas. Um, and I imagine them having a very high velocity life"}, {"start": "01:29:41", "end": "01:29:47", "text": "where they may be writing a book, organizing a festival, having a podcast, starting a business, and being part of"}, {"start": "01:29:47", "end": "01:29:54", "text": "somebody else's business all at once as they are of the ADHD. Yeah. Right. Exactly. Um, so the high agency"}, {"start": "01:29:54", "end": "01:30:00", "text": "generalist is the kind of guiding philosophy. Some of the things that we do is like we do chess, we do Brazilian"}, {"start": "01:30:00", "end": "01:30:07", "text": "jiu-jitsu, we do dancing, we do acting classes, playing in nature, uh entrepreneurship, understanding that you"}, {"start": "01:30:07", "end": "01:30:13", "text": "can start a lemonade. We just did lemonade stands which was amazing. U we sold lots of lemonade on the street. So"}, {"start": "01:30:13", "end": "01:30:19", "text": "those kind of things and jumping from one thing to the next thing, but also trying to avoid too many screens and"}, {"start": "01:30:19", "end": "01:30:25", "text": "forcing them into making stuff from what's going on around the house. Um,"}, {"start": "01:30:25", "end": "01:30:30", "text": "some distinctions that we try and give them is the difference between creating and consuming because I think AI has"}, {"start": "01:30:30", "end": "01:30:36", "text": "this superpower of making you a hyper consumer or a hyper creator. Um, and if you don't understand the distinction"}, {"start": "01:30:36", "end": "01:30:44", "text": "between creation and consumption, you end up falling into the consumption trap, whether it be porn or just news or"}, {"start": "01:30:44", "end": "01:30:51", "text": "um, thing, you know, things that feel like you're productive, but you're actually just consuming stuff. Won't that be the most successful AI? the one"}, {"start": "01:30:51", "end": "01:30:58", "text": "that plays with my dopamine the most. Yeah. And and makes you and makes you think that you're achieving something"}, {"start": "01:30:58", "end": "01:31:04", "text": "when you're actually just consuming something. So trying to give them the understanding that there is this"}, {"start": "01:31:04", "end": "01:31:09", "text": "difference in their life between creation and consumption and to be on the creation side. I started my first"}, {"start": "01:31:09", "end": "01:31:14", "text": "business at 12 years old and I started more businesses at 14, 15, 16, 17 and"}, {"start": "01:31:14", "end": "01:31:21", "text": "18. And at that time, what I didn't realize is that being a founder with no money meant that I also had to be the"}, {"start": "01:31:21", "end": "01:31:27", "text": "marketeteer, the sales rep, the finance team, customer service, and the recruiter. But if you're starting a"}, {"start": "01:31:27", "end": "01:31:33", "text": "business today, thankfully, there's a tool that wears all of those hats for you. Our sponsor today, which is"}, {"start": "01:31:33", "end": "01:31:40", "text": "Shopify. Because of all of its AI integrations, using Shopify feels a bit like you've hired an entire growth team"}, {"start": "01:31:40", "end": "01:31:46", "text": "from day one, taking care of writing product descriptions, your website design, and enhancing your products"}, {"start": "01:31:46", "end": "01:31:51", "text": "images, not to mention the bits you'd expect Shopify to handle, like the shipping, like the taxes, like the"}, {"start": "01:31:51", "end": "01:31:59", "text": "inventory. And if you're looking to get your business started, go to shopify.com/bartlet and sign up for a $1"}, {"start": "01:31:59", "end": "01:32:04", "text": "per month trial. That's shopify.com/bartlet."}, {"start": "01:32:04", "end": "01:32:12", "text": "The thing that we I think all agree on is that this is inevitable. Do you agree with that, Brett? I think it's sad that"}, {"start": "01:32:12", "end": "01:32:18", "text": "it is inevitable, but at this point it is. What part of it do you find sad?"}, {"start": "01:32:18", "end": "01:32:24", "text": "We have squandered a long period of"}, {"start": "01:32:24", "end": "01:32:31", "text": "productivity and peace in which we could have prepared for this moment. and our"}, {"start": "01:32:31", "end": "01:32:38", "text": "narrow focus on competition has created"}, {"start": "01:32:38", "end": "01:32:45", "text": "a a fragile world that I'm afraid is not going to survive the disruption that's coming. And it didn't have to be that"}, {"start": "01:32:45", "end": "01:32:51", "text": "way. This was foreseeable. I mean, frankly, the movie 2001, which came out"}, {"start": "01:32:51", "end": "01:32:58", "text": "the year before I was born, anticipates some of these problems. And you know we"}, {"start": "01:32:58", "end": "01:33:07", "text": "treated it too much like education. I mean like entertainment and not enough like education. So we are now you know"}, {"start": "01:33:07", "end": "01:33:12", "text": "we've had the AI era opened without a discussion about its implications for"}, {"start": "01:33:12", "end": "01:33:18", "text": "humanity. There is now for game theoretic reasons no way to slow that"}, {"start": "01:33:18", "end": "01:33:24", "text": "pace because as you point out if we restrain ourselves we simply put the AI in the hands of our competitors. That's"}, {"start": "01:33:24", "end": "01:33:30", "text": "not a solution. So, I don't advocate it, but there's a lot more preparation we could have done. We could have"}, {"start": "01:33:30", "end": "01:33:36", "text": "recognized that there were a lot of people in jobs that were uh about to be obliterated and we could have thought"}, {"start": "01:33:36", "end": "01:33:42", "text": "deeply about what the moral implications were and what the solutions at our"}, {"start": "01:33:42", "end": "01:33:49", "text": "disposal might have been. And having not prepared, it's going to be a lot more carnage than it needed to be. Amjad, I"}, {"start": "01:33:49", "end": "01:33:54", "text": "heard you say a second ago that what we should be talking about is how we deal with job displacement. Do you have any"}, {"start": "01:33:54", "end": "01:34:00", "text": "theories if you were prime prime minister or president of the world and"}, {"start": "01:34:00", "end": "01:34:05", "text": "you your job was to deal with job displacement let's just say in the United States how would you go about"}, {"start": "01:34:05", "end": "01:34:11", "text": "that the first thing I would do is uh teach people about these systems whether"}, {"start": "01:34:11", "end": "01:34:18", "text": "it's um programs on on the TV or outreach or or what have you just trying"}, {"start": "01:34:18", "end": "01:34:24", "text": "to get people to understand how chat GBT works how these algorith algorithms work"}, {"start": "01:34:24", "end": "01:34:31", "text": "and as the new jobs arrive um I think you know there's going to be an opportunity for people to be able to"}, {"start": "01:34:31", "end": "01:34:37", "text": "detect that you know the this job requires this set of skills and I I I"}, {"start": "01:34:37", "end": "01:34:43", "text": "have this this kind of experience and although my experience are potentially outdated I can repurpose that experience"}, {"start": "01:34:43", "end": "01:34:49", "text": "to do that job I'll give you an example a teacher his name is Adil Khan you know"}, {"start": "01:34:49", "end": "01:34:55", "text": "he started using at the time GPT3 and uh felt like it does amazing work as a"}, {"start": "01:34:55", "end": "01:35:01", "text": "tools for teachers or even potentially a teacher itself. So he learned a little bit of coding and he he went to"}, {"start": "01:35:01", "end": "01:35:07", "text": "Unreallet and he built uh this company and um just two years later they're"}, {"start": "01:35:07", "end": "01:35:13", "text": "worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Obviously, not everyone will be able to create businesses of that scale, but"}, {"start": "01:35:13", "end": "01:35:18", "text": "because you have an experience in a certain domain, you'll be able to build"}, {"start": "01:35:18", "end": "01:35:23", "text": "the next iteration of of of that using technology. So, even if your job was"}, {"start": "01:35:23", "end": "01:35:30", "text": "displaced, you'll be able to figure out, you know, what's what's potentially what"}, {"start": "01:35:30", "end": "01:35:37", "text": "potentially comes after that. So, so I I I think people's expertise that they built, I don't think they're all for"}, {"start": "01:35:37", "end": "01:35:42", "text": "waste. Even if your job went away, you can never really predict what jobs"}, {"start": "01:35:42", "end": "01:35:47", "text": "are coming. I mean, I think of this crazy situation where I tell my"}, {"start": "01:35:47", "end": "01:35:53", "text": "grandfather, what is a personal fitness trainer? And he would his mind would be"}, {"start": "01:35:53", "end": "01:35:59", "text": "blown by this idea that well, okay, I don't really want to go to the gym, so I have to make an appointment and pay"}, {"start": "01:35:59", "end": "01:36:04", "text": "someone to go to the gym and meet with me there. And then he stands there and tells me to lift heavy things that I"}, {"start": "01:36:04", "end": "01:36:10", "text": "don't really want to lift. And then he counts them and tells me that I've done a good job and then I put the heavy"}, {"start": "01:36:10", "end": "01:36:16", "text": "things down and then at the end of that I feel really good and I pay him a bunch of money. My grandfather would be like"}, {"start": "01:36:16", "end": "01:36:21", "text": "what on earth have you been scammed? Is this so we can never predict what what"}, {"start": "01:36:21", "end": "01:36:26", "text": "this uh future of jobs would look like. Even just 20 30 40 years apart the jobs"}, {"start": "01:36:26", "end": "01:36:34", "text": "rapidly and convincingly just morph into something else. I think it's very dangerous the idea that we need to focus"}, {"start": "01:36:34", "end": "01:36:40", "text": "on skills. I think the future is not in skills. Skills are being replaced. It's this idea that the education system has"}, {"start": "01:36:40", "end": "01:36:47", "text": "to stop being compartmentalized and has to be a lifelong learning approach. The department of education needs to be"}, {"start": "01:36:47", "end": "01:36:53", "text": "seeing people as lifelong learners who are constantly disrupted and need re-education. Interesting. That that's"}, {"start": "01:36:53", "end": "01:37:00", "text": "going to be a thing. The Department of Education needs to start as a kid and go right through to maybe 70. Does the"}, {"start": "01:37:00", "end": "01:37:06", "text": "Department of Education have a role anymore at all? Depends on your definition of education. I think if you're trying to teach kids or if you're"}, {"start": "01:37:06", "end": "01:37:14", "text": "trying to teach kids to, you know, remember facts and figures from a history book, then no. But if it's about"}, {"start": "01:37:14", "end": "01:37:20", "text": "coaching, mentoring, being displaced, finding the next thing, and maybe if it's AIdriven and all of those kind of"}, {"start": "01:37:20", "end": "01:37:26", "text": "things, then it's a different paradigm shift around what education is and what its purpose is. And if we see it as a"}, {"start": "01:37:26", "end": "01:37:32", "text": "fluid thing where we wave into an opportunity and then wave back into education, spotting a new opportunity"}, {"start": "01:37:32", "end": "01:37:39", "text": "and then back here. If we're learning rather than skills, but we're learning tools. So it's a tools-based education"}, {"start": "01:37:39", "end": "01:37:45", "text": "as opposed to a skills-based education. The the purpose of education for most of human history was about virtue, about"}, {"start": "01:37:45", "end": "01:37:51", "text": "becoming a great person who had good judgment and who had good values. And we don't really do much of that anymore."}, {"start": "01:37:51", "end": "01:37:56", "text": "But I think if we essentially said if we get back to what is if we ask the"}, {"start": "01:37:56", "end": "01:38:04", "text": "question what is the purpose of education and where does it fit in our lives and at what time frame does it go for and then we just trust that people"}, {"start": "01:38:04", "end": "01:38:09", "text": "are going to come up with weird and wonderful jobs. You know this is sounds"}, {"start": "01:38:09", "end": "01:38:17", "text": "crazy but also and this is a weird analogy. My cat is incredibly happy. How"}, {"start": "01:38:17", "end": "01:38:25", "text": "do you know? Well, it it demonstrates all the characteristics of of being a happy cat and it lives in a world of"}, {"start": "01:38:25", "end": "01:38:31", "text": "super intelligence as far as it's concerned. So, there's this house and food just magically happens. It has no"}, {"start": "01:38:31", "end": "01:38:38", "text": "idea that there's this Google calendar that runs a lot of things that happen around it. The food gets delivered. The"}, {"start": "01:38:38", "end": "01:38:44", "text": "money is magically made by something that is inconceivably more intelligent than the cat. And yet the cat has"}, {"start": "01:38:44", "end": "01:38:50", "text": "evolved to be living this life of purpose and meaning inside the house. And as far as it's aware, it it's got a"}, {"start": "01:38:50", "end": "01:38:57", "text": "great life. But you have the power at any moment if you're having a bad day to do something not so pleasant to that"}, {"start": "01:38:57", "end": "01:39:04", "text": "cat. And it can't really reciprocate that. Exactly. But but what's in it for me to hurt the cat?"}, {"start": "01:39:04", "end": "01:39:09", "text": "Because the in this analogy, you might want to move house and the landlord"}, {"start": "01:39:09", "end": "01:39:15", "text": "doesn't allow cats. So you've got a decision to make. Yeah, that there are things that the cat is highly disrupted"}, {"start": "01:39:15", "end": "01:39:20", "text": "by due to no fault of the cat. I get it. But as far as cat existence goes and the"}, {"start": "01:39:20", "end": "01:39:27", "text": "and the history of cats, if you were to ask that cat, do you want to tra trade places with any of the other cats that"}, {"start": "01:39:27", "end": "01:39:33", "text": "came before you? It would probably say, I don't want to take the risk because all the other cats had to fend for themselves in a way that I don't have"}, {"start": "01:39:33", "end": "01:39:38", "text": "to. It's very possible that we live end up living in a life a lot like the house"}, {"start": "01:39:38", "end": "01:39:44", "text": "cat in the sense that from our perspective we're extremely like we're"}, {"start": "01:39:44", "end": "01:39:50", "text": "having very interesting lives and purpose meaning and just there's this massive higher intelligence that's just"}, {"start": "01:39:50", "end": "01:39:57", "text": "running stuff and we don't know how it works but it doesn't really matter whether how it works. We we we are the"}, {"start": "01:39:57", "end": "01:40:03", "text": "beneficiaries of it and it it's doing important things and we're enjoying being house cats in in its in its life."}, {"start": "01:40:03", "end": "01:40:10", "text": "I have a few things to say about this. One, I'm pretty sure your cat's not as impressed with your capacity as you are"}, {"start": "01:40:10", "end": "01:40:15", "text": "or as you think he is. Um I just know cats well enough to be pretty sure of that. But oh, it looks down on me. Yeah,"}, {"start": "01:40:15", "end": "01:40:21", "text": "you're right. I think it I think it's a fair it's a fair point that there is an existence and actually, you know, pets"}, {"start": "01:40:21", "end": "01:40:27", "text": "really do have it. If they have loving owners, they really do have it pretty great. And I would also point out that there's a way in which we already are"}, {"start": "01:40:27", "end": "01:40:33", "text": "this way. Most of us do not understand the process that results in electricity"}, {"start": "01:40:33", "end": "01:40:39", "text": "coming out of the walls of our house or the water that comes out of the tap. And we're pretty much okay with the fact"}, {"start": "01:40:39", "end": "01:40:45", "text": "that somebody takes care of that and we can busy ourselves with whatever it might be. But the place that I find"}, {"start": "01:40:45", "end": "01:40:51", "text": "something troubling in your description is that you say that the nature of what"}, {"start": "01:40:51", "end": "01:40:57", "text": "we do is to deal with the fact that jobs are always being upended. That's a very"}, {"start": "01:40:57", "end": "01:41:03", "text": "new process. That is the hypern novelty process. It used to be that it was only"}, {"start": "01:41:03", "end": "01:41:09", "text": "very rarely that a population had a circumstance where you didn't effectively do exactly what your"}, {"start": "01:41:09", "end": "01:41:15", "text": "immediate ancestors did. Right? Um, in general, you took what the jobs were,"}, {"start": "01:41:15", "end": "01:41:21", "text": "you picked something that was suited to you, and you did that thing intergenerationally."}, {"start": "01:41:21", "end": "01:41:29", "text": "Intergenerationally. And the point is, we've now gotten to the point where even within your lifetime, what is possible"}, {"start": "01:41:29", "end": "01:41:35", "text": "to get paid for is going to shift radically in ways that nobody can predict. And that is a dangerous"}, {"start": "01:41:35", "end": "01:41:41", "text": "situation. Like probably every two years, like two or three years, right? And so maybe there's some model by which"}, {"start": "01:41:41", "end": "01:41:46", "text": "we can surf that wave and you can learn a generalist toolkit and you know that"}, {"start": "01:41:46", "end": "01:41:54", "text": "your survival doesn't depend on your being able to you know switch up every two years and never miss a beat or maybe"}, {"start": "01:41:54", "end": "01:42:00", "text": "we can't but I do think it is worth asking the question if the rate of"}, {"start": "01:42:00", "end": "01:42:07", "text": "technological change has taken us out of the normal human circumstance of being"}, {"start": "01:42:07", "end": "01:42:13", "text": "able to deduce what you might do for a living based on what your ancestors did and put us in a situation where what"}, {"start": "01:42:13", "end": "01:42:19", "text": "your ancestors did is going to be perfectly irrelevant no matter what. But that is effectively a choice that has"}, {"start": "01:42:19", "end": "01:42:26", "text": "been made for us. And we could choose to slow the rate of change so that we would"}, {"start": "01:42:26", "end": "01:42:32", "text": "live in some kind of harmony where our developmental environment and our adult"}, {"start": "01:42:32", "end": "01:42:38", "text": "environment were a match. Now, as a biologist, I would argue if we don't do something like that, this is a matter of"}, {"start": "01:42:38", "end": "01:42:43", "text": "time. Yeah. How would we change? How do we slow the rate of change? Well, I I mean, you can you can you can be the"}, {"start": "01:42:43", "end": "01:42:49", "text": "Amish, right? You can be the Amish and live in your own communities and and I would assume some people would would"}, {"start": "01:42:49", "end": "01:42:56", "text": "want that. Well, I'm you know, when Heather and I wrote our book, I wanted the first chapter to be, are the Amish"}, {"start": "01:42:56", "end": "01:43:03", "text": "right? And the answer is they can't be exactly right because they picked an arbitrary moment to step off the"}, {"start": "01:43:03", "end": "01:43:09", "text": "escalator. But are they right that there's something dangerous about this continuing pattern of technological change? Clearly they are. What do the"}, {"start": "01:43:09", "end": "01:43:18", "text": "Amish do for anyone that doesn't know? The Amish live as if it was what 1850 or"}, {"start": "01:43:18", "end": "01:43:23", "text": "something. So they live in a they don't use cars. They I think they do have"}, {"start": "01:43:23", "end": "01:43:30", "text": "phones but they do not have electricity. Basically they they voluntarily accept a"}, {"start": "01:43:30", "end": "01:43:37", "text": "techn they're basically a lite community and they uh have turned out to fare"}, {"start": "01:43:37", "end": "01:43:44", "text": "surprisingly well against many of the things that have upended modern one of them right yeah co they did beautifully"}, {"start": "01:43:44", "end": "01:43:50", "text": "quite happy people very low autism rates they they have all sorts of advantages so anyway I'm not arguing that we should"}, {"start": "01:43:50", "end": "01:43:56", "text": "live like the Amish I don't see that but I do think the idea that they had an insight which was you need to step off"}, {"start": "01:43:56", "end": "01:44:02", "text": "that escalator because you're just going to keep making yourselves sicker is probably right now. Maybe this is a"}, {"start": "01:44:02", "end": "01:44:09", "text": "one-time shift. We've stepped over the event horizon. We are going to be living in the AI world. And maybe if we're"}, {"start": "01:44:09", "end": "01:44:17", "text": "careful about it, we can figure out how to turn that landscape of infinite possibility that you're describing into"}, {"start": "01:44:17", "end": "01:44:23", "text": "a place that doesn't change. That you always have the opportunity to decide"}, {"start": "01:44:23", "end": "01:44:31", "text": "what needs to be done. But that none that the that living over that event horizon is not an everchanging process."}, {"start": "01:44:31", "end": "01:44:36", "text": "It's just the next frontier. I do want to also propose or ask the question when"}, {"start": "01:44:36", "end": "01:44:43", "text": "we talk about our hyperchanging world. Isn't it harder for older people to learn because of the the way that the"}, {"start": "01:44:43", "end": "01:44:48", "text": "brain works in terms of processing speed and memory flexibility? So I was wondering if you're going to"}, {"start": "01:44:48", "end": "01:44:54", "text": "get a situation where like my father h because of his brain and the reduced memory flexibility and processing speed"}, {"start": "01:44:54", "end": "01:45:00", "text": "that happens when you're older is going to struggle significantly more than my niece who can seem to learn I mean my"}, {"start": "01:45:00", "end": "01:45:05", "text": "niece knows five languages and she's seven or something crazy like that five languages but I mean the brain is much"}, {"start": "01:45:05", "end": "01:45:11", "text": "more plastic isn't it? So the it's and that's goes back to our evolutionary psychology which you know much evolutionary history which you know much"}, {"start": "01:45:11", "end": "01:45:18", "text": "more than I do about of we're meant to learn our lessons when we're young. use that information for a lifetime. But if"}, {"start": "01:45:18", "end": "01:45:24", "text": "that information is changing quickly, well, that's I mean this is exactly what I'm pointing to. It is not normal for"}, {"start": "01:45:24", "end": "01:45:31", "text": "your developmental environment to fail to prepare you for your adult environment. The normal thing is as a"}, {"start": "01:45:31", "end": "01:45:37", "text": "young person, you take on ever more of the responsibilities of the adult"}, {"start": "01:45:37", "end": "01:45:44", "text": "environment. And then at some point, you know, in a properly functioning culture, there's a right of passage. You go into"}, {"start": "01:45:44", "end": "01:45:49", "text": "the bush for 10 days, you come back with, you know, a large uh, you know,"}, {"start": "01:45:49", "end": "01:45:55", "text": "game animal and now you're an adult and you take that program that you've been building and you activate it. And that"}, {"start": "01:45:55", "end": "01:46:00", "text": "is normal. And, you know, you're a lot happier person. You're a lot more"}, {"start": "01:46:00", "end": "01:46:07", "text": "fulfilled if your life has that kind of continuity to it. And you know, I'm not against the idea that we have enabled"}, {"start": "01:46:07", "end": "01:46:13", "text": "ourselves to do things that can't be done if that's the the limit, but we"}, {"start": "01:46:13", "end": "01:46:21", "text": "have also harmed ourselves gravely. And I would like to somehow pry apart our"}, {"start": "01:46:21", "end": "01:46:29", "text": "ability to improve our well-being from our self-inflicted wounds that come from"}, {"start": "01:46:29", "end": "01:46:34", "text": "this neverending pace of change. And I don't know if it's possible, but I think it's"}, {"start": "01:46:34", "end": "01:46:41", "text": "a worthy goal. Something amusing. I don't know if it's exactly a counterpoint, but um during co"}, {"start": "01:46:41", "end": "01:46:47", "text": "especially and you know through the the recent technological change uh some"}, {"start": "01:46:47", "end": "01:46:54", "text": "people have started living closer to the more ancestral environment. Um so uh"}, {"start": "01:46:54", "end": "01:47:00", "text": "people whose jobs are online, some of my friends like went and built communities"}, {"start": "01:47:00", "end": "01:47:07", "text": "like collectives where they you know live and they they create farms and they they eat and then they eat and they have"}, {"start": "01:47:07", "end": "01:47:14", "text": "like an email job. They do their email jobs for five hours and and go out and they all have children and it's it's a"}, {"start": "01:47:14", "end": "01:47:19", "text": "fascinating life. And there was so much rethinking in in Silicon Valley about how we live. And there's a bunch of"}, {"start": "01:47:19", "end": "01:47:25", "text": "startups that are trying to create um cities where they're like, okay, we know"}, {"start": "01:47:25", "end": "01:47:31", "text": "that we've we're suffering because our cities are not really walkable. And"}, {"start": "01:47:31", "end": "01:47:36", "text": "there's so many reasons why we're suffering. First, we're not getting the movement. Second, there's a social"}, {"start": "01:47:36", "end": "01:47:42", "text": "aspect of walkable city where you're able to interact with people. You'll make uh friends by just happening to be"}, {"start": "01:47:42", "end": "01:47:50", "text": "in the same place as others. let's actually build uh walkable cities and if we want to you know uh transport faster"}, {"start": "01:47:50", "end": "01:47:56", "text": "we'll have these self-driving cars on the perimeter of the city that are going around and I think there are ways in"}, {"start": "01:47:56", "end": "01:48:02", "text": "which technology can afford us to uh to live uh in a way that"}, {"start": "01:48:02", "end": "01:48:08", "text": "reverses I I guess in a more local way. I I like that vision, but I also am"}, {"start": "01:48:08", "end": "01:48:15", "text": "aware that there's a different vision, right? You see people in Palo Alto, for example, actually exerting, you know,"}, {"start": "01:48:15", "end": "01:48:22", "text": "very strong controls on how much their children are exposed to, uh, you know, to phones. And I live in Palo Alto."}, {"start": "01:48:22", "end": "01:48:28", "text": "Yeah. So, so you see that. On the other hand, what I am worried about is that"}, {"start": "01:48:28", "end": "01:48:34", "text": "the the elites of PaloAlto don't realize that what they're doing is they're"}, {"start": "01:48:34", "end": "01:48:40", "text": "figuring out how to reduce the harm to their own families as they're exporting the harm to the world of these"}, {"start": "01:48:40", "end": "01:48:47", "text": "technologies that for everybody else are unregulated. And so the question is, can we bring everybody along? If the AI"}, {"start": "01:48:47", "end": "01:48:54", "text": "revolution is going to alter our relationship to work and everything else, can we bring everybody along so"}, {"start": "01:48:54", "end": "01:49:01", "text": "that at the end of this process instead of saying well you know it's a shame that uh you know three billion people"}, {"start": "01:49:01", "end": "01:49:07", "text": "were sacrificed to this transition but progress is progress we can really say well we figured it out and everybody now"}, {"start": "01:49:07", "end": "01:49:15", "text": "is living in a style that is closer to their programming and closer to the expectations of their physical bodies."}, {"start": "01:49:15", "end": "01:49:21", "text": "You know, if that were true, then I would I would be I would love to be wrong in my fears about what's coming."}, {"start": "01:49:21", "end": "01:49:30", "text": "Um, but unfortunately, the market is not going to solve this problem without our being deliberate about forcing it to."}, {"start": "01:49:30", "end": "01:49:35", "text": "What's your biggest fear? Like when you say my fears about what's coming, what do you like what's what's the picture"}, {"start": "01:49:35", "end": "01:49:43", "text": "that comes in your mind? Oh, it's a whole different topic actually. Um my my fear coming stemming from technology"}, {"start": "01:49:43", "end": "01:49:50", "text": "uh and AI is that this is a runaway process and that that runaway process is"}, {"start": "01:49:50", "end": "01:49:56", "text": "going to interface very badly with some latent human programs. that in effect"}, {"start": "01:49:56", "end": "01:50:03", "text": "the need for workers largely disappears and the people who are at the head of the"}, {"start": "01:50:03", "end": "01:50:08", "text": "processes that result in that elimination for the need for workers start talking about useless eaters."}, {"start": "01:50:08", "end": "01:50:14", "text": "Maybe they come up with a new term this time. Thin the herd. Yep. Or they allow it to be thinned or something. Right."}, {"start": "01:50:14", "end": "01:50:21", "text": "I've heard you talk about the five key concerns you have or the five key threats you have before. Could you name"}, {"start": "01:50:21", "end": "01:50:27", "text": "those five? So the first one is the one I worry least about. I don't worry zero about it, but I worry least about it,"}, {"start": "01:50:27", "end": "01:50:33", "text": "which is the malevolent AI uh that the doomers are so focused on. The second"}, {"start": "01:50:33", "end": "01:50:38", "text": "one is the idea that you know an AI can be misaligned not because it has"}, {"start": "01:50:38", "end": "01:50:45", "text": "divergent interest but because it just misunderstands what you've asked it. these autonomous agents. You know, the famous example is you ask them to"}, {"start": "01:50:45", "end": "01:50:50", "text": "produce as many paper clips as possible and they start liquidating the universe to make paper clips and you know, it's a"}, {"start": "01:50:50", "end": "01:50:56", "text": "it's a sorcerer apprentice kind of issue. The third one I would say"}, {"start": "01:50:56", "end": "01:51:02", "text": "is actually all of the remainder of them I would say are guaranteed and"}, {"start": "01:51:02", "end": "01:51:11", "text": "um the third of them is the derangement of human intellect that we are already"}, {"start": "01:51:11", "end": "01:51:18", "text": "living in a world where it's very difficult to know what the facts even mean. Right? We the facts are so"}, {"start": "01:51:18", "end": "01:51:24", "text": "filtered and we are so persuaded by algorithms that it's you know our"}, {"start": "01:51:24", "end": "01:51:29", "text": "ability to be confident even in the basic facts even within our own discipline sometimes is uh at an"}, {"start": "01:51:29", "end": "01:51:35", "text": "all-time low and it's getting worse and that problem takes a giant leap forward"}, {"start": "01:51:35", "end": "01:51:42", "text": "at the point that you have the ability to generate undetectable deep"}, {"start": "01:51:42", "end": "01:51:49", "text": "fakes. Right? that's going to alter the world very radically when the fact that you're looking at videotape of somebody"}, {"start": "01:51:49", "end": "01:51:56", "text": "robbing a bank doesn't mean that they robbed a bank or that a bank was even robbed. Um, so anyway, I call this we"}, {"start": "01:51:56", "end": "01:52:02", "text": "deal with this a lot by the way. I I think every single week, every single week I send my I have a chat people that"}, {"start": "01:52:02", "end": "01:52:09", "text": "just are now basically spending I'd say 30% of their time dealing with deep fakes of me doing crypto scams, inviting"}, {"start": "01:52:09", "end": "01:52:15", "text": "people to Telegram groups, and then asking them for credit card details. We had one on X. I think you probably saw"}, {"start": "01:52:15", "end": "01:52:21", "text": "it, Dan, didn't you of me? But that someone was running ad deep fake ads on X of me. And it wasn't just one ad. It"}, {"start": "01:52:21", "end": "01:52:26", "text": "was like there were it was like swatting flies. There was 10 of them. And I messaged them to X and there was 10"}, {"start": "01:52:26", "end": "01:52:33", "text": "more. Then the day after there was 10 more. Then the day after there was 10 more. Then it started happening on on Meta. So it's a video of me basically"}, {"start": "01:52:33", "end": "01:52:39", "text": "asking you to come to a Telegram group where people are being scammed and audience members of mine are being scammed. And when I send them to Meta,"}, {"start": "01:52:39", "end": "01:52:44", "text": "they thankfully remove them. But then there's five more. And I went on LinkedIn yesterday and my DMs are,"}, {"start": "01:52:44", "end": "01:52:50", "text": "\"Steve, by the way, there's this new scam.\" And I actually at this point I c I'd need someone fulltime just sending"}, {"start": "01:52:50", "end": "01:52:55", "text": "this over to Meta. I'm the I'm the same but on a smaller scale. Every week it's"}, {"start": "01:52:55", "end": "01:53:01", "text": "did you really message me on Facebook asking me for my crypto wallet and blah blah blah. My my least favorite ones are"}, {"start": "01:53:01", "end": "01:53:07", "text": "when the the single mother messages me saying that she just paid \u00a3500 of her money and how devastated she is and I"}, {"start": "01:53:07", "end": "01:53:13", "text": "feel this moral obligation to give her her money back um because she's fallen for some kind of scam. That was me. It"}, {"start": "01:53:13", "end": "01:53:19", "text": "was my voice. It was a video of me telling her something. Yeah. And I don't know I don't know how you deal with that but sorry do continue. Well, I mean"}, {"start": "01:53:19", "end": "01:53:24", "text": "that's actually on the list here. the massive disruption to the way things function both because people are going"}, {"start": "01:53:24", "end": "01:53:30", "text": "to be unemployed in huge numbers and because those who are not abiding by our"}, {"start": "01:53:30", "end": "01:53:38", "text": "social contract are going to find themselves empowered more than the people who do. So in this case, not only"}, {"start": "01:53:38", "end": "01:53:44", "text": "is this poor woman, you know, now out 500 bucks for whatever the scam was, but"}, {"start": "01:53:44", "end": "01:53:51", "text": "you've also been robbed whether or not you pay her back for the thing that she thought she purchased. your credibility"}, {"start": "01:53:51", "end": "01:53:58", "text": "is being stolen by somebody and you have no capacity to prevent it. This has happened to me also and it is profoundly"}, {"start": "01:53:58", "end": "01:54:06", "text": "disturbing and it is only one of a dozen different ways that AI enables those who"}, {"start": "01:54:06", "end": "01:54:14", "text": "are absolutely willing to shrink the pie from which we all derive in order to"}, {"start": "01:54:14", "end": "01:54:21", "text": "enlarge their slice. you know, there there are innumerable ways that this can happen and um I think people do not see"}, {"start": "01:54:21", "end": "01:54:27", "text": "it coming. They don't understand how many different ways they are going to be robbed every bit as surely as if"}, {"start": "01:54:27", "end": "01:54:33", "text": "somebody was printing money. Um and then the last one is that this just simply"}, {"start": "01:54:33", "end": "01:54:39", "text": "accelerates demographic uh processes that do potentially result"}, {"start": "01:54:39", "end": "01:54:45", "text": "in the unleashing of technologies that pre-existed AI. you know, this this can"}, {"start": "01:54:45", "end": "01:54:52", "text": "easily result in an escalation uh into wars that turn nuclear. Um, so"}, {"start": "01:54:52", "end": "01:54:59", "text": "anyway, I think that list could probably be augmented at this point now that we've, you know, spent a little time in"}, {"start": "01:54:59", "end": "01:55:06", "text": "the AI era. We can begin to put a little more flesh on the bones both of what is possible in this era and what we should"}, {"start": "01:55:06", "end": "01:55:14", "text": "fear. One of those you you mentioned uh truth, you know, the problem of truth. Would you say just a thought experiment,"}, {"start": "01:55:14", "end": "01:55:21", "text": "someone today like an average person, college educated say person, are they more"}, {"start": "01:55:21", "end": "01:55:30", "text": "propagandized or led astray than someone in Soviet Russia?"}, {"start": "01:55:30", "end": "01:55:39", "text": "Well, I don't know because I didn't live in Soviet Russia, but my understanding from people who did was that there was a"}, {"start": "01:55:39", "end": "01:55:46", "text": "wide awareness that the propaganda wasn't true. Doesn't mean they knew what to believe, but there was a cynicism,"}, {"start": "01:55:46", "end": "01:55:54", "text": "which is one of my fears here, is that the, you know, you're really stuck choosing between two bad options in a"}, {"start": "01:55:54", "end": "01:55:59", "text": "world where you can't tell what is true. You can either be overly credulous and be a sucker all the time, or you can"}, {"start": "01:55:59", "end": "01:56:05", "text": "become a cynic and you can be paralyzed by the fact that you just don't believe anything. But neither of those is a"}, {"start": "01:56:05", "end": "01:56:11", "text": "recipe for do you think Google search first and maybe now chat GPT has helped people more or"}, {"start": "01:56:11", "end": "01:56:18", "text": "less to find truth? I think it's not chat GPT exactly but all"}, {"start": "01:56:18", "end": "01:56:24", "text": "of the various AI engines that we're starting with Google have briefly enhanced our capacity to know what's"}, {"start": "01:56:24", "end": "01:56:33", "text": "true because in fact they allow us to see through the algorithmic manipulation because the AI is not well policed. you"}, {"start": "01:56:33", "end": "01:56:38", "text": "can get it to recognize patterns that people will swear are not true. Um, and"}, {"start": "01:56:38", "end": "01:56:44", "text": "so anyway, a lot of us have found it useful in just simply unhooking the gaslighting. Um, so that's been very"}, {"start": "01:56:44", "end": "01:56:50", "text": "positive. But I also remember the early days of search and search used to be a"}, {"start": "01:56:50", "end": "01:56:56", "text": "matter of there are some pages out there. I don't know where they are. Here's a mechanized something that's"}, {"start": "01:56:56", "end": "01:57:02", "text": "looked through this stuff and just point me at the direction of things that contain these words. right before the"}, {"start": "01:57:02", "end": "01:57:08", "text": "algorithmic manipulation started steering us into believing pure nonsense because somebody who controlled these"}, {"start": "01:57:08", "end": "01:57:13", "text": "things decided it was useful for us to believe those things. So my guess is at"}, {"start": "01:57:13", "end": "01:57:21", "text": "the moment AI is enhancing our ability to see more clearly but that really depends on some kind of agreement to"}, {"start": "01:57:21", "end": "01:57:27", "text": "protect that capacity that I'm not aware of us having are you implying there that"}, {"start": "01:57:27", "end": "01:57:33", "text": "AI will protect us from AI i.e. the woman that got scammed in my audience,"}, {"start": "01:57:33", "end": "01:57:40", "text": "the platforms would have a tool built in which would be able to identify shortly that that is not me and the ad is been"}, {"start": "01:57:40", "end": "01:57:48", "text": "launched by someone in another country potentially and then also when she starts being asked for her credit card details in such a way on Telegram 10"}, {"start": "01:57:48", "end": "01:57:53", "text": "minutes later the system will able to understand there that this is probably a scam at that touch touch point too and"}, {"start": "01:57:53", "end": "01:57:59", "text": "it will also be the defense not just the offense. First thing uh question is Meta"}, {"start": "01:57:59", "end": "01:58:06", "text": "incentivized to solve this problem? Yes. Yes. And so Meta is probably actively"}, {"start": "01:58:06", "end": "01:58:13", "text": "working on AIs and again it's going to be a cat and mouse game like every abuse that happens out there. So I I think"}, {"start": "01:58:13", "end": "01:58:21", "text": "that the market will naturally respond to things like that in the same way that you know we installed antiviruses as you"}, {"start": "01:58:21", "end": "01:58:27", "text": "know annoying as they are. I think we'll install uh AIS on our computers that"}, {"start": "01:58:27", "end": "01:58:33", "text": "will allow us to at least help us kind of sort the the fake from from the truth. Well, but let's let's take the"}, {"start": "01:58:33", "end": "01:58:40", "text": "example you say. Is Meta incentivized to solve this problem? Superficially, it seems that it should be, but how many"}, {"start": "01:58:40", "end": "01:58:47", "text": "times in recent history have we watched a corporation cannibalize its own business over what at best is the"}, {"start": "01:58:47", "end": "01:58:53", "text": "bizarre desires of its shareholders, right? Why was X throwing off people"}, {"start": "01:58:53", "end": "01:59:00", "text": "with large accounts or Facebook or Google? It would seem that you would"}, {"start": "01:59:00", "end": "01:59:05", "text": "expect based on the market choosing search engines or social media sites,"}, {"start": "01:59:05", "end": "01:59:10", "text": "you would expect these companies to be absolutely mercenary and say, you know,"}, {"start": "01:59:10", "end": "01:59:18", "text": "if Alex Jones has a big audience, who are we to say? That's what I would have expected. Instead, you had these"}, {"start": "01:59:18", "end": "01:59:25", "text": "companies policing the morality of thought even though it reduced the size"}, {"start": "01:59:25", "end": "01:59:30", "text": "of the population using the platforms. I have a hard time explaining why that happened, but I have every reason to"}, {"start": "01:59:30", "end": "01:59:37", "text": "expect the same thing will happen with AI. What are you excited about with AI? What's your your optimistic take?"}, {"start": "01:59:37", "end": "01:59:43", "text": "Because at the start of this conversation, you said that there's infinite ways that it could improve our lives and there's 10 times more ways"}, {"start": "01:59:43", "end": "01:59:50", "text": "that it could hurt our lives. But let's investigate some of those ways that it could drastically improve our lives. There's a couple of different ways. One,"}, {"start": "01:59:50", "end": "01:59:57", "text": "we have, as we mentioned before, a der of competent teachers and professors."}, {"start": "01:59:57", "end": "02:00:02", "text": "And that is a problem that will take three generations at least to solve if"}, {"start": "02:00:02", "end": "02:00:07", "text": "what we're going to do is start tomorrow and start educating people in the right way that would make them competent to"}, {"start": "02:00:07", "end": "02:00:13", "text": "stand at the front of a room and educate. But if we can augment that process, if we can leverage a tool like"}, {"start": "02:00:13", "end": "02:00:20", "text": "AI so that you know a small number of competent teachers can maybe reach a larger number of pupils, that's"}, {"start": "02:00:20", "end": "02:00:26", "text": "plausible I think. Second thing is we have a tremendous number of problems"}, {"start": "02:00:26", "end": "02:00:33", "text": "that are obstacles to us living well on this planet that AI might be able to"}, {"start": "02:00:33", "end": "02:00:39", "text": "manage that human intellect alone cannot. Right? Just in the same way that"}, {"start": "02:00:39", "end": "02:00:44", "text": "you know compute power can calculate things at a rate that human beings can't keep up and there are certain things you"}, {"start": "02:00:44", "end": "02:00:49", "text": "want calculated very well. There are also some reasoning problems. You could"}, {"start": "02:00:49", "end": "02:00:54", "text": "imagine that instead of having um static"}, {"start": "02:00:54", "end": "02:01:01", "text": "laws that govern behavior poorly because they get gamed that you could have a"}, {"start": "02:01:01", "end": "02:01:08", "text": "dynamic interaction. You could specify a an objective of something like a law and"}, {"start": "02:01:08", "end": "02:01:14", "text": "then you could monitor whether or not a particular intervention successfully moved you in the direction that you were"}, {"start": "02:01:14", "end": "02:01:19", "text": "hoping to go or did something paradoxical which happens all the time and you could have you could basically"}, {"start": "02:01:19", "end": "02:01:27", "text": "have governance that is targeted to navigation and prototyping rather than to specifying a blueprint for how we are"}, {"start": "02:01:27", "end": "02:01:32", "text": "to live. So we wouldn't need politicians. Um, at the moment we're"}, {"start": "02:01:32", "end": "02:01:38", "text": "stuck with, you know, constitutional protections that are as good as has been"}, {"start": "02:01:38", "end": "02:01:43", "text": "constructed and still inadequate to modern realities."}, {"start": "02:01:43", "end": "02:01:49", "text": "Dan, what are you excited about with AI from an individual level, but also from a societal level? Yeah. Well, the big"}, {"start": "02:01:49", "end": "02:01:56", "text": "ones are healthcare and education. I mean, it's ridiculous that you uh are sitting there in pain, having had an"}, {"start": "02:01:56", "end": "02:02:03", "text": "MRI, and there just hasn't been someone to look at that MRI yet. and and tell you what to do. Um and that could easily"}, {"start": "02:02:03", "end": "02:02:09", "text": "be solved there's all sorts of healthcare issues where um and also not only that throughout the entire world"}, {"start": "02:02:09", "end": "02:02:15", "text": "there are places that just don't have general practitioners and they don't have you know medical advisers and and"}, {"start": "02:02:15", "end": "02:02:20", "text": "you know the breakthroughs in global healthcare will be phenomenal and the breakthroughs in global education could"}, {"start": "02:02:20", "end": "02:02:26", "text": "be transformational um on the planet. I I'm excited at an individual level that"}, {"start": "02:02:26", "end": "02:02:32", "text": "I think the industrial age created a bunch of jobs that are very dehumanizing and we've just kind of gotten used to"}, {"start": "02:02:32", "end": "02:02:38", "text": "them and put up with them. The idea that work should be repetitive and you know you just repeat the same loop over and"}, {"start": "02:02:38", "end": "02:02:44", "text": "over and over over again and over a 10-year period of time you might get you know graduated up one gear and all that"}, {"start": "02:02:44", "end": "02:02:51", "text": "kind of stuff. I don't think that's very human. Um the idea that you could be simultaneously writing a book, launching"}, {"start": "02:02:51", "end": "02:02:57", "text": "a business, running a team, launching a festival, having an event. Um that that"}, {"start": "02:02:57", "end": "02:03:04", "text": "that you could actually be doing this kind of like mini kingdom work where you've got this little, you know, uh"}, {"start": "02:03:04", "end": "02:03:10", "text": "ecosystem around you of fun things that you're involved in that is actually made possible for a vast majority of people"}, {"start": "02:03:10", "end": "02:03:15", "text": "if they embrace these kind of tools. um you can live an incredibly fulfilling"}, {"start": "02:03:15", "end": "02:03:21", "text": "and amazing and impactful existence or I know that I do as a result of having"}, {"start": "02:03:21", "end": "02:03:26", "text": "these tools in my life. Like I'm I'm doing things that I could have only dreamed about uh as a kid. And what"}, {"start": "02:03:26", "end": "02:03:33", "text": "would you say to entrepreneurs? I know you you work with thousands of entrepreneurs. What are you telling them in terms of their current businesses or"}, {"start": "02:03:33", "end": "02:03:39", "text": "business opportunities that you're foreseeing? So I think that small teams have infinite leverage now and that when"}, {"start": "02:03:39", "end": "02:03:45", "text": "you have a team of say five to 10 people who share an incredible passion for a"}, {"start": "02:03:45", "end": "02:03:52", "text": "meaningful problem in the world and they want to see that meaningful problem solved and they come together in the spirit of entrepreneurship to solve that"}, {"start": "02:03:52", "end": "02:03:57", "text": "problem. That little 5 to 10 person team armed with the technology that we now"}, {"start": "02:03:57", "end": "02:04:03", "text": "have available, you can have a a big impact. You can make a lot of money. You"}, {"start": "02:04:03", "end": "02:04:08", "text": "can have a lot of fun. you can solve meaningful problems in the world. You can scale solutions. You can probably do"}, {"start": "02:04:08", "end": "02:04:15", "text": "more in a three-year window than most people did in a 30-year career. Uh and then that little band of 5 to 10 people"}, {"start": "02:04:15", "end": "02:04:20", "text": "could either go together onto a new meaningful problem or they could disband"}, {"start": "02:04:20", "end": "02:04:26", "text": "and you know work on other meaningful problems with different teams. In such a world where you have this sort of"}, {"start": "02:04:26", "end": "02:04:33", "text": "infinite leverage but everyone else has access to the same infinite leverage. What becomes the USP? Going back to this"}, {"start": "02:04:33", "end": "02:04:39", "text": "idea of the moat, like what is the thing of value when we've all got access to $20 infinite leverage? Well, first of"}, {"start": "02:04:39", "end": "02:04:47", "text": "all, the first thing you need to do you need to understand is that this moment of time is the least competitive uh"}, {"start": "02:04:47", "end": "02:04:53", "text": "moment. Like if you understand how to use these tools, you can start making money tomorrow. like we, you know, I see"}, {"start": "02:04:53", "end": "02:05:00", "text": "countless examples of people making thousands of dollars with these hustles that I that I talked about or building"}, {"start": "02:05:00", "end": "02:05:05", "text": "businesses that generates millions of dollars in the first couple of months of existence. So, I would say start moving"}, {"start": "02:05:05", "end": "02:05:11", "text": "now. Start building things. So, it's an unprecedented time of of of wealth"}, {"start": "02:05:11", "end": "02:05:17", "text": "creation. Clearly at some point as the market gets more efficient as people"}, {"start": "02:05:17", "end": "02:05:25", "text": "more and more people understand how to use these tools um there's less potential for uh you know creating these"}, {"start": "02:05:25", "end": "02:05:31", "text": "massive businesses quickly and we've seen this like the dawn of the internet or dawn of the web you know it was a lot"}, {"start": "02:05:31", "end": "02:05:37", "text": "easier to create Facebook than it is now then we had mobile and for three four"}, {"start": "02:05:37", "end": "02:05:44", "text": "five years it was very easy to create massive businesses and then it became harder. Being just at the edge of what's"}, {"start": "02:05:44", "end": "02:05:49", "text": "possible is going to be very very important over the next couple years. And that's that gets me really excited"}, {"start": "02:05:49", "end": "02:05:55", "text": "because the entrepreneurs who are paying attention are going to are going to be having the most amount of fun, but"}, {"start": "02:05:55", "end": "02:06:02", "text": "they're also going to be able to make a lot of money. How many applications have been built on Replet to date? So, you"}, {"start": "02:06:02", "end": "02:06:07", "text": "know, I can talk about the millions of things that have been built since the since we started the company, but just"}, {"start": "02:06:07", "end": "02:06:12", "text": "since uh September when we launched Replent, there's been about 3 million"}, {"start": "02:06:12", "end": "02:06:20", "text": "applications built purely in natural language with no uh with no coding at"}, {"start": "02:06:20", "end": "02:06:25", "text": "all, purely natural language. uh of those I think uh 300 400,000 of them"}, {"start": "02:06:25", "end": "02:06:33", "text": "were deployed in a real um in the site was deployed and it is having people are"}, {"start": "02:06:33", "end": "02:06:39", "text": "using it some kind of business some kind of internal tool. I built one last night by the way an internal tool or I uh"}, {"start": "02:06:39", "end": "02:06:46", "text": "built an application to track um how my kids earn pocket money. Amazing. So, I"}, {"start": "02:06:46", "end": "02:06:51", "text": "just told it that I wanted to track the tasks that are happening around the house and put an assign a value to them"}, {"start": "02:06:51", "end": "02:06:57", "text": "and I want to be able to at the end of the week push a button and get a summary of how much to pay each child um for"}, {"start": "02:06:57", "end": "02:07:04", "text": "their pocket money. we are so screwed. And within 15 minutes, it had created"}, {"start": "02:07:04", "end": "02:07:10", "text": "this application and it was amazing. Like you could toggle between like here's the place where you have the kids"}, {"start": "02:07:10", "end": "02:07:15", "text": "and here's the weekly reports and here's the um how much per task and you can"}, {"start": "02:07:15", "end": "02:07:23", "text": "tick off the tasks or remove tasks or add tasks. So then I now have this application for which took 15 minutes of"}, {"start": "02:07:23", "end": "02:07:29", "text": "just talking about what I wanted and now I have an application to run the pocket money uh situation in the in the house."}, {"start": "02:07:29", "end": "02:07:35", "text": "And this by the way it's something having run an IT agency years ago. That's something that we would have"}, {"start": "02:07:35", "end": "02:07:42", "text": "charged five to10,000 pounds to create or5 to 10,000 US dollars to to create"}, {"start": "02:07:42", "end": "02:07:49", "text": "and how much time probably talking something that would have been a three four week project and we're at the start"}, {"start": "02:07:49", "end": "02:07:55", "text": "of the S-curve now that you're describing and it's already if you if it's a $20 replet's roughly $20 a month"}, {"start": "02:07:55", "end": "02:08:01", "text": "25 for the for the base case you did one day of usage let's say it's a dollar it"}, {"start": "02:08:01", "end": "02:08:06", "text": "cost you and it cost you minutes and a dollar now and we're at the start of the scurve and and you talk to it like"}, {"start": "02:08:06", "end": "02:08:12", "text": "you're chatting to a developer. So one of the things that slows down the development process is you have to send"}, {"start": "02:08:12", "end": "02:08:18", "text": "the information to a developer and they need to understand it and then they need to create something and then come back to you. This just happens in front of"}, {"start": "02:08:18", "end": "02:08:25", "text": "your eyes uh while you're watching it and it's actually showing you what's being built and it's it's really wild."}, {"start": "02:08:25", "end": "02:08:31", "text": "This one change has transformed how my team and I move, train and think about our bodies. When Dr. Daniel Lieberman"}, {"start": "02:08:31", "end": "02:08:38", "text": "came on the DEO. He explained how modern shoes with their cushioning and support are making our feet weaker and less"}, {"start": "02:08:38", "end": "02:08:44", "text": "capable of doing what nature intended them to do. We've lost the natural strength and mobility in our feet and"}, {"start": "02:08:44", "end": "02:08:49", "text": "this is leading to issues like back pain and knee pain. I'd already purchased a"}, {"start": "02:08:49", "end": "02:08:55", "text": "pair of Viva barefoot shoes. So, I showed them to Daniel Lieberman and he told me that they were exactly the type of shoe that would help me restore"}, {"start": "02:08:55", "end": "02:09:01", "text": "natural foot movement and rebuild my strength. But I think it was plantficitis that I had where suddenly my feet started hurting all the time."}, {"start": "02:09:01", "end": "02:09:07", "text": "And after that I decided to start strengthening my own foot by using the Vivo barefoot. And research from Liverpool University has backed this up."}, {"start": "02:09:07", "end": "02:09:13", "text": "They've shown that wearing Vivo barefoot shoes for 6 months can increase foot strength by up to"}, {"start": "02:09:13", "end": "02:09:19", "text": "60%. Visit vivo barefoot.com/doac and use code diary 20"}, {"start": "02:09:19", "end": "02:09:25", "text": "from my sponsor for 20% off. A strong body starts with strong feet. This has"}, {"start": "02:09:25", "end": "02:09:31", "text": "never been done before. A newsletter that is ran by 100 of the world's top"}, {"start": "02:09:31", "end": "02:09:37", "text": "CEOs. All the time people say to me, they say, \"Can you mentor me? Can you get this person to mentor me? How do I"}, {"start": "02:09:37", "end": "02:09:42", "text": "find a mentor?\" So, here is what we're going to do. You're going to send me a question. And the most popular question"}, {"start": "02:09:42", "end": "02:09:49", "text": "you send me, I'm going to text it to 100 CEOs, some of which are the top CEOs in"}, {"start": "02:09:49", "end": "02:09:54", "text": "the world running a hundred billion dollar companies. And then I'm going to reply to you via email with how they"}, {"start": "02:09:54", "end": "02:10:00", "text": "answered that question. You might say, \"How do you hold on to a relationship when you're building a startup? What is"}, {"start": "02:10:00", "end": "02:10:07", "text": "the most important thing if I've got an idea and don't know where to start?\" We email it to the CEOs. They email back. We take the five, six top best answers."}, {"start": "02:10:07", "end": "02:10:12", "text": "We email it to you. I was nervous because I thought the marketing might not match the reality. But then I I saw"}, {"start": "02:10:12", "end": "02:10:20", "text": "what the founders were replying with and their willingness to reply and I thought actually this is really good and all you've got to do is sign up completely"}, {"start": "02:10:20", "end": "02:10:25", "text": "free. I don't think we've spent a lot of time talking about autonomous weapons."}, {"start": "02:10:25", "end": "02:10:34", "text": "This is the thing that really worries me. And the thing that worries people about AI is this idea is that it is uh"}, {"start": "02:10:34", "end": "02:10:41", "text": "this you know emergent system and there's no one thing behind it and it can be it can act in a way that's uh"}, {"start": "02:10:41", "end": "02:10:47", "text": "unpredictable and not really guided by humans. also think it's true of corporations of governments and so I"}, {"start": "02:10:47", "end": "02:10:56", "text": "think individual people uh can often have the best intentions but the collective can land on doing things in a"}, {"start": "02:10:56", "end": "02:11:03", "text": "way that's harmful or morally irrepant and I think um we talked about China"}, {"start": "02:11:03", "end": "02:11:09", "text": "versus the US and that creates a certain race dynamics where um they're both"}, {"start": "02:11:09", "end": "02:11:17", "text": "incentivized to cut corners and potentially do do harmful things and in the world of geopolitics"}, {"start": "02:11:17", "end": "02:11:23", "text": "um and wars, you know, what really scares me is is autonomous weapons. And"}, {"start": "02:11:23", "end": "02:11:27", "text": "why does it scare you? Because"}, {"start": "02:11:28", "end": "02:11:36", "text": "uh you know you can imagine uh autonomous drones being trained on"}, {"start": "02:11:36", "end": "02:11:43", "text": "someone's face and you can send a a swarm of of drones and they can be this"}, {"start": "02:11:43", "end": "02:11:51", "text": "um sort of autonomous killing assassination machine and it can sort of uh function as a you know country verse"}, {"start": "02:11:51", "end": "02:11:58", "text": "country technology in in the world of for which is still crazy but it can also"}, {"start": "02:11:58", "end": "02:12:04", "text": "become a tool for governments to subjugate the citizens and and people"}, {"start": "02:12:04", "end": "02:12:11", "text": "think we're we're safe in the west but I think the experience with co showed that"}, {"start": "02:12:11", "end": "02:12:18", "text": "even the systems in the west can very quickly become draconian. Yeah."}, {"start": "02:12:18", "end": "02:12:25", "text": "Apparently, I've heard in um Iran that uh they have facial recognition cameras"}, {"start": "02:12:25", "end": "02:12:34", "text": "that detect where the women are wearing hijabs in their own cars and it automatically detains the car. If you're"}, {"start": "02:12:34", "end": "02:12:40", "text": "driving and you're not wearing a hijab and if you're certainly if you're walking down the street, it just picks"}, {"start": "02:12:40", "end": "02:12:49", "text": "that up and immediately you're you're in trouble. uh you can like it acts as a police officer and a judge and you know"}, {"start": "02:12:49", "end": "02:12:56", "text": "a law m lawmaker it's the judge jury and executioner essentially and it's just happens instantaneously what happened in"}, {"start": "02:12:56", "end": "02:13:02", "text": "Canada with the truckers uh uh sort of protest where they froze their bank"}, {"start": "02:13:02", "end": "02:13:08", "text": "account by virtue of just being there just by being in that location and just to confirm that Iran has implemented a"}, {"start": "02:13:08", "end": "02:13:13", "text": "comprehensive surveillance system to enforce its mandatory hijab laws utilizing various ious technologies, one"}, {"start": "02:13:13", "end": "02:13:19", "text": "of which is cameras and facial recognition. So they've put cameras in public spaces to identify women who are"}, {"start": "02:13:19", "end": "02:13:25", "text": "not adearing to the hijab dress code. Yeah. And just on that, London has just"}, {"start": "02:13:25", "end": "02:13:31", "text": "put those face cam facial recognition systems into London and also all throughout Wales. um and they're being"}, {"start": "02:13:31", "end": "02:13:37", "text": "rolled out at speed and like all you would need is a change"}, {"start": "02:13:37", "end": "02:13:43", "text": "of government that wanted to implement something similar and all the base layer technologies already in there. It gets a"}, {"start": "02:13:43", "end": "02:13:49", "text": "little bit worse in Iran because they have this new app called the Nazar app where the government has introduced the Nazar mobile application which allows"}, {"start": "02:13:49", "end": "02:13:55", "text": "you as a citizen to report another citizen who is not wearing their hijab and it it logs their location, their"}, {"start": "02:13:55", "end": "02:14:01", "text": "time um when they weren't wearing it and the vehicle license plate with the crowdsource data. It can then go after"}, {"start": "02:14:01", "end": "02:14:07", "text": "that individual. I would also just point out that I think we're not being imaginative enough. I agree with you. I"}, {"start": "02:14:07", "end": "02:14:13", "text": "have the same concern about these autonomous weapons, but I also think this doesn't have to occur in the"}, {"start": "02:14:13", "end": "02:14:20", "text": "context of war or even governmental oppression that it is perfectly conceivable that effectively this allows"}, {"start": "02:14:20", "end": "02:14:27", "text": "this drops the price of a an undetectable or an unprosecutable crime."}, {"start": "02:14:27", "end": "02:14:33", "text": "And maybe economic moes return in the form of people taking out their competitors or anybody who attempts to"}, {"start": "02:14:33", "end": "02:14:39", "text": "compete with them using an autonomous drone that can't be traced back to them. You know, that follows facial"}, {"start": "02:14:39", "end": "02:14:45", "text": "recognition. And you know, you don't have to kill very many people for others to get the message that uh this is a a"}, {"start": "02:14:45", "end": "02:14:53", "text": "zone that uh you shouldn't mess around in. So, I could imagine, you know, effectively a new high-tech organized"}, {"start": "02:14:53", "end": "02:15:00", "text": "crime that uh protects rackets and makes tons of money and subjugates people who"}, {"start": "02:15:00", "end": "02:15:06", "text": "haven't done anything wrong. I had Mustafa Sullivan on the podcast in 2023 when this all of this stuff started"}, {"start": "02:15:06", "end": "02:15:12", "text": "kicking off and he is the CEO of Microsoft AI. You're familiar with Mustafa? Of course. Yeah. Um and he one"}, {"start": "02:15:12", "end": "02:15:19", "text": "of the things he said to me at the time was one of my fears is a tiny group of people who wish to cause harm are going to have access to tools that can"}, {"start": "02:15:19", "end": "02:15:25", "text": "instantly destabilize our world. That's the challenge. How to stop something that can cause harm or potentially kill."}, {"start": "02:15:25", "end": "02:15:31", "text": "That's where we need containment. And it sounds a little bit like what you're saying amad that we will now have these"}, {"start": "02:15:31", "end": "02:15:36", "text": "these tools. you were talking in the context of the military, but as Brett said there, even smaller groups of"}, {"start": "02:15:36", "end": "02:15:43", "text": "people that might have been, I don't know, cartels or gangs can do similar harm. And at the moment, in terms of"}, {"start": "02:15:43", "end": "02:15:48", "text": "autonomous weapons, both the US and China are investing heavily in AI powered weapons, autonomous drones, and"}, {"start": "02:15:48", "end": "02:15:54", "text": "cyber warfare because they're scared of the other one getting it first. And we we talked about how much of our lives"}, {"start": "02:15:54", "end": "02:15:59", "text": "run on the internet, but cyber weapons and cyber AI agents that could be"}, {"start": "02:15:59", "end": "02:16:05", "text": "deployed to take down China's X, Y, or Zed or vice versa are real concern."}, {"start": "02:16:05", "end": "02:16:12", "text": "Yeah. Yeah. I I think all of that is is um is a real concern. You know, unlike"}, {"start": "02:16:12", "end": "02:16:18", "text": "Mustafa, I I don't think containment is is possible. Part of the reason why this"}, {"start": "02:16:18", "end": "02:16:26", "text": "game theoretic system uh of competition between the US, China, corporations,"}, {"start": "02:16:26", "end": "02:16:31", "text": "individuals makes it so that this this technology is already, you know, is"}, {"start": "02:16:31", "end": "02:16:37", "text": "already out and really hard to put it back in the in the bag. I did ask him this question and I remember the answer"}, {"start": "02:16:37", "end": "02:16:43", "text": "because it was such a stark moment for me. I said to Mustafa, \"Do you think it's possible to contain it?\" And he replied, \"We must.\" So I asked him"}, {"start": "02:16:43", "end": "02:16:49", "text": "again. I said, \"Do you think it's possible to contain it?\" and he replied we must and I asked him again I said do you think it's possible we must so the"}, {"start": "02:16:49", "end": "02:16:55", "text": "problem with that uh uh chain of thinking is that it might lead to an oppressive system"}, {"start": "02:16:55", "end": "02:17:01", "text": "uh there is uh one of the say doomers or philosophers of of AI which I I respect"}, {"start": "02:17:01", "end": "02:17:08", "text": "his work his name is Nick Bostonramm and he he uh he's he was trying to think of"}, {"start": "02:17:08", "end": "02:17:13", "text": "ways in which we can contain AI and the"}, {"start": "02:17:13", "end": "02:17:20", "text": "thing that he came up with is perhaps more oppressive than something that the AI would come up with is like total"}, {"start": "02:17:20", "end": "02:17:27", "text": "surveillance state. You need total surveillance on compute on people's computers on people's ideas to not"}, {"start": "02:17:27", "end": "02:17:34", "text": "invent AI or AGI. It's like taking the guns or something or Right. Exactly. I mean there's always there's always this"}, {"start": "02:17:34", "end": "02:17:39", "text": "problem of containing any sort of technology is that you do need um"}, {"start": "02:17:39", "end": "02:17:45", "text": "oppression and draconian policies to do that. Are you scared of anything else or concerned about anything else as it"}, {"start": "02:17:45", "end": "02:17:54", "text": "relates to AI outside of autonomous weapons? You know, we talked at the about the birthight crisis and I think a more"}, {"start": "02:17:54", "end": "02:18:01", "text": "generalized problem there is creating virtualized environments"}, {"start": "02:18:01", "end": "02:18:09", "text": "uh via VR where everyone is living in their own created universe and uh it's"}, {"start": "02:18:09", "end": "02:18:15", "text": "so enticing and even create simulates work and simulates struggle uh such that"}, {"start": "02:18:15", "end": "02:18:21", "text": "you don't really need to leave this this world and so every one of us will be solopcystistic, you know, similar to the"}, {"start": "02:18:21", "end": "02:18:28", "text": "Matrix. Ready Player One. Ready Player One. We're all kind of uh plug even worse than Ready Player One. At least"}, {"start": "02:18:28", "end": "02:18:36", "text": "that's a massivelyworked environment. I'm talking about AI simulating everything uh for us and"}, {"start": "02:18:36", "end": "02:18:42", "text": "therefore you're literally in the matrix. You know, maybe that this is I was about I had that same thought. I've"}, {"start": "02:18:42", "end": "02:18:48", "text": "enjoyed this great simulation. Yes. and and and so I mean are you familiar with"}, {"start": "02:18:48", "end": "02:18:53", "text": "the Fermy's paradox? No, I'm not. So Fermy's paradox is um the question uh"}, {"start": "02:18:53", "end": "02:19:00", "text": "the you know professor his name is uh Fermy he asked the question uh if the"}, {"start": "02:19:00", "end": "02:19:07", "text": "universe is is that vast then where are the aliens? the fact that humans exist,"}, {"start": "02:19:07", "end": "02:19:14", "text": "you can deduce that other civilizations exist. And if they do exist, then why"}, {"start": "02:19:14", "end": "02:19:20", "text": "don't we see them? And then that spurred a bunch of Fermy solutions. So there's"}, {"start": "02:19:20", "end": "02:19:26", "text": "uh I don't know, you can find hundreds of solutions on the internet. One of them is the uh sort of house cat on a"}, {"start": "02:19:26", "end": "02:19:34", "text": "thought experiment where actually aliens exist, but they kind of put us in an environment like the Amish in a certain"}, {"start": "02:19:34", "end": "02:19:40", "text": "time and do not expose us to what's going on out there. So they we're pets. Maybe they're watching us and kind of"}, {"start": "02:19:40", "end": "02:19:48", "text": "enjoying uh what we're doing, stopping us from hurting ourselves, stopping us from hurting ourselves. There are so many things, but one of the things that"}, {"start": "02:19:48", "end": "02:19:54", "text": "I think is potentially a solution to the phrases paradox and one of the saddest"}, {"start": "02:19:54", "end": "02:20:01", "text": "outcomes is that civilizations progress until they invent technology that will"}, {"start": "02:20:01", "end": "02:20:07", "text": "lock us into infinite pleasure and infinite simulation such that we we"}, {"start": "02:20:07", "end": "02:20:14", "text": "don't have the motivation to go into space to seek out the explor"}, {"start": "02:20:14", "end": "02:20:20", "text": "exploration, potentially other alien civilizations. And perhaps that is a"}, {"start": "02:20:20", "end": "02:20:27", "text": "determined outcome of humanity or like a highly likely outcome of any species"}, {"start": "02:20:27", "end": "02:20:33", "text": "like humanity. We like pleasure. Pleasure and pain is the main motivators. And so if you create an"}, {"start": "02:20:33", "end": "02:20:40", "text": "infinite pleasure machine, does that mean that we're just at home in our VR environment with everything taking care"}, {"start": "02:20:40", "end": "02:20:46", "text": "for us and literally like the matrix and the world the real world would suck in such a scenario? Yes. Be terrible. I"}, {"start": "02:20:46", "end": "02:20:53", "text": "mean the other simpler explanation of the Fermy paradox is that you generate sufficient technology that you can end"}, {"start": "02:20:53", "end": "02:20:59", "text": "your species and it's only a matter of time from that point which you know we can have that discussion about nuclear"}, {"start": "02:20:59", "end": "02:21:06", "text": "weapons. We can have it about AI, but does some technology, if if we stay on that escalator, does some technology"}, {"start": "02:21:06", "end": "02:21:12", "text": "that we generate ultimately whatever allows you to get off the planet allows you to blow up the planet? There you go."}, {"start": "02:21:12", "end": "02:21:17", "text": "I want to get everyone's closing thoughts and closing remarks. And hopefully in your closing remarks, you"}, {"start": "02:21:17", "end": "02:21:24", "text": "can capture something actionable for the individual that's listening to this now on their commute to work or the single"}, {"start": "02:21:24", "end": "02:21:29", "text": "mother, the average person who maybe isn't as technologically advanced as many of us at this table, but is trying"}, {"start": "02:21:29", "end": "02:21:37", "text": "to navigate through this to figure out how to live a good life over the next 10, 20, 30 years. Yeah. Take as long as"}, {"start": "02:21:37", "end": "02:21:43", "text": "you need. I think we live in the most uh interesting time in human history. So"}, {"start": "02:21:43", "end": "02:21:49", "text": "for the single mother that's listening, for someone who wouldn't be the stereotype of a tech row, don't assume"}, {"start": "02:21:49", "end": "02:21:56", "text": "that you can't do this stuff. It's never been more accessible today within your work. You can be an entrepreneur. You"}, {"start": "02:21:56", "end": "02:22:02", "text": "don't have to take massive risk to go create a business um by you quit your"}, {"start": "02:22:02", "end": "02:22:09", "text": "job and go create a business. There are countless examples. We uh we have a user who's a product manager at a larger real"}, {"start": "02:22:09", "end": "02:22:15", "text": "estate business and he built something that created 10% lift in conversion"}, {"start": "02:22:15", "end": "02:22:21", "text": "rates which generated millions and millions of dollars of that business and that person became celebrity at that"}, {"start": "02:22:21", "end": "02:22:27", "text": "company and became someone who is lifting everyone else up and teaching them how to use these tools and"}, {"start": "02:22:27", "end": "02:22:33", "text": "obviously that that is like a really great for for anyone's career and you're going to get a promotion and your"}, {"start": "02:22:33", "end": "02:22:39", "text": "example of building a piece of software for your family for your kids to to"}, {"start": "02:22:39", "end": "02:22:44", "text": "improve and and to learn more to be better kids uh as an example of being"}, {"start": "02:22:44", "end": "02:22:51", "text": "entrepreneur in your family. So I really want people to break away from this"}, {"start": "02:22:51", "end": "02:22:59", "text": "concept of entrepreneurship being this is your podcast a diary of a CEO. You started this podcast by talking to CEOs"}, {"start": "02:22:59", "end": "02:23:05", "text": "I assume right and over time uh it changed to everyone can be a CEO"}, {"start": "02:23:05", "end": "02:23:12", "text": "everyone is some kind of CEO in their life and so uh I think that we"}, {"start": "02:23:12", "end": "02:23:19", "text": "have unprecedented access to tools for that vision to actually come to reality."}, {"start": "02:23:19", "end": "02:23:25", "text": "Well, it is obviously a moment of a kind of human phase transition. Something"}, {"start": "02:23:25", "end": "02:23:34", "text": "that I believe will be the equal of a discovery of farming or writing or"}, {"start": "02:23:34", "end": "02:23:40", "text": "electricity. And the darkness that I think is valid in looking at all of the"}, {"start": "02:23:40", "end": "02:23:47", "text": "possible outcomes of this scenario is actually potentially part of a different story as well. In evolutionary biology,"}, {"start": "02:23:47", "end": "02:23:54", "text": "we talk about an adaptive landscape in which a niche is represented as a peak"}, {"start": "02:23:54", "end": "02:24:00", "text": "and a higher niche, a better niche is represented as a higher peak. But to get from the lower niche to the higher"}, {"start": "02:24:00", "end": "02:24:05", "text": "niche, you have to cross through what we call an adaptive valley. And there's no guarantee that you make it through the"}, {"start": "02:24:05", "end": "02:24:11", "text": "adaptive valley. And in fact, the drawing that we put on the board, I think, is overly hopeful because it"}, {"start": "02:24:11", "end": "02:24:17", "text": "makes it in two dimensions. It looks like you know exactly where to go to climb that next peak. And in fact, it's"}, {"start": "02:24:17", "end": "02:24:23", "text": "more like the peaks are islands in an archipelago that is in fog where you"}, {"start": "02:24:23", "end": "02:24:29", "text": "can't figure out what direction that peak is and you have to reason out it's probably that way and you hope not to"}, {"start": "02:24:29", "end": "02:24:36", "text": "miss it by a few degrees. But in any case, that darkness is exactly what you"}, {"start": "02:24:36", "end": "02:24:42", "text": "would expect if we were about to discover a better phase for humans. And"}, {"start": "02:24:42", "end": "02:24:47", "text": "I think we should be very deliberate about it this time. I think we should think carefully about how it is that we"}, {"start": "02:24:47", "end": "02:24:53", "text": "do not allow the combination of this brand new extremely powerful technology"}, {"start": "02:24:53", "end": "02:25:00", "text": "and market forces to turn this into some new kind of enslavement. And I don't"}, {"start": "02:25:00", "end": "02:25:07", "text": "think it has to be. I think the potential here does allow us to refactor just about everything. Maybe we have"}, {"start": "02:25:07", "end": "02:25:14", "text": "finally arrived at the place where mundane work doesn't need to exist anymore and the pursuit of meaning can"}, {"start": "02:25:14", "end": "02:25:21", "text": "replace it. But that's not going to happen automatically if we don't figure out how to make it happen. And I hope"}, {"start": "02:25:21", "end": "02:25:27", "text": "that we can recognize that the peril of this moment is best utilized if it"}, {"start": "02:25:27", "end": "02:25:34", "text": "motivates us to confront that question directly. Each one of us has two parents, four"}, {"start": "02:25:34", "end": "02:25:41", "text": "grandparents, eight great-grandparents, 16, 32, 64. You've got this inc like"}, {"start": "02:25:41", "end": "02:25:48", "text": "this long line of ancestors who all had to meet each other. They all had to survive wars. They all had to survive"}, {"start": "02:25:48", "end": "02:25:53", "text": "illness and disease. Everything had to happen for us. One, each individual, all"}, {"start": "02:25:53", "end": "02:25:59", "text": "of this this stuff had to happen for us to get here. And if we think about all the people in those thousands and"}, {"start": "02:25:59", "end": "02:26:05", "text": "thousands of people, every single one of them would trade places in a heartbeat if they had the opportunity to be alive"}, {"start": "02:26:05", "end": "02:26:11", "text": "at this particular moment. They would say that their life was struggle,"}, {"start": "02:26:11", "end": "02:26:16", "text": "disease, that their life was a lot of mundane and meaningless work. It was"}, {"start": "02:26:16", "end": "02:26:24", "text": "dangerous. You know, every single one of us has probably got ancestors that were enslaved, probably got ancestors that"}, {"start": "02:26:24", "end": "02:26:29", "text": "died too young, uh, probably got ancestors that worked horrific"}, {"start": "02:26:29", "end": "02:26:36", "text": "conditions. We all have that. And they would all just look at this moment and say, \"Wow.\" So, are you telling me that"}, {"start": "02:26:36", "end": "02:26:41", "text": "you have the ability to solve meaningful problems, to come up with adventures, to"}, {"start": "02:26:41", "end": "02:26:47", "text": "travel the world, to pick the brains of anyone on the planet that you want to pick the brains of? You can just listen"}, {"start": "02:26:47", "end": "02:26:53", "text": "to a podcast. You can just watch a video. You can talk to an AI. Like, are you telling me that you're alive at this"}, {"start": "02:26:53", "end": "02:26:59", "text": "particular moment? Please make the most of that. Like, do something with that."}, {"start": "02:26:59", "end": "02:27:05", "text": "You know, you can sit around pontificating about society and how society might work. But ultimately, it"}, {"start": "02:27:05", "end": "02:27:10", "text": "all boils down to what you do with this moment. and solving meaningful problems,"}, {"start": "02:27:10", "end": "02:27:16", "text": "being brave, having fun, making your little dent in the universe. You know,"}, {"start": "02:27:16", "end": "02:27:22", "text": "that's that's what it's all about. And I feel like there's an obligation to your ancestors to make the most of the"}, {"start": "02:27:22", "end": "02:27:28", "text": "moment. Thank you so much to everybody for being here. I I've learned a lot and I've"}, {"start": "02:27:28", "end": "02:27:34", "text": "developed my thinking, which is much the reason why I wanted to bring us all together because I know you all have different experiences, different"}, {"start": "02:27:34", "end": "02:27:40", "text": "backgrounds in education. and you're doing different things, but together it helps me sort of pass through all of these ideas to figure out where I land."}, {"start": "02:27:40", "end": "02:27:46", "text": "And I I I ask a lot of questions, but I am actually a believer in humans. I'm I"}, {"start": "02:27:46", "end": "02:27:52", "text": "I was thinking about this a second ago. I was thinking, do I am I optimistic about humans ability to navigate this"}, {"start": "02:27:52", "end": "02:27:57", "text": "just because I have no other choice? Because as you said, the alternative actually isn't worth thinking about. And"}, {"start": "02:27:57", "end": "02:28:03", "text": "so I do have a optimism towards how I think we're going to navigate this in part because we're having these kinds of"}, {"start": "02:28:03", "end": "02:28:09", "text": "conversations and we in history haven't always had them at the birth of a new revolution when we think about social"}, {"start": "02:28:09", "end": "02:28:14", "text": "media and the implications that had. We're playing catchup with the with the downstream"}, {"start": "02:28:14", "end": "02:28:20", "text": "consequences. And I am hopeful. Maybe that's the entrepreneur in me. I'm excited. Maybe that's also the"}, {"start": "02:28:20", "end": "02:28:25", "text": "entrepreneur in me. But at the same time, to many of the points Brett's raised and Amjud's raised and Dan's"}, {"start": "02:28:25", "end": "02:28:32", "text": "raised, there are serious considerations as we swim from one island to another. And because of the speed and scale of"}, {"start": "02:28:32", "end": "02:28:37", "text": "this transformation that Brett highlights and you look at the stats of the growth of this technology and how"}, {"start": "02:28:37", "end": "02:28:42", "text": "it's spreading like wildfire and how once I tried Replet, I walked straight out and I told Cozy immediately I was"}, {"start": "02:28:42", "end": "02:28:48", "text": "like, \"Cussie, try this.\" And she was on it and she was hooked. And then I called my girlfriend in Bali who's the breath work practitioner and I was like, \"Type"}, {"start": "02:28:48", "end": "02:28:53", "text": "this into your browser. R E P L I T.\" And then she's making these breath work"}, {"start": "02:28:53", "end": "02:29:00", "text": "schedules with all of her clients information ahead of the retreat she's about to do. It's spreading like wildfire because we're internet native."}, {"start": "02:29:00", "end": "02:29:07", "text": "We were native to this technology. So it's not a new technology. It's something on top of something that's intuitive to us. So that transition, as"}, {"start": "02:29:07", "end": "02:29:12", "text": "Brett describes it, from one peak to the other or one island to another, I think is going to be incredibly destabilizing."}, {"start": "02:29:12", "end": "02:29:17", "text": "And I've having interviewed so many leaders in this space from Reed Hoffman who's the founder of LinkedIn to the CEO"}, {"start": "02:29:17", "end": "02:29:22", "text": "of Google to Mustafa who I mentioned they don't agree on much but the thing"}, {"start": "02:29:22", "end": "02:29:28", "text": "that they all agree on and that Sam Alman agrees on is that the long-term future the long-term way that our"}, {"start": "02:29:28", "end": "02:29:33", "text": "society functions is radically different. People squab squabble over the short term. They sometimes even"}, {"start": "02:29:33", "end": "02:29:38", "text": "squabble over the midterm or the timeline but they all agree that the future is going to look completely"}, {"start": "02:29:38", "end": "02:29:45", "text": "different. Amjud, thank you for doing what you're doing. you're what we didn't get to spend a lot of time on it today and this is typically what I do here but"}, {"start": "02:29:45", "end": "02:29:51", "text": "your story is incredibly inspiring incredibly inspiring from where you came from what you've done what you're"}, {"start": "02:29:51", "end": "02:29:58", "text": "building and you are democratizing and creating a level of playing field for entrepreneurs in Bangladesh to Cape Town"}, {"start": "02:29:58", "end": "02:30:04", "text": "to San Francisco to be able to turn their ideas into reality and I do think just on the surface that that's such a"}, {"start": "02:30:04", "end": "02:30:11", "text": "wonderful thing that you know I was born in Botswana in in Africa and that I could have the same access to turn my"}, {"start": "02:30:11", "end": "02:30:17", "text": "imagination into something to change my life because of the work that you're doing at Replet. And I highly recommend everybody go check it out. You you"}, {"start": "02:30:17", "end": "02:30:23", "text": "probably won't sleep that night because it's so it's so for someone like me it was so addictive to get to be able to do"}, {"start": "02:30:23", "end": "02:30:29", "text": "that because it's been the barrier to creation my whole life. I've always had to call someone to build something. Dan, thank you again so much because you"}, {"start": "02:30:29", "end": "02:30:35", "text": "represent the voice of entrepreneurs and you've really become a titan as a a thought leader for entrepreneurs in the UK and that perspective that balance is"}, {"start": "02:30:35", "end": "02:30:41", "text": "incredibly important. So, I really really appreciate you being here as always and you're a huge fan favorite of our show and Brett, thank you a"}, {"start": "02:30:41", "end": "02:30:48", "text": "gazillion times over for being a a human lens on complicated challenges and you"}, {"start": "02:30:48", "end": "02:30:54", "text": "do it with a fearlessness that I think is imperative for us finding the truth in these kind of situations where some"}, {"start": "02:30:54", "end": "02:31:00", "text": "of us can run off with optimism and we can be hurtling towards the mouse trap because we love cheese and I think"}, {"start": "02:31:00", "end": "02:31:06", "text": "you're an important counterbalance and voice in the world at this time. So, thank all of you for being here. I really really appreciate"}, {"start": "02:31:06", "end": "02:31:15", "text": "it and um we shall see. These things live forever."}, {"start": "02:31:17", "end": "02:31:23", "text": "So, this has always blown my mind a little bit. 53% of you that listen to this show regularly haven't yet"}, {"start": "02:31:23", "end": "02:31:29", "text": "subscribed to the show. So, could I ask you for a favor? If you like the show and you like what we do here and you want to support us, the free simple way"}, {"start": "02:31:29", "end": "02:31:35", "text": "that you can do just that is by hitting the subscribe button. And my commitment to you is if you do that, then I'll do"}, {"start": "02:31:35", "end": "02:31:41", "text": "everything in my power, me and my team, to make sure that this show is better for you every single week. We'll listen to your feedback. We'll find the guests"}, {"start": "02:31:41", "end": "02:31:48", "text": "that you want me to speak to, and we'll continue to do what we do. Thank you so much."}, {"start": "02:31:48", "end": "02:32:01", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "02:32:05", "end": "02:32:09", "text": "[Music]"}]

[{"start": "00:00:00", "end": "00:00:03", "text": "[Music]"}, {"start": "00:00:03", "end": "00:00:06", "text": "Linkus, the lost capital of the ancient"}, {"start": "00:00:06", "end": "00:00:08", "text": "kingdom of Linkest, has recently been"}, {"start": "00:00:08", "end": "00:00:11", "text": "uncovered by archaeologists in North"}, {"start": "00:00:11", "end": "00:00:14", "text": "Macedonia. I am Ancient Swan, and that"}, {"start": "00:00:14", "end": "00:00:17", "text": "was my attempt at an"}, {"start": "00:00:17", "end": "00:00:20", "text": "introduction. Linkis, a city so"}, {"start": "00:00:20", "end": "00:00:22", "text": "overshadowed by bigger names, it might"}, {"start": "00:00:22", "end": "00:00:23", "text": "as well have been the forgotten middle"}, {"start": "00:00:23", "end": "00:00:25", "text": "child of history. Not as famous as"}, {"start": "00:00:25", "end": "00:00:28", "text": "Athens, not as powerful as Rome, but"}, {"start": "00:00:28", "end": "00:00:31", "text": "guess what? still incredibly relevant."}, {"start": "00:00:31", "end": "00:00:32", "text": "It turns out Lincoln wasn't just some"}, {"start": "00:00:32", "end": "00:00:35", "text": "dusty outpost. This was a thriving"}, {"start": "00:00:35", "end": "00:00:38", "text": "city. You know, you've hit the jackpot"}, {"start": "00:00:38", "end": "00:00:40", "text": "in archaeology when something you"}, {"start": "00:00:40", "end": "00:00:42", "text": "thought was a gas station turns out to"}, {"start": "00:00:42", "end": "00:00:45", "text": "be an entire ancient"}, {"start": "00:00:45", "end": "00:00:47", "text": "civilization. For years, historians"}, {"start": "00:00:47", "end": "00:00:49", "text": "thought they were digging up some lowly"}, {"start": "00:00:49", "end": "00:00:52", "text": "Roman military outpost. But surprise,"}, {"start": "00:00:52", "end": "00:00:54", "text": "turns out they had their hands on a"}, {"start": "00:00:54", "end": "00:00:57", "text": "forgotten Macedonian metropolis. This is"}, {"start": "00:00:57", "end": "00:00:59", "text": "why you don't ignore history, folks,"}, {"start": "00:00:59", "end": "00:01:01", "text": "because sometimes it sneaks up and"}, {"start": "00:01:01", "end": "00:01:04", "text": "smacks you in the balls with a 7 acre"}, {"start": "00:01:04", "end": "00:01:07", "text": "acropolis. The discovery of Lincoln"}, {"start": "00:01:07", "end": "00:01:09", "text": "sheds light on a civilization that"}, {"start": "00:01:09", "end": "00:01:11", "text": "played a crucial role in the history of"}, {"start": "00:01:11", "end": "00:01:14", "text": "ancient Macedonia, particularly in the"}, {"start": "00:01:14", "end": "00:01:16", "text": "era leading up to Alexander the Great's"}, {"start": "00:01:16", "end": "00:01:19", "text": "reign. The city believed to have been"}, {"start": "00:01:19", "end": "00:01:22", "text": "founded in the 7th century B.C.E. was a"}, {"start": "00:01:22", "end": "00:01:25", "text": "significant hub in upper Macedonia,"}, {"start": "00:01:25", "end": "00:01:27", "text": "strategically positioned along trade"}, {"start": "00:01:27", "end": "00:01:30", "text": "routes leading to Constantinople and"}, {"start": "00:01:30", "end": "00:01:33", "text": "Lydia in modern-day Turkey and trying"}, {"start": "00:01:33", "end": "00:01:35", "text": "really hard to look important while"}, {"start": "00:01:35", "end": "00:01:37", "text": "bigger empires stomped around"}, {"start": "00:01:37", "end": "00:01:40", "text": "nearby. Linkus was the capital of"}, {"start": "00:01:40", "end": "00:01:43", "text": "Linkest, an autonomous kingdom in upper"}, {"start": "00:01:43", "end": "00:01:46", "text": "Macedonia. The region was known for its"}, {"start": "00:01:46", "end": "00:01:47", "text": "mountainous terrain and strategic"}, {"start": "00:01:47", "end": "00:01:50", "text": "location which made it an important"}, {"start": "00:01:50", "end": "00:01:51", "text": "center for trade and political"}, {"start": "00:01:51", "end": "00:01:53", "text": "maneuvering. In its earlier history,"}, {"start": "00:01:53", "end": "00:01:56", "text": "Linkest was an independent city state"}, {"start": "00:01:56", "end": "00:01:58", "text": "ruled by a local king who claimed"}, {"start": "00:01:58", "end": "00:02:01", "text": "descent from the Bakyadai, a Greek"}, {"start": "00:02:01", "end": "00:02:03", "text": "aristocratic family who had once ruled"}, {"start": "00:02:03", "end": "00:02:05", "text": "ancient Corinth around the 8th century"}, {"start": "00:02:05", "end": "00:02:08", "text": "BC. It's like if the British finally"}, {"start": "00:02:08", "end": "00:02:10", "text": "kicked out the royal family for being"}, {"start": "00:02:10", "end": "00:02:13", "text": "which they are, and so the king"}, {"start": "00:02:13", "end": "00:02:15", "text": "and his spawn all just upsticks from"}, {"start": "00:02:15", "end": "00:02:18", "text": "Buckingham Palace and move a few hundred"}, {"start": "00:02:18", "end": "00:02:20", "text": "miles north to found a new city while"}, {"start": "00:02:20", "end": "00:02:23", "text": "telling everyone around them to get used"}, {"start": "00:02:23", "end": "00:02:25", "text": "to"}, {"start": "00:02:25", "end": "00:02:29", "text": "it. The inhabitants of Linkest were"}, {"start": "00:02:29", "end": "00:02:31", "text": "known as Linest. In the second half of"}, {"start": "00:02:31", "end": "00:02:34", "text": "the fifth century B.C., Linkest was the"}, {"start": "00:02:34", "end": "00:02:36", "text": "strongest tribal state in Upper"}, {"start": "00:02:36", "end": "00:02:40", "text": "Macedonia under King Arabus with Linkus"}, {"start": "00:02:40", "end": "00:02:43", "text": "as its capital. During the Pelpeneisian"}, {"start": "00:02:43", "end": "00:02:47", "text": "War in 423 BC, the combined army of"}, {"start": "00:02:47", "end": "00:02:50", "text": "Linkst under King Arabus and the Yrianss"}, {"start": "00:02:50", "end": "00:02:52", "text": "won against the joined forces of the"}, {"start": "00:02:52", "end": "00:02:54", "text": "Macedonian and Spartan armies at the"}, {"start": "00:02:54", "end": "00:02:57", "text": "battle of Linkest. However, in a"}, {"start": "00:02:57", "end": "00:03:00", "text": "surprising turn of events, Linkest"}, {"start": "00:03:00", "end": "00:03:02", "text": "instead saw itself ruled by the very"}, {"start": "00:03:02", "end": "00:03:04", "text": "Yrianss they had earlier fought"}, {"start": "00:03:04", "end": "00:03:07", "text": "alongside. This situation remained for"}, {"start": "00:03:07", "end": "00:03:09", "text": "several decades until Yria went to war"}, {"start": "00:03:09", "end": "00:03:12", "text": "with Macedonia, and Linkis was conquered"}, {"start": "00:03:12", "end": "00:03:16", "text": "by Philip II of Macedon in 358 B.CE. He"}, {"start": "00:03:16", "end": "00:03:18", "text": "showed up with all the subtlety of a"}, {"start": "00:03:18", "end": "00:03:20", "text": "wrecking ball and said, \"You're"}, {"start": "00:03:20", "end": "00:03:23", "text": "Macedonian now. Deal with it.\" Bringing"}, {"start": "00:03:23", "end": "00:03:25", "text": "the city and its kingdom under the rule"}, {"start": "00:03:25", "end": "00:03:27", "text": "of the expanding Macedonian Empire,"}, {"start": "00:03:27", "end": "00:03:29", "text": "although they became part of Macedon,"}, {"start": "00:03:29", "end": "00:03:32", "text": "Lestians retained their own"}, {"start": "00:03:32", "end": "00:03:34", "text": "king. After his conquest, Philip founded"}, {"start": "00:03:34", "end": "00:03:37", "text": "another city, Heracle Linkest, which"}, {"start": "00:03:37", "end": "00:03:40", "text": "would then become the main city of the"}, {"start": "00:03:40", "end": "00:03:42", "text": "region. This was a deliberate tactic by"}, {"start": "00:03:42", "end": "00:03:45", "text": "Philip to ensure the region's resources"}, {"start": "00:03:45", "end": "00:03:47", "text": "fell under his power instead of going"}, {"start": "00:03:47", "end": "00:03:49", "text": "through the power of the old capital"}, {"start": "00:03:49", "end": "00:03:53", "text": "where the king of Lincoln still resided."}, {"start": "00:03:53", "end": "00:03:55", "text": "Ancient Macedonia had originally been a"}, {"start": "00:03:55", "end": "00:03:58", "text": "small, initially insignificant kingdom"}, {"start": "00:03:58", "end": "00:04:01", "text": "in present-day Greece. However, as other"}, {"start": "00:04:01", "end": "00:04:03", "text": "major powers in the region fought and"}, {"start": "00:04:03", "end": "00:04:05", "text": "warded with each other, such as those"}, {"start": "00:04:05", "end": "00:04:07", "text": "between the Athenians, Persians, and"}, {"start": "00:04:07", "end": "00:04:09", "text": "Spartans, this made it easy for the"}, {"start": "00:04:09", "end": "00:04:12", "text": "small Macedonia to grow and under the"}, {"start": "00:04:12", "end": "00:04:14", "text": "heavy hand of King Philip II to stake"}, {"start": "00:04:14", "end": "00:04:17", "text": "its claim to power."}, {"start": "00:04:17", "end": "00:04:19", "text": "Soldiers from Lincolnus were renowned"}, {"start": "00:04:19", "end": "00:04:21", "text": "and were regularly recruited for"}, {"start": "00:04:21", "end": "00:04:24", "text": "Macedonian armies. Later they"}, {"start": "00:04:24", "end": "00:04:26", "text": "contributed to the Indian campaign led"}, {"start": "00:04:26", "end": "00:04:28", "text": "by Alexander the"}, {"start": "00:04:28", "end": "00:04:30", "text": "Great. One of the most notable figures"}, {"start": "00:04:30", "end": "00:04:33", "text": "associated with Lincoln is Uritysy first"}, {"start": "00:04:33", "end": "00:04:36", "text": "of Macedon, the grandmother of Alexander"}, {"start": "00:04:36", "end": "00:04:39", "text": "the Great. She was born in Lincoln and"}, {"start": "00:04:39", "end": "00:04:41", "text": "played a significant role in Macedonian"}, {"start": "00:04:41", "end": "00:04:43", "text": "politics, sticking her dirty little"}, {"start": "00:04:43", "end": "00:04:45", "text": "fingers into every political pie that"}, {"start": "00:04:45", "end": "00:04:48", "text": "she could, particularly into the pie"}, {"start": "00:04:48", "end": "00:04:50", "text": "securing the throne for her son, Philip"}, {"start": "00:04:50", "end": "00:04:53", "text": "II. Without her influence, the rise of"}, {"start": "00:04:53", "end": "00:04:56", "text": "Alexander the Great might have taken a"}, {"start": "00:04:56", "end": "00:04:58", "text": "different course. Trust me, you don't"}, {"start": "00:04:58", "end": "00:05:01", "text": "get to birth world conquerors unless"}, {"start": "00:05:01", "end": "00:05:02", "text": "your city has something going"}, {"start": "00:05:02", "end": "00:05:05", "text": "on. So, fast forward a couple thousand"}, {"start": "00:05:05", "end": "00:05:08", "text": "years. Some folks with shovels start"}, {"start": "00:05:08", "end": "00:05:10", "text": "poking around North Macedonia. The ruins"}, {"start": "00:05:10", "end": "00:05:12", "text": "of Lincoln were first identified in the"}, {"start": "00:05:12", "end": "00:05:15", "text": "1960s, but for decades, archaeologists"}, {"start": "00:05:15", "end": "00:05:17", "text": "believed the site was merely a military"}, {"start": "00:05:17", "end": "00:05:19", "text": "outpost built to defend against Roman"}, {"start": "00:05:19", "end": "00:05:22", "text": "attacks. However, recent excavations"}, {"start": "00:05:22", "end": "00:05:24", "text": "have revealed a sprawling city complete"}, {"start": "00:05:24", "end": "00:05:26", "text": "with a 7acre acropolis, a Macedonian"}, {"start": "00:05:26", "end": "00:05:28", "text": "style theater, and a textile workshop."}, {"start": "00:05:28", "end": "00:05:31", "text": "And yes, this is why archaeologists are"}, {"start": "00:05:31", "end": "00:05:33", "text": "cooler than me or you, because they"}, {"start": "00:05:33", "end": "00:05:36", "text": "accidentally trip over entire lost"}, {"start": "00:05:36", "end": "00:05:40", "text": "civilizations. In 2023, researchers from"}, {"start": "00:05:40", "end": "00:05:42", "text": "Macedonia's institute, Museum Bollah,"}, {"start": "00:05:42", "end": "00:05:44", "text": "and California State Polytechnic"}, {"start": "00:05:44", "end": "00:05:47", "text": "University used advanced alien"}, {"start": "00:05:47", "end": "00:05:49", "text": "technologies such as ground penetrating"}, {"start": "00:05:49", "end": "00:05:52", "text": "radar and drone deployed lidar to map"}, {"start": "00:05:52", "end": "00:05:54", "text": "the site. Their findings confirmed that"}, {"start": "00:05:54", "end": "00:05:56", "text": "the ruins were far more extensive than"}, {"start": "00:05:56", "end": "00:05:58", "text": "previously thought, and showing that"}, {"start": "00:05:58", "end": "00:06:00", "text": "Linkus was a thriving urban center"}, {"start": "00:06:00", "end": "00:06:03", "text": "rather than a mere fortress. Imagine"}, {"start": "00:06:03", "end": "00:06:05", "text": "that. You're looking for buried treasure"}, {"start": "00:06:05", "end": "00:06:07", "text": "and suddenly, oh, hey, look, it's an"}, {"start": "00:06:07", "end": "00:06:09", "text": "entire"}, {"start": "00:06:09", "end": "00:06:11", "text": "theater. And what did they find? A"}, {"start": "00:06:11", "end": "00:06:14", "text": "treasure trove of ancient goodies,"}, {"start": "00:06:14", "end": "00:06:16", "text": "coins, pottery, stone axes, game pieces,"}, {"start": "00:06:16", "end": "00:06:18", "text": "and even a clay theater ticket. A"}, {"start": "00:06:18", "end": "00:06:20", "text": "literal ticket to the theater. proof"}, {"start": "00:06:20", "end": "00:06:23", "text": "that even in ancient Macedonia, bouncers"}, {"start": "00:06:23", "end": "00:06:24", "text": "were stood at doors all like, \"Tickets,"}, {"start": "00:06:24", "end": "00:06:26", "text": "please, and if your name's not down,"}, {"start": "00:06:26", "end": "00:06:29", "text": "you're not getting in.\" The discovery of"}, {"start": "00:06:29", "end": "00:06:32", "text": "a clay theater ticket suggests that"}, {"start": "00:06:32", "end": "00:06:35", "text": "Lincoln had a vibrant cultural scene."}, {"start": "00:06:35", "end": "00:06:37", "text": "The presence of such a large Macedonian"}, {"start": "00:06:37", "end": "00:06:39", "text": "style theater indicates that the city"}, {"start": "00:06:39", "end": "00:06:41", "text": "was not only a political and economic"}, {"start": "00:06:41", "end": "00:06:44", "text": "hub, but also a center for artistic and"}, {"start": "00:06:44", "end": "00:06:47", "text": "intellectual activities. Imagine you"}, {"start": "00:06:47", "end": "00:06:49", "text": "could visit Lincoln, catch a play, paint"}, {"start": "00:06:49", "end": "00:06:51", "text": "a pot at the arts class, and then debate"}, {"start": "00:06:51", "end": "00:06:52", "text": "whether or not to stop whipping,"}, {"start": "00:06:52", "end": "00:06:56", "text": "stuttering Steve the slave every time he"}, {"start": "00:06:56", "end": "00:06:59", "text": "stutters. Another particularly notable"}, {"start": "00:06:59", "end": "00:07:02", "text": "find was a coin minted between 325 and"}, {"start": "00:07:02", "end": "00:07:05", "text": "323 B.C.E. during Alexander the Great's"}, {"start": "00:07:05", "end": "00:07:08", "text": "lifetime. This artifact helped"}, {"start": "00:07:08", "end": "00:07:10", "text": "archaeologists date the city's peak"}, {"start": "00:07:10", "end": "00:07:12", "text": "period and confirmed its connection to"}, {"start": "00:07:12", "end": "00:07:14", "text": "the Macedonian Empire. But it doesn't"}, {"start": "00:07:14", "end": "00:07:16", "text": "end here."}, {"start": "00:07:16", "end": "00:07:18", "text": "Further analysis of artifacts found at"}, {"start": "00:07:18", "end": "00:07:20", "text": "the site suggests that Linkus was"}, {"start": "00:07:20", "end": "00:07:22", "text": "inhabited long before the rise of the"}, {"start": "00:07:22", "end": "00:07:23", "text": "Macedonian"}, {"start": "00:07:23", "end": "00:07:27", "text": "Empire. Stone axes and ceramic fragments"}, {"start": "00:07:27", "end": "00:07:30", "text": "indicate human activity in the area"}, {"start": "00:07:30", "end": "00:07:32", "text": "dating back to the Bronze"}, {"start": "00:07:32", "end": "00:07:34", "text": "Age. This challenges previous"}, {"start": "00:07:34", "end": "00:07:37", "text": "assumptions about the region's history"}, {"start": "00:07:37", "end": "00:07:39", "text": "and suggests that Linkis was an"}, {"start": "00:07:39", "end": "00:07:41", "text": "important settlement long before it"}, {"start": "00:07:41", "end": "00:07:44", "text": "became the capital of Linkest. Meaning"}, {"start": "00:07:44", "end": "00:07:47", "text": "this city existed long before anyone"}, {"start": "00:07:47", "end": "00:07:50", "text": "even knew what a Macedonian was. Just"}, {"start": "00:07:50", "end": "00:07:52", "text": "imagine a bunch of ancient dudes"}, {"start": "00:07:52", "end": "00:07:54", "text": "standing around inventing stone tools"}, {"start": "00:07:54", "end": "00:07:57", "text": "and telling stories around the fire"}, {"start": "00:07:57", "end": "00:07:59", "text": "about how one day there would be a city"}, {"start": "00:07:59", "end": "00:08:01", "text": "here and one of their descendants would"}, {"start": "00:08:01", "end": "00:08:04", "text": "rule it all. Linkus was strategically"}, {"start": "00:08:04", "end": "00:08:07", "text": "located along trade routes leading to"}, {"start": "00:08:07", "end": "00:08:09", "text": "Constantinople, making it a key player"}, {"start": "00:08:09", "end": "00:08:11", "text": "in regional commerce and the perfect"}, {"start": "00:08:11", "end": "00:08:14", "text": "place for merchants to pass through,"}, {"start": "00:08:14", "end": "00:08:16", "text": "sell some overpriced goods, and complain"}, {"start": "00:08:16", "end": "00:08:17", "text": "about the local"}, {"start": "00:08:17", "end": "00:08:20", "text": "women. The city's position allowed it to"}, {"start": "00:08:20", "end": "00:08:22", "text": "facilitate trade between Macedonia and"}, {"start": "00:08:22", "end": "00:08:24", "text": "other parts of the ancient world,"}, {"start": "00:08:24", "end": "00:08:26", "text": "including the broader Mediterranean"}, {"start": "00:08:26", "end": "00:08:30", "text": "region where dragons lived. The city's"}, {"start": "00:08:30", "end": "00:08:32", "text": "infrastructure, including its acropolis"}, {"start": "00:08:32", "end": "00:08:35", "text": "and fortified walls, suggests that it"}, {"start": "00:08:35", "end": "00:08:37", "text": "was wellprepared for both trade and"}, {"start": "00:08:37", "end": "00:08:40", "text": "defense. Historians believe figures like"}, {"start": "00:08:40", "end": "00:08:42", "text": "Octavian and agria would have passed"}, {"start": "00:08:42", "end": "00:08:44", "text": "through the city on their way to smack"}, {"start": "00:08:44", "end": "00:08:46", "text": "the out of Cleopatra and Mark"}, {"start": "00:08:46", "end": "00:08:47", "text": "Anthony at the battle of"}, {"start": "00:08:47", "end": "00:08:50", "text": "Actum. So basically, the roads through"}, {"start": "00:08:50", "end": "00:08:52", "text": "Linkus had some serious celebrity"}, {"start": "00:08:52", "end": "00:08:54", "text": "traffic. Like all good things, Linkis"}, {"start": "00:08:54", "end": "00:08:56", "text": "eventually fell under Roman control."}, {"start": "00:08:56", "end": "00:08:58", "text": "Why? Well, probably a mix of power"}, {"start": "00:08:58", "end": "00:09:01", "text": "struggles, bad leadership, and Rome"}, {"start": "00:09:01", "end": "00:09:03", "text": "being Rome. Rome didn't exactly ask"}, {"start": "00:09:03", "end": "00:09:05", "text": "politely when it took over new"}, {"start": "00:09:05", "end": "00:09:06", "text": "territories, \"Hey, would you mind"}, {"start": "00:09:06", "end": "00:09:09", "text": "terribly if we ran your country now?\""}, {"start": "00:09:09", "end": "00:09:11", "text": "Nope. More like, \"Congratulations. It's"}, {"start": "00:09:11", "end": "00:09:14", "text": "now either A, you're paying taxes to us"}, {"start": "00:09:14", "end": "00:09:17", "text": "forever, or B, we invent sports using"}, {"start": "00:09:17", "end": "00:09:19", "text": "your beheaded skulls in that pothole"}, {"start": "00:09:19", "end": "00:09:22", "text": "over there.\""}, {"start": "00:09:22", "end": "00:09:24", "text": "As Rome expanded its influence in the"}, {"start": "00:09:24", "end": "00:09:26", "text": "region, cities like Linkis were"}, {"start": "00:09:26", "end": "00:09:27", "text": "gradually absorbed into the Roman"}, {"start": "00:09:27", "end": "00:09:30", "text": "Empire. However, Linkis had already lost"}, {"start": "00:09:30", "end": "00:09:32", "text": "most of its wealth and power to the"}, {"start": "00:09:32", "end": "00:09:35", "text": "newer Macedonian replacement city,"}, {"start": "00:09:35", "end": "00:09:38", "text": "Heracle Linkest, and so under Roman"}, {"start": "00:09:38", "end": "00:09:40", "text": "rule, the once great city gradually"}, {"start": "00:09:40", "end": "00:09:42", "text": "continued its decline before"}, {"start": "00:09:42", "end": "00:09:45", "text": "disappearing from history."}, {"start": "00:09:45", "end": "00:09:48", "text": "Fast forward to today. Researchers are"}, {"start": "00:09:48", "end": "00:09:50", "text": "still poking around, uncovering new"}, {"start": "00:09:50", "end": "00:09:52", "text": "secrets every year. They're finally"}, {"start": "00:09:52", "end": "00:09:54", "text": "putting together the puzzle of ancient"}, {"start": "00:09:54", "end": "00:09:56", "text": "Macedonia, proving that Linkis wasn't"}, {"start": "00:09:56", "end": "00:09:59", "text": "just some backwater settlement, but a"}, {"start": "00:09:59", "end": "00:10:01", "text": "crucial player in the grand game of"}, {"start": "00:10:01", "end": "00:10:03", "text": "empire building. And after writing that"}, {"start": "00:10:03", "end": "00:10:05", "text": "sentence, I suddenly want to load up"}, {"start": "00:10:05", "end": "00:10:07", "text": "civilization and play as Linkus. I"}, {"start": "00:10:07", "end": "00:10:12", "text": "can't, but I want to, and it hurts."}, {"start": "00:10:12", "end": "00:10:14", "text": "This discovery is significant, said"}, {"start": "00:10:14", "end": "00:10:17", "text": "California polytechnic archaeologist"}, {"start": "00:10:17", "end": "00:10:19", "text": "Nick Angelof. It highlights the complex"}, {"start": "00:10:19", "end": "00:10:22", "text": "networks and power structures of ancient"}, {"start": "00:10:22", "end": "00:10:25", "text": "Macedonia. Translation: This place was"}, {"start": "00:10:25", "end": "00:10:27", "text": "way cooler than we thought. The"}, {"start": "00:10:27", "end": "00:10:29", "text": "rediscovery of Linkus is a"}, {"start": "00:10:29", "end": "00:10:32", "text": "groundbreaking moment in the study of"}, {"start": "00:10:32", "end": "00:10:34", "text": "ancient Macedonia."}, {"start": "00:10:34", "end": "00:10:36", "text": "As archaeologists continue to explore"}, {"start": "00:10:36", "end": "00:10:39", "text": "the site, they are uncovering new"}, {"start": "00:10:39", "end": "00:10:41", "text": "insights into the political, economic,"}, {"start": "00:10:41", "end": "00:10:44", "text": "and cultural dynamics of the"}, {"start": "00:10:44", "end": "00:10:46", "text": "region. From its role as the birthplace"}, {"start": "00:10:46", "end": "00:10:50", "text": "of Urity I to its strategic importance"}, {"start": "00:10:50", "end": "00:10:52", "text": "in trade, Lincoln stands as a testament"}, {"start": "00:10:52", "end": "00:10:55", "text": "to the rich history of Upper Macedonia."}, {"start": "00:10:55", "end": "00:10:57", "text": "I myself have booked a plot there where"}, {"start": "00:10:57", "end": "00:11:00", "text": "I will go dig holes and fully expect to"}, {"start": "00:11:00", "end": "00:11:03", "text": "find one of Alexander's great treasures."}, {"start": "00:11:03", "end": "00:11:05", "text": "Makes complete sense to me that he would"}, {"start": "00:11:05", "end": "00:11:07", "text": "bury some treasure in his grandmother's"}, {"start": "00:11:07", "end": "00:11:09", "text": "birthplace, exactly in the bit of soil"}, {"start": "00:11:09", "end": "00:11:12", "text": "where I will happen to dig. Also, I'm"}, {"start": "00:11:12", "end": "00:11:13", "text": "not actually going to do that, but if I"}, {"start": "00:11:13", "end": "00:11:16", "text": "could, I 100% would. Today is full of"}, {"start": "00:11:16", "end": "00:11:21", "text": "things I want to do, but can't. Life is"}, {"start": "00:11:21", "end": "00:11:24", "text": "tough. The rediscovery of Lincoln is"}, {"start": "00:11:24", "end": "00:11:26", "text": "basically history's way of saying,"}, {"start": "00:11:26", "end": "00:11:28", "text": "\"Surprise! You missed something big.\""}, {"start": "00:11:28", "end": "00:11:31", "text": "And honestly, it's a humbling reminder"}, {"start": "00:11:31", "end": "00:11:33", "text": "that we probably have entire"}, {"start": "00:11:33", "end": "00:11:35", "text": "civilizations sitting under parking lots"}, {"start": "00:11:35", "end": "00:11:37", "text": "right now. I wonder how much there is"}, {"start": "00:11:37", "end": "00:11:40", "text": "left to find. I bet it's a bit more than"}, {"start": "00:11:40", "end": "00:11:41", "text": "a wee"}, {"start": "00:11:41", "end": "00:11:44", "text": "bit. In a recent press release, Engine"}, {"start": "00:11:44", "end": "00:11:47", "text": "Nasu, curator adviser archaeologist at"}, {"start": "00:11:47", "end": "00:11:50", "text": "the National Institute and Museum Beah"}, {"start": "00:11:50", "end": "00:11:53", "text": "said, \"We're only beginning to scratch"}, {"start": "00:11:53", "end": "00:11:55", "text": "the surface of what we can learn about"}, {"start": "00:11:55", "end": "00:11:57", "text": "this period. All these studies are just"}, {"start": "00:11:57", "end": "00:11:59", "text": "a small part of the research of early"}, {"start": "00:11:59", "end": "00:12:01", "text": "European"}, {"start": "00:12:01", "end": "00:12:03", "text": "civilizations. I see it as a large"}, {"start": "00:12:03", "end": "00:12:06", "text": "mosaic and our studies are just a few"}, {"start": "00:12:06", "end": "00:12:08", "text": "pebbles in that mosaic. With each"}, {"start": "00:12:08", "end": "00:12:11", "text": "subsequent study, a new pebble is placed"}, {"start": "00:12:11", "end": "00:12:15", "text": "until one day we get the entire picture."}, {"start": "00:12:15", "end": "00:12:18", "text": "And then a few days after the news"}, {"start": "00:12:18", "end": "00:12:20", "text": "articles announcing this discovery and a"}, {"start": "00:12:20", "end": "00:12:22", "text": "couple thousand years after Linkers"}, {"start": "00:12:22", "end": "00:12:25", "text": "finally bit the dust, I came along and"}, {"start": "00:12:25", "end": "00:12:27", "text": "made this. Much of the footage you've"}, {"start": "00:12:27", "end": "00:12:29", "text": "seen in this video is from my own"}, {"start": "00:12:29", "end": "00:12:31", "text": "self-made map. This one made for the"}, {"start": "00:12:31", "end": "00:12:35", "text": "game City Skylines 2 because that's just"}, {"start": "00:12:35", "end": "00:12:37", "text": "how I choose to live my life. I make"}, {"start": "00:12:37", "end": "00:12:39", "text": "maps and then I make videos and I love"}, {"start": "00:12:39", "end": "00:12:42", "text": "it and that's that. I like to reimagine"}, {"start": "00:12:42", "end": "00:12:44", "text": "history like what might Linkis have"}, {"start": "00:12:44", "end": "00:12:46", "text": "become if Macedonia and Rome hadn't come"}, {"start": "00:12:46", "end": "00:12:48", "text": "along to steal all its power. If you"}, {"start": "00:12:48", "end": "00:12:51", "text": "also need to know then you can grab the"}, {"start": "00:12:51", "end": "00:12:52", "text": "free map from the link in the"}, {"start": "00:12:52", "end": "00:12:54", "text": "description"}, {"start": "00:12:54", "end": "00:12:58", "text": "below. And now after all of that comes"}, {"start": "00:12:58", "end": "00:13:01", "text": "the map information because it's good"}, {"start": "00:13:01", "end": "00:13:03", "text": "manners and that's how I was raised. Not"}, {"start": "00:13:03", "end": "00:13:06", "text": "to keep people waiting, not to be late,"}, {"start": "00:13:06", "end": "00:13:09", "text": "not to just drone on and on and on and"}, {"start": "00:13:09", "end": "00:13:11", "text": "on about irrelevant stuff instead of the"}, {"start": "00:13:11", "end": "00:13:13", "text": "thing at hand like my mom who is always"}, {"start": "00:13:13", "end": "00:13:15", "text": "doing that and drives me absolutely"}, {"start": "00:13:15", "end": "00:13:17", "text": "mental. Just droning on and on and just"}, {"start": "00:13:17", "end": "00:13:19", "text": "constantly just never getting to the"}, {"start": "00:13:19", "end": "00:13:22", "text": "point. I hate when people do that. I"}, {"start": "00:13:22", "end": "00:13:24", "text": "would never do"}, {"start": "00:13:25", "end": "00:13:28", "text": "that. Anyway, what was the point? Uh,"}, {"start": "00:13:28", "end": "00:13:30", "text": "yes. Map information. When I read it to"}, {"start": "00:13:30", "end": "00:13:32", "text": "you, it sounds like this."}, {"start": "00:13:32", "end": "00:13:36", "text": "Climate ranges from 5 to 28\u00b0 C."}, {"start": "00:13:36", "end": "00:13:37", "text": "Buildable area is"}, {"start": "00:13:37", "end": "00:13:40", "text": "65%. Outside connections include roads,"}, {"start": "00:13:40", "end": "00:13:42", "text": "rail, sea, and air. Power is also"}, {"start": "00:13:42", "end": "00:13:45", "text": "available. Natural resources consist of"}, {"start": "00:13:45", "end": "00:13:50", "text": "94.4 km of wheat, 33.5 kot of"}, {"start": "00:13:50", "end": "00:13:54", "text": "forest, 164 kot of ore, and 89 kot of"}, {"start": "00:13:54", "end": "00:13:57", "text": "oil. The terrain features lots of flat"}, {"start": "00:13:57", "end": "00:14:01", "text": "land surrounded by mountains."}, {"start": "00:14:02", "end": "00:14:05", "text": "And that's all you beautiful people."}, {"start": "00:14:05", "end": "00:14:07", "text": "That's all for Linkus, another city lost"}, {"start": "00:14:07", "end": "00:14:10", "text": "to time and only very recently"}, {"start": "00:14:10", "end": "00:14:11", "text": "rediscovered by my favorite ground"}, {"start": "00:14:11", "end": "00:14:13", "text": "pokers, the"}, {"start": "00:14:13", "end": "00:14:15", "text": "archaeologists. Thanks for coming and"}, {"start": "00:14:15", "end": "00:14:17", "text": "don't forget to like and subscribe. It's"}, {"start": "00:14:17", "end": "00:14:19", "text": "YouTube's way of tipping the bell hop"}, {"start": "00:14:19", "end": "00:14:22", "text": "and it helps me not die. Thanks again"}, {"start": "00:14:22", "end": "00:14:25", "text": "for coming and I hope to see you next"}, {"start": "00:14:25", "end": "00:14:27", "text": "time. Peace, love, and"}, {"start": "00:14:27", "end": "00:14:29", "text": "linkers. Goodbye."}, {"start": "00:14:29", "end": "00:14:33", "text": "[Music]"}]

[{"start": "00:00:00", "end": "00:00:05", "text": "A lot of people are confused when it comes to dinosaurs and the Bible. Someone recently"}, {"start": "00:00:05", "end": "00:00:12", "text": "asked me, Daniel, why does the Bible not mention dinosaurs? What if I told you that the Bible does"}, {"start": "00:00:12", "end": "00:00:17", "text": "mention dinosaurs, but they are just called something else since the Bible was written"}, {"start": "00:00:17", "end": "00:00:23", "text": "in Hebrew and Greek? What if I told you that ancient people, including those in the Bible,"}, {"start": "00:00:23", "end": "00:00:29", "text": "they knew about them, they saw them, they fought them, and even hunted them. And what if I told you"}, {"start": "00:00:29", "end": "00:00:36", "text": "that the biggest problem we have is not between true science and faith. The biggest problem is"}, {"start": "00:00:36", "end": "00:00:41", "text": "what people did not tell you in school or even in church. But now you might ask, \"Alright, Daniel,"}, {"start": "00:00:41", "end": "00:00:47", "text": "but what then did they call dinosaurs before the 1800s, especially in the time of the Bible?\" And"}, {"start": "00:00:47", "end": "00:00:54", "text": "these are amazing, huge creatures, and God himself talks about them. A lot of people today when they"}, {"start": "00:00:54", "end": "00:00:59", "text": "read the Bible, they choose what they want to believe or not. You can't do that. These are what"}, {"start": "00:00:59", "end": "00:01:08", "text": "the people wrote of that time. It wasn't symbolic. These were real creatures, beasts, dragons. The"}, {"start": "00:01:08", "end": "00:01:16", "text": "fact remains there are many historical writings about human encounters with dragons. How then did"}, {"start": "00:01:16", "end": "00:01:21", "text": "they survive the flood? Because many probably died in the flood because that's what God's Word says,"}, {"start": "00:01:21", "end": "00:01:37", "text": "right? And they probably did not go in the ark because they were too big. Or were they?"}, {"start": "00:01:37", "end": "00:01:40", "text": "Hey guys, recently I realized a lot of people are confused when"}, {"start": "00:01:40", "end": "00:01:46", "text": "it comes to dinosaurs and the Bible. Someone recently asked me, Daniel,"}, {"start": "00:01:46", "end": "00:01:51", "text": "why does the Bible not mention dinosaurs? I answered him and I'm going to give you"}, {"start": "00:01:51", "end": "00:01:57", "text": "guys the same answer today. What if I told you that the Bible does mention dinosaurs,"}, {"start": "00:01:57", "end": "00:02:06", "text": "but they are just called something else. Since the Bible was written in Hebrew and Greek,"}, {"start": "00:02:06", "end": "00:02:10", "text": "what if I told you that ancient people, including those in the Bible,"}, {"start": "00:02:10", "end": "00:02:16", "text": "they knew about them, they saw them, they fought them, and even hunted them."}, {"start": "00:02:17", "end": "00:02:23", "text": "And what if I told you that the biggest problem we have is not between true science and faith."}, {"start": "00:02:23", "end": "00:02:30", "text": "The biggest problem is what people did not tell you in school or even in church. So today, I want"}, {"start": "00:02:30", "end": "00:02:39", "text": "to share with you five truths about dinosaurs and the Bible you might not have heard before."}, {"start": "00:02:39", "end": "00:02:44", "text": "Now let's start with something that is simple but shocking to those of you who might not know this."}, {"start": "00:02:44", "end": "00:02:52", "text": "The word dinosaur, it did not exist before the 1800s. And the Bible, it's a lot older"}, {"start": "00:02:52", "end": "00:03:00", "text": "than that. The word dinosaur was created in 1841 by Sir Richard Owen. He created the word from two"}, {"start": "00:03:00", "end": "00:03:09", "text": "Greek roots. Deinos, meaning terrible or mighty, and then sauros, meaning lizard. So that is interesting,"}, {"start": "00:03:09", "end": "00:03:16", "text": "right? Because this amazing name, almost fantasy like name, dinosaur, it actually just means"}, {"start": "00:03:16", "end": "00:03:23", "text": "terrible lizard. But now you might ask, \"Alright, Daniel, but what then did they call dinosaurs"}, {"start": "00:03:23", "end": "00:03:29", "text": "before the 1800s, especially in the time of the Bible?\" Now, see, ha, that is the right question"}, {"start": "00:03:29", "end": "00:03:37", "text": "you need to ask. They call them dragons. This was the word used for centuries across the globe by"}, {"start": "00:03:37", "end": "00:03:46", "text": "cultures spread all over the world. But then as time goes on, certain people, I don't know why,"}, {"start": "00:03:46", "end": "00:03:51", "text": "because they're bored or they want to look smart, they change certain meanings of words. And so"}, {"start": "00:03:51", "end": "00:03:56", "text": "the word dinosaur was created. But the problem is then people lose the history of it. Especially the"}, {"start": "00:03:56", "end": "00:04:02", "text": "new generation. Most of the new generation, they have no clue that the word dinosaur didn't exist,"}, {"start": "00:04:02", "end": "00:04:06", "text": "right? It was created in 1800s, but people call them dragons. Personally, I believe that would"}, {"start": "00:04:06", "end": "00:04:15", "text": "have been better to still call dinosaurs dragons. Anyway, guess what? That's the same word the Bible"}, {"start": "00:04:15", "end": "00:04:22", "text": "uses for dinosaurs. In the Old Testament, when we look at the language, it is Hebrew and the word"}, {"start": "00:04:22", "end": "00:04:31", "text": "used for dragons is tanin. But unfortunately over time some people translated it wrongly"}, {"start": "00:04:31", "end": "00:04:37", "text": "especially in Bible verses like the NIV, the New International Version. Instead of using dragon it"}, {"start": "00:04:37", "end": "00:04:43", "text": "uses the word great sea creatures or even monsters at certain places. And even in parts like the book"}, {"start": "00:04:43", "end": "00:04:51", "text": "of Job that mentions the behemoth. It interprets it as a hippopotamus in the footnotes despite the"}, {"start": "00:04:51", "end": "00:04:58", "text": "tail being described as being clearly massive. I don't know about you, but last time I checked"}, {"start": "00:04:58", "end": "00:05:02", "text": "a hippopotamus that we have a lot of in South Africa when I grew up there, they've got small"}, {"start": "00:05:02", "end": "00:05:08", "text": "tails. So that is not a hippopotamus. Even my language, Afrikaans, they translated it wrongly,"}, {"start": "00:05:08", "end": "00:05:15", "text": "sometimes using tannin or dragons, using seekoei, which means hippopotamus or even a crocodile (krokodil)."}, {"start": "00:05:15", "end": "00:05:22", "text": "Another bad translation is the NLT version that also translates it wrongly. It's very clear the"}, {"start": "00:05:22", "end": "00:05:31", "text": "Bible uses the word dragon and that takes us to number two. The behemoth and the leviathan."}, {"start": "00:05:31", "end": "00:05:36", "text": "Now these creatures are amazing. You know when the Bible talks about the behemoth or the leviathan,"}, {"start": "00:05:36", "end": "00:05:43", "text": "these are amazing huge creatures and God himself talks about them. God describes"}, {"start": "00:05:43", "end": "00:05:50", "text": "them as having bones like bronze, a tail like a cedar tree, limbs like bars of iron,"}, {"start": "00:05:50", "end": "00:05:57", "text": "and strength that surpasses all land beasts. Now you can go make a Bible study of it and read"}, {"start": "00:05:57", "end": "00:06:05", "text": "how God describes this amazing dinosaur dragon himself. He even talks about how he eats grass,"}, {"start": "00:06:05", "end": "00:06:11", "text": "so plants. So I believe this was probably a Sauropod or something like that. And then God also says"}, {"start": "00:06:11", "end": "00:06:16", "text": "something interesting. He says that it is first of His creation, which is interesting. And he is"}, {"start": "00:06:16", "end": "00:06:21", "text": "above all the other beasts. But then in the next chapter, the whole chapter actually, Chapter 41,"}, {"start": "00:06:21", "end": "00:06:29", "text": "he talks about the leviathan, a terrifying sea creature that breathes fire, thrushes the seas."}, {"start": "00:06:29", "end": "00:06:32", "text": "Now, let me pause here very quickly because now some of you might say, \"Yeah, Daniel, you see,"}, {"start": "00:06:32", "end": "00:06:37", "text": "breathing fire sounds like those stories I read when I was a kid growing up and even fantasy"}, {"start": "00:06:37", "end": "00:06:46", "text": "stories. Really? Fire breathing dragons?\" Well, I believe this actually could have been true. Now,"}, {"start": "00:06:46", "end": "00:06:51", "text": "some of you like, shocking, are there really? Well, there's another kind of"}, {"start": "00:06:51", "end": "00:06:58", "text": "living creature that also shoots fire. Have you ever heard of the bombardier beetle?"}, {"start": "00:06:58", "end": "00:07:04", "text": "It actually shoots fire. You need to go and read up on it just when you have some time because it"}, {"start": "00:07:04", "end": "00:07:08", "text": "lets you think that there were probably some kind of other animals, maybe extinct today, that were"}, {"start": "00:07:08", "end": "00:07:16", "text": "able to also do things like the bombardier beetle. Now let's continue. Thrashes the seas. His back"}, {"start": "00:07:16", "end": "00:07:25", "text": "is made of rows of shields and is untameable or almost unkillable. God says on earth there is not"}, {"start": "00:07:25", "end": "00:07:34", "text": "his like, a creature without fear. He sees everything that is high. He is king over all the sons of pride."}, {"start": "00:07:34", "end": "00:07:40", "text": "Verse 25: He raises himself up. The mighty are afraid. At the crushing they are beside"}, {"start": "00:07:40", "end": "00:07:45", "text": "themselves. Though the sword reaches him, it does not avail, nor the spear, the dart,"}, {"start": "00:07:45", "end": "00:07:50", "text": "or the javelin. He counts iron as straw and bronze as rotten wood."}, {"start": "00:07:50", "end": "00:07:55", "text": "You know, the Bible has been there for thousands of years. And so when ancient people would read"}, {"start": "00:07:55", "end": "00:08:01", "text": "this or even see these animals, they know this is not symbolic. A lot of people today when they read"}, {"start": "00:08:01", "end": "00:08:07", "text": "the Bible, they choose what they want to believe or not. You can't do that because you're looking"}, {"start": "00:08:07", "end": "00:08:14", "text": "at it from your culture, from your time, from your language, and then you make assumptions. These are"}, {"start": "00:08:14", "end": "00:08:23", "text": "what the people wrote of that time. It wasn't symbolic. These were real creatures, beasts,"}, {"start": "00:08:23", "end": "00:08:32", "text": "dragons. Which takes us to the next one. Because we need to understand history from the perspective"}, {"start": "00:08:32", "end": "00:08:38", "text": "of the people who lived at that time, from their culture, their language, their time. Number three,"}, {"start": "00:08:38", "end": "00:08:46", "text": "ancient cultures not only knew about dinosaurs, but lived among them. So here's the interesting"}, {"start": "00:08:46", "end": "00:08:52", "text": "part. Evolution or let's say mainstream scientists who are not Christian and who do not want the"}, {"start": "00:08:52", "end": "00:08:59", "text": "Bible to be true, they say, well humans and dinosaurs, they did not live in the same time"}, {"start": "00:08:59", "end": "00:09:05", "text": "but dinosaurs, they lived millions millions and millions and millions and millions of years before"}, {"start": "00:09:05", "end": "00:09:12", "text": "humans, most of them today just 65 million years right? But who's counting. But then why do we"}, {"start": "00:09:12", "end": "00:09:19", "text": "have all this evidence, ancient carvings from old cultures, cave drawings and records from cultures"}, {"start": "00:09:19", "end": "00:09:27", "text": "all over the world, showing humans interacting with dinosaurs. I mean they are everywhere. And"}, {"start": "00:09:27", "end": "00:09:35", "text": "I'm just asking Chat GPT quickly here. Hey, do we have evidence of human footprints with"}, {"start": "00:09:35", "end": "00:09:42", "text": "dinosaurs or any other evidence that lived in the same time? Yes, there's evidence of"}, {"start": "00:09:42", "end": "00:09:48", "text": "human dinosaur tracks together in places like Glen Rose, Texas. Paluxy River. Not sure if I"}, {"start": "00:09:48", "end": "00:09:53", "text": "pronounce if I'm pronouncing that correct. Though debated, some claim overlapping footprints. Also,"}, {"start": "00:09:53", "end": "00:09:59", "text": "many ancient cultures have depictions of dinosaur-like creatures suggesting they saw"}, {"start": "00:09:59", "end": "00:10:06", "text": "them alive. Now listen to this interesting part. While not accepted by mainstream science and that"}, {"start": "00:10:06", "end": "00:10:13", "text": "has always been the issue because mainstream science today needs to ask who are they? Who"}, {"start": "00:10:13", "end": "00:10:19", "text": "controls them? What agenda do they have? Because they know the enemy knows. If people think, \"Oh,"}, {"start": "00:10:19", "end": "00:10:24", "text": "this is science, so this must be true,\" then the Bible is not true. And that is one of the"}, {"start": "00:10:24", "end": "00:10:29", "text": "weapons that the enemy is using. True science actually does not contradict Scripture at all."}, {"start": "00:10:29", "end": "00:10:34", "text": "It says here, \"While not accepted by mainstream science, creationists argue that these footprints"}, {"start": "00:10:34", "end": "00:10:42", "text": "and records support humans and dinosaurs living at the same time, just like the Bible implies. Now"}, {"start": "00:10:42", "end": "00:10:48", "text": "apart from this, there are also many old stories or writings of people who encountered dragons like"}, {"start": "00:10:48", "end": "00:10:55", "text": "Alexander the Great. He encountered a giant serpent in India so feared by the locals they"}, {"start": "00:10:55", "end": "00:11:02", "text": "begged him not to disturb it. The Romans hunted massive dragons as well. One was over 100 feet"}, {"start": "00:11:02", "end": "00:11:09", "text": "long and sent back to Rome as a trophy. So people saw these dragons, these dinosaurs, they lived"}, {"start": "00:11:09", "end": "00:11:15", "text": "among them and they hunted them for trophies. It's one of the reasons why I believe they got extinct"}, {"start": "00:11:15", "end": "00:11:19", "text": "so quick. I'll talk about that maybe a little bit later. Even early writings speaking of apostles"}, {"start": "00:11:19", "end": "00:11:26", "text": "like Bartholomew killing a dragon recorded in the acts of Bartholomew. And we also read about saints"}, {"start": "00:11:26", "end": "00:11:32", "text": "like George slaying one in Passio Sancti Georgii. Now, just for clarity, I just want to say that I"}, {"start": "00:11:32", "end": "00:11:38", "text": "trust the Bible 100 percent because the Bible is breathed out by God himself. So, it is truth. So,"}, {"start": "00:11:38", "end": "00:11:45", "text": "whatever it says, including dragons, I trust it. And I look at outside sources outside of the Bible"}, {"start": "00:11:45", "end": "00:11:50", "text": "to see if it connects with the Bible as well. So, if there are other writings about the apostles"}, {"start": "00:11:50", "end": "00:11:56", "text": "or encounters with dragons, I'm not sure if that is true, but I just wanted to mention it because"}, {"start": "00:11:56", "end": "00:12:03", "text": "there are writings about it. The fact remains there are many historical writings about human"}, {"start": "00:12:03", "end": "00:12:10", "text": "encounters with dragons. For example, the Roman historian Cassius Dio tells us a Roman army killed"}, {"start": "00:12:10", "end": "00:12:18", "text": "a 120 foot dragon near Carthage and sent his skin back to Rome as a trophy. Now ancient historians"}, {"start": "00:12:18", "end": "00:12:25", "text": "like Josephus and Herodotus, they were actually around 400 or 500 years apart. And yet what they"}, {"start": "00:12:25", "end": "00:12:32", "text": "wrote about flying serpents aka dragons were very similar. So we could believe hey something"}, {"start": "00:12:32", "end": "00:12:38", "text": "is going on here because these are historians and they wrote about these creatures. Flying serpents"}, {"start": "00:12:38", "end": "00:12:44", "text": "were feared in the Egypt, Arabian and Ethiopian areas. They were driven back by Ibis birds in both"}, {"start": "00:12:44", "end": "00:12:51", "text": "writings and both placed them near Ethiopia, the exact region where Moses led his Egyptian military"}, {"start": "00:12:51", "end": "00:12:58", "text": "campaign when he was young and still living in Egypt. Now again, I'm not 100 percent sure that"}, {"start": "00:12:58", "end": "00:13:03", "text": "happened, but they write about it, which is interesting. And we do know that yes,"}, {"start": "00:13:03", "end": "00:13:08", "text": "when Moses was younger, of course, he grew up in Egypt. He was a powerful person, right, under"}, {"start": "00:13:08", "end": "00:13:13", "text": "the Pharaoh. And so this could have been true. It was only later when he led the Israelites out of"}, {"start": "00:13:13", "end": "00:13:20", "text": "Egypt. And what is interesting to me is that this was a real flying serpent creature that they wrote"}, {"start": "00:13:20", "end": "00:13:24", "text": "about. Both of these people, Herodotus, Josephus, why would they write about something like this?"}, {"start": "00:13:24", "end": "00:13:29", "text": "And it's similar and yet not true. There are many other stories of these flying creatures as"}, {"start": "00:13:29", "end": "00:13:35", "text": "well. Dragons, serpent is sometimes interchange interchangeably used for dragon as well. A good"}, {"start": "00:13:35", "end": "00:13:42", "text": "example in the Bible is the devil himself, right? Who is called the serpent, or the dragon of old in"}, {"start": "00:13:42", "end": "00:13:48", "text": "the book of Revelation, both of them are actually used in the same chapter in the same Bible verse."}, {"start": "00:13:48", "end": "00:13:53", "text": "Revelation 12:9: And the great dragon was thrown down that"}, {"start": "00:13:53", "end": "00:14:01", "text": "ancient serpent who is called the devil and Satan, deceiver of the whole world,"}, {"start": "00:14:01", "end": "00:14:06", "text": "he was thrown down to the earth and his angels were thrown down with him."}, {"start": "00:14:08", "end": "00:14:16", "text": "Now, let's move on to the next one. Dinosaurs and the ark. Now, you might be asking, \"Alright,"}, {"start": "00:14:16", "end": "00:14:22", "text": "Daniel. So, if there were dinosaurs, dragons after the flood and they were just killed out and hunted"}, {"start": "00:14:22", "end": "00:14:28", "text": "down as trophies, how then did they survive the flood?\" Because many probably died in the flood"}, {"start": "00:14:28", "end": "00:14:32", "text": "because that's what God's Word says, right? And they probably did not go in the ark because they"}, {"start": "00:14:32", "end": "00:14:40", "text": "were too big. Or were they? Because babies are small. It would have been probably wise for Noah"}, {"start": "00:14:40", "end": "00:14:47", "text": "and his three sons and their wives to take smaller animals because they take a lot less"}, {"start": "00:14:47", "end": "00:14:53", "text": "space. They eat a lot less. And especially when it comes to dinosaurs, it would be wise as well."}, {"start": "00:14:53", "end": "00:14:58", "text": "Imagine those big dinosaurs on the ark. It would not be smart because they would probably want to"}, {"start": "00:14:58", "end": "00:15:05", "text": "eat everything, right? Even the biggest dinosaurs hatched from eggs the size of a football. So that"}, {"start": "00:15:05", "end": "00:15:12", "text": "is small. So then before the flood I believe there were a lot of dragons, dinosaurs, different types,"}, {"start": "00:15:12", "end": "00:15:18", "text": "different kinds. There were also now of course many animals that lived at that time that we"}, {"start": "00:15:18", "end": "00:15:24", "text": "don't have here with us today because of humans, because we killed them out. We can look at just"}, {"start": "00:15:24", "end": "00:15:29", "text": "even the struggle we have with rhinos today in South Africa. There are many animals that went"}, {"start": "00:15:29", "end": "00:15:35", "text": "extinct. Just if we look at the different types of lions at different places. So before the flood,"}, {"start": "00:15:35", "end": "00:15:41", "text": "the world was rich with different beasts and animals of all kinds and dinosaurs. And that"}, {"start": "00:15:41", "end": "00:15:49", "text": "is why we included dinosaurs aka dragons in our new novel, a novel called Lightborn. And it's"}, {"start": "00:15:49", "end": "00:15:55", "text": "focused on the time before the flood, looking at the Bible, archaeology, bring it all together,"}, {"start": "00:15:55", "end": "00:16:03", "text": "focusing on the prophecy of the Messiah from Genesis 3:15. Check out this trailer."}, {"start": "00:16:03", "end": "00:16:07", "text": "Hey guys, I really hope you're enjoying the video so far, but I have some big and exciting"}, {"start": "00:16:07", "end": "00:16:15", "text": "news to share. I'm writing a novel with my brother set in the world before the flood."}, {"start": "00:16:18", "end": "00:16:24", "text": "It's going to feel like a mix of fantasy and historical fiction, much like Lord of the Rings,"}, {"start": "00:16:24", "end": "00:16:30", "text": "Warcraft, or Narnia. But here's the best part. It is based on biblical and archaeological"}, {"start": "00:16:30", "end": "00:16:37", "text": "truths. In this book, we're diving deep into the ancient world of fallen angels,"}, {"start": "00:16:37", "end": "00:16:46", "text": "the Nephilim, and the family lines of Adam, specifically Seth and Cain. You'll"}, {"start": "00:16:46", "end": "00:17:00", "text": "get to experience how they live in cities like Nippur and Eridu. How they fell into darkness."}, {"start": "00:17:00", "end": "00:17:14", "text": "And how they became so evil in a world filled with beasts and dragons like the Behemoth and Leviathan"}, {"start": "00:17:15", "end": "00:17:20", "text": "described in the book of Job. If you've ever wondered what"}, {"start": "00:17:20", "end": "00:17:24", "text": "the world was like before the flood in the antediluvian world,"}, {"start": "00:17:24", "end": "00:17:30", "text": "then this novel is going to bring it to life in a way you've never seen before."}, {"start": "00:17:31", "end": "00:17:44", "text": "It's packed with action, spiritual battles"}, {"start": "00:17:44", "end": "00:17:53", "text": "and deep insights into humanity's early struggles. It answers the biggest questions of humanity."}, {"start": "00:17:53", "end": "00:17:59", "text": "Why are we here? What is the meaning of life? And where are we going when we die?"}, {"start": "00:18:02", "end": "00:18:08", "text": "And here's the exciting part. I'm giving you, all my amazing subscribers, exclusive access to"}, {"start": "00:18:08", "end": "00:18:13", "text": "the first four chapters of the novel for free. Just click the link in the video description,"}, {"start": "00:18:13", "end": "00:18:20", "text": "enter your name, email, and we'll send it to you. Now, if you're watching this video much later,"}, {"start": "00:18:20", "end": "00:18:25", "text": "this book might already be out. And then you can just grab it at any of our websites at DLM"}, {"start": "00:18:25", "end": "00:18:32", "text": "Christian Lifestyle or Ruach Entertainment. Now, this book is perfect for unbelievers and"}, {"start": "00:18:32", "end": "00:18:38", "text": "even for those on the fence when it comes to their faith because it's a gripping story that"}, {"start": "00:18:38", "end": "00:18:44", "text": "pulls you in. And before you know it, you will see how it aligns with the truth in God's Word,"}, {"start": "00:18:44", "end": "00:18:51", "text": "the Bible. Now, thank you for sticking with me. Let's get back to the message of today."}, {"start": "00:18:51", "end": "00:18:56", "text": "Man, I'm so excited about this. I'm having so much fun writing this with my brother. And by"}, {"start": "00:18:56", "end": "00:19:00", "text": "the time you watch this video, this book might already be out. And guess what? This is only"}, {"start": "00:19:00", "end": "00:19:05", "text": "book one of many. It will be a series. So, I'm very excited about this. But I'm going to zip it"}, {"start": "00:19:05", "end": "00:19:12", "text": "right now because I can't talk too much about it because the time is not yet ready. But if"}, {"start": "00:19:12", "end": "00:19:18", "text": "you're curious about this, to understand the Bible more, the pre flood world, the antediluvian world,"}, {"start": "00:19:18", "end": "00:19:23", "text": "why the world became so evil right after that, the tower of Babel, the fallen angels coming down,"}, {"start": "00:19:23", "end": "00:19:28", "text": "deceiving humankind, bringing forth Nephilim, what is the seed then here of the serpent and the"}, {"start": "00:19:28", "end": "00:19:36", "text": "seed of the woman, the Messiah that will come and how that influenced all the wars of history as we"}, {"start": "00:19:36", "end": "00:19:41", "text": "know it and leads up to the end times. How does it all connect? Watch this video here. I'll see"}, {"start": "00:19:41", "end": "00:19:51", "text": "you there. And before you go, never forget life is short, so do not waste yours. Cheers, guys."}]